PHYSICAL EVIDENCE MANUAL - Crime Scene Investigator Network

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Physical Evidence Manual Adopted: May 2002 Revisions: 6 Last Revision: January 31, 2008 19.0 QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS A document is defined as anything upon which a mark is made for the purpose of conveying a message. Many seemingly insignificant documents involved in criminal investigations may offer conclusive proof of certain facts. The following information can be determined from documents: • Identification of handwriting or hand printing as the product from a certain individual. • Determination of whether a specific typewriter was used in preparing a specific document. • Determination of whether a particular document was prepared continuously or if certain portions were added later. • Determination of whether two pieces of paper were at one time a single piece. • Decipherment of erased, obliterated, altered, charred, or water soaked documents. • Decipherment of indented writing. • Determination of whether different inks were used to complete different parts of a document. Submission of Questioned Document Evidence The following are general guidelines when submitting questioned document evidence to the laboratory: • Whenever possible, submit the original document(s). Send copies if the original(s) are not available. • Document examinations should be performed prior to processing the evidence for latent fingerprints. • Clearly identify on the Forensic Services Request (Form 49) which items are exemplars and which items are questioned. • Call the Forensic Document Unit at 971-673-8230 for instructions regarding typewriter or other problems. Collection of Exemplars Never show the questioned document to the person while obtaining an exemplar. If you are unable to obtain exemplars, or the exemplars are incomplete, submit what you have because conclusions may still be possible. Always identify, sign, and date the exemplars legibly to maintain a proper chain of custody. The writer should use black ink; use different color ink for your notations. 19-1
Physical Evidence Manual When possible, obtain collected writing of the writer from other sources. This is writing that is already in existence and was not produced for the purpose of an investigation. One source can often be found in the writer’s wallet or purse that may be copied if you have the proper permission and/or authority. These writings can help determine whether or not the writer has given you a naturally written exemplar. Also obtain exemplars and/or collected writings from the victim for elimination purposes, especially in anonymous writing cases. Cancelled checks written by the victim are excellent in check cases and signature verifications. Use the following procedure to obtain proper exemplars: 1. Use the Oregon State Police generic exemplar form (Form 76) 8 . Instruct the subject to fill out two forms, one in cursive and one hand printed. Both should be filled out completely. 2. Next obtain specific exemplars by dictating the questioned material to the subject several times. If the questioned material is lengthy, dictate portions of it. When obtaining requested signatures, having the subject write the signature several times on different pieces of paper. 3. Specific writings must be comparable. Cursive writing can only be compared to cursive and hand printing can only be compared to hand printing. 4. When obtaining specific writings, duplicate the questioned document as closely as possible by using the same type of writing instrument and the same format (e.g. personal check, prescription form, lined or unlined paper, etc.) used to produce the questioned document. 8 See “Appendix A” for a copy of the generic exemplar form (Form 76). Adopted: May 2002 Revisions: 6 Last Revision: January 31, 2008 19-2
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