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Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan Photo 3.6: Streaked Spiderhunter WWF-Malaysia/ Chew Yen Fook 3.5.3 Fishes The only known study on fish diversity of GSSP is that by Abdullah Samat et al. (2005) which was conducted during the 2003 scientific expedition. This preliminary study recorded 15 species belonging to 8 families, with cyprinids constituting 40% of the total number of species. The number of species recorded is considered to be low due to limited sampling effort and natural constraints such as lack of habitat and food supply in the headwaters or streams at higher altitudes, compared with large rivers or streams of the lowland areas. However, the authors predicted that more species could be added to the list if more tributaries are surveyed. GSSP is believed to be a genebank of fishes in the Galas river system. Depletion of fish downriver can be replenished by those of GSSP, but if those from GSSP is depleted, there is no replenishment, as many species of fish cannot swim up against the waterfalls and cascades flowing down the steep granite massif. 3.5.4 Insects and Other Invertebrates Studies on insects and other invertebrates for GSSP were mainly conducted during the 2003 scientific expedition. Only certain groups of invertebrates were covered in these surveys and these include ectoparasites (Mariana et al., 2005), aquatic insects (Che Salmah et al., 2005), parasitic wasps (Idris et al., 2005), cicadas (Azman & Zaidi, 2005), ants, termites and beetles (Ahmed Said Sajap et al., 2005), moths (Zaidi et al., 2005) and butterflies (Zaidi et al., 2005). 3.6 Plants A preliminary checklist of plants was compiled based on the results of surveys conducted during the 2003 scientific expedition, herbarium records from FRIM and results of a plant survey commissioned by WWF-Malaysia under this project and conducted on 22-29 December 2006. This survey was conducted along the main trails within GSSP, from the lowland areas up to the peak, as well as the limestone hills at Dabong. Although these limestone hills, containing the Gua Ikan group of caves, are not part of GSSP proper, they harbour an interesting assemblage of plants including those restricted to limestone (see 1.2.10.2) and rare and threatened plants. A total of 618 taxa of seed plants and 80 of ferns and fern-allies are known from GSSP. At least two plant species are endemic to GSSP, a bamboo Hultommochloa pubescens (Wong, 1995) and a fan palm Licuala stongensis (Saw, 1997). 40
Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan The endemic bamboo, Holtummochloa pubescens, deserves special mention, as it seems to be common along the ridges leading to G. Stong and G. Ayam, while the endemic palm, Licuala stongensis, though common along the lower ridges and saddles, is threatened by illegal agarwood collectors who favour its cabbage as a local salad, dipped in ‘budu,’ the local fish sauce condiment. If this threat persists, then this endemic palm may soon be extinct. In the lowland areas, there are extensive tracts of secondary forest and scrub dominated by bamboos, the fern, Dicranopteris linearis, and other pioneer species, together with fewer harvestable commercial timber species. However, there are signs of regeneration into primary forests. The plants most threatened are those growing on the Dabong limestone hills, which are partially located within the Serasa Forest Reserve with the remainder under stateland, and not part of GSSP. Gua Ikan, in particular is important as it harbours the only population of the balsam, Impatiens vaughanii, in Kelantan (the only other locality is in Perlis) and the variegated population of Begonia nurii. Possible further alienation into agriculture may turn these limestone hills into isolated islands surrounded by a sea of orchards, oilpalm, or rubber planting schemes. Photo 3.7: Licuala stongensis, a Palm Endemic to GSSP WWF-Malaysia/ N.M. Maseri 41
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