FIRST AID

*FIELD MANUAL
HEADQUARTERS
NO. 4-25.11
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY,
NAVY TACTICAL
THE NAVY, AND THE AIR FORCE
REFERENCE Washington, DC, 23 December 2002
PUBLICATION
NO. 4-02.1
AIR FORCE MANUAL
NO. 44-163(I)
FIRST AID
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE .............................................................. v
CHAPTER 1. FUNDAMENTAL CRITERIA FOR FIRST AID
1-1. General .................................................... 1-1
1-2. Terminology .............................................. 1-2
1-3. Understanding Vital Body Functions
for First Aid............................................. 1-3
1-4. Adverse Conditions...................................... 1-7
1-5. Basics of First Aid ....................................... 1-7
1-6. Evaluating a Casualty ................................... 1-8
CHAPTER 2. BASIC MEASURES FOR FIRST AID
2-1. General .................................................... 2-1
Section I. Open the Airway and Restore Breathing............. 2-1
2-2. Breathing Process ........................................ 2-1
2-3. Assessment of and Positioning the Casualty ........ 2-1
2-4. Opening the Airway of an Unconscious or not
Breathing Casualty ..................................... 2-3
2-5. Rescue Breathing (Artificial Respiration)............ 2-6
2-6. Preliminary Steps—All Rescue Breathing
Methods.................................................. 2-6
2-7. Mouth-to-Mouth Method ............................... 2-7
2-8. Mouth-to-Nose Method ................................. 2-9
2-9. Heartbeat .................................................. 2-9
2-10. Airway Obstructions..................................... 2-10
2-11. Opening the Obstructed Airway—Conscious
Casualty.................................................. 2-11
2-12. Opening the Obstructed Airway—Casualty Lying
Down or Unconscious................................. 2-14
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*This publication supersedes FM 21-11, 27 October 1988
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