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Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan 28. Semerak 4 05.12.1939 29. Serasa 10,338 11.05.1989 30. Sg. Durian 16,481 27.05.1948 31. Sg. Rek 15,360 11.05.1989 32. Sg. Sam 3,756 11.05.1989 33. Temangan 1,590 06.07.1937 34. Ulu Sat 14,432 24.08.1958 34. Ulu Temiang 15,397 18.04.1955 Sub-Total 169,202 Total 629,687 Source: Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri Kelantan (undated) Compared to the other states in the peninsula, forest reserve gazettement in Kelantan is a relatively recent phenomenon, with 20 out of 35 forest reserves gazetted in 1989, three in 1957, two in 1990, and one each in 1991, 1962, 1960, 1958, 1955, 1948, 1946, 1941, 1939, 1937. The earliest to be gazetted was the Temangan Forest Reserve in 1937 (where iron was actively mined) followed by the Semerak Forest Reserve in 1939 and the Berangkat Forest Reserve in 1941. In contrast to the production forests, Virgin Jungle Reserves (VJRs) in the state total only 1,611 ha (see Table 1.9 below). No. PRF in which VJR is Located Table 1.9: Virgin Jungle Reserves in Kelantan Year Gazetted Area of VJR (ha) Location of VJR 1. Jeli Forest Reserve 1967 159 Compartment 18 2. Temangan 1959 113 Compartment 7 3. Chabang Tongkat 1967 130 Compartment 76 4. Sg. Durian 1967 147 Compartment 101 5. Ulu Temiang 1967 142 Compartment 43 6. Ulu Sat 1967 189 Compartment 28 7. Lebir N/a. 208 Compartment 19 8. Relai 1960 523 Compartment 15 Total 1,611 Source: Jabatan Alam Sekitar (1993). Forested areas that are popular with local visitors are the 306ha Jeram Linang Recreational Forest (compartments 66 and 67 of the Ulu Sat Forest Reserve) and the 314 ha Bt. Baka Recreational Forest (compartment 6 of the Ulu Sat Forest Reserve). The Gunung Stong Tengah Forest Reserve (now Gunung Stong State Park) and Gunung Rabong Forest Reserve are popular with both local and non-local trekkers while the Ulu Nenggiri and Sg. Betis Forest Reserves, through which the Nenggiri River flows, are popular as white-water rafting sites for locals and non-locals alike. The kelah (Malayan mahseer) Conservation Area, along parts of the Sg. Nenggiri, is within the Nenggiri Forest Reserve. Forest resources are a major revenue earner for the State, accounting for 47% of her revenue base. Logs are obtained from production forests, stateland forests, and private land. Logs 14
Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan from production forests are based on annual production targets (coupes) decided at the Forestry Department headquarters, and there are cutting limits on diameter size at breastheight (dbh), while stateland and private land are not coupe-based, and nor are they limited by cutting sizes. Table 1.10 below provides some insight on log and timber production in Kelantan. Table 1.10: Production Of Major Timber Products in Kelantan (in cubic metres) Year Logs Sawn Timber Plywood Veneer Moulding 1995 2,090,461 2,403,000 50,298 43,058 6,004 1996 1,886,545 935,332 40,402 33,340 15,600 1997 1,757,492 750,380 42,351 35,776 17,979 1998 1,146,382 425,955 27,242 15,458 8,962 1999 1,081,987 451,742 33,510 10,554 3,523 2000 1,339,501 543,246 24,970 3,088 3,327 Source: FDPM (2001). 1.5.9 Environmental Quality 1.5.9.1 Water Quality There are six river basins in Kelantan (in order of decreasing length and catchment area) consisting of the Sg. Kelantan (13,000 sq km), Sg. Golok (1,000 sq km), Sg. Semerak (200 sq km.), Sg. Kemasin (48 sq km), Sg. Pengkalan Chepa, and the Sg. Pengkalan Datu basins, with 45 water-sampling stations. Out of 45 sampling stations, 34 are located in the Sg. Kelantan basin, Sg. Golok, 4; Sg. Semerak, 2; Sg. Kemasin, 1; Sg. Pengkalan Chepa, 1; and Sg. Pengkalan Datu, 3. In general, the surface water quality status of the rivers in Kelantan are in the Class II in the WQI category, excepting three sampling stations, one each in the Sg. Semerak, Sg. Pengkalan Chepa, and Sg. Pengkalan Datu basins, that register consistent Class III readings in 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 (DOE Kelantan, 2004). Sg. Semerak, Sg. Pengkalan Chepa, and Sg. Pengkalan Datu recorded moderately polluted status due to their smaller basins, less pristine sources, and discharges from industries, and the presence of solid wastes, domestic and sewage pollution in their basins which are in the more populated and developed areas of the State. The Sg. Kelantan basin is cleaner, due to its higher volume of water (and greater dilution effect), and with its sources in the less developed uplands. 1.5.9.2 Air Quality There are two air quality sampling stations, both in the district of Kota Bharu – one located at the S.M. Dato’ Hashim in Pengkalan Chepa (A1), and the other in the Sultan Ismail College (A2). The site in Pengkalan Chepa is within an industrial area, while the other is in the suburbs. Generally, between 1998 and 2002, the air quality ranged between Good (less than 50) and Moderate (between 51 to 100), rarely exceeding 50 on the Air Pollution Index (API), though in 1998, a spike of 104 and 103 were recorded in the months of April and May for A1, while for A2, the highest level was recorded in the month of May, 1998 (DOE Kelantan, 2004). Incidentally, the months of March to May are in the inter-monsoonal period, corresponding to 15
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