Conversion of Crop Waste in to Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurtus eous

Trends in Biosciences 6 (4): 418-420, 2013
Conversion of Crop Waste in to Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurtus eous
1 2 3
SIDDHANT SWAPNIL YADAV AND C.S. SINGH
1
Mushroom Research Laboratory, K.S.S. P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad, (U.P.) India
2
Department of Biotechnology, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam P.G. College, Shahjahnapur, (U.P.) India
3
Department of Botany, K.S.S. P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad, (U.P.) India
e-mail: siddhant.ani@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the use of ten locally
available crop wastes, viz., banana pseudostem ( Musa
spp .), mustard husk ( Brassica campestris), mustard stem
( Brassica campestris), dry fruit of Ridge gourd ( Luffa
aegyptiaca), groundnut shell ( Arachis hypogaea), maize
cob ( Zea mays), paddy Straw ( Oryza sativa), pea straw
( Pisum sativum), rice husk ( Oryza sativa) and tobacco stem
( Nicotiana tabacum) for various parameters of mushroom
production. Results regarding the time required for
spawn running, primordial development and maturation
of fruiting bodies on different substrates showed that they
appeared earlier on paddy straw and also gave significant
biological efficiency (66%) than the control.
Key words Biological efficiency, Crop wastes, Pleurotus
eous,
The lignocellulosic complex constitutes a major portion
of the total carbon fixed by photosynthesis. However, only a
small fraction of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin produced
as agricultural by-product is utilized; most of this material is
considered waste material. The abundant availability of
wastes pose problem of disposal. Bio-conversion of these
renewable wastes would solve pollution problems and also
these organic wastes may become available for soil
enrichment. Bio-degradation of various agro and agroindustrial
wastes could be accomplished through several
micro organisms to degrade lignocellulosic complex. Among
the microbes, mushrooms were known to produce extra
cellular enzymes like manganese peroxidase (Martínez, et al.,
1994) , laccase (Das, et all, 2001, Platt, et all 1984,
Teradimans, et all 2002 ) lignin peroxidase and aryl alcohol
oxidase(Upadhyay, and Fritche, 1997) to degrade
lignocellulosic complex. Hence, biological pretreatment of
lignocellulosic wastes with mushroom may become
economically and environmentally attractive.
The cultivation of mushrooms on agricultural and animal
wastes is a very old practice in European countries, but in
India and other developing countries it is gaining popularity
day by day. The cultivation of pink oyster mushroom is less
documented, therefore, there is a vast scope of study in respect
of its cultivation.
Keeping this in mind, present study was under taken to
evaluate different locally available crop wastes for better
productivity of this mushroom species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Micro-organism:
The pure culture of Pleurotus eous (Berk) Sacc. was
obtained from the mushroom section of Plant Pathology
Department, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) India. The culture
was maintained and subcultured on potato dextrose agar
(PDA) medium.
Spawn strategy:
Wheat grains ( Triticum aestivum) were used as a spawn
substrate. The spawn was prepared by the Conventional
method.
Substrate preparation:
The substrates used for cultivation of Pleurotus eous
were banana pseudostem ( Musa spp .), mustard husk
( Brassica campestris), mustard stem ( Brassica campestris),
dry fruit of ridge gourd ( Luffa aegyptiaca), groundnut shell
( Arachis hypogaea), maize cob ( Zea mays), paddy Straw
( Oryza sativa), pea straw ( Pisum sativum), rice husk ( Oryza
sativa) and tobacco stem ( Nicotiana tabacum). These were
compared to wheat straw ( Triticum aestivum) which had been
recommended as the best substrate for mushroom cultivation
sungh sungh 1994. The substrates were collected, cleaned, air
dried and chopped in-to small pieces of about 1 cm length and
filled (500 g) in polypropylene bags (42×30 cm size). These
were washed separately in fresh water and then pasteurized in
the solution of formaldehyde (500ppm) and Bavistin (75ppm)
for 18 h as recommended by Vijay, and Sohi, 1987.
Method of cultivation:
The beds were prepared from pasteurized substrate by
layer spawning following the procedure of Bano, 1971 . These
were incubated in a cultivation room at 22-30°C temperature
for spawn run. When the mycelium had completely covered
the beds, the polythene covering was taken off and the relative
humidity was maintained 85-95 per cent with the help of
humidifier.
Data concerning and Biological efficiency:
The yield parameters recorded were, time lapsed in
spawn running, pin head initiation and maturity of fruit
bodies, number of flushes, mushroom yield, biological
efficiency, total number and weight per sporocarp on different
crop waste. The biological efficiency of mushroom was

419 Trends in Biosciences 6 (4), 2013
worked out as percentage yield of fresh mushrooms in
relation to the dry weight of the substrate according to Chang
and Miles, 1989.
Statistical analysis:
Completely randomized design (CRD) was followed for
the experiment. All data were statistically analysed. The
critical difference (CD) was processed at the five per cent
probability level.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mushroom production recorded in the experiment is
shown in Table 1. Pleurotus eous utilized all substrates for
mycelial growth and fruit body development. The substrates
had variable effect on duration of spawn running, initiation
and maturation of fruit bodies, which ranged from 10-28 days,
13-37 days and 17-41 days, respectively (Table1). As
compared to control (15, 18, 22 days) the paddy straw
substrate (10, 13, 17 days), pea straw (12, 14, 18 days), maize
cob (12, 15, 19 days) and mustard stem (12, 16, 20 days) had
shorter time recorded for those stages. The rest of the
substrates showed longer duration, being, the maximum
period recorded on rice husk (28, 37, 41 days).
Yield data of fresh mushrooms revealed that only paddy
straw gave higher yield and biological efficiency (330 g,
66%) than the control. Mustard stem (310 g, 62%), and pea
straw (315 g, 63%) were similar to wheat straw alone. The rest
of the substrates particularly the rice husk (30g, 6%) gave
poor yields and biological efficiency.
The number of fruit bodies harvested varied among the
substrates Studied. Pea straw (67) produced the highest
number of sporocarps while paddy straw (50), mustard stem
(53) and banana pseudo stem (52) were higher than control
(44). Average weight of sporocarps ranged from 2.14-6.84 g.
(Table1)
The mushroom growth directly
depends upon the amount of nutrients present in the substrate
and their availability to fungus. The growth of Pleurotus eous
on diverse range of substrates indicated that the all substrate
materials meet the nutritional requirements desired for fungal
growth. The primordial development depends on the substrate
used. Material with high quality of lignin and cellulose
contents take a longer time to initiate the pinning compared to
the substrate with low content of lignin and cellulose. Due to
very low lignin content in straw, pea and paddy straw took
shorter period for pinning. The yield and biological efficiency
varied among the substrates. The mushrooms which grow on
waste material are capable of degrading various substrate
components but all of them are not similar in their enzymatic
activities and therefore, they show preference for specific
substrate. Probably due to this reason, yield variation was
noticed among the substrates. The significant higher yield and
biological efficiency was observed on paddy straw substrate.
This was in conformity with who reported greater sporophore
production on paddy straw than wheat straw.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to Dr. B.P. Kanaujia, C.S.A.
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur for
providing the culture of Pleurotus eous and the principal

SIDDHANT et. al. : Conversion of Crop Waste in to Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurtus eous
420
K.S.S.P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad for laboratory and
library facilities.
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Received on 04-06-2013 Accepted on 15-06-2013