API-RP-576

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Optical Flats and Slip Gauges If the bands are straight, parallel and evenly spaced, the surface is flat. If the bands are curved or are unevenly spaced, the surface is not flat. The number of bands which appear is not an indication of the flatness of the surface but relates only to the steepness of the wedge. The bands may be made fewer and father apart by pressing on the optical flat until they are most conveniently spaced for evaluation. http://www.gagesite.com/docum ents/Metrology%20Toolbox/Ho w%20to%20Measure%20Flatne ss%20with%20Optical%20Flats. pdf Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong
As light travels through the Optical Flat the ray is 'split' into two rays one is reflected internally off the inner bottom surface and the other continuing through the air gap to be reflected off the specimen surface. The extra distance this ray has to travel before being reflected back will cause a phase displacement; if it is out of phase by 180˚so when it's at maximum the internally reflected is minimum they will destructively interfere and no light will be seen resulting in a dark fringe; every time the gap changes by a multiple of this distance a dark fringe will be the result. Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong
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API-RP-576 Inspection of Pressure-r
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong Speaker:
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5 Causes of Improper Performance 5.
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1 Scope Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong
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The recommendations in this publica
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This publication does not cover tra
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pressure-relief valves Fion Zhang/
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pilot-operated pressure-relief valv
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upture disks Fion Zhang/ Charlie Ch
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2 Normative References Fion Zhang/
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• ASME PTC 25, Pressure Relief De
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3.1 General For the purposes of thi
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galling Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong
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3.2 Dimensional Characteristics of
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inlet size outlet size Fion Zhang/
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong huddling
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong lift
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Basic Function of a Spring Loaded S
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Valve Closed. In a direct spring lo
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The pressure below the valve must i
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong F p = p*A
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Functional Diagram. The following d
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3.3 Operational Characteristics—S
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3.3.3 maximum allowable working pre
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3.3.4 maximum operating pressure Th
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong Keywords:
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3.4.5 burst-pressure tolerance The
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3.4.10 marked burst pressure or rat
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4 Pressure-relieving Devices Fion Z
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4.2 Pressure-relief Valve Fion Zhna
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4.3 Safety Valve. Fion Zhnag/ Charl
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4.3.1 General. A safety valve is a
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4.3.2 Applications A safety valve i
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4.4.1 General. A relief valve is a
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4.5 Safety-relief Valve. Fion Zhnag
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4.6 Conventional Safety-relief Valv
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4.6 Conventional Safety-relief Valv
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http://www.leser.com/en/products/do
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Fion Zhnag/ Charlie Chong
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Conventional safety valves Fig. 9.2
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Types Mediums Limitations Safety-re
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4.7.3 Limitations Balanced safety-r
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Page 93 and 94: 4.8 Pilot-operated Pressure-relief
Page 95 and 96: What is a Pilot operated safety val
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Page 99 and 100: Figure 9—High-pressure Pilot-oper
Page 103 and 104: 4.8.2 Applications Pilot-operated s
Page 105 and 106: 4.9 Pressure- and/or Vacuum-vent Va
Page 107 and 108: 4.9.1 General. • A pressure- and/
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7—Low-pressure Diaphragm-t
Page 111 and 112: Figure 10—Weight-loaded Pallet Ve
Page 113 and 114: Figure 11—Spring and Weight-loade
Page 117 and 118: 5 Causes of Improper Performance Fi
Page 119 and 120: Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong Figure 22
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25—Monel Rupture Disks Cor
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Page 127 and 128: Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong Figure 35
Page 129 and 130: 5.1 Corrosion Fion Zhang/ Charlie C
Page 131 and 132: Corrosion is a basic cause of many
Page 133 and 134: http://www.valveworld.net/safetyequ
Page 135 and 136: Because there is metal-to-metal con
Page 137: Basic interferometry The interferen
Page 141 and 142: Example: 1 a series of fringes indi
Page 147 and 148: Causes of damaged valve seats; 1. C
Page 149 and 150: Spring failures. 2 modes of failure
Page 153 and 154: Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong The size
Page 155 and 156: Incorrect calibration of pressure g
Page 157 and 158: How to adjust a PSV The spring dete
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Page 161 and 162: The design of the shroud must be su
Page 163 and 164: Adjustment pin affect the character
Page 167 and 168: 5.5 Plugging and Sticking Fion Zhan
Page 169 and 170: 5.6 Misapplication of Materials Fio
Page 171 and 172: Typical ball valve material selecti
Page 177 and 178: 5.7 Improper Location, History, or
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Page 183 and 184: Rough handling can occur during;
Page 185 and 186: The following table summarises the
Page 187 and 188: Greater differentials between opera
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5.10 Improper Discharge Piping Test
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong When hydr
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong the bello
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5.11 Improper Handling, Installatio
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Rupture disk problems are often ass
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6.1 Reasons for Inspection and Test
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6.2.2 Safety 1. proper authority an
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National Board approved ASME stamps
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The Kdr or aW value can vary accord
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6.2.5 Removal of Device from System
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Exercise; Dismantling of PSV Fion Z
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Highly Reactive Materials Water-Rea
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6.2.7 Inspection of Adjacent Inlet
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong Rupture d
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6.2.10 Visual Inspection This inspe
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6.2.11 Dismantling of Valve. Disman
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Portable Test Separator Internal &
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The pilot assembly and dome area co
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6.2.13 Reconditioning and Replaceme
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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong Most test
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After the valve has been adjusted,
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Check for leakage during pressuriza
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6.2.17 Completion of Necessary Reco
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when a valve operates in nonfouling
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ASME BPVC Section I requires; • B
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6.2.20 Inspection, Testing, Mainten
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6.2.21 Inspection, Testing, Mainten
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6.3 Visual On-stream Inspection Vis
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6.4.2 Frequency of Shop Inspection/
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Manufacturer’s Basis • Manufact
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API572, 6.4.3 Frequency of Visual O
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Routine • inspection least interf
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7.1 Objective The primary objective
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7.3 Responsibilities Some companies
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Annex A (informative) Pressure-reli
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API576 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ H
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A.1 Need and Function of Test Block
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A.2 Testing with Air • Air is com
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A.4 Description of Test Block The s
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Key 1. test station 2. adaptor for
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API-RP-576

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