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cleJolQm 

b'O{dlxg] ;fdfGo ;flxlTos klqsf 

jif{ M $@÷k"0ff{Í M !%$÷c;f/–;fpg M @)^* 

k|wfg ;Dkfbs 

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efuL/yL >]i7÷cfZjf;gsf k"mnx¿— @# 

avtaxfb'/ yfkf÷;/sf/— ## 

;'lznf b]phf÷wgsf] gzf— #* 

8f= /jLGb| ;dL/÷lh1f;f— %! 

lx/fwg /fO{÷lrl;Psf] ;DaGw— ^% 

n]v÷lgaGw÷;+:d/)f 

kß b]jsf]6f÷d kf7s— @& 

/d0f l3ld/]÷ljgf sf/0f— #( 

/fat÷ofqf ;+:d/0f— %@ 

g[k]Gb|k'?if ofbL÷hg/n ;'j0f{ ;dz]/— ^* 

kof{jnf]sg 

/d]z uf]vf{nL÷…;gfvt / c? syfx¿ÚDff u0ftGqsf] lg?k0f— ( 

nLnf n'OF6]n÷c;d]nL g]kfnL dlxnf ;flxTosf/ zflGt yfkf—$& 

8f=/fdbofn /fs]z÷cGtd{gsf] ofqfdf cleJoQm hLjgfg'e"lt— %* 

8f=s[i0fk|;fb bfxfn÷kjg cfnf]ssf] …o"/f]ksf] ememNsf]Údf k|j]z ubf{— &% 

ctLtsF kFgf 

lzj /]UdL÷g]kfn lzIff ljz]iffÍ— %^ 

xf:o ÷ Joª\Uo 

d'g kf}8]n÷l5M dnfO{ t nfh nfu]/ cfpF5— $# 

nfj0o ;fksf]6f÷gofF /]n gofF v]n— ^# 

kf&s kqf+z 

/hgL 9sfn— &@ 

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ofofj/÷hd36x¿af6— &^ 

uLt ÷ uhn ÷ sljtf 

;fDa 9sfn÷sf7df8f}+af6 kmj{+mbfsf] emf]nf— % 

If]qk|tfk clwsf/L÷r8sg— ^

lji0f'jxfb'/ l;+x÷uhn— ^ 

z/b rGb| zfxf÷— & 

ljof]uL a'9fyf]sL÷uhn— & 

;GhLj /fO{÷lkofgf] jfbs— * 

s]zj/fh cfdf]bL÷d g]kfn /fd|f] agfP/ hfG5'— @! 

/fd]Zj/ …hngÚ÷uhn— ^@ 

nId0f cfrfo{÷u'/Ff; gk'mn]sf dgx¿k|lt— ^$ 

cfj/)f snf 

cf]kn l3ld/] 

cleJolQm kl/jf/ 

gu]Gb|/fh zdf{ 

hubLz l3ld/] 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n 

/d]z uf]vf{nL 

k|0fo/fh l3ld/] 

cf]kn/fh l3ld/] 

k|f~hn/fh l3ld/] 

cleJolQm sfof{no 

kDa' dfu{, uf}/Lgu/, rfjlxn, sfdkf— * 

kmf]g M $$&@^#& 

Od]n M e472637@hotmail.com -k|Lltldf dfq_ 

j]e M www34.brinkster.com/abhibyakti 

d'b|s M aunfd'vL ckm;]6 k|];— sf]k'08f]n, nlntk'/÷kmf]g %@@))(( 

k|sfzs M gu]Gb|/fh zdf{— kDa' dfu{, uf}/Lgu/, rfjlxn, sfdkf– * 

z'Ns M 

ljlzi6 ;b:otf— Go"gtd ?= %,)))÷— 

Ps k|ltsf]— ?=@)÷— 

ef/tdf ef=?=@)÷—

‘cleJolQm’sf] :yfloTjsfnflu ‘cleJolQm cIfo sf]if’ :yfkgf ul/Psf] 

tyf sf]ifj[l4sf nflu OR5's cfkmGtx?;“u 

;xof]usf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] Joxf]/f k"0ff{° !$( sf] ;DkfbsLodf 

plNnlvt 5 . xfn;Dd lgDgfg';f/ ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] Joxf]/f klg 

;wGojfb hfgsf/L u/fp“b 5f}+ . 

;+:yfksx?af6 :yflkt sf]if 

;xof]uLx?af6 

cleJolQm cIfo sf]if 

hLjf nfld5fg] ?= !,)),)))÷– 

gu]Gb|/fh zdf{ ?= !,)),)))÷– 

!= 8f= >L w|'jrGb| uf}td– dxf/fhu~h ?= %,)))÷– 

@= >L w|'j ;fksf]6f– afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ ?= %,)))÷– 

#= >L kjg cfnf]s– l8NnLahf/, sf7df8f}+ ?= !%,)))÷– 

$= >L hubLz l3ld/]– rf]ef/, sf7df8f}+ ?= !,)),)))÷– 

%= >L ;fDa 9sfn– x]6f}+8f, dsjfgk'/ ?= %,)))÷– 

^= >L /d]]z uf]]vf{nL– jL/u~h ?= %,)))÷– 

&= >L /fd]Zj/ hng– a'ª\dtL, nlntk'/ ?= %,)))÷– 

*= >L /fdafa' l3ld/]– /Tggu/, lrtf}g ?= %,)))÷– 

(= >L wg/fh lu/L– a5f}nL, ;f}/fxf, lrtf}g ?= !),)))÷– 

!)= >LdtL /Tg>L >]i7– lqk'/]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ ?= %,)))÷– 

!!= >L z]v/ lu/L– l;gfdÄn, sf7df8f}+ ?= !),)))÷– 

!@= >L zld{nf v8sf, ?= %)))÷– 

!#= >L ljgos'df/ >]i7– d:sf], ?; ?= !,)),)))÷– 

!$= >L dgf]h Gof}kfg], lj/f6gu/ ?= %,)))÷– 

!%= >L ljof]uL a'9fyf]sL– xfQLuf}+8f, sf7df8f}+ ?= %,!))÷– 

!^= >L /Fh]z pkfWofo, r08f]n, sf7df8f}+ ?= @%,)))÷– 

!&= >L lzNkf /fhe08f/L– d:sf], ?; ?= #%,)))÷– 

!*= 8f= >L jb|L s]=;L=– d:sf], ?; ?=#%,)))÷ 

!(= >L dfof 7s'/L– wf]aL3f6, nlntk'/ ?= %,)))÷– 

?= #, *%,!))÷– 

?= @,)),)))÷– 

xfn;Dd hDdf ?= %,*%,!))÷– 

3 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

cleJolQmsf ljlzi6 ;b:ox¿ 

>L x]d xdfn— afg]Zj/ ÷ >L ;'Åb l3ld/]— dl08vf6f/ ÷ >L 

3gZofd /fhsl0f{sf/— j[mi0f kfp/f]6L rf]s, sdnkf]v/L ÷ >L /f]rs 

l3ld/]— uxgf kf]v/L, 6Ëfn ÷ >L hubLz l3ld/]— rf]ef/ ÷ >L e/t 

h+3d— gofF afg]Zj/ ÷ >L r}tGo l;6f}nf— r08f]n ÷ >L z/brGb| u'?ª ÷ 

>L Zofd/fh hf]zL ÷ >L /d]z uf]vf{nL— jL/u~h ÷ >L ljgf]b bLlIft— 

sflnsf:yfg ÷ >L j[mi0fk|;fb k/fh'nL— sfnLdf6L ÷ >L rlGb|sfgGb v/]n— 

l8NnLahf/ ÷ >L e'jg 9' +ufgf— uf}zfnf ÷ >L sGrg k'8f;}gL— hf]/kf6L÷ 

>L ljgob]j zdf{ n'OF6]n— 9'Ëfc•f ÷ >L /d]z vj'm/]n— sdnkf]v/L ÷ 

8f=>L sljtf/fd >]i7— cgfdgu/ ÷ >L x/Lz slNkt— sf7df8f} + ÷ >L 

zÍ/ zfx— …cflzofgfÚ /Ërf]s, 7d]n ÷ >L P;=aL= zfx— hfh/sf]6 ÷ >L 

df]xg b'jfn— ag]kf ÷ >LdtL /Tg>L >]i7— lqk'/]Zj/ ÷ 8f= >L pk]Gb| 

dxtf]— xfn M d:sf], ?; ÷ >L hLjf nfld5fg]— xfn M d:sf], ?; ÷ 8f= 

>LdtL ljlGbtf nfld5fg]— xfn M d:sf], ?; ÷ >L v]d/fh nfld5fg]— 

xfn M d:sf], ?; ÷ 8f= >L dl0f kf]v/]n— xfn M d:sf], ?:f ÷ 8f= >L eLid 

cfrfo{— xfn M d:sf], ?; ÷ >L ;'lznf /fgL /f0ff— nlntk'/ ÷ >L 

uf]ljGb lu/L k| ]/0ff— xfn M cd]l/sf ÷ >L ONof e§/fO{— dxf/fhu~h÷ >L 

hLjgkfgL— cf]/fi6], :ofª\hf— ^, xfn M j'mn]Zj/, sf7df8f} + ÷ >L k|bLk 

vltj8f— l8NnLahf/— xfn M afª\nfb]z ÷ >L lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x— 

dl08vf6f/ ÷ >Ldfof 7s'/L— wf]aL3f6, nlntk'/ ÷ >L kLtfDa/f pkfWofo 

kLo"if— O{lGhgLol/Ë SofDk; k'Nrf]s ÷ >L gu]Gb| zdf{— dl08vf6f/ ÷ >L 

j'ma]/k|;fb zdf{— afg]Zj/ ÷ >L j[mi0f ahufO{ +— a]lNhod ÷ 8f= >L ;'ifdf 

cfrfo{— nlntk'/ ÷ 8f= >L b'j;' If]qL— ;Kt>L ;bg, !(% dfg>L dfu{, 

ljzfngu/ ÷ >L bfdf]b/ k'8f;}gL …lszf]/Ú— Uj+uj", sf7df8f} + ÷ >L ?j'm 

sfsL{— x]6f} +8f M xfn sf7df8f} + ÷ >L j;Gt l/hfn— hf]/kf6L, sf7df8f} + ÷ 

>L k'?iff]Qd a:g]t— l;kmn, sf7df8f} + ÷ 8f= >L zf]ef kf]v/]n— ;fg]kf, 

nlntk'/ ÷ >L Pn=aL= If]qL— s}nfzgu/, e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf— !#, 

lrtjg ÷ >L kjg cfnf]s— sflnsfdfu{, l8NnLahf/, sf7df8f} + ÷ >L 

lzjk|sfz— af]:6g, cd]l/sf ÷ >L kf]if/d0f rfkfufO{— lbª\nf, gfuL, 

ef]hk'/ . 

♣♦♥♠ 

4 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

+ 

sf7df8f} +af6 kmj{m“bfsf] emf]nf 

;fDa 9sfn 

cfFvf rxlsnf] kfb{ } dnfO{ s'l//x]sL jfdfª\uL 

d ev{/} sf7df8f} +af6 kms{bfF af]s]sf] emf]nf 

xtf/n] xftdf lnFb} b}nfsf] 7]nfaf6 leq l5/fpFl5g\ . 

sf7df8f} + hfFbf emf]nfdf pgn] 

gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq 

hflu/sf] kl/rokq 

k9\g /fhwfgL l5/]sf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ …s]xLÚ 

d]/f ck|sflzt sljtfsf cd's yfg lrs{6fx¿ 

lgoldt cf}ifwLsf s]xL dfqf 

r:df /fVg] vf]n / Psfw hf]/ nfpg] k]mg] { n'ufkmf6f 

cF, gk9]sf :jgfdwGo n]vssf k':ts klg 

vfFlblbPsL lyOg\ . 

d}n] sf7df8f} + k'Ug] lalQs} ;a} vGofPF — 

s]jn gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq÷kl/ro kq÷k9\g afFsL lstfa 

cGodg:s dg / lylu|Psf ;+ut÷lj;+ut ljrf/sf s]xL yfsx¿ afx]s . 

kms{ +g' t 5Fb}Yof]— 

kms+ {gnfO{ emf]nfdf af]s] 

tfQftf] lstfa -hf] ev{/} 5flkP/ n]vsnfO{ …;]lna] |6LÚ agfO/x]sf] lyof]_ 

d]/f] 7fFpdf ck|fKo s]xL klqsfx¿ 

cf}ifwL t ev{/} ;lsPsf] lyof] s'/} ePg 

d}nf n'ufsf kf]sf 

lbdfudf ;DkfbsHo"sf] ux| Fuf] ' cfZjf;gsf] wª\wª\L . 

km';{b ldNg] lalQs} >LdtL emf]nf s]nfpg yflN5g\ — 

d}nf g d}nf n'uf 

sf]7fdf /fVg] 7fFp gx' Fbf klg yGSofpg' kg] { lstfa / klqsfsf 8ª\u'/ 

r' Fl8Psf] lkmQfo'St /ª\ pl8;s]sf] emf]nfleqsf] 

vfnLkgÒ Ò Ò Ò. 

♣♦♥♠ 

5 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

emngfyeGbf klg sfnf w]/} 5g\ 

r8\sg lbg' kg] { ufnf w]/} 5g\ . 

hf]luP/ rNg" x} b]jLk|;fbx¿ 

x/f}6] / e/f}6]sf efnf w]/} 5g\ . 

lhGbuL ;fFRr} gu'8\g] /]n /x]5 

cb\e"t, ljlrqtfsf] v]n/x]5 . 

r8\sg 

If]qk|tfk clwsf/L 

slxn] k'mN5 of] k"mnaf/L ca 

ljiffn' dfs'/Lsf hfnf w]/} 5g\ . 

g]tfsf cfFvf t vf]Nof} b]jLhL 

cem} vf]Ng'kg] { tfnf w]/} 5g\ . 

yf]/} ;k"t s/fP/ s] g} x'G5 / 

of] b]zdf ljb]zLsf ;fnf w]/} 5g\ . 

♣♦♥♠ 

uhn 

lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x 

;'v / b'Mvsf] of] e' Fd/Ldf 

lhGbuL t kf; / k]mn /x]5 . 

htftt} sfdrf]/x¿ b]Vtf 

;'Gb/ eljio t vx/] e]n /x]5 . 

cfˆgf] dfq emf]nL e/]sf] b]Vtf 

of] ;fdflhs kl/j]z a]d]n /x]5 . 

;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg]x¿sf nflu 

lhGbuL cGt/cfTdfsf] d]n /x]5 . 

♣♦♥♠ 

6 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

k"0f{lj/fd 

z/b rGb| zfxf 

d]/f] 5tdflysf] zLtsf yf]kf la:tf/} tKs]gL e} emg{ yfn] 

;'gf}nf] laxfgLdf /lrPsf slNkPsf syfx¿ la:tf/} dg{ yfn] 

;don] ubf] {/x]5 ck|Toflzt t/ la:tf/} kl/jt{g 

x]bf{ x]b} { d]/f] lxdfndf klg 36\b} uO/x]5 lxd jt{g 

d]/f] dfof hlt 6f9f eP klg hlt k|of; u/] klg 

slt 6f9f hfg ;Sg] Ifdtf xf]nf x]b} {5' d klg 

kl/jlt{t ;+;f/ Joj:yf cj:yf k|of; gofF 

slt lbg /xnf / d'6'sf] dfoflagfsf] k|of]u oxfF 

cfpm dfof kms] {/ cfpm :yfg 5Fb}5 ;'/lIft 

l;kfxL nufO{ c¿nfO{ leq k:g aGb cf/lIft 

km]l/ /+ufpnf lxdfnnfO{ ?kf}nf] /ftf] /+un] 

km]l/ n]vf} +nf pkGof; ;dfh xNnfpg] gofF 9+un] . 

♣♦♥♠ 

uhn 

ljof]uL a'9fyf]sL 

lxF8\b} u/]sf] af6f] crfgs x/fPkl5 

rf]/ efu]sf]5 l5d]sL s/fPkl5 

e'Sg 5f]8\b}g 6f]Sg klg a]/ nfpFb}g 

s's'/b]lv dflg; cfk} Fm 8/fPkl5 

oqf] 7"nf] aflN6g s;/L el/P5 

b"w a9\5 k]6 el/g] u/L r/fPkl5 

cfuf] xf] cfuf]n] kf]N5 eGg] hfGbfhfGb} 

af; kfOFb}g l/;df 3/ hnfPkl5 

5xf/L ;':tfpgsf nflu x'GYof] 

sxfF /xG5 zLtn ¿v 9nfPkl5 

♣♦♥♠ 

7 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

cfFvf lrDn]/ x]l//xF ] d}n] 

tL gt{sL w'gx¿nfO{ . 

lkofgf] jfbs 

;GhLj /fO{ 

lkofgf]sf ;'dw'/ w"gx¿ 

ltd|f] cf} Fnf ;dft]/ 

dGb|;Ktssf] km]bLaf6 

la:tf/} la:tf/} 

tf/;Ktssf] ;'/Do psfnf] r9\b} lyP . 

s:t/L sfFDy] /f]df~rn] 

lkofgf]sf tL of}jgf /L8x¿ 

cfkm\gf] ;jf+ {uel/ 

ltd|f bIf cfF }nfx¿sf] snfTds :kz{ kfP/ . 

xNsf atf;sf] d~rdf 

a8f] nobf/ g[To k|:t't ul//x]sL 

cfkm} +df lgdUg 

Pp6L s'zn g[Tougf KJffFv h:t} 

pd+un] gflr/x]sf w'gx¿ 

cfFvf lrDn]/ x]l//xF ] d}n] 

tf/;Ktssf] lzv/df s]xL a]/ gflr;s] kl5 

km]l/ ltdLn] cf]/fNof} pgLx¿nfO{ 

To;/L g} k| ]dk"j{s dGb|;Ktssf] km]bLdf 

clg lj>fd lnof} . 

cf/f]x / cj/f]xsf] 3gf h+undf 

no / tfnsf] s7f]/ tk:ofåf/f k|fKt 

df]Ifsf] k/d cfgGbn] 

k|lbKt lyof] ltd|f] d'xf/ . 

cf] lk|o lkofgf] afbs Û 

cf] ;+uLtsf ;Rrf ;fws Û 

b[li6 laxLg eP/ s] ef] t < 

cf}nfd} 5g\ 

;+uLt x]g] { cfFvfx¿ ltd|f .. 

♣♦♥♠ 

8 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

æ;gfvt / c? syfx?ÆDff u0ftGqsf] lg?k0f 

/d]z uf]vf{nL 

jL/u+h, xfn M kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;, /fhgLltzf:q lzIf0f ;ldlt, nlntk'/ 

hg;fdfGon] cNkljsl;t /fi6«df hLjgk/s ljljw ;d:of / ;+s6nfO{ lgoldt 

¿kdf ;/n/]vLo 9+udf a]xf]g' { kg] { l:ylt c;Xo /x]sf] 5 . o:tf ;Gbe{n] gful/ssf] 

hLjglbzf :jfg's"n lsl;dn] cufl8 ga9\g] lglZrt 5 . hg;d:ofsf] klxrfg / 

;dfwfgsf nflu /fHok|0ffnLsf] qmlds cGtlj{sf; ePsf] xf] . j:t'tM of}6f d'n's 5 

bzs nfdf] cj/f]xcf/f]xn] P]ltxfl;s nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :j¿kdf 9flnP klg 

afXofGtl/s cGt{åGb / ;+qmd0fdf ?dlnPsf] b'Mvb l:ylt 5 . o;nfO{ ;a}hgf 

ldn]/ klxNofpg' ckl/xfo{ 5 . h8wdL{ lrGtg / ;Lldt dfG5]sf] j}olQms dly+undf 

cGt/ljsl;t ¿l9jfbn] hLjgaf]w Pj+ /fhg}lts kl/jt{g s;/L w'ldn x'g k'Ub5 

To;sf] :ki6 cle/]vfs+g g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] kl/kf7af6 x'G5 . /fhg}lts kl/jt{g 

/ o'uaf]wn] k4ltk/s cTofjZos l:y/tf lbg g;Sbf x'g] cfTdkL8fnfO{ g]kfnL 

hgtfn] ef]lu/x]sf] b]lvG5 . /fhgLlt / k4ltsf] :yfloTj Pj+ ;'Joj:yfkg gx' Fbf 

s:tf] ;+j}wflgs qf;bL pTkGg x'G5 To;sf] ljZjhLjgsf] pbfx/0f g]kfn /fHo xf] . 

hgOR5f jf nf]s;Ddltsf] cfwf/df aGg' kg] { ;Qf;+s]Gb|sf] k|;+udf g]kfnLe"ld 

k|f/Deb]lv r'Sb} cfPsf] Oltxf; 5 . w/ftnLo oyfy{, e"–/fhgLlts kIf / e"–;f+:s[lts 

b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn cjl:ylt ePsf] d'n'ssf] ;femf dGyg 7xl/G5— ;dfj]zL ;b\efjsf] 

cefj / OdfGbf/ /fi6«jfbL s"6gLlt1sf] sdL . sfof{ +u, Joj:yf+u, Gofof+u, ;]gf+u, 

ax'ntf, lgjf{rg, hg;dy{g, dfgjflwsf/ / kf/Dkl/s ljz]iftfh:tf sltko ;+:yfut 

;Gbe{n] ;';lHht eP/ cNkljsl;t b]zsf] /fhg}lts Pj+ j}wflgs l:ylt cufl8 

a9\g' kg] {df g]kfndf cfˆgf] ;dodf b'ef{Uojz Tof] l7s ¿kdf cu|ufdL x'g gkfPsf] 

b]lvG5 . ;do ;dosf ;fdGtL lrGtg, /fhsLo kblnK;f tyf cGt/afXo rnv]nn] 

g]kfnL /fhgLlt ljrlnt /lxcfPsf] oyfy{ xf] . 

ljj]sL ;|i6f cfˆgf] l;h{gfdf a9L cflQg'df sltko ;fdfGo / ;kf6 s'/fx¿ 

Aff+luP/ d'n's e|i6Ls/0fsf] k/fsfi7fdf k'u]sf] b]lvgfn] xf] . ljZj:t/Lo ;'ema'em 

ePsf s]xL g]tf ljutdf o; wtL{sf] /fhg}lts lIflthdf b]lvP klg nf]efgL / 

kfkfgLdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿sf] ;+Vof ljzfn ePsf]n] s:t} /fhg}lts km8\sf]n] nfe 

gePsf] :ki6 5 . cfˆgf] ;ftf} + syfs[lt æ;gfvt / c¿ syfx¿Æ Dff g]kfnL /fli6«o 

/fhgLltsf] plåUg, ljlIfKt / lbzfxLg ;Qfrl/qnfO{ efpkGyLn] u+eL/ ¿k/]vfdf 

k|i6ØfPsf 5g\ . JotLt ;dodf o:tf] ljifoj:t' c¿af6 w]/yf]/ g;f]lrPsf] / 

gn]lvPsf] h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . ;':yflkt JolQmTjsf] dflemPsf] sndn] lg;[t x'gfn] 

;+a4 ;+ufnf]sf k|To]s ;fgf / 7"nf /rgf cl:tTjjfbL lj;+ultjfbL b[li6n] k7gLo 

Pj+ ljZn]io /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;+jt\ @))& sf] o'ufGtsf/L hgqmflGtdf ;d'lbt 

/fhg}lts uGtJo ;ftf} + bzsfGt jl/kl/sf] ljz]if df]8 / nf]stf+lqs u0ftGqsf] 

;do;Ldfdf cfOk'Ubf qmlds ¿kdf sdhf]/ Pj+ cljZj;gLo ag]sf] oyfy{ xf] . 

j[xt\ /fhg}lts cfofddf km}lnP/ / pbf+luP/ hgtf / g]tfsf] ;"rgfTds l;h{gf 

sf]l/Psfn] ;h{ssf] k|of; ;/fxgLo b]lvG5 . kf/Dkl/s zf;gtGq / nf]stflGqs 

9 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

u0ftGqdf b[li6ut ultljlwnfO{ ;h{sn] cfˆgf] sfo{kLl7sf -;]l6+u_ agfPsf] kfOG5 . 

nf]stflGqs cGt/ljsf; / cfr/0fsf] ;f6f] Psn ;§f Pj+ clwgfosjfbL ;f]r 

gknfcf];\ egL logn] ;ts{tf ckgfPsf] e]l6G5 . åGbfTds ef}ltstfjfbL ;+;f/df 

;Qfrqm / ;Qf;fem]bf/L kl/jlt{t eO/xg] x'gfn] c¿nfO{ cf/f]lkt ug] {n] cfkm" 

clnKt /x]sf] gd"gf k]z ug' { kg] { 7x/ syfsf/sf] 5 . ;du|tM c¿sf] clek|fok| ]l/t 

;"rsf+s kf/bzL{ x'G5 . k|To]sn] PskIfLo bafafTds / lgif]wfTds ¿kdf cl3 a9\g] 

sfo{sf}znnfO{ ;dfsng u/L cGt{lj/f]w x6fpg' kg] { k/fdz{ syfsfl/tfdf ;h{ssf] 

5 . /fhg}lts kl/kf6L / /fhg}ltsbz{gsf] ;xhLs/0fsf] nflu cfˆgf] l;h{gfdf 

logL sl;P/ 3f]lTnPsf 5g\ . 

;+ufnf]sf] k|yd /rgf æxhfd / a"9f]Ædf Pshgf j[4 clws[t / tGg]/L s]zst{ssf] 

dfWodn] Ps csf{sf] låkIfLo hLjg, åGbsfnsf] xToflx+;fo'Qm /fli6«o jftfj/0f / 

;dfhdf df}nfPsf] ;fDk|bflos k|b"if0fnfO{ k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 . db];L;dfhsf o'js 

/fdljnf;sf] ufpFdf ;fg}df lax] ePklg uf}gf -lå/fudg_ ePsf] 5}g . /fd|f] cfocfh{g 

/ ;'v;'ljwfsf] ljZjf; geP;Dd ;;'/f 5f]/L ljbf ug{ /fhL 5}gg\ tyf cyf] {Ggltsf] 

nflu HjfOFnfO{ logL c?em+ } æstf/Æ hfg] ;Nnfx lbb} + 5g\ . t/fO{nL / kj{tLo kl/j]zsf] 

b'ef{jsf] ;fgf] t:jL/ o:tf] 5— ækxf8L / dw];LÆ eg]/ rsf{rsL{ kl//x]5 . of] s:tf] 

/f]u k:of] eg]/ ;a} x}/fg 5g\ . kfl/sfn] cfuf] emf];]sf x'g\ klg eG5g\Æ k[–# . 

cfif{, cfo{, ldl>tcfo{ / cfo] {t/ k/Dk/fdf ljsl;t g]kfnL j0f{Joj:yfsf] >]i7 

hflt;DaGwL ;fgf] pbfx/0f o:tf] e]l6G5 syfgsdf— æ/fhg}lts bnsf / qmflGtsf] 

;a} g]tf klg afx'g} 5g\ . afx'g gx'g] xf] eg] ufF; l5b} {g, Tof] eP klg afx'gnfO{ 

ufnL ug{ kl5 kb} {gg\Æ k[–$ . xhfdsf] u|fxssf tLghgf 5f]/f a]lNhod, cd]l/sf / 

blIf0f sf]l/ofdf 5g\ . cleefjs a"9fa"9LnfO{ Ps5fs ;'lj:tfk"j{s vfgsf] ;d:of 

geP klg k|fb]lzs dte]b / ;+qmd0fn] cjsfzk|fKt j[ [4 kbflwsf/L cTolws lvGg 

5g\ . æhfg] stf xf]

cfly{s ;fdYo{ lagf lghfTds JolQmTj gx'g] sYo o;df cYof{OPsf] 5 . ;do 

r'Sg] dfG5]sf] kL8faf]w lgisif{df e]l6G5 . ælaxfgLljxLg /ftÆ df åGbu|:t ;dodf 

l;ls:t cfdfnfO{ e]6\g Pshgf JolQm df]km;nsf] lhNnflt/ nfu]sf] x'G5 a;df . 

;xofqL gfossL j[4f cfdf klg la/fdL l5g\ / logL :jo+ hGdbfqLsf] bz{g ug{ 

xtfl/Psf 5g\ . ljutsf] sl7gsfndf ddtfsL vfgL dft[5ljsf] clGtd e]6 ug{ 

;d]t\ gful/shLjg j+lrt /x]sf] ljifd kl/l:ylt cleJo+lht 5 . ofqf/t cj:yfdf 

;fd"lxs l:ylt h:tf] xf];\ k|To]snfO{ k]zfut / JolQmut :jfy{ Kof/f] x'g] s'/fsf] 

b[i6fGt o:tf] 5— æa; cf/fdn] u'l8/x]sf] lyof] . a;sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ gf:tf vfg' 

klg lyof] . ofqLx¿ 8/n] a9L ef]sfPsf lyP . gf}la;]kl5 aLrdf Ps 7fpF a; /f]lsof] . 

ToxfF ofqLx¿ Vffhf v'jfpg] gfddf n'l6P . 5]j}af6 ljsf;] s'v'/fx¿sf] ;'nLsf] 8'Ë8'ËtL 

ugfpg] uGw cfO/x]sf] lyof] . a;sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ o:tf] ugfpg] 7fpFdf g} a; lsg 

/f]Sg' k¥of] eg]/ s;}n] ;f]w]g . vfhf3/sf] sld;g tu8f lyof] xf]nfÆ k[–@% . 

o;}k|sf/ æ6fpsf]df c8\s]sf] uf]nLÆdf lx+;s åGbsfndf lz/df c8\s]sf] a'n]6 

lnP/ nfdf] ;do;Dd dgf]b}lxs b[li6n] zjt'No hLjg u'hfg] { t]hl;+xsf] syf 5 . 

gfO6a;sf ofqLsf] ¿kdf efn'jfªsf] /fktLk'n ;dLk:y eL8Gtdf plR5l§Psf] 

uf]nL nfu]/ hLljt nf; ag]sf Pshgf k'/fgf ljBfyL{ / klxn]sf s08S6/ Pj+ 

nf]sdfu{sf] rNtLsf] ahf/sf] :6fkm xf]6]nsf PSnf] dflns dgaxfb'/sf] bf]xf]/f] 

s'/fsfgLn] ck|Toflzt d[To'b[Zo k|li6G5 . h"7f]xft w'g] wf/flgs6 n8\bf l;+xsf] lz/ 

af6 lg:s]sf] /ut / kLkldl>t a'n]6sf] uf]nLn] ljDak|tLssf ¿kdf cle3ft 

;lGglxt /rgfsf] pkNnf] dfld{stfnfO{ ;"lrt ub{5 . >'ltljDa;"rs s7f]/ efj 

o:tf] 5— æs:sf] aGb"ssf] xf] of] uf]nL < ;]gfsf] xf] ls 5fkfdf/sf] < s:tf] o'4sf] 

k|ltkmn xf] of]

} 

klg . of] vf;f k|HHjngzLn zAbfjnL lyof], c¿ hftsf dfG5]nfO{ e8\sfpg . v;, 

blnt, hghflt, g]jf/, du/, td', ysfnL, /fO{, lnDa', z]kf{, yf¿ s] xf} < of] b]zdf ca 

dfG5] a:b}gg, hft dfq a:5Æ k[–$( . 

ælxGb", af}4, l;Sv, d'l:nd / O;fO{ nufot\ ljljw hflt Pj+ ;Dk|bfosf] ;"qa4 

;femf km"naf/Lsf] cDnfg ;f+:s[ltsdfnf kf/:kl/s b'ef{jn] lsg cf]Onfpb} F 5 

To;sf] dfld{s oyfy{ /rgfsf] cGt/j:t'df kfOG5 . æclk|ndf of}6f d/0fÆdf 

Pshgf dfgjtfjfbL k|a'4 kqsf/ / åGbfjlwdf ;xfbt k|fKt ug] { l/S;f dhb"/sf] 

ljtsfnLg ;x;+aGwdf k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . r/d u/LaLsf] ef;df k/]sf] lgDg 

x}l;otsf] dfG5] j}olQms ljsf; / cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu lj:tf/} sltko u'Kt 

;+u7g / e"ldut qmflGtbndf ;lDdlnt x'g' k5fl8sf] oyfy{nfO{ oxfF ljj]rg 

ul/Psf] 5 . To; k[i6e"ldsf] cg]s lsl;dsf] ;dfhfly{s afWotfsf] emns 5 

sygdf . tL s'/f o:tf egfOn] v'N5g\— æg]tfx¿n] Ps lsl;dn] n'l6/x]sf 5g\ 

eg]] xfdLn] klg cfˆgf] lx:;f n'l6/xsf]5f}+ . xfd+ |f ;a} c:tJo:ttf ul/aLs} sf/0f 

x'g\ eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 clxn] klgÆ k[–%( . 

efpkGyL, g};lu{s cfTd;Qf ePsf ;h{s x'g\ eGg] s'/f logn] k|:km'l6t 

syfk/s ljleGg tTjn] ;Demfpg] ub{5 . g]kfnLx¿ aLr /x]sf] ef}uf]lns j}ljWosf] 

ctLtsfnLg ;'dw'/tf sfnqmdftM wldlnPsf] ;a}n] b]v]sf 5g\ . ax'k|hflt, wd{, 

;+:s[lt, efiff, ;Dk|bfo / hflt ePsf] ;lDdl>t ynf] g]kfnLe"lddf ;+jt\ @)^# sf] 

j;Gtljb|f]x kZrft\ k"j{jtL{ ;b\efjn] sf]N6] km]/]sf] / ;f+:s[lts b'lg{olt a9]sf] 

oyfy{ xf] . ;+If]ktof g]kfnLsf] o'uk/s cjgltdf zf;sLo kIf bf]ifL /x]sf x'g\ . 

;fy} cy{–/fhg}lts hl6ntf / afXofGtl/s rnv]n klg o; k|;+udf cToGt 

ljZn]if0fLo /x]sf] 5 . ztflAbof} + / ;x:qflAbof} +b]lv g]kfnL ;dfh ljljw lsl;dsf] 

;fdGtLtGqn] k|kLl8t /x]sf]df s'g} b'ljwf 5}g . sltko ljZn]ifs / lrGtssf] 

PskIfLo cledt 5— æljzfn If]qLo zlQmn] r]lkPsfn] o;sf] b"/ufdL / k|efjzfnL 

k|ult gePsf] xf] .Æ ljZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfnsf] bL3f{jlws cwf]ultdf ;'?b]lv ;Qfn'Aw 

zlQm / ltgsf] s'l6ngLlt sf/s b]lvG5g\ . ljz]iftof cle3ftsf] l;h{gf -6«d]l6s 

ln6/]r/_sf] p7fg, lj:tf/0f / j:t'tfdf gsf/fTds pkqmdsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . 

g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf k/Dk/fjfb, cfw'lgstfjfb / dWodfuL{wf/ k|f/Deb]lv 

lg0ff{os /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+;bjfb / dfcf]jfbsf] j}rfl/s leGgtf / wf/0ff o;}sf 

sfnqmlds gjLg cGt{af]w x'g\ . ;+jt\ @)%@ b]lv ;+rflnt ljb|f]xL / /fHokIfsf] 

lx+;fTds åGb / o'4hGo l:ylt g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] ;jf{lws ljrf/0fLo Pj+ cWoogLo 

kf6f] xf] . cfd"n kl/jt{g / k[Yfs j}rfl/s cfwf/ -;]k/]6 cfo8nhLsn a];_ lgdf{0f 

ug{ nfnflot Pp6f gjLg dtsf hdftsf] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«df hGd]sf ljleGg 

r'gf}tL -Rofn]Gh];_ ;h{ssf] syfwld{tfdf 5 . syfTds cGt/j:t' / cjnDagsf] 

cfˆgf] df}lnstf eP klg g]kfnL Ps cfk;df n8\bf le8\bf oyfy{tof aL;f} + xhf/ 

dfG5]sf] cfTdf]T;u{ / vaf+ {v/a ;Dkbfsf] cs"t gf]S;fgL afx]s cyf] {s gePsf] 

b]lvof] . j:t'jfb, zlQmjfb / a'l4jfbsf] lqcfoflds d"NojQfdf /fhgLltjfbsf] 

;Qf cfwfl/t 5 . d"ntM w]/yf]/ ;a}nfO{ rflxPsf] cfwf/k/s cfjZostf kb, k};f 

/ k|lti7f xf] . ToxfF k'Ug k|To]snfO{ cft'/L eP klg sltkosf] Jou|tf cfnf]Ro 5 . 

t/n ;dfj]lztf / ;LdfGtjflbtfsf] k|j[lQut c:ki6 s'¿ktf cgfjZos blz{g] 

12 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

o'4f]Gdfb Pj+ wgf]Gdfb eGbf sd TofHo 5}g . zlQm v's'/Lsf] wf/, aGb'ssf] uf]nL, 

adsf] lj:kmf]6g / z:qf:qaf6 k|fb'e" {t x'G5 eGb} Psy/LnfO{ ;b}j gf+uf] zlQm -g]s]8 

kfj/_ lk|o /x]sf] y'k| }n] b]v]sf / ef]u]sf 5g\ . oyfl:ylt / kl/jt{gsf] u+eL/ /8fsf] 

o:t} l:yltdf a9L rls{g] ub{5 . ;jf{ËL0f / ax'kIfLo b[li6n] of}6f /fi6«sf] åGbu|:t 

sfnv08sf] lgDg / dWodjuL{o t:jL/nfO{ efpkGyLn] cb\e"t lsl;dn] lvr]sf 5g\ 

tyf ltgdf logL ;Ifd 5g\ . df/sf6, /Qmkft / xTof/f dfxf}n gyfldg] kl/sNkgfåf/f 

tLtf] / 6/f] { e"tsfnLg /fhg}lts cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . 

/f0ffzfxL lj?4sf] ;z:qqmflGt / /fhzfxLsfnsf] hgljb|f]xn] ;[lht ;Qfk/s 

kf/:kl/s cl:y/ åGbsf] hLjGt / k| ]/s zAblrq xf]— k|:t't syfsfl/tfsf] ljifoj:t' . 

sf]zL, ldlynf, jfudtL, u08sL, y?x6 / s0ff{nLh:tf hftLo tyf ef}uf]lns 

b[li6n] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf; ePsf] t/fO{, kxf8 Pj+ lxdfnsf] cljlR5Gg g]kfnL e"efudf 

hDhdfPsf] cfjlws lx+;fsf cg]sfg]s b[ZoljDa syfx¿df 5g\ . h;n] k|To]s 

b]zeQm / :jfledfgL g]kfnLnfO{ lrlGtt t'Nofpg] ub{5 . cfˆgf] l;h{gfåf/f ;h{sn] 

o'4 s] sf] nflu, s;sf] nflu / s;sf] aLr eof] eGg] o'4jfbL oIfk|Zgsf] e'd/Ldf 

;a}nfO{ cfs07 8'afPsf 5g\ . d'n'ssf] s] x'g] xf] / d'n's stflt/ hfFb} 5 eGg] 7"nf] 

lrGtf ;h{sh:tf] ljåfg\ JolQmnfO{ x'g' :jfefljs xf] . /fHozlQm, hgtfsf] ;+/Ifssf] 

¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . /fHo ;+oGqsf] ljleGg PsfO / lgsfodf ;dGjo / ;dfof]hg 

gx' Fbf ToxfF cg]s b'a{ntf x'ls{g k'Ub5 . ;/sf/ / ;QfnfO{ d"t{ / ;fy{s t'Nofpg] 

sfo{ dfgjLo kl/rfngn] ub{5 . ;+qmd0fsfnLg l:yltdf /fHok|0ffnLdf y'k| } s'/fsf] 

tfnd]n / ;'of]u /xb} +g . k|To]s ;+:yf / ;+/rgfsf] ljrng / t/ntfn] cfˆg} 

lsl;dsf] cj/f]w yKg] ub{5 . o:tf] ;dodf j:t'ut / j[Qut¿kdf k|To]s JolQmn] 

cf–cfˆgf] ;lqmotf a9fpg' k5{ . kfqx¿n] efUodf ljZjf; ug' {, uf8L lgwf{l/t :yfgdf 

k'Ug g;Sbf To;nfO{ lgolt 7fGg', kLl8tk|lt s;}sf] jf:tf gx'g' / nf]sdfu{ -xfOj]_ sf] 

ef]hgfnodf vfg]s'/fsf] gfpFdf u|fxs n'l6g' h:tf sltko ;doljDan] lg/Lx k|zf;gtGqsf] 

oyfy{ v'Nb5 . hl6n ;do, k]lrnf] d'2f / eofjx ;+qmd0fsfn b]z;lxt l;l4g] xf]ls egL 

;h{s cflQg'sf] dd{nfO{ ;'lwhgn] PskN6 uDg' cfjZos 5 . 

o;} qmdsf] æ;gfvtÆ df ;z:q åGbsfnsf cgj/t dfgjLo vf]h / dfld{s 

36gf 5g\ . dfG5] dg' { / dfl/g'sf] lx;falstfa lg/y{s ePsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f 

ul/Psf] 5 . 5fkfdf/ / ;z:q ansf] lx+;s le8Gtdf 1ft / cNk1ft ¿kdf 

a]jfl/;] dfG5]sf] d[To' x' Fbf tL s;/L hghLjgdf k|li6G5g\ . To;sf] clesyg o;df 

5 . oL k+lQmn] ;doqf;bLnfO{ emNsfpg] ub{5— ænf; x]bf{ cToGt ;'wf] h:tf] JolQm 

nfUbYof] t/ dfG5] lhpFbf] 5bfF hlt;'s} qm"/, w"t{ / sk6L eP klg d/]kl5 ;'wf] / 

;fw' k|s[ltsf] b]lvFbf] xf] . OG:k]S6/n] ljrf/ axlsPsf]df 6fpsf] em8\sf¥of] / ljrf/ 

nfO{ k'lnl;of 6«Øfsdf Nofof] .Æ k[–^% . 

æleq leq} a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿ ca o; ;+;f/df 5}gg\, s'g vf]nfsf] au/df 

k'l/P jf ;fd"lxs ¿kdf Pp6} lrtfdf hnfOP cyjf Pp6} lrxfgdf ufl8P eGg] 

oyfy{sf] kL8f ef]Ub}Ò Ò æcfFvfdf cfF;' el/Psf]n] xf] ls rsf] { 3fdsf] lt/ld/n] xf] 

p;n] cufl8sf] b[Zo ;kmfl;t b]Vg ;ls/x]sf] lyPg t}klg cfˆgf kfOnf cufl8 

a9fof]Æ k[–&! . æcGTo to ePsf] syfÆdf k|of]ur]t / gf6sLo 9+un] ;"qfTds 

clesYo / ltgsf] ;f/f+znfO{ l6lkPsf] 5 . Pshgf :jR5Gb j[4sf] lbgrof{ / 

13 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

cle?lrnfO{ ;h{sn] cfTdfnfkfTds 9+udf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . tg j[4 ePklg 

t?gLx¿sf] x"ndf /dfP/ a:g] kflQPsf kfq;DaGwL cGj]if0f / dgf]ljZn]if0f 5 

oxfF . sYosf] pTsif{n] ;+s]t u5{— ækfunkg lagf n]vg ;+ej 5}g . cflv/ n]vs 

kf7ssf] xftsf] v]nf}gf g xf] . rfx] h:tf] /rgf k9\g gkfP/ ;dfnf]rs pRr /Qmrfk 

kLl8t klg x'g] u5{g\ . ;flxTodf ;dfnf]rssf] dflkmoflu/L rn]s} 5Æ k[–&@ . k|s[tjfbL 

t[i0ffn] s'Ts'ltPsf j[4sf] cg'efj o; /rgfdf 5 . zx/sf] df]8 / eL8df k|li6g] 

z/L/ lzlyn eP klg cjlzi6 sfdgfx¿ ePsf / lsnf]em} + Ps} 7fpFdf ufl8Psf] 

g?rfpg] JolQmsf] /fufTds r]i6f kfOG5 syfsfl/tfdf . æcGttM slj dfl/of]Ædf 

k|To]sn] ;f]Rg' / Wofg lbg' kg] { ljlzi6 syg / j:t'jfb 5 . sljtf ;f]Rg] slj qm"/ 

/ ljv08gsf/L ;dosf] lj?4 n]Vgfn] dfl/of] eGg] tYo kfOG5 syfdf . åGbsfnsf] 

lk|otf, s7f]/tf / rf6'sfl/tfsf] k|d'v ljifonfO{ 5n{ +u kfg] { of] cAan bhf{sf] /rgf 

xf] . Pshgf slj / a'l4hLjL ljb|f]xL kIfsf] cfFvfsf] sl;+u/ aGg'df s'g l:ylt bf]ifL 

5 To;nfO{ ;+lZni6 kf/fdf ;h{sn] a'emfPsf 5g\ . ;h{ssf] efjaf]w 5— æxTof/fx¿ 

Kflg af7f 5g\ . /fhgLltsf] ck/fwLs/0f eP/ s] ef] t < bnx¿ Kflg eljiosf] ;f]r 

u/]/ xTof/f kfNg ljjz 5g\ . Psbnn] ;+/If0f lbPg eg] xTof/fx¿ Tof] bn 5f]8]/ 

csf] { bnlt/ hfg klg ;S5g\ . 

cfTdfsf] zflGtsf] sfdgf ug' { afx]s c¿ cf}krfl/stf s]xL afFsL klg 5}g oBlk 

sljsf] cfTdf s:tf] oftgfdf 5, Tof] x]g{ afFsL g} 5 .Æ k[–(( . ædnfdL M ljlgdf{0fÆdf 

af}l4s If]qsf] ;}4flGts / nfIfl0fs gjLgtfk|lt ;a}sf] cf–cfˆgf] pT;'stf x'G5 . 

o'u;fk]If bz{gnfO{ cg'zLng ubf{ k|To]s ;|i6f, kfq / kf7snfO{ k|ToIftM nfe 

x'G5 . s[ltsf/ / k'/fgfkfqsf] :j}/sNkgfTds dte]b l;h{gf u/]/ ;h{sn] 

k|of]usfl/tfsf] dxQfnfO{ l;4 u/]sf] e]l6G5 . cfw'lgsf]Gd'v dfG5]sf] ljvl08t / 

lj3l6t cl:tTj;Qfdf ;Demf}tfsf] ljGb'nfO{ ;h{sn] klxNofPsf 5g\ . syfk/s 

bfz{lgs d"NofGj]if0f o:tf] 5— æo:t} s'g} Ps ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ ';\ / d]/f] ljlgdf{0f 

ug' {;\ ;/, lKnh . dnfO{ km]l/ cWFof/f]df gldNsfpg'; x}, d ljlgld{t x'g rfxG5', 

;dfnf]rs / kf7ssf] b[li6df r9\g rfxG5' . pm ljlgdf{0fsf] /6 nufO/x]5 / d 

p;n] eg]sf Pp6} s'/f klg a'l‰bgF . a'em]/ klg clxn]sf g]tfx¿n] h:t} hgtfsf 

;d:of ga'em] h:tf] ul//x]5' ls

k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . ljb]zdf ;}lgs k]zfdf /x]sf s]xL JolQm cfˆgf ;fyLefOl;t 

:yfgLo ufpF3/df 5f8f cfOdfO{sf] vf]hdf k|j[Q /x]sf] l:ylt æ/fgL ufpFÆ df 

cleJoQm 5 . of}g;]jL -;]S; js{/_ pQfpnLx¿sf] uf]nrSs/df k|lnKt ef]uLk'?ifsf 

cfTdk|j+rgf 5g\ o;df . j]Zofj[lQsf] cfzo / dfgjLo of}gdgf]lj1fgnfO{ k|s6 

ug] { o; syfn] syfTds d"nwf/af6 cfkm"nfO{ a]Un} ¿kdf lrGxfPsf] 5 . o;df 

cle;f/df tNnLg x' Fbf gfos ck/fwjz cfˆgL hLjg;+lugL / rfld|g] ;fgf] 5f]/f]nfO{ 

af/Daf/ ;lDem/xg] ub{5 . æPs OdfGbf/ k|hftflGqs /fhgLltsdL{sf] Oltxf;Ædf 

Pshgf TofuL /fhgLlt1 / ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbLsf] cfˆgf] /fhg}lts kf6L{af6 ePsf] 

pk]Iffsf] Jojxf/ d'vl/t 5 . o;df k|hftGqdf psfnf] nfUg' kg] { b]z emg\ emg\ 

cf]/fnf] nfUb} uPsf] l:yltdf b'Mv JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . syf+z af]N5— of] gjo'u eGg] 

zAb g} ldlt gfl3;s]sf] /x]5 . gjo'u k'/ftg o'u eGbf cem 3l6of / b]z ljWj+;s 

¿kdf e|i6 ePsf] tLtf] clxn] d'n'snfO{ eO/x]5Æ k[–!@! . 7"N7"nf 3f]6fnf, sf08, 

e|i6frf/ / sld;gsf] v]nnfO{ b]z ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df cYof{pg]sf] d'vf}6f]nfO{ ;h{sn] 

lgeL{stfk"j{s a]gsfj u/]sf] kfOG5 . æa+r/f] af]s]sf] s]6f]Ædf kf/Dkl/s /fHo 

;/sf/n] ;fdflhs Gofo, cfhLljsf / clgjfo{ d'2fdf ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sbf d'n'sdf 

cs:dft\ qmflGtwdL{ dgf]bzfsf] aLhf+s'/0f ePsf] oyfy{ k|sl6t 5 . o;df c;Ld 

ul/aLsf sf/0f sf7lr?jf >lds xs] {sf] afns 5f]/f]df 6';fPsf] ljb|f]xr]tgfsf] 

afGsL 5 . pkfVofgfTds efj o:tf 5g\— æcr]n h+un k;]sfx¿ b]zdf rrf{sf] 

lzv/df 5g\ t o; s]6f]df klg To} ;dout /fhgLltsf] k|efj b]vf k/]sf] 5 . p;n] 

h:tf] vfg nfpg wf}wf} kg] {, :s"n hfg gkfpg] cj;/xLgx¿sf] hdftdf dL7f] 

vfP/, ;'lsnf] n'uf nufP/, :s"n hfg gkfpg] hdftsf lj?4 k|rlnt lhGbfjfb / 

d'bf{jfbsf] /fhgLlteGbf leGg cs} { vfnsf] xTof / sAhfsf] cfqmds 5fkfdf/ 

/fhgLlts ljrf/sf] uef{wfg eO;s]sf] /x]5Æ k[–!@& . lstfkn] el/Psf] emf]nf af]Sg,] 

a/flnP/ lxF8\g] / a+r/f] af]Sg]h:tf s]xL afnv ;dfgfGt/ cj:yfdf ;dfhdf b]lvFbf 

kfy{So / juL{o cGofo s] xf] To;nfO{ ;h{sn] lgikIf 9+udf t]:of{Psf 5g\ . k|To]s ;;fgf 

afnaflnsfn] /fd|/L vfg gkfpFbf, k9\g gkfpFbf / l7s cf}ifwf]krf/ gkfpFbf afndl:tisdf 

;lNsg] ljb|f]xsf] cfFwLa]x/LnfO{ ;h{sn] Gofof]lrt 9+udf v'nfPsf 5g\ . 

g]kfn / g]kfnLn] ;dfg'e"t b;aif] { åGb jf hgo'4n] c:tJo:t /fli6«o kl/j]zsf] 

ljeLlifsf / :yfgLo hghLjgnfO{ ;h{sn] s'zntfk"j{s ptf/]sf] kfOG5 . ljb|f]xL / 

/fHol;t ;+alGwt ;'/IffannfO{ åGbf]Q/sf] l:yltdf k|foM u/L kIf Pj+ ljkIfsf 

¿kdf 5'6\ofOPsf] e]l6G5 . bf]>f], t]>f] cyjf cGo k"jf{u|xL hdftsf] ;gsdf s'g} 

lgbf] {ifn] Hofg u'dfPdf To;sf] klxrfg s;/L x'g] o; ;+aGwL c>'lj4 dfld{stf 5 

sltko syfdf . zLif{s syf æ;gfvtÆ n] oxL ljrf/f]Q]hs u'TyLsf] /rgfue{nfO{ 

JofVo]o 9+udf km'sfpg vf]h]sf] 5 . /fi6«n] ef]u]sf] ljb|f]xfTds x' Fsf/ g]kfnL e"–If]qsf] 

k"j{eGbf ;'b"/klZrd tyf ;d'Ggt eGbf k5f}6] / cljsl;t e"efudf a9L dlRrPsf] 

;Ldf+sg oyfy{ xf] . 5 bzs nfdf] sfnfjlwsf] g]kfnsf] k|zf;gtGq clgjfo{ ¿kdf 

Tolt r':tb'?:t /x]sf] b]lvPg / o;df cem} ;do;fk]If cfjZos bIftf ljsl;t 

gePsf] kl/l:ylt 5 . hLljt gful/ssf] k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lng ;kmn gx'g] k|zf;sLo 

;+/rgfn] s'g} c1ft / ltgsf zf]sdUg kl/jf/nfO{ lrQ a'emfpg emg\ sl7g x'g] 

sf?l0fs bofb| { oyfy{ pko' {Qm /rgfdf kfOG5 . 

15 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

ljZj;d'bfosf] af}l4stfdf 1fg / lj1fg;fk]If ljljw sf]0f / b[li6sf]0f k|li6G5g\ . 

PsTj eGbf ax'Tjdf, Pstf eGbf cg]stfdf, lgs6tf eGbf b"/tfdf / ;+of]hg eGbf 

ljv08gdf o'uhGo ;fdlos hLjgbz{g klxNofpg]sf] ;+Vof la:t[t 5 / To;}n] 

ljlgdf{0fjfbL / k'g;{ +/rgfjfbL eP/ dfgjLo cl:tTj;Qf -PlS;6]G;_ sf] ljifdtf 

a'‰g / ljZn]if0f ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{ u+eL/tfn] lg/LIf0f ug' { k5{ . ;fdflhs cGt/k|jfxdf 

gjLgtf, zf]wvf]h / k|of]uk|ltsf] cfsf+Iff tLj| /xg] ub{5 . cGt//fli6«o ;f+:s[lts 

k|rf/afhLsf] ¿kdf cfP klg lgdf{0f, k'glg{df{0f, k'gn{]vg, uf]Kotf, v'Nnfkg, 

cltcfw'lgstf / pQ/cfw'lgstf o;}sf lgoldt / gf}nf ¿k Pj+ PsfO x'g\ . afXo 

jf ;txL kl/jt{gn] cGt/j:t'df Tolt ;f/f] kl/jt{g gx'g] ePsfn] sltko zf]wfyL{ 

k"0f{ kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf lh1f;' /x]sf] e]l6G5 . kl/jt{gsf] lglDt kl/jt{g geO{ 

To;af6 of}6f ;Tj / l;l4 k|fKt xf]cf];\ egL ;h{s cfˆgf] lrGtgdf Psf]xf]l/Psf 

5g\ . pQ/cfw'lgs ljDa / gjLg hfu/0fn] ;dofg's"n ;fdy{ ldNg] oyfy{ logL 

qmlds¿kdf k|i6ofpF5g\ . ;dfgtf, ljsf; / ;d[l4n] /fli6«o kof{j/0fdf kof{ojfrL 

9+udf pTkLl8t hdftnfO{ k|f]T;fxg k|fKt x'G5 . ;fdfGotof b/f] /fhgLlt / ;dtfjfbL 

lrGtgdf an gk'u];Dd To:tf] l:ylt x'ls{g ufx«f] x'G5 . ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿df 

kl/b[Zout / w' |jLs[t :t/df Pshgf lszf]/ c;dfgtf / e]befjsf] cg'e"TofTds 

juL{o tdfzf b]Vb} k|f}9tfdf k'Ub5 . ;dofGt/df clw;+Vosn] a'‰g] lje]bLs/0f / 

ju{jfbn] pTkGg dgf]j}1flgs k|efj Pj+ vf8nnfO{ syfsf/n] cfˆgf] l;h{gfdf 

/fd|/L kl/eflift ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ . 

sd{;f}Gbo{sf] pk:yfkgdf ;+nUg JolQmsf] kl/ro æPp6f syfsf] cGToÆdf 

k|li6G5 . /fhwfgLsf] dxfgu/Lo sf]nfxndf a]/f]huf/ u|fdL0f o'jsn] cfkm"nfO{ 

s;/L hf]ufPsf] x'G5 / s:tf s:tf l:yltl;t oL 7f]lSsG5g\ To;sf] pDbf pbfx/0f 

of] /rgf xf] . kfFr ;osf] gf]6sf] Ps5]p r' F8]/ cf}ifwL lsGg pT;'s, cfFvfsf] 

df]tLljGb'u|:t / u0ftGqn] nv]l6Psf Pshgf gful/sn] k/f]IftM cGo pTkL8s 

e]§fpFbfsf cg'e"lt 5g\ sygdf . cfly{s b[li6n] lg/Lx / j}olQms s'07fdf k/]sf] 

JolQmnfO{ xfOgf hGt'sf] xfF;f]n] dgdf kfg] { kL/ / gful/shLjgsf] kf/:kl/s 

;+aGwsf] hl6ntf o;df xfdL kfpF5f} . kd{ ub} { hLjg u'hfg] { dftflktf ufpFdf :jo+ 

b'MvL /x]sf] / cfkm" a]/f]huf/Ln] otf ljlIfKt ag]sf] kl/l:ylt oyfy{df c;Xo / 

df/s /xg] ub{5 . c1ft ;+s6tkm{ ws]Ng] jt{dfgsf k|df0f oL x'g\— æd]/f] ;f]rfO 

k/flht dfG5]sf] efj'stf lyof] . jt{dfgsf] ce]B s7f]/tfdf efj'stf sfd nfUb}g . 

jt{dfgn] ;a}nfO{ c1ft ;+s6lt/ v]lb/x]sf] 5 . of] ;+s6do jt{dfgdf d lyPF / 

lyof] dnfO{ luHofpg] Tof] xfF;f]Æ k[–!$$ . ækfun ;do cyf{t\ ;doqf;Ædf 

Oltxf;sf] cWofo ag]sf] hgcfGbf]ngtfsf /fhf l;+xf;gRo't eP eGbf cTolws 

v'zL x'g] JolQm ;do 3ls{b} hfFbf cGTf/fndf cfˆgf] dgf]å]ngn] :jo+ ;+oldt Pj+ 

zfGt aGg] 36gf syfj:t'df 5 . lj/f]w, aGb, dfu, lx+;f, k|bz{g, h'n';, cfuhgL, 

d'7e]8, eL8Gt, b+uf, sˆo' { k|e[lt y'k| } c/fhstf krfP/ cu|;/ ljz]if kfq ;doqmddf 

ax'nfpg] ub{5 . kfundo ePsf] b]zsf] ;j{kIfLo rfIf'if, >'lt / ultaf]ws ljDanfO{ 

sYodf ¿kflot ug{ vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5 . 8]/fjf;L kfq b]zsf] kl/l:yltn] ;lGsP/ k'gM 

;2] x' Fbfsf ljDa oL x'g\— ævf]O eGg ;lsGg, b]zsf] xfnt o:tf] 5 . 8fS6/n] eGof] . dfgf} + 

16 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

{ 

a"9f] gax'nfP/ b]z} ax'nfPsf] 5 . pkrf/ klxn] b]zsf] ug' { kg] { ;+s]t u/] h:t} 

nfUof] pgLx¿nfO{ . w]/} ax'nfP/ klg ;2] b]lvg] dflx/x¿sf xftdf clxn] b]z 5 .Æ 

k[–!%) . æsyf aflx/÷syf leqÆdf ;nfO{sf] ;fgf] a§fdf h:t} cfuf]sf] d':nf]sf] 

cfofd y'lg/fVg] ofldgL lbbL / a"9Lcfdf h:tf b'O{j6L åGbkLl8t k|f}9 dlxnfsf 

;'vb'Mvsf] clenIf0f 5 o;df . åGbsfndf 5f]/f] u'dfO{ r/d cfly{s ;s;df kg] 

dft[x[bosf] lrq0fn] /fli6«o kof{j/0fsf] ljutsfn / :yfgLo rl/q;+aGwL y'k| } s'/fsf] 

1fg x'G5 . oL jfSodf 5g\ gf/LkL8f— æltdL ;f]R5f}, dfG5]sf] ;+3if{ syfx¿ Kflg 

o;/L g} clUguGwn] JofKt 5g\, t/ dfG5] cfˆgf kL8fj]bgf ;x]/ :jo+ v/fgL kfg] 

89]nf] geOb]cf];\Æ k[–!%* . æPp6f dfG5] kmf];fdfÆdf lx+;s åGbsf] ;dodf Pshgf 

xflsdnfO{ sfof{nod} uP/ pgsf] 5fkfdf/ elthf] /d]zn] k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] cf/f]kdf 

ad k8sfO{ ;fd'lxs ¿kdf xTof ub{5 . l;4fGt, cf:yf / /fhg}lts sd{df bLlIft 

JolQmnfO{ t/n / c;xh ;dodf xToflx+;f ;fdfGo k|tLt x'g] Pj+ gf}nf] pbfx/0f 

k|:t't ug{ ;+j]bgfz"Go eP/ cfˆgf] dfONafnfO{ dfg{ ;d]t\ kl5 gkg] { b[9tf;"rs 

syg oL x'g\— æqmflGtn] af, dfONaf, elth, 5f]/f cflbsf] klg alnbfg dfU5 eGg] p;n] 

;f]Rof] . kf6L{df qmflGtk|lt p;sf] o:tf] b[9tfn] Pp6f pbfx/0f k|:t't ug] {5 . qmflGtsf] 

nflu cfˆg} dfONafnfO{ p8fOlbof] eGg] p;nfO{ of] klg l/; p7\of], gftfjfb, kml/ofjfbn] 

of] ;dfh abgfd 5 . To; bafanfO{ klg pm lrg{ rfxGYof] .Æ k[–!^# 

:jfy{k/stf, pR5[Întf, lg0f{oxLgtf / c/fhstfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' xf] …;+s6sfnÚ . 

o;df b'?x sfnv08df b'/j:yfdf k/]sfx?sf] Åboljbf/s j:t'tYo cg'u+ 'lht 5 . 

uf]kfn, ul/df, slj / ;jf/LsdL{h:tf 6f9fsf] lhNnfsf kl/jf/ bogLo lsl;dn] 

/fhwfgLdf cnkq k/]sf 5g\ . Pshgf 5§' 6\ofS;L rfnssf] ;'gf}nf] rqmJo"xdf 

ul/df / uf]kfn cNem]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+qmd0fsfnnfO{ unt wGbfdf ;+nUg sltkon] 

:j]R5frfl/tfsf] :jl0f{dsfn 7fg]sf] l:yltnfO{ ;h{sn] d"Tof{Psf 5g\ . ljnf;L ;]7, 

/]i6«fFsf dflns Zofd, xflsdsL t?gL 5f]/L eufpg] d'Gb| ] 5ljnfn rfnL{ / rfnssf] 

lqmofJofkf/n] syfj:t'sf] s]lGb|o p2]Zo a'‰g ;lhnf] x'G5 . syfsf/ eG5g\— 

æztfAbLsf] s'/f] cfP kl5 eGg' k5{, b]z s}of} + ztfAbL;Dd 6Ø|fsdf cfpnf eGg] 

nfUb}g . ;Fw} ;+qmd0fsfndf /xg] xf]nfÆk[–!^^ . g]kfnsf] uToj/f]wk"0f{ /fhgLltsf] 

u+eL/ / ultnf] pTvgg\of]Uo cf+lzs lddf+;f o; pRrsf]l6sf] syfdf kfOG5 . 

æleqleq ps';d's';Ædf ljb]zL of]uu'? afaf /fdb]jsf] eQm /x]sf 6fpsf] xlNng] 

/f]u nfu]sf Pshgf dfG5]sf] b'v];f] 5 . dfG5]sf] j}olQms uGyg Psflt/Ù 3/, ;dfh 

/ /fi6«sf] ;fj{hlgs cGt{lj/f]w csf] {lt/ eg]em} + ub{gdf ;le{sn sn/ nufpg] 

la/fdL k|f}9sf] lqmofsnfkn] /fli6«o 5lj / cg]sfyL{ c:tJo:ttf hfFRg vf]lHfPsf] 

5 . tLgk':t] cGt{;+aGw / dgf]åGbnfO{ ;+If]kfjnf]sg u/L ;+a4sf] b'ljwfdf Wofg 

s]lGb|t 5 . e|i6Ls/0f / sk6j[lQsf] r"8fGtdf k'u]sfsf] k|tLsfTds 9+udf ;h{sn] 

/x:of]b3f6g u/]sf] e]l6G5 . ljrf/0fLo c+z o:tf 5g\— æ3'; cyjf e|i6frf/sf] 

lj/f]wdf lbg/ft hlt s'/f u/] klg l;l4g] t xf]Og . of] b|f}kbLsf] rL/em} + 5 . 

sf}/jx¿ b|f}kbL gUg eP/ a]OHht ePsf] nfOe ;f] x]g{ cft'/ 5g\ t/ rL/ 5 ls 

vtd} x' Fb}g . cr]nsf hgtf sf}/j x'g\, a'l4 5}g .Æ k[–!&^ . 

17 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

æg]tfx¿sf] emu8fn] b]z s:tf] PlS;8]06df kg] { xf], slthgf cSs/df k/]/ 

;vfk x'g] x'g, cF cFÆ k[–!&& . æsfnf] r:df k5fl8sf] /x:oÆdf Pshgf w"t{ 

/fhgLlt1 / k"j{dGqLsf] j[QfGtn] u0ftGqf]Q/ g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] zNolqmof ul/Psf] 

5 . plNnlvt b'i6 / e|i6 g]tfsf ofjt\ ultljlw /fhgLlt / ;Qf;'Gb/Lsf] xfgyfkdf 

s]lGb|t 5g\ . pgfG;o k|ltzt kltt JolQm eP klg em08} Ps k|ltzt ljj]sl;Qm 

;+r]tgf logdf afFsL /x]sf] / t/n ;dodf To;n] lognfO{ d"Nok"0f{ hLjg -gd{ 

cf]l/P068 nfOkm_ df 6]Sg pS;fPsf] cfTdsyg l;h{gfdf kfOG5 . o:tf s]xL 

k+lQmdf Wofg lbpmF— æ;dfrf/df t a9L /fhgLlts v]n / ;/sf/ kN6fpg] if8oGqx¿sf] 

k|wfgtf /xg] x' Fb} cfPsf]n] klg To;n] ly|n/ h:tf] dHhf lbg] u/]sf] 5 . slxn] 

;}lgs s' eg]s]f 5, slxn] ;QfsAhf eg]sf] 5, slxn] /Qmkftk"0f{ qmflGt eg]sf] 5, 

slxn] t]>f] ;z:q hgcfGbf]ng eg]sf] 5, slxn] afn'jf6f/leqaf6} ljb|f]x eg]sf] 5, 

slxn] n8fs' Joj:yfkg ls ;+ljwfg klxn] eg]sf] 5, Pp6f cGToxLg ly|n/ lkSr/ 

h:tf] hlta]nf hxfFaf6 eP klg x]bf{ x'g]Æ k[–!*^ . 

æxfdLl;t ug]/ xf]Og hf]v]/ lx;fa ug' { kg] { k};f 5 . ;a}sf lalN8Ë 5g\, Ps 

b'O{ t?gL lelqgL 5g\, 5f]/f5f]/L lab]zdf k9\b} 5g\ . xfdL s;}nfO{ clVtof/ klg 

nfu]sf] 5 . nfUb} u5{, uj{sf] s'/f] xf]Æ k[–!** . 

ænfU5, d leqsf] st}sf] Pp6f cWofF/f] s'gfdf cem}klg Ps ;fFrf] dfG5] hf] u/LaLsf] 

df/af6 p7]/ /fhgLltdf nfu]sf] lyof] / hf] ;kmn eP/ dGqL;Dd eof] Tof] d}af6 

pDs]/ cem} klg afFr]sf] 5Æ k[–!(# . 

clGtd syf æd'lQmÆdf l;4fy{sf] 3/]n' kl/;/sf] lkFh/fdf y'lgPsf] r/f]sf] 

dfWodn] qm"/, aa{/ / lx+;ssf] cufl8 cGofGosf] cg'goljgo Pj+ j}olQms :jt+qtfsf] 

cfu|x cy{xLg x'g] ts{ ;d'b\3fl6t 5 . jGof+rndf lgaf{w k|fs[lts :jR5Gbtfsf] 

clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug] { Pp6f c08h kIfL ljZj:t cfl>taf6 gfl;Pem} + kl/lrt 

qm"/tdaf6 cgluGtL lgs6:y qmlds ¿kdf lbgfg'lbg dfl;Psf] zfZjt hfgsf/L 

5 . Oltxf;df 7"N7"nf ;+3if{, qmflGt / cfGbf]ng ug] { dfG5]sf] dgf]j}1flgs :t/ o; 

¿kdf k|ltljlDat 5— ædfG5] Û xf], dfG5] g} xf] c¿sf] :jt+qtf vf];]/ s}b, xTof / 

;+xf/sf] ;+u|fd dRrfpg], cfˆgf] jfb / ljrf/ :yflkt ug{ . dfG5]n] hlt c? s;}n] 

:jtGqtfsf] alnof] jsfnt klg t ub} {g . u'nfdLaf6, bf;tfaf6, clzIffaf6, 

ef]saf6, u/LaLaf6 :jtGq x'g pm qmflGt u5{ / s]xL gnfUf] o'4 klg u5{Æ k[–!($ . 

æÒ Ò l;4fy{n] eGof]— d'lQm t d]/} cwLgdf 5 . d}n] v6g ug] { lgolt g} t]/f] 

d'lQm xf] a'lem;\ < k[–!(^ . 

xhfd / a"9f], hfg] stf xf], d /dfsfGt, laxfgLljxLg /ft, 6fpsf]leq c8\s]sf] 

uf]nL, ;dolj?4, vf8\n, clk|ndf Pp6f d/0f, ;gfvt, cGTo to ePsf] syf / 

dnfdL M ljlgdf{0f h:tf ;+ufnf]sf /rgfn] PSsfl; kf7ssf] dg tfGg] ub{5 . 

o;} qmdsf æcg';Gwfg, /fgLufpF, Ps OdfGbf/ k|hftflGqs /fhgLltsdL{sf] 

ls:;f, a+r/f] af]s]sf] s]6f], Pp6f syfsf] cGTo, kfun;do cyf{t\ ;doqf;, syf 

aflx/÷syfleq, Pp6f dfG5] kmf];fdf, ;+qmd0fsfn, leqleq ps';d's';, sfnf] 

r:df k5fl8sf] /x:o Pj+ d'lQmÆ k|e[lt rf}aL;j6f syfn] cfˆgf] 9+un] ;a}nfO{ 

g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cg]sfyL{ ;"rgf k|bfg ub{5 . 

Jo+hgfTds u'0fjQf eP klg xhfd / a"9f], hfg] stf xf], laxfgLljxLg /ft, 

6fpsf]leq c8\s]sf] uf]nL, vf8\n, clk|ndf Pp6f d/0f, ;gfvt, cGTo to ePsf] 

18 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

F 

syf, cGttM slj dfl/of], dnfdL M ljlgdf{0f, cg';Gwfg, a+r/f] af]s]sf] s]6f], Pp6f 

syfsf] cGTo, syfaflx/÷syfleq, Pp6f dfG5] kmf];fdf, ;+qmd0fsfn, sfnf] r:df 

k5fl8sf] /x:o / d'lQm cflb syfn] y'k| } j:t'lgi7 oyfy{ ;+jxg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . 

;fk]IftM laxfgLljxLg /ft, 6fpsf]leq c8\s]sf] uf]nL, clk|ndf Pp6f d/0f, 

;gfvt, cGttM slj dfl/of], dnfdL M ljlgdf{0f, cg';Gwfg, a+r/f] af]s]sf] s]6f], 

syfaflx/÷syfleq, Pp6f dfG5] kmf];fdf, ;+qmd0fsfn, sfnf] r:df k5fl8sf] /x:o 

/ d'lQmdf lx+;fTds le8Gt, ;z:q åGb, o'4k/s j:t'tflTjs oyfy{ / cGj]if0fLo 

ljz]iftfsf] k' +h km]nf kb{5 . syfsfl/tfdf ;+jt\ @)%@ b]lv @)^@ / sfnfjlws 

g]kfnLhLjgsf] ;z:qo'4hGo hh{/tf Pj+ ljbU3 dgf]bzfsf] oyfy{ k|:t'tLs/0f 5 . 

cfd"n kl/jt{g -/]l8sn r]Gh_ sf] ;Gbe{df b[li6ut syfj:t'sf] efiffz}nL, 

ljDaljwfg, k|tLs, cfGtl/s b[li6ljGb', JoªU\osfl/tf / lzNk ;jf{ËL0f b[li6n] ;Dk| ]if0fLo 

tyf pNn]vgLo 5g\ . æhgtfsf] jf:tljs hgo'4 cfh k]6sf] nflu / gfFuf] cfª 

9fSgsf nflu ul/g] ;+3if{ xf] ls, /fhg}lts ;Qfsf nflu ul/g] lx+;f < -a+r/f] 

af]s]sf] s]6f], k[i7–!#)_ eGg] p4/0fn] ] ;zQm 9+udf g]kfnL /fhgLltsf of]4f, lrGts 

/ ljZn]ifsnfO{ o'uLg hLjgsf] k|lqmofrqmaf/] cle;"lrt ub{5 . hgtfn] xToflx+;f 

;x]sf], ;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ d'n'sdf hftLo ljiffn'jfl6sf df}nfPsf], sfnLb]lv d]rLsf] 

ndtGg nf]sdfu{df caflwt ¿kdf ;xofqf ug{ gkfPsf] / /fHocft+s ef]u]sf] 

sfnfjlw w]/} eO;s]sf] 5 . o;} k|sf/ csd{0o g]t[Tjn] ubf{ /fhgLlt ultxLg 

ag]sf], zflGt ;'Joj:yf vnalnPsf], gful/s b'v]sf] Pj+ g]kfnLn] ld7f] / c;n s'/f 

vfg gkfPsf] w]/} eof] egL ljrf/ tyf Jojxf/df Pstfsf cfˆgf] nf]slk|o ædfdfÆ 

syfdf cGt/x[bodf ;do s';do slNkg] l;4x:t cfVofgsf/ ;dsfnLg g]kfnL 

;flxTodf yf]/} 5g\ / tL h:tf s]xLnfO{ u0fgf ug{ ;lsG5 . ltg} aLrsf PSsfO;f} 

ztfAbLsf] Pshgf cu|0fL g]kfnL ;'gfd / k'/:;/ x'g\— efpkGyL . hf] cfˆgf] 

cfVofgLs/0fdf bldt / pTkLl8tsf] zf]wvf]h ub} { gful/s ;+k|e'tf vt/fdf k/]sf] 

/ /fhg}lts ljs[ltn] /fli6«o ;d:of r'lnPsf]df cf}wL Jolyt 5g\ . h8wdL{ dgf]j[lQ 

kmfn]/ ;+r]tgf -sg;fOG;_ sf] d"nk|jfx / d"nlbzf 7Dofpg k|To]s g]kfnLn] t'R5 

:jfy{ / ljeLif0fj[lQ Tofuf} + eGb} afXo x:tIf]ksf] hfnf] lrb} { /fli6«o rf}lubf{df 

;b\efj km}nfpg ;h{s ;a}nfO{ pTk| ]l/t u5{g\ . hgtfsf] nflu xfF:g' / gfRg' kg] {, 

hgtfsf] lglDt afFRg' Pj+ cufl8 a9g' kg] { /fhgLlt tyf /fHozlQm ax'ntfsf] 

b[li6n] sxLF st} s'l07t ag]sf] ;h{snfO{ ck|Llts/ / c;x\o 5 . b08xLgtf, 

;fDk|bflos c;lxi0f'tf, ;f+:s[lts cGt{åGb, b'ef{jsf] k|;f/0f / dfgjflwsf/sf] 

pNn+3g h:tf sltko b'u{ '0fn] /fi6« cfqmfGt / cl:y/ ePsf] ;+s]t u5{g\— syfsf/ . 

l;h{gfsf] ;+/rgf -:6«Sr/_ sf] syfj:t', b[li6ljGb', kfq / ;f/j:t'sf] lghfTds 

cfsif{0f k"j{ ;dodf em} + oyfjt\ 5 . ;dfg'¿k ¿kljGof; -6]S;r/_ sf] kbljGof;, 

jfSoljGof;, ljDa, k|tLs, Jo+Uo, t'ngf / zLif{s k|e[lt tTjdf /fhg}lts bz{gsf] 

t/+u / pRrtf kfOG5 . syfTds ?lrIf]qdf ljb|f]x / qmflGtwdL{ j:t'tf 5g\ . 

;du|tM ;h{ssf] /LltIf]qdf Wofg lbFbf nf]stGq;Ddt ;dfhjfbL oyfy{ / k|ultzLn 

sYosf] ljk'ntf /x]sf] e]l6G5 . JolQmk/s, cGtlqmofk/s, pR5[Întfk/s, clg0f{ok/s, 

k|of]uk/s / lgisif{k/s ljleGg lrGtgdf syfqmd cu|;/ 5g\ . t/ ltgn] kf7sj[QnfO{ 

dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf] ;+s]Gb|lt/ 8f]¥ofpg] ub{5 . GofofnonfO{ k/f]Iftof e|i6frf/sf] 

19 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

} 

c8\8f b]Vg', ;lqmo /fhgLltsdL{ dlxnfnfO{ rl/qfk]Ifn] lgofNg', tGg]/Laf6 k|f}9k':tf 

cjx]lnt 7fGg' / ax';+Vos kfqdf cGtlg{lxt r/d g}/fZon] sltko /rgfdf 

syfsf/Lo plåUgtf k|s6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} ;h{ssf] dgf]b}lxs ;+1fgfTds ljGb' 

-sulgl6e KjfOG6_ sxL+ st} PskIfLo /x]sf] nfUb5 . 

g]kfndf z'4f]wg zfSob]lv 1fg]Gb| zfx;Ddsf em08} @^)) aif{sf] /fhtGqfTds 

kl/kf6Lsf] Oltxf; ;'/lIft 5 . g]kfnsf] uf]/vfk|b]zdf ;+jt\ !^!^ df zfxj+zsf] 

k|f/+les pbo ePsf] xf] . ltgsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+:yfkgdf ;xefuL ^ j6f cof{n, 

e§/fO{, kGt, kf08], af]xf]/f kl/jf/df 3[tsf}lzsuf]qL vgfn y/ Ps x'g\ . sfnqmddf 

g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] pRr JolQm;Qfsf] ¿kdf emngfy vgfn, k|hftflGqs ;]gfgL 

>Leb| vgfn, s'6gLltljb\ ;/bf/ ob'gfy vgfn, dxfslj u'0f/fh vgfn, n]vs 

>Lw/ vgfn, ;|i6f xl/x/ vgfn / ;dfnf]rs 8f=gf/fo0f k|= vgfn cflb e'mlNsPem+ 

k[ys cf:yf, ljrf/ / b[li6 eP klg cfw'lgs g]kfnL af}l4s / k|fl1s hut\sf] 

rdTsf/L cfVofgj]Qfsf ¿kdf k|f=ltns k|;fb vgfn cyf{t\ efpkGyL cTolws 

sd{zLn Pj+ k|l;4 aGg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . nf]stGqjfb, clwgfosjfb / ;j{;Qfjfb 

aLr ax'ntf;"rs ;+ljwfgjfb g]kfnsf clw;+Vossf] ;do;Ddt hgrfxgf /x]sf] 

e]l6G5 . u0ftflGqs nf]stGq ls nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lh1f;f ;d]t hgtfdf 5 . 

/fhg}lts k4ltsf cg]s :j¿k -df]8fln6L_ eP klg ;j{dfGo kl/efif]o ax'ntfjfbL 

kIf ltgdf /x]sf] x'g'kg] { syfsf/Lo cjwf/0ff 5 . nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ;+:yfut ug{ 

/ ;+j}wflgs ;+:s[lt bl/nf] t'Nofpg ;h{sn] ;a}sf] ;xof]u ck]lIft 7fg]sf 5g\ . 

l;h{gfdf u0ftGqsf] lrGtg / lg?k0fdf cToGt >d ul/Psf] kfOG5 . PsLs/0fb]lv 

@%) jif{ jl/kl/sf] g]kfnsf] ;Qfrl/q, 36s, df]8 / kl/l:yltsf ;"Id / j[xt\ 

ljj]Ro 1fg Pj+ ljDa 5g\ s[ltsfl/tfdf . 

/fi6«lgdf{tf Pj+ k|yd cfw'lgsstf{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx pk|fGtsf g]kfn / g]kfnLn] 

/fhg}lts b[li6n] cg'e"t ;dok/s ljljwfyL{ hgefjgf 5g\ syfwld{tfdf . zfx, 

/f0ff, kf08], yfkf, /fhu'?vns / sf]O/fnfn] zf;sLo cjlwsf b[li6n] PsLs/0ff]Gd'v 

cfw'lgssfnLg g]kfndf cg';Gw]o / ;dLIo nfdf] ;dfsngLo ;doqmd u'h|fg 

u/]sf] b]lvG5 . 

Effifflj1 s[i0fljnf; kf}8]nsf] egfO 5— æblIf0fL l5d]sLn] tLglt/af6 3]l/Psf] 

;]lknf] / ;+j]bgzLn e"–cjl:ylt ePsfn] bL3{sfnLg /fi6«lgdf{0f Pj+ ;d'Ggltsf] 

nflu :yfoL ¿kdf g]kfnL k/:k/df ldNg' cTofjZos 5 .Æ 

s]xL zAb yfngLdfdf syfsf/ eG5g\— æoL syfx¿ k9]kl5 dfG5] ;flass} 

/xFb}g . g]kfnL syfn]vg p;} klg km/flsnf] / ulx/f] 5, k|of]u ;+kGg klg . ltgsf 

aLr ltgs} k/Dk/fdf /x]/ klg oL syfn] leGgtf lng ;sF "g\Æ . g]kfn /fHosf] ;+3Lo 

nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, ;dfj]zL ax'bnLo k4lt / k|fb]lzs pynk'ynsf ;dor]t 

ljleGg kl/36gf / kl/;"rs a'‰g Pj+ a'emfpg ;kmn 5g\ syfsf/ . alnof] b:tfj]h 

/ pTs[i6 syfs[ltsf ¿kdf æ;gfvt / c¿ syfx¿ -@)^&_Æ n] cfw'lgs g]kfnL 

åGb;flxTodf dfgs :yfg cf]u6\g ;dy{ b]lvG5 . Pl;ofnL / ljsf;f]Gd'v /fhg}lts 

Joj:yfsf dfgjLo ljljw b':;fxl;s k|j[lQ -Pl§Ro'8_ v'6\ofpg / To;nfO{ ;xhfg'dfg 

ug{ syfwld{tfn] uxlsnf] 9+udf ;d:tnfO{ dfu{ k|bz{g u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . c:t' . 

♣♦♥♠ 

20 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

{ 

d g]kfn gf}nf] agfP/ hfG5' 

s]zj/fh cfdf]bL 

d g} sfJo–lj1fgsf] :jR5 afGsL 

d g} bL3{ lgisfdsf] sd{of]uL 

d g} sNkgfsf] lrbfef; ¿k 

d g} sfdgfsf] k|efjL :j¿k . 

5 b'u{Do af6f] d cfhfb 5}g 

/ cfsfz h:t} 5' cfsf/ 5}g 

d rfxG5' nDs]/ t'kmfg /f]Sg 

d cfF6\b} 5' a|df08sf] dfly 6]Sg . 

ltdL qmflGtsf gfddf e|flGt 55f} { 

pwf/f] 5 Jofkf/ sNk]/ d5f} 

5 O{iof{ 8F9]nf] ltdL leq 3f]/ 

ltdL :jfy{ ;ª\slNkt 5f} c3f]/ . 

d g} qmflGtsf] jLhsf] d"n ¿k 

d g} r]tgfsf] x' F aNbf] k|bLk 

pHofnf] d g} k"l0f{dfsf] k|sfz 

d g} ljZj lgdf{0fsf] zª\v3f]if . 

prfn]/ cfh} d g]kfn nfG5' 

kvfn]/ ;f/f hdfgf abN5' 

p7fP/ df6f] d r'Db} 5' cfh 

grfP/ aQL prfNb} 5' ;fFem . 

gofF hf]zsf] of] laxfgLl;t} d 

5' pNnf; afF8L/x]s]f cem} d 

snfsf/ h:t} 5' sf]b} { 5' lrq 

d ;Gtf]if afFrL /x]sf] ljlrq . 

ltdL la£gafwfx¿sf] ldgf/ 

ltdL e|i6rf/Lx¿sf] ljrf/ 

a9f/]/ sfnf] / d}nf] lgvf5' 

d g]kfn gf}nf] agfP/ hfG5' .. 

♣♦♥♠ 

21 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

k/Dk/fsf gfddf cGwljZjf;L x'g' 

/ cfw'lgstfsf gfddf 

e|i6 / 5f8f x'g' p:t} xf] . 

To;}n] cfk\mgf k/Dk/f, ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/x¿sf] 

;"Id cWoog / ljZn]if0f u/L 

sd;n kIfx¿nfO{ 

;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ub} 

/fd|f kIfx¿nfO{ cg'z/0f ug' {k5{ . 

cfw'lgstfsf gfddf 

;EotfxLg / 5f8f 

k|j[lQnfO{ k|>o lbg' xF 'b}g . 

a? ;do, :yfg / kl/l:ylt cg'¿k 

cfw'lgs k|ljlw, ;Lk / z}nLnfO{ ;+odtfk"j{s 

u|x0f ub} { hfg'k5{ . 

o;}df ;a}sf] enf] 5 . 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 

;"rgf ljefu 

22 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

}} 

cfZjf;gsf k"mnx¿ 

efuL/yL >]i7 

…dL/f Û ltd|f] ;'Gb/ eljiosf] ;fFrf] d]/f] xftdf 5 a'‰of} < bfofF afofF x]g] {, dg 

8'nfpg] / r+rn x'g] gu/ . w}o{ u/]/ a:of} eg] /fd|f] s]6f vf]h]/ lax] ul/lbG5'— ;a} 

Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbG5' .Ú 

cg'/fwfn] a]nfavt lbg] dfofjL cfZjf;gsf k"mnx¿ dL/fsf] dgsf] /l;nf] / 

dlnnf] sf]7fdf lj:tf/} el/Fb} lyP . tL cfZjf;gsf k"mnx¿ ;hfpFb} ;DxfNb} cfˆgf] 

eljiosf] ¿k/]vf agfpFyL— ljZjf;n] ] wkSs aNyL pm . 

cfdfsf] d[To'kl5 afx|jif{ cufl8 cfˆgf] afa';Fu t/fO{af6 sf7df8f} +df cfP/ of] 

3/df 6]Sbf pm bz jif{sL lyO{ . Pp6L d}nL w}nL d/+Rof;L dL/fnfO{ b]v]/ cg'/fwfn] 

6fpsf] ;dfpFb} v'Oo ub} { eg]sL lyOg\— …cfk"mnfO{ sfddf ;lhnf] xf]nf eg]/ 

lemsfPsL t o:tL lkn+w/L kf] /lx5]— o;af6 sfd lnpmF ls o;sf] w/fnf] ag' F < s] 

ug{ ;S5] o;n] < lemlsb] ufF8 eGbf ylkb] ufF8 x'g] t xf]Og

3/df kfx'gf, cfkmGt / ;fyLx¿ cfpFbf dL/fsf] lx:;L k/]sf] ¿k/+u, sd af]Ng] 

:jefj, dL7f] d':sfg, dL7f] ksjfg b]v]/ dL/fsf] tfl/km ub} { ;a}n] eGy]— …cg'/fwf Û 

ltdL t slt efUodfgL Û dL/f h:tL sfd ug] { kfpg' ltd|f] efUo xf] . dL/fnfO{ s;}n] 

gf]sgL{ eG5 / < pm t of] 3/sf] ;b:o h:tf] b]lvG5] . glrGg]n] t ltd|L 5f]/L eGg 

;S5g\ . ltdLn] t dL/fnfO{ df6fsf] 8Nnfaf6 ;'gsf] 8Nnf] agfof} . p;sf] klg efUo 

/x]5 / o:tf] 3/df a:g kfO{ . ;a} sfd l;sL .Ú 

cg'/fwfsf] b'nfxf ;'/hnfO{ dL/fn] agfPsf] vfgf ;a} dL7f] nfUYof] . p;nfO{ 

k'm?+u kfb} { eGYof]— …dL/f Û ltdLn] ksfPsf] vfg yfn]kl5 t dnfO{ ltd|L lbbLn] 

ksfPsf] klg dL7f] nfUg 5f]l8;Sof] . ltdLn] ubf{ pgn] ksfpg klg lal;{g\ .Ú 

cfˆgf] sfdaf/] o:tf ds}sf k"mn p7]sf h:tf k|z+;fsf zAbx¿ ;'Gbf x[bo 

ub\ub\ x'GYof] dL/fsf] . p;sf] hfFu/n] emg cfsfz 5'GYof] . 

b'O{ dlxgfb]lv 6'n]6 n]lvPsf] aunsf] Tof] l/Qf] b'O{tn] a+unfdf Pslbg rxnkxn 

b]lvof] . Tof] 3/df Pp6f df/jf8L kl/jf/ a:g cfPsf] /x]5 . Tof] 3/df dfG5] cfP/ 

a;]sf] b]v]/ dL/fsf] dgdf To;} To;} /dfOnf] cg'ej eof] . ;Fw} Tof] l/Qf] 3/df x]bf{ 

z"Go / g/dfOnf] nfUg] dL/fsf] dgdf ;w} F nfUYof] Tof] 3/df slxn] dfG5] a:g cfpg] 

xf]nf < s:tf dfG5] cfpg] xf]nfg\ < cfh ;fdfgx¿ wdfwd cf];f/]sf] / kl/jf/sf 

;b:ox¿ cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ u/]sf] b[Zo x]g{ sfd 5f]8L 5f]8L ld/f a/08fdf cfP/ ToxL 

3/lt/ cfFvf k'¥ofpFyL . dfgf+ } Tof] 3/df Pp6f pT;j g} eO/x]5 . tL dfG5]x¿df 

Pp6f ;'Gb/ sfnf] a0f{sf] o'js klg xftdf ;fdfg af]Sb} leq–aflx/ ul//x]sf] b[Zo 

b]v]/ dL/fnfO{ emg} x]g{ pT;'stf / sf}t'xn hfUof] . xtf/ xtf/ sfd ;SofpFb} 

8ØfDd a/f08fdf a;]/ p;n] Tof] 3/sf] b[Zokfg ul//xL . 

lbgx¿ laTb} uP . b'O{ kl/jf/aLr kl/ro ePkl5 lxdlrd klg a9Øf] . 

cfpg] hfg] / 3/df kfs]sf s'/fx¿ cfk;df cfbfg k|bfg ug] { ubf{ Pp6f l5d]sL;Fu 

x'g] ;f}xfb| {k"0f{ ;DaGw :yflkt x' Fb} uof] . cg'k cu|jfn gfds snsQfsf tL o'js 

cfˆgf bLbL–legfh'sf] Go"/f]8sf] sk8fk;ndf sfd ubf{/x]5g\ . lxgx' F x]/fx]/ / a/fa/ 

x'g] e]63f6n] cljjflxt cg'k / dL/f cfk;df ‰oflDdb} / glhlsFb} uPsf lyP . 

Pslbg cg'/fwfn] dL/fnfO{ ;r]t u/fpFb} elgg\— …dL/f Tof] cg'k;Fu w]/} gaf]n 

x} . To:tf Ol08ogx¿sf] s'g} ljZJff; x' Fb}g . ltd|f] nflu d g} /fd|f] s]6f vf]H5' .Ú 

Pp6L t?gLsf] dgsf] ;kgfnfO{ s:n] /f]Sg ;S5 / < cg'/fwfn] hlt;'s} 

;DemfP klg dL/fsf] of}jgd:t dgn] Pp6f ;'Gb/ o'jssf] rfxgf uYof] { . Pp6f ;'vL 

kl/jf/, Pp6f 5'6\6} ;+;f/sf] sNkgfnf]sdf ljr/0f ubf{ cg'knfO{ klg ;fy;fy} 

lnP/ hfGyL . slt /dfOnf] / ;fIfft\ nfUYof] cfˆgf] sNkgfsf] ;+;f/ . cg'ksf] 

;flGgWodf sNkgfdf 8'Ag l;s]sL dL/fsf] cfsf+Iff o:t/L aflx/ lg:sg vf]HYof] 

dfgf+ } cg'/fwfn] b]vfPsf] ;kgfsf] afn'jf leqaf6 ;'t'/d'u{n] h:t} a]nf a]nfdf 

6fpsf] p7fP/ afXo ;+;f/ x]b} {5 . 

Pslbg cg'/fwf gePsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ cg'k dL/fnfO{ e]6\g 3/}df cfof] . cg'ksf] 

o; ck|Tflzt pkl:ylyltdf dL/f o;/L x8a8fO gj p;n] cg'knfO{ ;f]kmfdf 

a:gnfO{ g} eGg ;sL g t lrof agfP/ v'jfpg g} ;sL . 8/n] pm lgzAb ag]sL 

lyO{ . cg'kn] dL/fsf] dfgl;stf a'em]/ eGof]— …lsg 8/fPsL dL/f < d af3 x' F / < 

24 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

d t cfˆgf] dgsf] efjgf JoQm ug{ cfPsf] x' F, dL/f Û d}n] ltdLnfO{ Hofb} dg k/fPsf] 

5' . ltd|f] x/]s s'/f dg k5{ . ltdL;Fu lax] ug{ rfxG5' . dnfO{ ;fgf] 7"nf] hft 

eftsf] s'g} e]befj 5}g . d dfG5]sf] Åbosf] kljqtf, p;sf] ;'Gb/ :jefj, Jojxf/ 

/ ljj]snfO{ k|fyldstf lbG5' . oL u'0fx¿ ltdLdf b]v]sf] 5' . ltdLn] hjfkm lbg' . 

cg'kn] /ftf] lemnlemn] sfutn] a]/]sf] Pp6f pkxf/ dL/fsf] xftdf ydfOlbb}— 

…of] ;fgf] pkxf/ ltdLnfO{ .Ú eg]/ t'?Gt} kms] {/ uof] . dL/f t lhNn} k/L . p;sf] 

:jf; k|:jf; tLj| ¿kn] al9/x]sf] lyof] . ;kgf xf] ls ljkgf < d'6'sf] w8sg t]h 

eof] c;dfGo ¿kn] . Psl5g cGof}n, lj:do / qf;sf] 3]/fdf l/lª/xL . dgdf ckf/ 

v'zL ;FuflnP klg g t of] pkxf/ vf]n]/ x]g{ g} ;sL gt ;xh x'g g} ;sL . Pp6f 

ljlrqsf] l:yltdf Tof] pkxf/ ;dft]/ pleO/xL dL/f . nfUof,] dfgf+ } :jod\ cg'k g} 

p;sf] ;fy ;z/L/ u'8'lNsP/ a;]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] xftdf e'ml08P/ /x]sf] Tof] ;'Gb/ 

Kofs]6nfO{ p;n] cfk"m ;'Tg] sf]7fdf yGSofpg klg ;lsg . hLjgdf kfPsf] Tof] 

klxnf] lbJo v'zLsf] pkxf/ b]v]/ cg'/fwf lbbL v'zL x'g]x'g\ ls a]v'zL < cflv/ cg'k 

h:t} s]6f] vf]h]/ lax] ul/lbg] t xf] lg . cg'/fwf lbbLnfO{ p;sf] nflu s]6f vf]Hg} 

k/]g . cfh afx|jif{ eO;Sof] dL/fn] of] 3/df cfk"mnfO{ k"0f{ ;dk{0f u/]/ a;]sf] . dfq 

;'/h / cg'/fwfsf] cfZjf;g / dfof÷;b\efj kfP/ . 

d'Uw efjn] Tof] pkxf/nfo{ cf]N6fO{ kN6fO{ ub} { lyO{— ToxL a]nf 9f]sfdf sna]n 

aHof] . bu'b} { 9f]sf vf]Ng hfFbf t cg'/fwf kf] slt l56\6} cfOk'u]sL /lx5g\ . v} 

dL/fsf] cg'xf/df s] efj t/+u b]lvg\ s'GgL cg'/fwfn] tTsfn} elgg\ —…lsg cg'xf/ 

o:tf] /ftf] lk/f] ePsf] < lsg To;/L /fkdf a;]sL

e} ;Sof] ltd|f] 3/df sfd u/]sf] . slt OdfGbf/ eP/ c6'6¿kdf p;n] ;a}nfO{ 

l/emfO{ . p;nfO{ klg lax] ug] { OR5f xf]nf . /fd|f] s]6f x]/]/ lax] ul/lbg'— wd} { x'G5 . 

cfhsn PsfGtdf 3f]l/P/ a;]sf] b]V5' .Ú 

nfdf] ;':s]/f xfNb} lj:tf/} dl;gf] :j/df cg'/fwfn] elgg\— …;'GnL dL/fn] < v} 

d t p;sf] lax]af/] ;f]Rg} ;lQmg . x'g t p;nfO{ a/fa/ lax]sf] cfZjf;g lbP/ 

kmsfPsL 5' . lax] ul/lbg] ;f]r]sL klg xF ' t/ cfF6 ug{ ;s]sL 5}g . ;a} s'/fdf 

l;kfn' e};sL . o:tL OdfGbf/ s]6L sxfF kfpg ;lsG5 / < p;sf] lax] ul/lbP kl5 

of] 3/sf] ;f/f sfd d s;/L u¿F < d t ;f]Rg} ;lQmg . gofF sfd ug] { NofP/ slxn] 

l;sfpg] xf] < cfhsn sfd ug] { OdfGbf/ dfG5] kfpg klg ufx|f] 5 .Ú 

;DemfpFb} elgg zs'Gtnfn]— …cfˆgf] dfq :jfy} { x]/]/ sxfF x'G5 / < p;sf] 

hLjg agfOlbg' kb} {g < ltdLx¿n] hlt;'s} dfof u/]/ klg, ;'la:tf / ;'v lbP klg 

;Fw} csf{sf] 3/df gf]sgL{ eP/ a:g s:nfO{ dg nfU5 / < s]xL eof] eg] ltdLnfO{ 

g} g/fd|f] x'G5 . v'?Ss s]6f] vf]h]/ lax] ul/lbg' .Ú 

…v} lbbL Û tTsfn t p;sf] lax]s]f s'/f ;f]Rg} ;s]sL 5}g . clxn] e/v/ afO; 

nfuL . rf/–kfFr jif{ kl5 ;f]rf} +nf a;L/xL eg] .Ú 

cfˆgf]af/] lbbL alxgLsf] nfdf] ;+jfb ;'g]kl5 ;a} s'/f a'em]sL dL/fsf] ;+;f/ g} 

cFWof/f] eof] . klxn] t p;n] ljZJff; g} ug{ ;lsg ls s] cg'/fwf lbbLn] g} af]n]sL 

x'g\ < p;sf] t tg dg ;a} kmtfs k'mt's un]/ uof]— s/fxLdf s/snf]sf] kft 

un]em} F . pmleq ;Dxfn]/ /fv]sf cfZjf;gsf k"mnx¿ 89]/ a]kQf eP . 8fFsf] 5f8]/ 

?g dg nfUof] p;nfO{ . 

cToGt si6;Fu ;+od u/]/ leq cfO{ / vfhf 6s\¥oP/ hlt ;Sof] l56f] dL/f tn em/L . 

ca s] u?F t < ;f] +rL p;n] . p;nfO{ nfUof] of] 3/af6 p;sf] hLjgsf] eljio 

lgdf{0f x'g ;Qm}g . dL/fnfO{ kmsfO{ kmsfO{ p;nfO{ v'zL kfg{ cg'/fwfn] / ;'/hn] 

lbPsf] ld7f] cfZfzg, cgluGtL pkxf/ n'uf uxgf ;a} ;a} dL/fsf] nflu dxTjxLg 

nfu] . p;nfO{ nfUof] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] af/]df a]n}df ;f]lrg eg] p;n] oxL 3/sf] 

h]ndf k/tGqL hLjg afFRg' kg] { 5 Ò. ylst / k/flht x' Fb} p;n] em6\6 cg'knfO{ 

;DemL . p;sf] larf/ / af]nL ;DemL . p;nfO{ nfUof] Pp6f e/kbf] { ;"o{sf] rlDsnf] 

w;f] { :jf6\6 k:of] p;sf] cfFvf / dgdf . Tof] rlDsnf] w;f] { ;dfTg' s] p;sf] 

a'l4dfgL xf]Og / < 

♣♦♥♠ 

;+ljwfg;efn] d'n'ssf tTsfnLg HjnGt ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg t u/]g g}, eljiok|lt 

cfzfjfbL x'g;Sg] 7fpF klg k6Ss} /x]g . 

Ò:jod\ ;ef;bx¿sf] s[ofsnfk nfhdbf]{ /Xof] . /ftf] kf;kf]6{ a]Rg]b]lv /S;L ;]jg u/]/ 

xf]xNnf ug]{;Ddsf ultljlw ;ef;bsf b}lgsL /x] . 

Ò tL; jif{cl3 Pshgf uf8{ lnP/ lxF8\g] u[xdGqL cfh krf;hgf ;'/IffsdL{ cl3kl5 

nufP/ lxF8\5g\ . pgL cfk}Fm ;]km 5}gg\ eg] xfdLn] s] ljZjf; ug]{ < 

Òd ;fgf] x'Fbfb]lv g]kfn hn;|f]tsf] wgL b]z eg]/ k9]sf], cfh d]/f ;Gtfgn] klg ToxL 

kl9/x]sf5g\, t/ d'n'sn] o;af6 s'g} nfe lng ;s]sf] 5}g . 

—;'Åb l3ld/] 

26 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

d, kf7s 

kÍf b]jsf]6f 

o; n]vsf] p2]Zo n]vgfy kf}8\Øfnsf] æj+zLw/sf] lbJo j+zLÆ / d kf7saLrsf] 

cGt/;DaGw s]nfpg' /x]sf] 5 . cG7fpGg jif{sf] kfsf] pd]/df n]vgfyn] zf/bf 

*=*df k|sfzg ug' { ePsf] of] sljtf / d]/f] cfhsf] cfjZostf jf ¿rLs} aLr klg s] 

;DaGw x'g;S5 eGg] k|Zg p7fpg nflu/x]sf] 5' . kf7ssf] cefjdf s'g} klg 

;flxlTos s[lt d[tk|foM x'g] ePsfn] s[ltdf k|f0f kf7sn] e5{ of n]vsn] e5{ eGg] 

k|Zgsf] hjfkm hl6n 5 . s[ltsf] cflwsfl/s hGdbftfsf] d[To'sf] 3f]if0ffkZrft\ 

hlGdPsf] kf7sn] lkt[jwsf] cfjZostf :jLsf/L;s]kl5 e:daf6 k'vf{ Jo' Ftfpg] 

cfsf] { cfjZostf af]w ;d]t ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf kf7 / kf7ssf] cGt/;DaGw 

ljZn]if0f of]Uo 7fGb} Pp6f kf7;Fusf] d]/f] hDsfe]6sf] cg'ej atfpg nlu/x]sf] 5' . 

o; sljtf / d]/f] hDsfe]6 jf;'b]j lqkf7Ln] ;Dkfbg ug' {ePsf] n]vgfysf 

k|d'v sljtfdf x'guof] . o; k|yd hDsfe]6df dnfO{ sljtfsf] cg'xf/ dg k/]g . 

æcg'xf/Æ eg]/ d}n] To;sf] zLif{snfO{ hgfO/x]sf] 5' . ddf cfh;Dd klg k"j] {nL 

cy{df wd{;Fu lgs6 ;DaGw /fVg] cfWofTdjfbsf] ;Ddf]xg gePsfn] / sljtfsf] 

cg'xf/df s[i0fsf] nLnfk|lt elQmefj 5rlNsPsf] h:tf] nfusf]n] klg sljtfn] 

ck]Iff u/]sf] kf7s d xf]Og eGg] s'/fdf ljZj:t ePF . of] kf7n] To; k|sf/sf] kf7s 

vf]h]sf] 5 h;n] kf7df /x]sf] cfWoflTds pT;u{ ;lhn} / lglj{/f]w u|x0f u/f];\ . 

dfgf} F ls kf7df of}6f kf7s cGtln{lvt 5 hf] d x}g . clg, klxnf] k6s ;//{ k9\bf 

sljtfsf] Tolt cy{ klg v'n]g . t/} klg hDsfe]6 t eOxfNof] / dnfO{ kf7sf] s'g} 

s'/fn] cfsif{0f gu/]sf] eP d of] n]v n]Vg a:g] lyOg . ;txdf b'O{j6f sf/0fn] d 

o; kf7k|lt cfslif{t ePsf] x" F— klxnf], of] n]vgfy kf}8\Øfnsf] sljtf xf] / pxfFk|lt 

d]/f] ulx/f] >4f 5= bf];|f], of] sljtf cf7 x/kmsf] dfq 5 h;n] ubf{ o;nfO{ k9\g 

w]/} ;do vlr{g' kb} {g . 

ca, ;a} k7g ¿kfGt/0fsf/Lg} x'G5g\ lsgeg] kTo]s k9fOdf kf7sf] gofF cy{ 

nfU5 eGg] 8]l/8fsf] egfOnfO{ :jLsfb{ } k|To]s k9fOn] ddf klg gofF k|efj kfl//x]sf] 

x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; lnP/ k|Zg p7fpF5'— k'gk{7gkZrft\ o; sljtfn] ddf s] 

kl/jt{g Nofof] / d}n] o;df s] kfPF hf] k|yd hDsfe]6df kfPsf] lyOg < xfd|f] 

hDsfe]6 x'g' cufl8g} n]vgfysf æsfn–dlxdfÆ / ælk+h/fsf] ;'ufÆ h:tf s[lt;Fu 

d kl/lrt eO;s]sf] x' Fbf ltgLx¿sf] prfO;Dd of] sljtf k'Ug ;Sg] s'/fk|lt d]/f] 

kf7sLo Ifdtf k"jf{u|xLt eOlbPsf] x'g;S5 . æ5\Øf Û o;sf lbbLalxgLx¿ h:tL of] 

t /fd|L /lxg5 ÛÆ eGg] efjgf lnP/ o; kf7;Fu ;+ks{df cfPsf] d kf7sn] ;'¿d} 

s]xL u'dfO;s]sf] cj:yf x'G5 . Tof] u'd]sf] j:t' xf] lgikIf lgSof} {n . 

o;} u/]/ d kf7ssf cGo sdhf]/L 5g\ . d g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Oltxf; / 

k/Dk/f /fd|/L ga'em]sf] kf7s ePsf]n] g]kfnL sljtf k9]/ a'em\g Tolt lzkfn' 5}g . 

;fob sljtf h:tf] efiffsf] pTs[i7 k|of]u x'g] ljwfsf] ;kmn k7gsfnflu d]/f] 

27 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

+ 

eflifs Ifdtf klg sd} xf]nf . t/ o;f] eGb}df d]/f] / o; sljtfsf] hDsfe]6 x'g' 

ulNt xf] eg]sf] x}g . o;sf cltl/Qm d]/f] ;+:s[t efiffsf] cWoog z"Go ePjfkt\ d]/f] 

kf7sLo Ifdtf cem sdhf]/ ePsf] cg'ej ul//x]sf] 5' . d]/flglDt æef}ltsj[Gb¿k,Æ 

ælj:tL0f{,Æ æk/f,Æ æJofdf]x–jiff{,Æ / æwLj[lQÆ h:tf cg]kfnL zAbsf cfj/0fn] 

nlIft cy{sf] ;d:of 78fPsf]eGbf slj :jo+n] dh:tf kf7ssf nflu nlIft gu/]sf] 

kf7n] d]/f] ;fd'Gg] unt cjt/0f u/]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . of] sljtf cfWoflTds 

;+:s[tljb\sf] lglDt /lrPsf] xf] eGg] efjgfn] d lg/fz x'G5' . k|Zg p7\5, æ;d:of 

d kf7ssf] xf] ls sljtfsf] xf]

æ/f;ljnf;sf]Æ /x/ u5{g\, æwLj[lQÆ 5g\ h;/L ls d kf7s o; sljtfdf cfkm"n] 

lrg]sf] slj vf]Hb} ælk+h/fsf] ;'ufÆ / æsfn–dlxdfÆsf] /;f:jfbgsf] /x/ lnP/ 

æwLj[lQÆ 5' . pgLx¿ hfu[t x'g] If0fsf] cufl8 klg / hfu[t eO;s]kl5 klg j+zLw/ 

cb[Zo / ck|fKt 5 . uf]lkgLx¿ km]l/ ælgbfpg]Æ cj:yf -k|no_sf] eg] oxfF rrf{ 5}g . 

of] df}gtfsf] cy{ d kf7s cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltsf] cf]t nfu]/ x]bf{ dxTjk"0f{sf] 5 lsgeg] 

no, l:ylt / k|nosf] rqm 3'dfpg] pxL j+zLw/ k|yd ;|i6f klg xf] . clg s] ] klg 

lal;{g' x'Gg eg] j+zLsf] w'g noqmL8f xf] . o;}n] t uf]lkgL cyf{t\ hLjfTdfx¿ 

j+zLsf] ;Ddf]xgn] æ;f/f ef}ltsj[Gb¿k h8 of] lj:tL0f{ j[GbfjgÆ h;n] hLjfTdfsf] 

ef}lts cfwf/sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 ltgsf] l:ylt— cj:yf / lg/Gt/tfsf] cfjZostf 

— a'em\g] j+zLw/ n's]/ xfF;L/x]sf] efjdf d -sfJoLs klg_ :g]x / >[Ëf/ el/Psf] 

kfpF5' . ;'?sf] æJodf]x–jiff{Æ ;[li6 / gjhfu[t r]tgfsf] 6Ss/fj6af6 k}bf ePsf] 

5 . of] r]tgsf] ;[li6k|ltsf] k| ]dk"0f{ k|ltlqmof xf], l:yltsf] cf/De xf] lsgeg] 

lg/Gt/tfsf] /x/ o;df cem} cJoQm 5 t/ cGtlg{lxt 5 . j+zLsf] w'g af;L gePsf] 

jf x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf klg o;df k|i6 5 lsgeg] ægofF gofF ;'/Æ o;/L nx/fO/x]5g\ 

ls oL ;'/ aGb x'g' k|no x'g' xf], k|f0f h8tftkm{ / h8 cflb–ut{sf] c:tJo:ttftkm{ 

cled'v x'g' xf] . clg oL ;'/ nx/fO/xFbf æJofdf]xÆ uf]lkgLn] em} + d kf7sn] klg o; 

sljtf;Fusf] k|yd hDsfe]6df u/]sf] cg'ej aGgk'U5 . 

t/ no / l:yltsf s'/fsf l;nl;nfdf k|nosf s'/f gp7\g' jf gp7fOg' 

n]vgfyLo dfgj ;+j]bgzLntf xf] h'g s'/f ts{ u/L a:bf lg/fsf/df kfpg ;lsFb}g . 

kfpg] eP Tof] lg/fsf/ x'g] klg lyPg Û xf], d ;+:s[lteGbf cln k/ uP/ af]ln/x]sf] 

5' . t/ ufO{, uf]?, s'Ss'/ / dflg; ;dfg b]Vg] jf b]v eGg] k"j] {nL cfWoflTds 1fgn] 

dfgj uf}/jsf] nf~5gf u/]sf] cg'ej d]/f] klg 5 lsgeg] oxfF ;dfg b[li6sf]eGbf 

s?0ffsf] cfjZostf 7"nf] 5 . ljljwtfdf ;dfgtf b]Vg' ;fw'Tj k|fKt ug' { xf] h'g 

s'/f g o; sljtfsf /rgfsf/n], g kf7sn] k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . sljn] ctLtd'vL eP/ 

;gftg cfbz{ :jLsf/]sf];Dd a'lemG5, t/ o;f] eGg' sljsf] hLjgdf Tof] cfbz{ 

¿kfGtl/t ePsf] lyof] eGg' xf]Og . olt /fd|f] snfsfl/tfn] e/]sf] sljtf k|nosf] 

j0f{g jf efjdf cGTo eOlbPsf] eP cyjf dflg;, s'Ss'/, Zofn / lu4;Fu;Fu} nf]k 

x'g]5 eGg] ts{ cfOlbPsf] eP of] sfJobf]if 7xg] { lyof] . sljlz/f]dl0f n]vgfy 

kf}8\Øfn geP/ o;sf /rlotf s'g} a|Xd1fgL ;fw', ;Gt jf dxifL{ x'g] lyP . t/ 

n]vgfy ;fw' x}gg\, slj x'g\ . o; sljtfdf dfgj cg'ejsf] -uf]lkgLsf]_ of}6f dL7f] 

rsf] { If0fsf] j0f{g dfq ul/Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ sljtfn] b'vfpFb}g, cfgGb lbG5 . of] 

t s'g} klg gfl:ts jf dflS;{i6 kf7sn] klg :jLsf/]/ /;f:jfbg ug{ ;Sg] sljtf 

xf] olb p;n] zLif{ss} cfwf/df o;nfO{ gk9\g] c7f]6 lnFb}g eg] . 

sljtf eg]sf] cfl:tssf] jf gfl:tssf] nflu dfq eg]/ n]lvb}g . s'g} klg 

;flxTo Pp6f ;h{ssf] cg'ej xf], To;af6 s;n] s] lnG5 eGg] s'/f cfs} { 5 . 

n]vgfyh:tf cf:yfjfg\ sljn] j+zLw/sf] k|z+;f ufpg' ;xh lyof] . afns[i0f ;d 

h:tf gfl:ts k|j[lQsf JolQmsfnflu oxL s'/f ;xh gx'g' kg] { xf], t/ pgn] klg 

j+zLw/sf] k|z+;f c+u| ]hLdf "The Flutist's Song" zLif{sdf ufPsf 5g\ . pQm sljtfsf] 

29 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

rrf{ d}n] A Pond of Swans and Other Essays df u/]sf] 5' . t;y{ of}6} 

sljtfsf] cfwf/df s'g} klg sljnfO{ n]an nufpg' cg'lrt g} 7x5{ . 

oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ubf of] s'/f l;4 ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 ls Psflt/ kf7n] nlIft 

kf7s lzlIft ju{ xf] eg] kf7d} cGtln{lvt kf7s s'g} cfWoflTds lrGtgdf ;Ifd 

jf cu|;/ ;+:s[tljb\ klg xf] . nlIft kf7ssf] ¿kdf d cfbz{ kf7s geP klg of}6f 

xb;Dd ;';"lrt kf7s;Dd ePsf] x'gfn] ;Ifd kf7s klg x" F eGg] s'/f :jLsfg{ dg 

nfU5 . 

o; cj:yfdf d}n] kf7sf] ulx/fOnfO{ gsfb} { ;txdf dfq t}l/g] cleofg 

rnfpg sljtfsf] bf];|f] efunfO{ o;/L k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' — 

Tof] rsf] { ;'/af6 hfu[t agL ltd|f] u/L vf]hgL 

3'Dg] /f;ljnf;sf] /x/df wLj[lQ 5g\ uf]lkgL . 

/f;nLnfsf] syfsf] lglDt efjfg's"n zfb" {nljqmL8tsf] plrt k|of]u x' Fbfx' Fb} 

klg o; 5Gbn] hglha|f]sf] ld7f; tKsfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . clg æwLj[lQ 5g\ uf]lkgLÆ 

eGbf s] a'lemG5 s'lGg < æwLÆsf ljleGg cy{dWo] a'l4, dg, ljrf/, wf/0ff / sNkgf 

klg x'g\ . o; sljtfsf k'ghL{jg kfPsf /rgfsf/n] st} of] sljtf kmnfgfsf lglDt 

n]v]sf] x" F geg] tfklg kf7leqsf ;+s]tsf cfwf/df nlIft kf7s cyjf kf7d} 

lnlvt kf7s h;sf :jefjut s]xL u'0f kf7df kfOG5g\ p;n] sfJosf] lzIffk|b 

:jefjnfO{ :jLsfb} { æwLÆsf] cy{ 1fg jf a'l4 eGg] a'em]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}n] lnlvt 

kf7sn] oL b'O{ x/kmsf cy{ nufpFbf cfkm\gf gj–hfu[t 1fgn] uf]lkgLx¿sf] j[lQ 

>Ls[i0fsf] vf]hdf Psfu| 5 eGg] cy{ nfUg hfg] ;Defjgf 7"nf] 5 . 

t/ d cJb}t j]bfGtaflx/ 1fgsf] cy{ cg]sf} + km]nf kfl//x]sf] x'G5' / dnfO{ 

zAbsf]zn] 78fPsf] xf]l;of/Lsf] cf} +nfn] cGo ;+efjgfx¿tkm{ ;r]t u/fpF5 . ;fob 

nlIft cy{ uf]lkgLx¿sf] dgsf] k|jfx k| ]dsf] wf/df s[i0f-elQm_lt/ lyof] . ;fob 

pgLx¿sf] ljrf/df olt ærsf] { ;'/Æ 3Gsfpg ;Sg] JolQm k| ]dof]Uo lyP . ;fob 

pgLx¿sf] sNkgfn] dgsfdgfk"tL{ ug] { ;Gbe{df æ/f;ljnf;sf] /x/Æ hufOlbPsf] 

lyof] . ;+efjgf cg]sf} + 5g\ . log} ;+efjgfdf pgLx¿ -d, kf7s em} +_ ef} +tfl/Psf] 

cj:yf 5 . t/ ærsf] {Æ ljz]if0fn] st} ;'/sf] ld7f; 36fPsf] klg t 5}g < rsf] 

;+uLtn] cfgGb eGbf c;+tf]if / 56k6L k}bf u5{ / ;'if'Kt jf nf]nfPsf] cj:yfaf6 

æhfu[tÆ u/fpg ;S5 h;/L ls dGb w'gn] ld7f] lgGb|f / cf/fd Nofpg ;S5 . 

;fob cln sd rsf] { ;'/ ePsf] eP /f;ljnf; cem} ld7f] x'g] t lyPg < 

zfob d oxfF km]l/ Tof] nlIft kf7s aGgaf6 kf7df lnlvt kf7sn] gug] { ts{ 

u/]/ 6fl8PF t/ s] o; ts{df bd 5}g / < n]vs jf /rgfsf/ d/]sf 5}gg\ eg] nlIft 

cy{ / kf7df lnlvt kf7ssf] cfwf/df d]/f] ts{ unt xf]nf, gq olb n]vs d]/s} xf] 

/ d, kf7s, dfq cfhsf] ;Gbe{df kf7;Fusf] cGtlqm{ofdf plqPsf] 5' eg] cy{sf] 

Psnf}6L zf;gsf] hdfgf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] kl/k| ]Iodf kf7sf ljljw JofVof ;+ej 

5g\ . ;u/dfyf pFrfOsf] PSnf] clwgfos aGg jfdg r'r'/fx¿n] lgif]w u/]sf 5g\ Û 

pm cUnf dWo]sf Ps aGg] clwsf/ dfq kfP/ ;+t'i6 x'g' kg] { cfjZostf pQ/fw'lgstfn] 

NofPsf] 5 . 

30 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

To;}n] of] klg eGg cfF6 cfpF5 ls cfTdf¿kL k|tLssf ¿kdf afx]s uf]lkgLx¿sf] 

æ/f;ljnf;sf] /x/dfÆ lrQsf] s'nf] :qLsf] k'?ifk|ltsf] zfl//Ls cfsif{0f{b]lv cWoflTds 

of]u;Ddsf] cy{sf] ;Defjgfdf n's]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f ;dfhdf jgdf x'g] k| ]dk"j{s 

gfrufg -nLnf_ cfhsf] zx/Ls/0f ePkl5sf] 8fG;af/df x'g' :jfefljs xf] . b'j}df 

cfgGb k| ]/stTj 5 . km/s olQ 5— d ldysaf6 jf wfld{s cf:yfaf6 km'lTsg 

g;s'~h]n;Dd d]/f / dh:tfsf nflu o; cy{ unt 7xg] { x' Fbf ljlgdf{0fsf cleofg 

klg untg} 7xl/g hfg]5g\ lsgeg] d o; ;+efjgfnfO{ gsfl//x]sf] x'G5' . o;}n] d 

kf7sn] a'em\g w]/} afFsL 5, af}l4s Ifdtfsf] ljsfz ug{ afFsL 5 . 

sljtfsf] t];|f] efun] eg] ;/n g]kfnLdf /fd|/L cjt/0f u/]sf] 5 . o;}n] of] 

;'af]w 5 . æ/;–/ËÆ zAbn] hLjgsf] pT;jd'vL k|j[lQnfO{ ;|i6fs} :jefj;Fu ufF;]sf] 

5 eg] æ;[li6sf] rSrsLÆ cyf{t\ k'mtL{kmftL{ jf rdsn] ;|i6fs} :jefjdf c8]sf] /x:o 

JoQm u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L sljtfsf] rds klg sljsf] JolQmTjdf cfl>t x'G5 . 

sljtfsf] olt rrf{ ul/;s]kl5 d kf7sn] p7fPsf s]xL k|Zgsf k|i6 hjfkm 

lbg' cfjZos b]V5' . To;}n] klxnf] k|Zg km]l/ bf]xf]/fpF5'— of] sljtf / d]/f] cfhsf] 

cfjZostf jf ?lrs} aLr klg s] ;DaGw xf]nf < Åbo / dl:tissf] bf]xf]/f] oyfy{df 

;+k"0f{ bz{gzf:q c6fPsf] 5 . slxn] Åbo dfly k5{ t slxn] dl:tis . ef}ltsjfb 

/ cWofTdjfbsf] v]n klg oxL xf] . s'g} klg dflg;leq oLb'O{sf lvrftfgLaf6 

pTkGg tgfj slxn] Åbosf] / slxn] dl:tissf] kIfdf ljhoL x'G5 . s'g} klg ljrf/ 

wf/fn] Åbo jf cf:yfnfO{ k|ltufdL / dl:tis jf ts{nfO{ cu|ufdL agfpg] k|of; 

ub} {df oxL k|:tfjg} ;To 7xl/+ +b}g . b'O{6fdf s'g} of}6fnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ gsfg' { jf /fhg}lts 

n]an nufpg' unt x'ghfg] ePsfn] gZj/ b]x / cd/ cfTdfsf] -åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbs} 

zAbfjnLdf ;d]t\_ ;+Zn]if0fdf dfgjhLjg plePsf] tYo ;j{wd{dfGo 5 . o'usf] 

klg kl/jt{g x'G5— slxn] ef}lts / slxn] cWoflTds aG5 . To;}n] d kf7sn] 

cfˆgf gfl:ts k|j[lQnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbP dfq of] sljtf;Fu gftf 6'6\g] 5, gq d]/f] 

kl/j]zaf6 g6fl9Psf] kf7 ;fob d]/f] cfWoflTds cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf d}n] k|yd 

k7gdf :jLsfg{ g;s]sf] dfq x'g;S5 . sljtfsf sfJoLs u'0fsf cfwf/df d 

kf7ssf] ;flxlTos cle¿lr;Fu kf7sf] ;DaGw d}qLo 5 . 

bf];|f] k|Zg lyof]— s[ltdf k|f0f eg] { sfd n]vsn] u5{ jf kf7sn] < o; sljtfsf] 

;Gbe{df d kf7sdf eGbf sljdf a9L cf:yf / cfWoflTds kl/kSjtf kfOPsf] 5 . 

kf7sf] k|f0f To;sf] cn+sf/dfkm{t Åbo:kzL{tfdf / af}l4s cfu|xdf klg /x]sf] 

x'G5 . cn+sf/ /rgfsf/n] sljtfnfO{ nufOlbg] j:t' xf] h;/L ls k| ]d / lrGtg klg 

slj :jo+n] sljtfdf eg] { tTj x'g\ . kf7sf] af}l4s cfu|x kf7ssf] a'em\g] k|of; / 

p;sf] af}l4s Ifdtfåf/f v'Nb} cfpg] s'/f xf] . s'g} sljtf a'l4 gePsL ;'Gb/L h:tf 

x'G5g\, s'g} a'l4 ePsf h:tf . a'l4 / ;f}Gbo{ b'j} gePsL gf/Lsf] rrf{ cfjZos 

5}g . t/ ;f}Gbo{n] cfsif{0f u/]kl5 dfq w]/}n] a'l4 klg 5 ls 5}g eg]/ hfFR5g\ . a'l4 

ePsf t/ cfsif{0f gePsf efn]¿kdf pbfpg vf]h]sf sltko cfw'lgs sljtfdf 

n]vgflyo nflnTo kfOFb}g . To;}n] sljtfsf] kf7df k|f0f eg] { sfd n]vs / kf7ssf] 

;+o'Qm cleofg xf] . 

31 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

t];|f] k|Zg lyof]— k'gk{7gsf ¿kfGtl/t kf7 s] x'g\ / oL kf7n] d kf7sdf s] 

kl/jt{g NofP < k|yd hDsfe]6df of}6f ldysdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[t k/+k/fsf] cWofTdjfbL 

/ cfw'lgstfeGbf w]/} cufl8sf] ;fob elQmdfuL{ cleJolQm / Tof] klg g]kfnL 

hglha|f]df ;xhtf kfpg g;s]/ ;+:s[tdo hl6ntfdf ?dlNnPsf] kf7 eg]/ em08}n] 

kG5fO;s]sf] sljtfsf] k'gk{7gkZrft\ o;df ef}ltsjfb / cWofTdjfbsf] bL3{sfnLg 

åGåaf6 cfkm\gf] kl/kSj ljZjf;sf cfwf/df cfWoflTdstfsf kIfw/ ;|i6fn] ;fu|x 

;r]t snfsfl/tf;lxt dfgj oyfy{sf] ¿kssf] ¿kdf Jofdf]lxt uf]lkgLsf] bzf 

j0f{g ub} { ;f] bzfsf] sf/0f cyf{t\ ;|i6f -snfsf/, slj_ :jo+sf] cfgGbsf] j0f{g 

u/]sf] ;kmn sljtfsf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} zAb / ltgsf ;Dej cy{sf 

cfwf/df cflwsfl/s cy{ gsfb} { k|To]s kf7df gjLg /x:o v'Ng] ;+efjgf :jLsf/]sf] 

5 . o;f] ubf{ kf7n] d]/f] cfkm\g} cfWoflTds ljZjf;pk/ ;Gb]x 36fP/ ;f] ljZjf;nfO{ 

/ dfgj ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ ltvfg] { sfd ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . 

/ clGtd k|Zg lyof]— s'g} kf7 k|yd hDsfe]6df cfsif{s nfu]g eg] ;d:of 

kf7sf] xf] ls kf7ssf] xf] < b'j}sf] x'g;S5 . t/ o; sljtfdf eg] d"n ;d:of d 

kf7ss} ePsf] 7x/fPsf] 5' lsgeg] wfld{s cEof;;Fu ufFl;Psf] cWofTdjfb d]/f] 

hLjgsf] v'/fs x}g . o;f] eGb}df c¿sf] klg x'g'x'b}g eGg uPF eg] d Pp6f cufw 

cGwljZjf;sf] vf8ndf kg] { 5' . ;fy}, kf7sf] hl6ntf ;d]t cfkm"nfO{ ;';"lrt 

kf7s 7x/fpg] d]/} ;d:of xf] . kf7 ;d:ofhgs To;a]nf aG5 ha Tof] lSni6tfsf] 

r/d ;Ldfdf k'U5 cyjf lSni6tf ;xh kfl/;s]kl5 nfu]sf] cy{ olt ;fdfGo x'G5 

ls To;n] kmnsf] ld7f; lbg ;Sb}g cyjf efiff / cn+sf/sf] rxssf] cefjdf 

sfJosf/Ltfg} x/fPsf] x'G5 . o; cy{df æj+zLw/sf] lbJo j+zLÆ w]/} ;d:ofhgs 

sljtf gePtf klg n]vgfysf pTs[i6 sljtfdWo]sf] Pp6f o;sf/0fn] xf]Og ls 

slj lz/f]dl0fn] o; sljtfdf cfw'lgstftkm{eGbf ;+:s[t jfª\dosf] k/Dk/ftkm{g} 

cfˆgf] sfJoef/ la;fPsf] cg'ej kf7snfO{ x'G5 . 

♣♦♥♠ 

cleJolQm 

tyf 

cGo ljleGg ;flxlTos klqsfx¿sf ;fy} ljljw kf7Ø;fdu|Lx¿ 

Pjd\ :6]zg/L ;fdfgx¿sf lgldQ xfdLnfO{ ;+emg'xf];\ 

kf7Ø ;fdu|L k;n 

-k|f]= sdn ;'j]bL_ 

hfd] dfs] {6, /Tgkfs{, k;n g+= !*, kmf]g M $@$#!%) 

32 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

;/sf/ 

avtaxfb''/ yfkf 

/];d ;fg}b]lv rsrs] :jefjsf] lyof] . ;'g]s} e/df h]hlt hfGof], p;sf 

lglDt w]/} x'GYof] . lstfa k6Ss} gx]g] { . n]Vgdf klg ToxL hfFu/d?jf rfn b]v]/ 

p;sf ;fyLx¿ lh:SofpFy]— …/];d kl5 uP/ 8fS6/} aG5 xf]nf . n]Vgdf olt 

sGh':ofOF u5{ ls cfkm"n] afx]s s;}n] ga'e"mg\ eG7fG5 . nf]eL sxLFsf] ÛÚ 

/];d 7fG5— …k9\g / n]Vg eg]sf] ;a}eGbf emGeml6nf] sfd xf] .Ú 

5f]/fsf] afgLa]xf]/fn] cfdfa'jfnfO{ c;Xo x'G5 . pgLx¿ p;nfO{ emkfg] { u5{g\ . 

/];dnfO{ nfU5– cfˆgf] ;d:of t 5Fb} 5, csf] {tkm{ cfdfa'jf klg cfˆgf OR5f 

cfsf+Iff d}dfly y'kf5{g\ . ;fy} pgLx¿sf] lbdfudf y'lk|Psf] kmf]xf]/d}nf klg d]/} 

6fpsf]df vGofpF5g\ . s;}sf] 5f]/f k9\gn]Vgdf /fd|f] eP pgLx¿ d]/f] 5f]/f] klg 

To:t} xf];\ eG7fG5g\ . s;}n] gfdbfd sdfPsf] b]v]df ;f]R5g\— d]/f] 5f]/fn] lsg 

u/]g . l6eLdf s'g} /fd|f] snfsf/ b]v]df dlt/ x]5{g\, km]l/ l6eLtkm{ x]5{g\ . ;f]Rbf 

x'g\— d]/f] 5f]/f] o:tf] lsg gePsf] < ;+;f/el/s} /fd|f] s'/f] d}dfly vf]H5g\ . 

cleefjsnfO{ v';L kfg{;Sg' d]/f] jzdf 5}g . o; sf/0f hfgfhfgL /];dnfO{ ufnL 

vfg] afgL kg{ yfNof] . slxn]sfxLF r'6fO klg kfOxfNYof] . 

/];dnfO{ af]nfpFbf a'jfn] uwf, eft] h:tf zAb k|of]u u/] eg] pgL 5f]/fb]lv 

v';L 5g\ eGg] 7flgGYof] . ;Demfpg' eg]sf] xKsfpg' bKsfpg'h:tf] lyof] . o;n] ubf{ 

pm lgi7'/, ¿vf] :jefjsf] eof] . h]h:tf] sfds'/f] cfOnfu] klg dtna} 5}g p;nfO{, 

;fgf]ltgf] b'vn] p;sf] dg} 5'g ;Sb}g, ;'Vvf hldg h:tf] . 

cfdfa'jfs} lglDt k9]h:tf], ;ft kf; ePkl5 cufl8 k9\g] cfF6 ePg p;sf] . 

To;kl5 c¿s} nxnx}df slxn] sfnfkxf8 t slxn] stf lxF8\g yfNof] . hxfF 

hfGYof], cfˆg} k|sf/sf] ;d"x agfpFYof] . cfkm" k|foM gfOs]s} ¿kdf a:Yof] . p;n] 

hfg]sf] lyof] w"dkfg ug{ / h'jftf; v]Ng . cfkm"df ePsf snf afF8\gdf p;n] 

slxNo} sGh':ofOF u/]g . h;nfO{ ;fyL agfpFYof], p;}nfO{ laufl/lbGYof] . p;sf 

dftflktf cfˆgf] 5f]/fb]lv b'vL t lyP g}, …t]/f] 5f]/fn] d]/f] aRrfnfO{ laufl/lbof]Ú 

eGg] l5d]sLx¿af6 klg lbSs x'Gy] . olQs}df s;}n] p;nfO{ k|x/Ldf egf{ ul/lbof] . 

emGeml6nf] sfdn] /];dnfO{ slxNo} 5f]8]g . dflyNnf] cf]xf]bfsf sd{rf/Lsf] 

;fd'Gg] kbf{ lhp tGsfpg' ;a}eGbf lbSsnfUbf] lyof] p;sf nflu . klxnf] e]6df of 

lbgsf] Psk6s :ofn'6 dfbf{ gx'g], e]6}lkR5] lhp tGsfpFb} :ofn'6 dfg{ 'kb{Yof] . of] 

sfdeGbf p;nfO{ sfnfkxf8 uP/ dgn] rfx]sf] ef/L af]Sg' plrt nfUg yfNof] . 

Ps lbg p;sf] ;fyL g/]n] ;Demfof]— …/];d, xfdL zflGtsf k|tLs xf} F, To;}n] 

lgod sfg'gdf afFlwg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf] . :ofn'6 dfg' {, lhp tGsfpg' eg]sf] cfˆgf] 

dof{bfdf a:g' xf] .Ú 

;fyLsf] s'/fn] p;sf] lrQ a'em]g . 

p;sf] lbdfudf Pp6f h'lQm km'¥of]— lhp tGsfpg' eg]sf] em'Sg' t x}g lg, 

csf{nfO{ d"v{ 7fg]/ cfˆgf] z/L/ k|bz{g ug' { klg t x'g;S5 . 

/];dn] lrQ a'emfpg] 7fpF kfof] . To;kl5 p;nfO{ cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] cf]xf]bfsf 

sd{rf/LsxfF uO/fVg] OR5f x'GYof] / lhp tGsfpFb} ;f]RYof]— tFeGbf x§fs§f / 

hf]l;nf] 5', gkTofP x]/\ Û 

33 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

Ps lbg pm To:tf] 7fpFdf k'Uof], hxfF vfnL uf8LnfO{, s';L{nfO{ klg lhp 

tGsfP/ :ofn'6 dfg' {k¥of] . oL j:t'nfO{ d"v{ 7fGg] s'/f] gb]lvPkl5 p;sf] hLp– 

tGsfO km]l/ jfSslbSsnfUbf] eof] . olQs}df g/]sf] a9'jf eof] . ca /];dnfO{ cfˆg} 

;fyL g/]sf] ;fd'Gg] kbf{ klg lhp tGsfpg'kg] { ;d:of cfOnfUof] . ta p;n] hfGof]— 

csf{nfO{ d"v{ 7fGg'eGbf pQd pkfo cfˆg} cf]xf]bf a9fpg' /x]5 . t/ s;/L < 

p;sf] duhdf ;fyL g/]sf] a9'jfsf] cfwf/ gfRg yfNof]– g/] ahf/df lrof 

lkpFb} lyof], p;n] cfˆgf] ;}lgs ;fyLnfO{ ahf/df lxF8\b} u/]sf] b]v]5 . pQm ;}lgs 

ahf/ lg/LIfssf] sfddf vl6Psf] lyof] . g/]sf cfFvfn] p;}nfO{ k5\ofO/x]sf lyP . 

csf] {tkm{af6 cfPsf] hjfg / ;}lgsaLr s'/f x'g yfNof] . olQs}df cfuGt'sn] 

crfgs ;}lgssf] d'vdf hf]8bf/ d'Ssf hdfof] . ;}lgs b'j} xftn] 6fpsf] ;dfP/ 

3f]lK6of] . cfuGt'sn] ;'OFs'Srf 7f]Sof] . g/] lrof vfFb} u/]sf] k;nsf] afofFtkm{af6 

ufpFlt/ k:g] uf]/]6f] lyof] . euf}8]sf] nIo ToxL uNnL /x]5 . g/]n] a'?Ss pk|m]/ Tof] 

euf}8]nfO{ kqmfp u¥of] . s]/sf/ ubf{ pQm euf}8] ahf/sf] lg/LIf0fdf cfPsf] 

5fkfdf/ /x]5 . To; 5fkfdf/nfO{ kqm]sf] axfb'/Ln] g/]nfO{ Ps txdfly k'¥ofPsf] xf] . 

/];d klg o:t} df}sf 5f]Kg] sNkgfdf pl8/Xof] . lgs} ;do laTof], t/ p;nfO{ 

dfly r9fpg] s'g} ;Ghf]u cfOnfu]g . clg p;n] cfˆgf] ;f]rfO ;fyLefOlt/ 

nufof] . p;sf] dl:tissf] s'gfsfKrfdf k'/fgf] ;fyL bfg] n's]sf] /x]5 . bfg]nfO{ 

/];dn] w"dkfg ug] {, h'jftf; v]Ng], csf{sf] af/Lsf kmnkm"n rf]g{ ], s;}sf s'v'/f df/L 

vfOlbg] h:tf s'ntdf hfs]/ 5f]8]sf] lyof] . 

…bfg]n] cfˆgf] sfdwGbf a9fof] ls gfOF

{ 

lyof] . ha ;]tf;]tf k'l8of;lxt ljb]zL ;dfltof] ta /];dn] tnf;L lng'sf] tfTko{ 

rfn kfof] . ;fFem sf]7fdf k'Ubf /];dn] Pp6f k'l8of cfˆgf] uf]hLdf kfof] . …d]/f] 

kfs]6df ;]tf] k'l8of Û s;/L cfof]

t]/f] efO k/]/ dfq}, gq b'j}sf] Ifltk"lt{ u/fpFy] F .Ú 

…o;df d]/f] Ifltk"lt{sf] s'/f stfaf6 cfof]

;'GtnLn] afy?daf6 ;a} s'/f] ;'g]sL lyO{ . h]7fHo"sf] s/t't a'em]/ p;sf] d'6' 

km'6\nfh:tf] eSsflgof] . xftv'§f n'nf eP . pm afy?dd} y]Rrfl/O{ . 

aflx/ /];d eGb} lyof]— …s]s] ;fdfg lnP/ cfpg" < cfh /ft}el/ hDg'k5{ .Ú 

;fÚa /];dnfO{ cFufnf]df afFw]/ ;fdfgsf] gfd eGb} k/;Dd k'¥ofpg uof] . ToxL 

df}sf 5f]k]/ ;'GtnL efuL . 

3/ kms] {/ p;n] ufpFn]x¿nfO{ 8fsL / cfˆgf h]7fHo"sf] s/t't eG8fkmf]/ u/L . 

ufpFn]x¿ k|x/L sfof{no k'u] . /Tg] / sfG5f]sf] km};nf ePs} lyPg, /];d / Tof] ;fÚa 

klg ;dfltP . 

…d]/f] kxF 'rn] b]z} xNnfOlbG5Ú eGg] ;fÚasf] kxF 'rn] d'2f ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf 

k'Uof] . To;}n] sfG5f], /Tg], /];d / ;fÚa rf/} hgf /fhwfgL rnfg ul/P . 

d'2f sf7df8f} +df k'Ug'sf] tfTko{ s;}sf] rfn xf] eGg] a'em]/ ufpFn]x¿n] lbguGtL 

vfglkgsf nflu rfdn, /f]6L, u'Gb' |ssf] crf/, gf:tfsf lglDt u]8fu'8Lsf] hf]xf] u/] . 

km'6kfydf /ft sf6\gsf nflu yfª\gf af]s] . ufpFaf6 sf7df8f} Fsf] cfp–hfpsf nflu 

k|To]s JolQm b'O{ xhf/ l/g p7fP/ PSsfO{; hgf /fhwfgL lelqP . ufpFn] ;a}n] 

cbfnts} k|f+u0fdf 8]/f hdfPkl5 tfl/v Ps dlxgfk5fl8 ;fl/of] . of] rfn kfP/ 

ufpFn]x¿ tLg5s k/] . pgLx¿nfO{ sf7df8f} Fdf Ps dlxgf latfpg' sNkg} ug{ 

g;lsg] s'/f lyof] . l/gkfg u/]/ csf] { k6s cfOxfn] klg km]l/ tfl/v g;nf{ eGg] s] 

ljZjf; < To;}n] sfG5f] / /Tg]sf] km};nf eujfg\sf] e/df 5f]8]/ r'sr'sfpFb} 

ufpFn]x¿ kms] { . 

dlxgflbg gk'Ub} ;fÚax¿sf] l/xfO eof] . Pslbg sfG5f] / /Tg]nfO{ s73/fdf 

pEofOof] . o; k6s ufpFaf6 ;'GtnL dfq cfPsL lyO{ . ul/aLsf sf/0f pgLx¿n] 

jlsn /fVg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . 

cfˆgf] ;kmfOdf sfG5f]n] eGof]— …;/sf/ Û xh'/x¿s} cf1f lz/f]k/ ;Dem]/ £o", 

dx vf]Hg hfGy] F .Ú p;n] cfˆgf] egfO 6'ª\Uofpg kfPsf]df ;Gtf]if dfGof] . 

/Tg]n] cfˆgf] ;kmfOdf eGof]— …xh'/, d tL k'l8ofsf] gfd / sfd s] xf] hflGbgF . 

s;n] nu]/ d]/f] xf]6ndf /fVof], dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ;/sf/, ddfly OG;fkm ul/of];\ .Ú 

olQs}df p;sf] b[li6 cfFvfdf k§L afFw]/ t/fh' ;dfO/x]sf] d"lt{df k¥of] . ;f]Rg 

yfNof]— GofosL b]jLsf cfFvfdf t sfnf] sk8f afFw]sf 5g\, d h:tf] c;xfosf] 

OG;fkm s;/L xf]nf < p;sf] b[li6 ToxL d"lt{df 6fFl;Psf] lyof] . 8\ofª8\ofª xyf}8Lsf] 

cfjfhn] pm em;Ë eof] . 

GofofwLzn] km};nf ;'gfP– …b]zb|f]xLsf] cleof]udf sfG5f]nfO{ b; jif{ ;hfo 

ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} bf];|f] cleo'Qm /Tg]nfO{ r/];sf] sf/f]af/df ;+nUg 7x¥ofO{ 

cfhLjg sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo tf]lsPsf] 5 .Ú 

km};nf ;'g]/ sfG5f] / /Tg] b'j}sf xftv'§f nunufP . ;'GtnL cfFvfel/ cfF;' 

lnP/ nf]Ug];fd' k'uL . sfG5f]sf cfFvf lt/ld/fP . p;n] cfˆgL ;'GtnLnfO{ kfgLdf 

8'Ab} uPh:tf] lt/ld/ lt/ld/ b]Vof] . :jf:gLsf] xft kqm]/ eGof]— …b; jif{;Dd kSs} 

klg afFlRbgF . d]/f] cfzf gug" {, d]/f] cfzLjf{b 5 cfˆgf] Joj:yf u/] x} < 7fg, d 

cfh}b]lv d/] F .Ú 

sxfF hfpFm / s] u¿F eO/x]sL ;'GtnLnfO{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] k|f+u0faf6} Pp6fn] 

cfˆgf] sf]7fdf nUof] . kfFr ;ft lbg 8]/fdf /fVof] . clg cfkm"n] lbPsf] jrg cg';f/ 

Soflag /]:6'/]G6df hflu/ nufOlbof] . 

37 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

;'GtnLsf] vfg]a:g] ;d:of hflu/n] 65{ . l6K; kfPsf] / lhp a]r]sf] k};f 

hf]ufP/ /fV5] . Ps b'O{ lbg la/fP/ Kof/f] nf]Ug]nfO{ e]6\g hfG5] . e]63f6df pgLx¿ 

cf} Fnf efFrLefFrL sfG5f]sf h]ndf s6]sf lbg÷dlxgf uGg slxNo} e'Nb}gg\ . ;'GtnL 

kmls{ +bf sfG5f]sf cfFvfn] k5\ofpF5g\ . kmnfdsf 8G8Ld} emf]qmfP/ pm ;f]R5— s] d]/L 

;'GtnL csf] { k6s klg e]6\g cfpnL < 

♣♦♥♠ 

wgsf] gzf 

;'lznf b]phf 

g}lts, cg}lts tl/sfn] x'G5 ls 9fF6]/, n'6]/, rf]/]/ h] u/]/ x'G5 hLjgdf wg 

k|;:t sdfpg' k5{ . wg g} xf] ;dfhdf dfg, OHht, zfg, zf}st, P]z cf/fd / 

dgnfO{ zLtntf lbg] . cfhsf] hdfgfdf ;a} eGbf 7"nf] s'/f xf] wgÒ Ò wg eP 

lzIffsf] klg h?/t kb{ }g eGg] Ps JolStsf] dfGotf lyof] . 

To;} cg'¿k hLjgdf p;n] ljZjf;3ft u/]/ x'G5 ls s;}sf] dg b'vfP/ x'G5 

ls s;}nfO{ larNnLdf kf/]/ x'G5 wg k|;:t sdfof] . hlt hlt wg sdfpFb} uof]— 

p;sf] wgk|ltsf] ef]s d]l6g'sf] ;f6f] emg\ a9b} uof] . rf}aL;} 3G6f s]jn wg hf]uf8 

ug{ ] WofpGgfdf dfq pm /xg yfNof] . To;jfx]s p;nfO{ c? s'g} s'/fsf] Wofg /x]g . 

wg ;+ro ug{ ], of] klg Pp6f cgf}7f] /f]u egf+ } of gzf /x]5 . o;sf] g s'g} 

;Ldf 5 g k"0f{tf . s'g laGb'df k'u]/ of] rfx k"0f{ x'g] / k'Uof] egL ;Gt'li6sf] cfef; 

ldNg] < oxfF sdfPsf] k};f k/nf]s hfFbf ;fydf lnP/ hfg kfOFb}g . ;a} oxL+ 5f]8L 

l/Qf] xft hfg' k5{ . dfof u/L :ofxf/]sf] z/L/ t ;fydf hfFb}g eGg] hfGbf hfGb} klg 

dflg; olt nfnrL x'G5g\ eg] ;fFlRrs} ;a} s'/f ;fy} lnP/ hfg kfOG5 eGg] ePsf] 

eP dflg;n] s] s] dfq uy{ ] xf]nfg\ . of] s'/f To; JolSt ;+u 7ØfSs d]n vfGYof] . 

p;sf] wgk|ltsf] cfzlQm / wg sdfpg h] klg u5{ eGg] s'/f j/k/ 5/l5d]s 

rLg]hfg]sf ;a}df AofKt lyof] . cfk"mnfO{ chDd/L kf] 7fg]sf] xf] lsÒ hLjgdf 

p;n] wg sdfpg' jfx]s bfg, wd{, ;fdflhs sfo{ s]xL u/]g . 

o:t} bf}8f bf}8df o; wlt{sf] bfgf kfgL ;lsP/ cgGt ofqfdf hfg] lbg klg 

cfO;s]5 . Ps lbg pm ;bfsf] nflu o; nf]saf6 labf eof] . 

cfkmGtx¿ afhfufhf ;lxt\ cGToli6sf] nflu p;sf] d[t z/L/nfO{ 3f6tkm{ 

n}hfFb} lyP . af6f]df Pslqt a6'jfx¿sf] eL8 p;sf] clGtd ofqf efjz"Go gogn] 

x]b{ } lyof] . d[tssf kl/lrt, Ps ul/a j[4 JolSt bf}8L bf}8L Tot} cfO/x]y] . eL8af6 

Pshgfn] ltgnfO{ /f]Sb} ;f] ]w]— …:ofF :ofF ub{ } xtf/ xtf/ stf hfg nfu]sf] af

{ 

lagf sf/0f 

/d0f l3ld/] 

raman.ghimire@gmail.com 

cfsfz slt dfly 5 < tLg bzseGbf cl3b]lv …vf]hÚ cleofgdf leQf–kvf{n 

sf]b} { lxF8]sf l;Gw'nL, eLd]Zj/— *, v'sf] {6sf eLdaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ Ps lbg crfgs 

af]w eof], cfsfz t xfdLeGbf Ps l;Gsf] dfq dfly /x]5, t/ klg 5'g g;lsg] . 

eLdaxfb'/ …vf]hÚsf] vf]hLdf oltsf jif{ ef} Ftfl/P/ pgn] cfljisf/ u/]sf] ;To xf], 

Ps l;Gsf] dflysf] c:kzL{o cfsfz . ;fFRr} t xf] lg, dflg; hlt g} dfly p7] klg 

pm cfsfzeGbf Ps l;Gsf] d'lg g} x'G5 . Ps l;Gsf] cyf{t\ Pp6f /f} +sf] cGt/fn . t/, 

5'g s;}n] ;s]gg\ . ;u/dfyfdf emG8f kmx/fpg]x¿n] klg cflv/ cfsfz t sxfF 

5'g ;s] / Û cfsfz eg]sf] Pp6f d[ut[i0ff xf], hlt nDSof] ToltTolt dfly plSnFb} 

hfG5 . To;}n] cfsfz Ps lg/fsf/ dxTjfsfª\Iff xf] . :j¿kxLg ;f}Gbo{ xf] . o;nfO{ 

af]w dfq ug{ ;lsG5, :kz{ ug{ ;lsFb}g . To;}n] z'esfdgf lbg]x¿n] eG5g\– æltdL 

cfsfz 5'g p7 ÛÆ of] eg]sf] pGgltsf nflu cl3 a9 Û 

dnfO{ nfU5, of]eGbf a]sfd] / lgik|of]hg z'e]R5f, cfzLjf{b csf] { s]xL 5}g . 

dflg;n] lbFb}df nfUg] eP p;n] o:tf z'e]R5f, z'esfdgfx¿ cfkm} F;Fu /fVg] lyof], 

afF8\g] lyPg . olb xft nDsfP/ yfª\u|f]sf] sfFqmf]h:t} cfsfz 5f]Og] eP, ;fob o:tf] 

z'esfdgf s;}n] s;}nfO{ lbg] lyPg . h] c;Dej 5, Tof] xf]cf];\ eGg'df dflg; 

/dfp5 . lsgeg] To;sf nflu p;n] s'g} kl/>d ug{ ' kb} {g . s'g} Tofu ug{ ' kb} {g . 

s]xL u'dfpg' kb} {g . dflg; cfkm"nfO{ ;w} F el/k"0f{ b]Vg rfxG5, pm cfkm" l/lQPsf] 

;xg ;Qm}g . gl/lQP klg s;}nfO{ lbFbf ;lsG5 ls eGg] cfzª\sfn] pm cfˆgf] 

x}l;otsf] s'/f pm s;}nfO{ lbFb}g . /, lg:tf] cfzLjf{b, z'esfdgf lbG5– …ltdL 

cfsfz 5'g p7 ÛÚ 

cfsfz Pp6f k|tLs xf], c;Dej ofqfsf] . hf] h"gdf k'u], ltgn] klg cfsfz 5'g 

;s]gg\ . ToxfF klg cfsfz :kz{eGbf s]xL OGr dfly g} lyof] . cfsfz eg]sf] cb[Zo zlQm 

xf] ;fob . xfdL cfsfzsf] k"hf u5f} {, b;lbzfdf cIftf, km"nkftL 5/]/ . t/, tL cIftf / 

km"nkftLx¿n] klg cfsfznfO{ g5f]O{ e'OFdf emg{ 'k5{ . jf:tjdf cfsfz 5'g' eg]sf] 

cIftfh:t} dfly pk|m]/ e'OFdf ahfl/g' xf] . cfsfzdf sf]xL klg 7f]lSsFb}g, wtL{d} 

7f]lSsG5 . wtL{ eg]sf] cl:tTj xf], prfOdf dnhn k'¥ofpg] h/f xf] / klxrfgsf] 

emG8f kmkm{/fpg] 8G8L ufl8Psf] hldg xf] . cfsfz kmut Ps :j}/sNkgf xf] . s:tf 

s:tf tLj|ultdfg\ jfo'ofgx¿ ag] t/ tL s'g} klg cfsfzdf 7Ss/ vfP/ cfh;Dd 

b'3{l6t ePsf 5}gg\ . ltgn] klg cfsfznfO{ :kz{ ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . t/, xfjfd} ;xL 

b'3{l6t eOxfn]sf klg cflv/ wtL{d} v;]sf 5g\ . dflyaf6 v:g] s'/f tnlt/ em5{ 

eg]/ u'?Tjfsif{0fsf] l;4fGtn] h] kl/eflift u/f];\, t/ k[YjL pN6f] eof] eg] klg xfdL 

km]l/ wtL{d} v:5f} +, pFef] v:t}gf} + . h] xf];\ . 

;fob cfsfz eGg' g} O{Zj/ xf] . lsgeg] O{Zj/ klg cfsfzh:t} cb[Zo 5, 

ck|fKo / :kz{xLg 5 . xfdL To;nfO{ xftn] 5'g ;Qm}gf} + . s'g} Gofgf] cg'e"lt ug{ 

;Qm}gf} + . h'g s'/f ck|fKo 5 To;sf] k|flKtsf nflu xfdL x/;Dej sf]l;; u5f} + . 

39 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

[ 

{ 

;fob To;}n] dfq xfdL O{Zj/sf] cf/fwgf u5f} + . t/, cfkm";Fu} ePsf] dxTjk"0f{ 

s'/fsf] xfdLnfO{ jf:tf x' Fb}g . xfdL ;fFrf] cy{df wd{eL? xf} +, k/hLjL xf} F . olb O{Zj/ 

;fFRrL g} :j¿kdf e]l6g] eP, dflg;sf nflu pm ;a}eGbf ;:tf], ck"Ho / dxTjxLg 

x'g]lyof] . lsgeg] O{Zj/;Fu klg To;avt dflg;nfO{ lbgsf nflu s]xL s'/f afFsL 

/xg] lyPg . dflg;sf] :jefj xf], pm dflu/xG5 / cfˆgf] nflu dfq dflu/xG5 . 

dflg; olt w]/} dxTjfsfª\Iffdf afFr]sf] 5, p;nfO{ l;ª\u} k[YjL klg ck'u x'G5 . 

clg O{Zj/ :y"n ¿kdf k|s6 x'g]eP p;n] sltnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg{ ;SYof] / < 

levf/Ln] dfu]sf] b]lvG5 . lsgeg] pm b[Zodf dflu/x]sf] x'G5, pm pHofnf]df 

5 . t/, sd{rf/L / dGqL–g]tfsf dfu cb[Zo x'G5g\, cFWof/f]df x'G5g\ . 6]and'lgsf] 

n]gb]gdf x'G5 Tof] . Tof] k|ToIftM b[Zodf s]xL x' Fb}g t/ leqleq} w]/} eO/x]sf] x'G5 . 

Gofosf s';L{df a;]sfx¿;d]t\ u}/Goflos sfddf km;]sf 5g\ . clVtof/sf 

7"nfa9fx¿sf] st" {t ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 dflg;sf] dgdf ca Gofo vf]Hg uf]vf{ g} 

hfg'kg] { xf] ls eGg] låljwf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . t/, uf]vf{s} l5d]sL ndh'ªsf 

k|wfgfWofks d'lQmgfy clwsf/Lsf] ljgfs;'/ g[;+z xTof x'g'n] ca uf]vf{df klg 

Gofosf] s'g} t'; afFsL 5h:tf] nfUb}g . t/, 6]and'lgsf] v]n slxNo} ;dfKt ePg . 

Joj:yf km]l/P, km]l/Psf] Joj:yf;Fu} dflg;x¿ klg km]l/P t/ k|j[lQ < Tof] cfhsf 

sd{rf/L of dGqLx¿n] klg 3'; dfu]h:tf] . pgLx¿n] u}/sfg'gL sfd kmQ] u/fOlbP 

afkt\ vfg] 3'; xf] . x'g t ljlwjt x'g] sfddf klg sd{rf/L, dGqLx¿n] a]nfa]nf 

l5s] { nufpg] u5{g\ / ef]Qmf ltgnfO{ nfrf/ eP/ 3' '; lbg jfWo x'G5 . 3'; leveGbf 

w]/} vt/fgfs x'G5 . dflg;n] oxL vt/gfs 3'; O{Zj/nfO{ klg v'jfO/x]sf] x'G5 . 

kz'kltgfysf] 9f]sf;fd' 3' F8f 6]s]/, k'hf/LnfO{ df]6f] blIf0ff lbP/ eQmsf gftfn] 

dflg; O{Zj/nfO{ 3'; r9fO/x]sf] x'G5 . t/, Tof] 3'; vfG5 k'hf/Ln] . clg pm eG5, 

æd ltd|f] dfu O{Zj/;dIf k'¥ofOlbG5' .Æ yfxf 5}g— O{Zj/ 5 ls 5}g < 5 eg] s'g 

ofgdf af]sfP/, s'g nf]sdf Tof] blIf0ff k'¥ofOG5 . 

oBlk cfd k'hf/L k|e[ltx¿sf x[bodf cfh klg O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj hLjGt 5 . 

zª\s/frfo{x¿, d7fwLzx¿, g]kfnL–lxGbL Rofgndf b]lvg] ljleGg wd{;Dk|bfosf 

u'?x¿sf] Joj;fo O{Zj/sf] JofVof / :t'ltn] rn]sf] 5 . O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj 5 eGg] 

s'/fdf ljrf/ wd{/fpg]lalQs} pgLx¿sf] bf]sfg aGb x'G5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ klg 

Jofj;flos ¿kdf O{Zj/sf] kIfkf]if0f ul//x]5g\ . s'g} /fhgLlt1n] cfˆgf] bnnfO{ 

dfq a9L nf]stflGqs / hgd'vL eg]/ ckfª\u ts{ lbPh:t} oL wd{u'?x¿ O{Zj/sf 

gfddf Joj;fo rnfO/x]5g\ . logsf klg leGg leGg O{Zj/ 5g\, bnsf g]tfx¿em} + . 

leGgleGg cf:yfk'~hx¿ 5g\, Pp6} bnleq km/s sfo{stf{sf km/s g]tf ePem} F . 

bnx¿ cfGbf]ng u5{g\ / s'ln{G5g\, æxfdL hgtfsf] d'lQm / b]zsf] :jtGqtfsf nflu 

cfGbf]ng ul//x]5f} + .Æ t/, cfh;Dd s'g} o:tf] hgtf e]l6Psf] 5}g h;n] …tL cd's 

bnaf6 d}n] of] of] d'lQm kfPFÚ, eg]/ p;n] Tof] a'lemlnPsf] ekf{O u/]sf] xf];\ . b]zn] 

t af]Ng] s'/} cfPg, pm cl:tTj eP/ klg lghL{j 5 . g t s'g} wd{u'?n] O{Zj/sf gfddf 

eQmx¿af6 lnPsf] cs't blIf0ff O{Zj/n] a'em]sf] ekf{O b]vfpg ;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfkm" 

lnG5g\, cfkm} F pkef]u u5{g\ t/ O{Zj/sf gfddf . klxnf /fhgLlt wd{sf gfddf rNYof] . 

clxn] wd{ /fhgLltsf cf8df rln/x]5 . km/s olt dfq xf] . 

40 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

+ 

bnx¿n] hgtfsf gfddf /fHo sAhf u/]sf 5g\ . d7fwLzx¿n] O{Zj/sf 

gfddf wd{nfO{ aGbL agfPsf 5g\ . clg k]6Ldf nDk;f/ levf/L eG5,— æd b'MvL 5', 

bl/b| 5', O{Zj/sf gfddf bof u/]/ s]xL lbg'xf];\ ÛÆ oxfFg]/ k'u]/ levf/L klg O{Zj/ 

sf] Ph]G6 x'g k'U5 . pm cfˆgf nflu O{Zj/nfO{ ehfO/x]5 . 

oBlk cfˆgf] :jtGq cl:tTjdf sf]xL afFRg rfxFb}gg\ . g /fhgLltdf, g wd{df . 

cfˆgf] s'/f l;4 ug{ sf]xL dfS;{, n]lgg / dfcf]nfO{ cl3 ;f5{g\, sf]xL ufGwL / 

aL=kL=nfO{ . sf]xL /fd–s[i0fnfO{ b]vfpF5g\, sf]xL df]xDdb, u'? gfgs, Oz'nfO{, sf]xL 

;fO{afafnfO{ . /fhgLlt xf];\ of wd{ sf]xL;Fu :jTj 5}g . ;a} csf{sf] ljrf/, af]nL 

/ Jojxf/nfO{ ;fk6L lnP/ cfkm"nfO{ To;sf] Pp6f …Ph]G6Ú ;fljt ul//x]5g\ . 

;fFrf] cy{df eGbf of] b'lgofF Ph]G6af6 ;~rflnt 5 . sf]xL /fhgLltsf Ph]G6 

5g\, sf]xL wd{sf . a? /fhgLlts …Ph]G6Úx¿n] hgtfsf] cfFvfdf 5f/f] xfNg b'O{rf/ 

jrgj4tfx¿ k"/f u5{g\ xf]nf . t/, k'hf/L / levf/L Û logn] t ;/f;/ 7lu/x]5g\ . 

levf/Ln] k]6sf nflu O{Zj/sf gfddf 7lu/x]5 . pm kl/>d gug{ 7lu/x]5, gofF 

l;h{gf gug{ 7lu/x]5 . wdf{wLzx¿ cfˆgf] ef]u / P]o\of;Lsf nflu 7lu/x]5g\, 

:jfy{l;l4 ug{ 7lu/x]5g\ . /fhgLltsf hgtf x'g\ of wd{sf eQm, logLx¿ cGttM 

Pp6} x'g\ / logLx¿ cgGtsfnb]lv Pp6} lgoltdf 7luO/x]5g\ . logsf] pTs07f 

7luPsf] 5, logsf] sNkgf 7luPsf] 5 / logsf] ;kgf 7luPsf] 5 . 

Oltxf;n] eG5, lbP/ sf]xL ;DkGg x' Fb}g . ef}lts¿kdf ;DkGg xf]nf lbP/ t/ 

l;h{gf;DkGg x'g k|ltef g} rflxG5 . a? sf]xLsf]xL n'6]/ wgL ePsf xf]nfg\, 8fsf 

u/]/, 7u]/ wgL ePsf 5g\ . cr]n l;h{gfdf klg 7uL / 8s}tL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . of] 

a]Un} s'/f xf] . cfh O{Zj/ :jod\ klg 7luO/x]sf] 5 . wd{ / Hof]ltifsf gfddf 

wd{eL?x¿sf] sdhf]/ ceLK;fnfO{ wdf{wLzx¿ 7lu/x]5g\ . To;}n] cfhsf] o'udf 

clt{ lngnfO{ klg z'Ns ltg' {k5{, hfgLhfgL 7lug'k5{ . ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg] cg]sf} 

;ª\3–;+:yf / JolQmx¿n] lbg] klg t clt{ g} xf] lg . t/, clt{ gub r'Qmf gu/L st} 

kfOFb}g . u'? /fdb]j of]u a]r]/ u'hf/f u5{g\ / dxTjfsf+ +Iffsf] w'/Ldf r9]/ /fhgLlts 

bn vf]N5', /fhgLlt u5{ ' eG5g\ . s/f]8f} + eQmx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo / zf:qsf] ;z'Ns 1fg 

a]Rb} lxF8\g] ljr/f /fdb]j cfkm} F ul/a 5g\ . To;}n] /fhgLltsf] levf/L x' Fb}5g\ . cfh 

c;ª\Vo eQmx¿sf] 9f]u / b08jt\ vfP/ e' F8L 9fl8Psf of]u–u'? ef]ln ltg} hgtfsf cl3 

ef]6 dfUg xft hf]8\b} ufpF–ufpF hfFbf levf/L x'g]5g\ . clt df]xn] dflg;nfO{ /fdb]j 

agfpF5 / /fdb]jnfO{ levf/L . 

wd{u|Gyx¿ eG5g\— O{Zj/ cfsfzeGbf klg dfly 5 . cfsfzeGbf klg cUnf] 

5 . ;fgf]df cfdf klg To;} eGg'x'GYof] . s]6fs]6L pd]/df hxfF kfof] ToxL+ y'lsGYof], 

zf}rflb ul/GYof] . o:tf]df cfdfsf gh/ kbf{ xsfg{ ' x'GYof] . t/, ;f/} :g]xl;Qm, 

ddTjk"0f{ ;fFRr} cfdfs} xsf/fO x'GYof] Tof] . eGg'x'GYof]— æhyfefjL y'Sg' x' Fb}g, 

eujfg\ a;]sf x'G5g\ .Æ lh1f;fjz d ;f]Wy] F— æsxfF a:5g\ eujfg\

To; a]nf ddf s;/L :ju{ hfg ;lsG5 / eujfgnfO{ e]6\g kfOG5 eGg] k|an 

ceLK;f pj{/ ePsf] lyof] . t/, cfdf eGg'x'GYof], d/]kl5 dfq :ju{ hfg kfOG5, Tof] 

klg k'0osd{ u¥of] eg] . pxfF a'jfn] ;'gfPsf] dxfef/tsf] k|;ª\u p4[t ub} { xfdLnfO{ 

a'emfpg' x'GYof]— ælhpFb} :ju{ hfg] t o'lwli7/ dfq x'g\ . eujfg\ s[i0fn] klg d/]/} 

:ju{ hfg'k¥of] .Æ t/, dnfO{ lhpFb} :ju{ hfg dg nfUYof], nflu/xGYof] . cfh a'lem/x]5', 

eujfg\ eg]sf] Pp6f c1ft lgod /x]5, lagf s'g} bafa kfngf u/fpg ;lsg] 

sfObfsf] sfg'g /x]5 . cGwf]o'usf …a'h| 'sÚx¿n] dflg;nfO{ cg'zf;gsf] cb[Zo 

bfDnf]df afFlw/fVg agfPsf] Pp6f clnlvt ;+ljwfg . 

plxn]sf] xl6ofdf kfkwd{sf /ª\uLg kf]:6/x¿ laqmL ul/Gy] . kfkwd{sf s'g} kf]:6/ 

df s;}nfO{ esesL plDnPsf] t]ndf lhpFb} 8'afOPsf] ] x'GYof] . s'g}df s;}sf] tfn'af6 

cf/fn] ;]b} { u/]sf], s;}nfO{ cfuf] afn]/ pFwf]d'G6] em'G8\ofPsf] x'GYof] cflb cflb . kf]:6/sf tL 

x/]s lrqdf s'g kfk u/]jfkt\ s] ;hfo lbOPsf] xf], :ki6 n]lvPsf] x'GYof] . dnfO{ kf]:6/ 

sf tL b[Zox¿ cfhsf ;lDawfg / sfg'gsf k|fjwfgeGbf lqmofTds lyP h:tf] nfU5g\ . 

b;f} +k6s ;+zf]wg eP/ klg ;a}af6 a]jf:tf ul/Psf], s;}n] dfGg' gkg] { cfhsf] ;lDawfg 

-cGtl/d_ sfg'gx¿sf] /fhf eP/ klg /}tL eP/ afFRg ljjz 5 . 

lxGbL l;g]dfsf xL/f]lx/f]Og / df]8]nx¿sf kf]:6/n] kfkwd{sf ;f]:6/nfO{ lj:yflkt 

u/] . t/ ltgsf] gsf/fTds ;Gb]zn] dflg;nfO{ kfksd{ ug{ emg\ pS;fO/x]sf] 5 . 

tL sfd's, cw{gUg kf]:6/sf] cf;o cfsfif{0f dfq xf] t < xf]nf, agfpg]n] cfsif{0fs} 

nflu o:tf kf]:6/x¿ leQfleQfdf 6fF;] . t/ tL kf]:6/df b]vfOPsf] cw{gUg– 

sfd'stfnfO{ b]v]/ ;fdfGo dflg;sf] dlte|i6 gxf]nf t < ;Too'udf d]gsfn] t 

Clifsf] rl/qnfO{ e|i6 kf/L eg] cfhsf hfaf] dflg;nfO{ e|i6 kfg{ s'g cfOtaf/ Û 

cfhsf o'jf k':tfn] h]lgkm/ nf]k]h, P]Zjof{ /fo / /]vf yfkfsf …;]S;LÚ kf]i6/n] 

eujtLsf] tl:j/nfO{ em} + b;cf} Fnf hf]8]/ gd:sf/ dfq u/]/ lrQ a'emfpnf t < 

clxn] cfsfzlt/ lg:k[xefjn] x]5' {, s'g vuf]ndf em'l08Psf] xf]nf Tof] :ju{ < 

plxNo} e"uf]n k9fpg] df]xg ;/ -v8\sf_ n] klg of] k|;ª\u p7fpg' ePsf] lyPg . 

:ju{ st} ePsf] eP, pxfFnfO{ t yfxf x'gkg] { xf] . eGg' kg] { xf], cd]l/sf of ?; cyjf 

rLgaf6 olt nfv of s/f]8 dLn 6f9f 5 :ju{ Û / eGg'kg] { xf] s;/L 5f]OG5 cfsfz < 

oltv]/ ev{/} kfl/ lIflthaf6 uf]w"lnsf] l;+b'/] cfef x/fPsf] 5 . jftfj/0fn] 

lbg c:tfPsf] / /ft pbfPsf] ;ª\s]t lbPsf] 5 . clg 7"nf] ;fFemsf] cfudg ePsf] 

5 . d 3/sf] 5tdf ndtGg ;'t]/ cfsfzlt/} x]l//x]5' . ToxfF sfnf] cGwsf/ 5 . a? 

la:tf/} h"g lIflthaf6 psfnf] nfUb}5 / ToxL kl/j]zdf tf/fx¿ n'sfdf/L v]ln/x]5g\ . 

d sNkgf ul//x]5', cfsfz sxfFg]/ 5 < lsg ;dfpFg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . slxNo} k"/f x'g 

g;Sg] ul/asf] OR5fh:tf] 5 ;fob cfsfz . hlthlt ;dfpg vf]Hof], ToltTolt plDsg] 

/ hlthlt 5'g vf]Hof] ToltTolt eflu/xg] . cg'e"ltÒ Ò dfq cg'e"lt . 

♥♣♦♠ 

k':ts k9\g] snf klg gbLdf g'xfPh:t} xf], gbLdf xfdL lxhf] g'xfpFbfsf] kfgL cfh x'Fb}g . 

To:t} xf] k':ts klg xfd|flglDt . 

—k|sfz ;fodL 

42 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

l5M dnfO{ t nfh nfu]/ cfp“5 

d'g kf}8]n 

zflGtuf]/]6f], rfjlxn, sf7df8f}+ $$**!^# . (*$(#&$*)$ 

!= 

ha ;f+;b\, ;ef;b\ / g]tfx¿n], 

Pp6f l;Gsf] klg gef‘rL, 

Pp6f kmGsf] klg g3'dL, 

b]z / hgtfsf] Pp6f klg sfd gu/L, 

To;} To;} ulˆkmP/, 

gfr, gf}6ÍL / ef‘8e}nf] b]vfP/, 

kh]/f], 6f]of]6f / ;]j/n]6 p8fP/, 

hgtfn] d/Ld/L sdfPsf], 

5f]/f5f]/Lsf] d'vsf] df‘8 vf];]/ lt/]sf], 

s/sf] k};fnfO{ 

tnj eQf, b}lgs eQf, 3/ eQf, 6]lnkmf]g eQf, 

oxf‘;Dd ls ;'Ts]/L eQf;d]t\sf] ¿kdf, 

nfh} gdfgL rkfOlbG5g\, krfOlbG5g\ , 

dnfO{ To:tf ;f+;b\, ;ef;b\, g]tf / dGqL b]v]/, 

nfh nfu]/ cfp‘5 . 

@= 

k9fOsf] b'Mv s]xL g a]xf]/L, 

k9fOsf] tk:ofdf kn] +6L g} g s;L, 

6'kL af‘w]/ k9\b} g k9L, 

cf‘vfdf kfgL 5\ofk]/ k9\b} g k9L, 

k]6df k6'sf s;]/ k9\b} g k9L, 

k9fOsf] x08/nfO{ ef]Ub} g ef]uL, 

k9\g] a]nfdf u'Rrf v]nL, 

ha s]xL dfG5], 

gfr, gf}6ÍL, / g]tflu/Lsf] e/df, 

kl/>d g} g u/L, 

rsn]6, k'i6sf/L / xn'jf vfg] /x/df, 

s]xL rDrf, s]xL nfps] / s]xL cff8Dj/Lsf] pNSofOdf, 

cfkm"nfO{ dxfg\, cfkm"nfO{ ljåfg\ 7fGg yfN5g\ /, 

sfn'rfsf] k'i6sf/L k;ndf a]lrg], 

xfjfbf/L, asDkm';] / gSsnL, 

43 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

sfuhsf] vf]:6f] lsg]/, 

To;nfO{ dhf;Fu a6f/]/ uf]nf] kf/]/, 

r§ xftdf lnP/, 

sfnf], /ftf] aSv' le/]/, 

hf]s/h:tf] 6f]kL nufP/, 

cledfgk"j{s kmf]6f] lvrfP/, 

8fS6/df bl/g vf]H5g\ , 

gfdsf] cufl8 8f= hf]8\g hf]8\g vf]H5g\, 

To:tf jL/, af‘s'/fx¿nfO{ b]v]/ dnfO{ 

nfh nfu]/ cf‘p5 . 

#= 

kf6L{sf] rfs/Ldf, 

kf6L{sf] 5fkdf, 

kf6L{sf] wfkdf, 

kf6L{sf] cnfkdf, 

kf6L{sf] l6s6df, 

kf6L{sf] dgf]gogdf, 

kf6L{sf] l;kmfl/;df, 

kf6L{sf] efujG8fdf, 

kf6L{sf] emG8fdf, 

;dfg'kflts kf/fn], 

kf6L{sf] gf/fn], 

g]tfx¿sf] ;xf/fn], 

ha s]xL ;flxTosf/x¿ l3/f} +nfh:tf] gfs kfb} {, 

uhSs k/]/ k|f1 dgf]lgt x'G5g\, 

dnfO{ To:tf k|f1 eGg] kb b]v]/, 


$= 

k'/:sf/ lbg] ;+:yfx¿, 

k'/:sf/ lbg] JolQmx¿, 

;' ‘3]sf] e/df, 

rfv]sf] e/df 

nfv]sf] e/df 

kfnf]sf] e/df 

;fnf]sf] e/df, 

sfnf]sf] e/df, 

44 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

dfs'/] hfnf]sf e/df, 

cfˆgf dfG5]sf] y/df 

ha k'/:sf/ lbg yfN5g\ 

;Ddfg ug{ yfN5g\ 

To:tf ;+:yf tyf JolQm b]Vbf, 

dnfO{ nfh nfu]/ cfp‘5 . 

%= 

sf7dfG8"sf dfG5], 

a|flhnsf] s'v'/] lkmnf vfG5g\, 

lkhf / au{/ rkfp‘5g\, 

a]nfotsf] /S;L 3'6\Sofp‘5g\, 

k|mfG;sf] cQ/ 5ls{G5g\, 

O6fnLsf] h'Qf nfp‘5g\, 

rLgsf] n'uf kmkm{/fp‘5g\, 

hfkfgsf] df]6/ x'OSofp‘5g\, 

t/, 

h'Dnf / x'Dnfsf, 

sflnsf]6 / ?s'dsf, 

lg/Lx hgtfn] bz} +sf] d'vdf, 

vfB ;+:yfgsf] s'lxPsf] rfdn klg, 

vfg g kfp‘bf, 

d'n'ssf] k|hftGq, 

d'n'ssf] ;/sf/, 

d'n'ssf dflns g]tf /, 

dxfg\ /fhgLlts bnnfO{ b]Vbf 

dnfO{ nfh nfu]/ cfp‘5 . 

^= 

;f7L jif{cl3 k|hftGq ePsf] of] b]z, 

;f7L jif{cl3 zlxbx¿n] k|hftGq NofPsf] of] b]z, 

k6sk6s qmflGt / hgqmflGt ePsf] of] b]z, 

k6sk6s k|hftGq k'g{jxfnL ePsf] of] b]z, 

xfd|f nf]eL / kfkL g]tf, 

xfd|f e|i6 / :jfyL{ { g]tf, 

u}/ lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/, 

;/sf/sf] Jofkf/ ug] { /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ubf{, 

cem klg ul/j, 

45 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

cem klg tGgd, 

cem klg clzlIft, 

cem klg c;'/lIft, 

cem klg cljsl;t, 

/, 

;DejtM 

csf] { ;f7L jif{df klg cfkm\gf] dft[e"ld, 

o:t} tGgd /xg] b]Vbfb]Vb} klg, 

d Pp6f x'ltxf/f g]kfnLn], 

d Pp6f n't] g]kfnLn], 

d Pp6f e'Tt] g]kfnLn], 

cfkm\gf] Kof/f] dft[e"ldnfO{, 

s]xL ug{ g;s]sf] b]Vbf, 

dnfO{ cfkm}dfly, 


&= 

;+;b\nfO{ nfv] gfr b]vfpg] 

;aeGbf pko'Q d+r eG7fgL, 

tLg k6s xf]Og, 

;ft k6s xf]Og, 

bz k6s xf]Og, 

t]/ k6s xf]Og, 

rf}w k6s klg xf]Og, 

cem} s}of} + k6s, 

kljq ;+;b dGrdfly, 

cyf{t\ hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf] 5ftLdfly, 

gfËfemf/ eP/, 

hgtfnfO{ nfhdbf] { kfbf{ klg, 

xfd|f b]zsf g]tf / ;ef;b\ ;f+;b\nfO{, 

lkml6Ss} nfh gnfu]sf] b]Vbf, 

dnfO{ nfhdfly nfh nfu]/ cfp‘5 . 

♣♦♥♠ 

d s;}sf] s'enf] lrtfpFlbg . :jefjsf] x7L eP klg z7 9Ësf] x7 ulb{g . To:t} z7 

9Ësf x7Lsf 5]p klg d ;s];Dd klb{g . 

—r"8fdl0f /]UdL 

46 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

] 

c;d]nL g]kfnL dlxnf ;flxTosf/ zflGt yfkf 

nLnf n'O6]n 

6Øfª\nfkmfF6, sLlt{k'/ 

!= kl/ro 

zflGt yfkfsf] hGd ;g\ !(^! hgj/L ( df ef/tsf] c;d /fHocGtu{t kg{ 

u'jfxf6Lsf] zflGtgu/ eGg] 7fpFdf ePsf] xf] . logn] u'jfxf6L ljZjljBfnoaf6 

lxGbLdf Pd\=P= ug' {sf ;fy} kLPr\=8L=pkflw klg xfl;n u/]sL 5g\ . xfn cf/=hL= 

a?jf sn]hdf k|fWofkg k];fdf ;+nUg yfkf uf}xf6L ljZjljBfnosf] g]kfnL :gftsf]Q/ 

sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hs klg /x]sL 5g\ . lj=;+= @)#& lt/ c;ddf ePsf] ;flxlTos 

cleofg sf]nfh cfGbf]ngdf klg ;lqmo ;xefuLsf ¿kdf b]vfk/]sL logL uLt 

n]vg / ufogdf ?lr /fVg] JolQmTj x'g\ . 

g]kfnL, lxGbL, c;ldof, cª\u| ]hL cflb ljljw efiffsf 1ftf zflGt yfkfsf] 

snd g]kfnL, lxGbL / c;ldofdf ;dfg ¿kn] rn]sf] kfOG5 . ;flxTosf ljljw 

ljwfdf snd rnfpg] yfkfsf lgDglnlvt k':tsfsf/ s[lt k|sflzt 5g\ M 

uLt M dfof -@))$_ 

syf M cfjt{g -@))&_ 

pkGof; M df]xgL 86 sd -@))(_ 

;Dkfbg M c;d]nL g]kfnL syfofqf -@))*_ 

M nf]lxt 3f6LsL sxflgof -@))*, syf_ 

cg'jfb M gfd3/] -!((&, pkGof;_ 

M c:t/fu -@))@, pkGof;_ 

ljljw M ef/ts] :jfwLgtf cfGbf]ng d] + kfgjf/L /]nb'3{6gf sf08 -@))#_ 

nfdf] ;dob]lv l;h{gf, cg'jfb Pj+ ;Dkfbgdf ;lqmo /x]sL zflGt yfkf 

;~rogf/fo0f k|wfg :d[lt :j0f{kbs -;g\ !((*_, ;flxTo csfbdL cg'jfb k'/:sf/ 

-@))@_, cfjQ{g syf ;ª\u|xsf nflu 6ª\sgfy :d[lt k'/:sf/ -@))*_ tyf g]kfnaf6 

u'~hg gjk|ltef k'/:sf/ -lj=;+=@)^^_ h:tf k'/:sf/af6 k'/:s[t klg eO;s]sL 5g\ . 

@= ljifolj:tf/ M ;flxTosf/ zflGt yfkf 

zflGt yfkf l;h{g, cg'jfb Pj+ ;Dkfbgsf dfWodaf6 ;flxTosf If]qdf ;lqmo 

JolQmTj x'g\ . logsf] n]vsLo JolQmTjsf ljljw kf6fsf] ljZn]if0f ug' { o; n]vsf] 

ceLi6 /x]sf] 5 . 

-!_ uLtsf/ zflGt yfkf 

zflGt yfkfsf] dfof gfds uLt ;ª\u|x k|sflzt 5 . o;df ;dflji6 uLtdf 

ljifoj:t'ut ljljwtf kfOP klg clwsf+zrflxF k| ]d ljifos 5g\ . dfgjLo k| ]d, 

/fi6«k| ]d, k|s[ltk| ]d, O{Zj/Lo k| ]d, hftLo k| ]d cflb k| ]dsf ljleGg :j¿ksf] k|:t'lt 

kfOg] logsf uLtdf cleJol~ht k| ]dsf] Pp6f d'Vo kf6f] dfgjLo k| ]dsf] cleJolQm 

xf] . o; vfnsf uLtdf o'jf;'ne k| ]dk|0fosf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . k| ]d, k|tLIff, cfzf, 

47 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

lg/fzf, kL8f, ldng, lj5f]8, lj/x cflb ljleGg ;Gbe{sf] cleJolQm kfOg] logsf 

uLtdf Pscsf{df x[bo ;f6]/ ;Fu} lhpg] cfu|x ul/Psf] kfOG5 . jfT;Noefj klg 

logsf uLtdf cleJoQm k| ]dsf] csf{ ] ¿k xf] . /fi6«k| ]d Pj+ hftLo k| ]dsf] efj 

cleJol~ht logsf uLtdf df6f]k|ltsf] k| ]dnfO{ klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . logsf s]xL 

uLtdf O{Zj/Lo k| ]d klg cleJol~ht 5 . ;ª\u|xsf] klxnf] uLt g} O{Zj/Lo jGbgf 

cyf{t\ sfdfVof dfO{sf] cr{gfdf cfwfl/t 5 . 

k| ]d;DaGwL ljifoj:t'afx]s zflGt yfkfsf uLtdf k'vf{x¿sf] dlxdfufg klg 

ul/Psf] 5 . cfzf Pj+ k|tLIffdf afFRg'kg{ ] efjsf] k|:t'lt kfOg] logsf uLtdf 

stst} lg/fzfsf cleJolQm klg kfOG5g\ . g]kfnLsf hftLo Pj+ ljlzi6 slj 

efg'eQmk|lt ;Ddfgsf] k|:t'lt klg logsf uLtdf ePsf] 5 . ;/n, ;/;, ;Dk| ]if0fLo 

eflifs k|of]u kfOg] logsf /rgfdf j0f{gfTds, ;Daf]wgfTds / lgb{ ]zgfTds z}nLdf 

;'sf]dn efjgfsf] xflb{s cleJo~hgf ul/Psf] 5 . uLlt 9fFrfdf st} cg'k|f;sf] 

;+of]hg u/L tyf st} cg'k|f;ljxLg 9ª\un] k|:t't ul/Psf logsf /rgf nofTds, 

;ª\uLtfTds / >'ltdw'/ 5g\ . 

-@_ syfsf/ zflGt yfkf 

!((( df k|sflzt …cndnÚ zLif{s syfaf6 syfofqf cf/De ug{ ] zflGt 

yfkfsf] …cfjt{gÚ zLif{s syf ;ª\u|x k|sflzt 5 . ljleGg ju{ / cj:yfsf gf/Ln] 

ljifd Pj+ lj;ª\ut kl/l:yltdf ef]Ug'k/]sf dfgl;s ;ª\s6af6 pTkGg ;+j]bgfnfO{ 

ljifoj:t' agfP/ syf l;h{gf ug] { yfkfsf syfdf d"ntM gf/Lsf b'b{zf, j]bgf, 

56k6L, ps';d's';, ;Gtfgk|ltsf] df]x, ;ª\s6df k/]sf] dft[Tj cflbnfO{ syfj:t'sf] 

¿kdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . logsf syfdf kfOg] d"n :j/ gf/L ;+j]bgf g} xf] . gf/L 

;+j]bgfafx]s logsf syfdf ;fdflhs If]qdf b]vfk/]sf ljs[lt tyf lj;ª\ultnfO{ 

klg b]vfOPsf] 5 . tyfslyt OHhtsf nflu of}gb'Jo{jxf/nfO{ bafpg' kg{ ] afWotfdf 

k/]sf] dft[Tjsf] kL8fbfoL cj:yfsf] lrq0f kfOg] logsf syfdf 6'Kkfaf6 knfPsfx¿n] 

cfk\mgf]kg la;{ ]sf sf/0f x'gk'u]sf] ;fdflhs Pj+ dfgl;s b'3{6gfsf] klg k|:t'lt 

kfOG5 . k'?ifn] gf/Lk|lt u/]sf] zf]if0f b]v]/ ljb|f]xL x'gk'u]sf] dfgl;stf b]vfOPsf 

logsf syfdf k'?ifn] gf/Lk|lt u/]sf] of}gzf]if0fsf] ck/fwaf]w ub{ } kZrfQfk u/]sf] 

l:yltnfO{ klg b]vfOPsf] 5 . logsf syfdf ;fdflhs ;+:sf/, /Lltlylt klg k};fsf 

cfwf/df d"Nofª\g x'g] ;fdflhs ljs[ltk|lt Joª\Uo klg k|xf/ ul/Psf] 5 . Go"g 

36gf / syfgsxLgtf ePsf logsf sltko syf k/Dkl/t laDasf dfWodaf6 

JolQmsf] Ifl0fs dgf]j]udf dfq cfwfl/t 5g\ . ul/aLsf] k/fsfi7fsf sf/0f ef}lts 

tyf dgf]j}1flgs b'j} ¿kn] lu/]sf] dfgl;stf lrlqt logsf syfdf lzlIft Pj+ 

r]tgzLn gf/Ldf klg dfgjLo sdLsdhf]/L x'G5g\ eGg] efj cleJol~ht 5 . 

;Gtfgk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 k'?if x6\g;Sg] t/ gf/L x6\g g;Sg] oyfy{sf] k|:t'lt 

kfOg] logsf sltko syfdf n]vsLo rfxgf klg d'vl/t ePsf] 5 . logsf syfdf 

k|o'Qm k|foM ;xefuL lzlIft, af}l4s x'gfsf ;fy} cfˆgf] cl:tTjk|lt ;r]t 5g\ . 

k'?ifeGbf gf/L ;xefuLsf] cflwSo kfOg] logsf syfdf k|o'Qm k'?if ;xefuLx¿nfO{ 

vf;} e"ldsf lbOPsf] 5}g . logsf syfdf ljz]iftM ;+j]bgzLn gf/L ;xefuLsf] 

48 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

k|of]u kfOG5 . logsf gf/L ;xefuLx¿ cfk"mdfly k/]sf] cGofosf] lj/f]w ug{;Sg], 

cfˆgf] xslxtsf nflu 86]/ ;ª\3if{ ug{;Sg], cfˆgf] nIodf k'Ug;Sg] ;zQm / 

lg0ff{os zlQm ePsf geO{ cToGt ;+j]bgzLn / lknGw/] vfnsf 5g\ . ljleGg pd]/ 

Pj+ ju{sf gf/L ;+j]bgfnfO{ k|:t't ug{ ] k|of;sf sf/0f logsf sltko syfx¿ 

tfls{s Pj+ af}l4seGbf a9L efj's / ;+j]bgzLn aGgk'u]sf 5g\ . 

zflGt yfkfsf syfdf kl/j]z;"rs ;do / :yfgeGbf jftfj/0fsf] k|:t'lt 

;zQm 9ª\udf ePsf] 5 / Tof] cfGtl/s / afXo b'j} kIfaf6 ;'vbeGbf a9L b'vb / 

qf;b /x]sf] 5 . :yfg / ;donfO{ sd dxTj lbP/ b'vb Pj+ qf;bLo jftfj/0fdf 

syfsf] cGTo ug{ ] kl/kf6L logsf syfdf kfOG5 . ;fdflhs ljs[lt–lj;ª\ultsf] 

lrq0fsf ;fy} gf/Ldfly x'g] u/]sf ljleGg k|sf/sf cGofo, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf] 

cGTo ub} { ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] rfxgf /fVg' logsf syfsf] ceLi6 /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 

3'dfp/f] geO{ ;f]emf], ;/n / clewfTds efiffsf] k|of]udf ?lr/fVg] zflGt yfkfsf 

syfdf :yfgLo g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u kfOG5 . tT;d zAb, cª\u| ]hLsf zAb, kbfjnL 

cflbsf] k|of]u kfOg] logsf syfdf st}st} lqmofkbxLg jfSofTds cleJolQmsf 

sf/0f uBsljtfsf] 5gs klg kfOG5 . j0f{gfTds, k|ZgfTds, ;+jfbfTds z}nLsf] 

k|of]u kfOg] zflGt yfkfsf syfdf PsfnfkLo z}nLsf] klg k|o'Qm 5 . 

k|foM 5f]6f5f]6f chl6n ;+/rgfsf syf ;h{s zflGt yfkfsf syfdf d"ntM 

ljljw k|sf/sf gf/L ;d:ofsf] lbUbz{g kfOG5 . j}olQms / ;fdflhs :t/df 

;dtfd"ns :j:Yo ;dfhsf] rfxgf logsf syf l;h{gfsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 

gf/LjfbL syfsf/sf ¿kdf b]vfk/]sL yfkfsf syfdf sf]/f gf/LjfbL geO{ ;fk]If 

gf/Ljfbsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . bM'vb jftfj/0fdf dfld{s ¿kn] ;/n efiffz}nLdf gf/L 

;+j]bgfnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ syfsf/ zflGt yfkf ef/tLo g]kfnL syfsf If]qdf 

k|of]uzLntfsf ;fy lghL klxrfg sfod ug{ ;Ifd ;d;fdlos k':tfsL pNn]vgLo 

syfsf/ x'g\ . 

-#_ pkGof;sf/ zflGt yfkf 

zflGt yfkfsf] df]xgL 86\ sd pkGof; @) kl/R5]b jf efu / !(@ k[i7df 

;+/lrt 5 . ljefhg ;ª\s]tssf ¿kdf cª\ssf] k|of]u ul/Psf] o; pkGof;df 

k|;ª\u kl/jt{gsf cfwf/df kl/R5]bx¿sf] pkljefhg klg ul/Psf] 5 . o;df 

pkljefhgsf] ;ª\s]tsf nflu vfnL 7fpF 5f]l8Psf] 5 . c;d]nL g]kfnL hghLjgsf 

ljljw ;Gbe{sf] ljz[ª\vn ¿kdf k|:t'lt kfOg] o; pkGof;df ;g\ !&&( df 

c;ddf ePsf] …alx/fut x6fcf]Ú cfGbf]ng / To;sf] kl/0ffdnfO{ s]nfOPsf] 5 . 

hftLotfsf gfddf ePsf ;ª\sL0f{tf tyf dfgjtflj/f]wL lqmofsnfksf] lj/f]w kfOg] 

o; pkGof;df dfgjtfjfbL cjwf/0ff d'vl/t 5 . g]kfnL hfltdfly uf}/jaf]w 

cleJoQm o; pkGof;df hftLo k| ]d klg cleJol~ht 5 . o;df k|s[ltdfly lgjf{w 

¿kdf dfgj cltqmd0f ePsf]df lrGtf k|s6 ub{ } cfk"mdflysf] cfqmd0f k|s[ltn] klg 

Pp6f ;Ldf;Dd dfq ;xg ug{ ] s'/fnfO{ efj's kf/fn] cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL 

tyf cGo efiffsf ;flxTosf/k|lt cf:yfefj JoQm ul/Psf] o; pkGof;df nf]slk|o 

g]kfnL slj xl/eQm s6'jfnsf] d[To' k|;ª\usf] pNn]v u/]/ ;flxTosf/sf] lgoltnfO{ 

49 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

]vfOPsf] 5 . k'?ifsf] :j]R5frf/L k|j[lQnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] o; pkGof;df g]kfnL 

gf/Lsf] Tofu, lg:jfyL{kg cflbnfO{ b]vfpFb} gf/LzlQmsf] dlxdfufg ul/Psf] 5 . 

;xefuL k|of]usf b[li6n] pNn]vgLo j}lzi6\o g/x]sf] of] pkGof; kl/j]z 

lrq0fsf b[li6n] eg] ;3g / Jofks /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(&( sf] cfGbf]ng / xl/eQm 

s6'jfnsf] d[To'sf k|;ª\usf] pNn]vaf6 o;df lrlqt ;do :ki6 x'G5 . c;dsf 

ljleGg If]qsf] pNn]v kfOg] o; pkGof;df c;d]nL g]kfnL hghLjgsf] :ki6 lrq 

ptfl/Psf] 5 . ax'hftL, ax'wdL{, ax'efifLsf] a;f]jf; ePsf] c;ddf ljljw hfthftL, 

efiffefifL ldn]/ /x]sf] b]vfOPsf] o; pkGof;df g]kfnL, g]jf/L, c;ldof, ;Gyfn 

cflb hfltut ;+:s[ltsf ;fy} O;fO{sf ;f+:s[lts ;Gbe{ klg k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . 

c;dsf ljleGg If]qsf k|fs[lts kl/j]zsf] lrq0f klg o; pkGof;df ePsf] 5 . 

c;d]nL g]kfnL hLjgsf ljljw kf6fnfO{ oyfy{d"ns 9ª\un] k|:t't ug' { o; pkGof;sf] 

p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . k|yd / t[tLo k'?if b'j} b[li6laGb'sf] ldl>t k|of]u kfOg] o; 

pkGof;df c;d If]qdf af]lng] g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . sd k|rngdf 

/x]sf tT;d zAbsf] ax'ntfn] ubf{ o;sf] efiff ;fk]If ¿kdf Tolt ;/n / ;xh 

5}g . o;df cfjZostfcg';f/ c;ldof, lxGbL, cª\u| ]hL efiffsf zAb, kbfjnLsf 

;fy} jfSo k|o'Qm 5g\ . o;k|sf/sf] eflifs k|of]un] pkGof; :jfefljs aGgk'u]sf] 

5 . sd k|rngdf /x]sf tT;d zAbsf] ax'ntf, k|s[lt, k'/f0f, Oltxf; cflbaf6 

l6lkPsf laDa / k|tLssf] k|of]usf sf/0f of] pkGof; ;fwf/0f kf7ssf nflu ;xh 

u|fXo geO{ af}l4s klg aGgk'u]sf] 5 . 

o; pkGof;sf] zLif{s …df]xgL 86 sdÚ k|tLsfTds /x]sf] 5 . o;df k|o'Qm 

…df]xgLÚ zAbn] s;}nfO{ jzLs/0f ug' { eGg] a'emfpF5 . o;sf] k|d'v k'?if ;xefuLnfO{ 

ev{/} e]6 ePsL gf/L ;xefuLsf lqmofsnfkn] jzLs/0f u/]sf] 5 . jt{dfg ;dodf 

ljB'tLo ;~rf/sf If]qdf clws k|rngdf /x]sf] …86 sdÚ df …df]xgLÚ zAb hf]8]/ 

o;sf] zLif{s rog ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . csf{ ]lt/ o;sL gf/L ;xefuLn] cfˆgf] …df]xgL 

dxnÚ sf] kl/sNkgf klg k'?if ;xefuLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsL 5 . o;} …df]xgL dxnÚ 

af6 …df]xgLÚ zAb lnP/…86 sdÚ hf]l8Psf ;Gbe{af6 klg of] zLif{s pko'Qm b]lvG5 . 

o;/L ljljw ;Gbe{af6 x]bf{ o; pkGof;sf] zLif{s k|tLsfTds eP klg ;fy{s, 

;fd~h:od"ns / cfsif{s /x]sf] 5 . ;du|df c;d]nL g]kfnL hghLjgnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 

…df]xgL 86 sdÚ oyfy{jfbsf lgs6 /x]sf] pNn]vgLo cf}kGofl;s s[lt xf] . 

-$_ ;Dkfbs zflGt yfkf 

g]kfnL ;flxTosf ljljw ljwfdf snd rnfpg] zflGt yfkf ;Dkfbssf ¿kdf 

klg kl/lrt 5g\ . logn] ljleGg k':ts Pj+ kqklqsfsf] ;Dkfbg u/]sL 5g\ . 

logLåf/f ;Dkflbt c;d]nL g]kfnL syfofqfdf c;d If]qsf] syf ;flxTosf] Oltxf; 

k|:t't ug' {sf ;fy} rfnL;hgf c;d]nL g]kfnL syfsf/sf syf o;df ;dflji6 

ul/Psf] 5 . o; s[ltsf] ;Dkfbgdf pgsf] ;dfnf]rsLo JolQmTj klg b]vfk/]sf] 5 . 

logn] && hgf c;ldof dlxnf syfsf/sf syfsf] lxGbL cg'jfb …nf]lxt 3fF6LsL 

sxflgofFÚ gfds ;ª\u|xsf] klg ;Dkfbg u/]sL 5g\ . c;daf6 g]kfnL efiffdf 

k|sflzt x'g] …xfd|f] WjlgÚ gfds klqsfsf] ;Dkfbg sfo{df logsf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf 

50 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L logn] …cGt/ª\uÚ klqsfsf] g]kfnL syf ljz]iffª\ssf] cltly 

;Dkfbs eP/ sfd u/]sL 5g\ . o;df @! hgf ef/tLo g]kfnL syfsf/sf syf 

lxGbL cg'jfbsf ;fy ;dflji6 ul/Psf] 5 . …/ª\u3/Ú gfds lxGbL klqsfsf] g]kfnL 

;flxTo ;+:s[lt ljz]iffª\ssf] ;Dkfbgdf klg logsf] e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . logn] lxGbL 

efiffdf k|sflzt x'g] zf]wd"ns klqsf …k"jf{Ú klg ;Dkfbg ug' {sf ;fy} lxGbL q}dfl;s 

…b:tfa]hÚsf] c;d ljz]iffª\sdf ;xof]uL ;Dkfbssf ¿kdf sfd u/]sL 5g\ . o;sf 

;fy} ax'efifL zf]w klqsf …d[0doÚsf] klg logn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] hfgsf/L kfOG5 . 

-%_ cg'jfbs zflGt yfkf 

zflGt yfkfn] ;g\ !((& df c;ldof pkGof;sf/ ct'nfgGb uf]:jfdLsf] 

…gfd3/LofÚ zLif{s pkGof;sf] cg'jfb g]kfnL efiffdf …gfd3/]Ú gfd lbP/ u/]sL 

5g\ . o;} s[ltsf dfWodaf6 logn] ;g\ @))@ df ;flxTo csfbdL cg'jfb k'/:sf/ 

klg k|fKt u/]sL x'g\ . o;}u/L logn] xf]d]g a/uf]xfOFsf] …c:t/fuÚ zLif{s pkGof; 

klg c;ldofaf6 g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/]sL 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm logn] …nf]lxt 

3fF6LsL sxflgofFÚdf ;dflji6 c;ldof dlxnf syfsf/sf sltko syfsf] lxGbL 

cg'jfb klg u/]sf] hfgsf/L kfOG5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Pafx]s >L dxbfgGb b]j 

uf]:jfdLsf] …ef/ts] :jfwLgtf cfGbf]ng d]+ kfgjf/L /]nb'3{6gf sf08Ú zLif{s 

cfTdsyfTds s[ltsf] lxGbL cg'jfbdf klg logsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 

pk;+xf/ 

g]kfnL, lxGbL tyf c;ldof efiffdf ;dfg ¿kn] snd rnfpg] zflGt yfkf 

l;h{gf, ;dfnf]rgf, cg'jfb, ;Dkfbg cflbsf dfWodaf6 ljljw efiffsf ;flxTosf] 

pGgogdf lqmofzLn JolQmTj x'g\ . nueu tLg bzsb]lv ;flxTosf If]qdf lqmofzLn 

yfkfn] ef/tLo g]kfnL ;flxTosf] >Lj[l4df pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsL 5g\ . 

sljtf, syf tyf pkGof;sf] l;h{gf u/]sL yfkfsf /rgfdf gf/Ljfbsf] k|efj klg 

kfOG5 . g]kfnL hflt, efiff / ;flxTosf] pGgogdf lg/Gt/ nflu/x]sL s'zn ;h{s 

/ ;kmn cg'jfbssf ¿kdf kl/lrt zflGt yfkfsf] of]ubfg c;d]nL g]kfnL ;flxTodf 

pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . 

♣♦♥♠ 

lh1f;f 

/jLGb| ;dL/ 

…dfd' Û dfd' ÛÛ Ò lSnlgssf] 8fS6/n] t dnfO{ dfof ug' {x'GYof] . 5f]/L eGg'xGYof], 

sfgdf nfpg] cfnfn] k]6, 5ftL hfFRg'x'GYof] . lha|f], 3fF6L klg x]g' {x'GYof]Ò oxfFsf] 

8fS6/n] dnfO{ lsg g5fd]sf] < lsg gaf]n]sf]

ofqf ;+:d/0f 

/fat 

df3 dlxgfsf] l7lx/f] cfˆgf] gfª\uf] ¿k k|bz{g ul//x]5 . 3fd lg/Lx ag]/ 

x':;'sf] ue{df st} clNem/x]sf]n] w]/} k|f0fLx¿sf] h:t} xfdL tLg k|f0fLsf] hLpdf klg 

af]Sg ;Sg] hlt n'ufx¿ e'mlG8Psf 5g\ . 

@)^&, df3 & ut]sf] dWolbg, xfdL tLg k|f0fL uf}zfnf rf]saf6 yf]/} k"jL{ 

cfFugdf e]nf eof} F . zf/Ll/s lx;fan] b'O{ k|f0fLsf] skfn k"/} sfnf] / Ps k|f0fLsf] 

skfn k"/} ;]tf] . t/ klg xfdL tLg}hgf o'jfhf]; / hfFu/sf;fy pkl:yt lyof} F . 

ofqfsf gfos sxlnPsf cfb/0fLo kfq jl/i7 uhnsf/ 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n] lgwf/df 

;fOtsf] /ftf] 6Lsf, lz/df /ft} …SofkÚ / v'On] /f]u nfu]sf] 5fnfh:tf] s]/fsf] kftnf] 

af]qmf pKsfpFb} Pp6f emf]nf e'mG8\ofP/ lglSng'ef] . csf{ b'O{ kfq d / 8f=lg/h 

e§/fO{n] b'j} xft hf]8\of} F . t/ pxfFsf] xftnfO{ s]/f / emf]nfn] hf]8\g lbPg . d'v}n] 

gd:sf/ kmsf{pg'ef] . crfgs xfdL o;/L e]6 x'gfsf] sf/0f lyof]– kf]v/fdf 

uhn;GWofn] ug{ nfu]sf] 8f=lg/h e§/fO{sf] kl5Nff] uhns[lt …tnfzÚ sf] cGts{ [of 

tyf kl/rrf{ sfo{qmd . 

;fdfGo enfs';f/Lkl5 b'O{6f cf} Fnfsf] Ozf/fdf v'§}lg/ cfP/ 6ØfS;L /f]lsof] . 

;s];Dd snª\sLaf6 b'O{ ah]sf] uf8L e]6\6fpg] of]hgfdf 6ØfS;Ln] ult lnof] . 

sf7df8f} Fsf] l3gnfUbf] hfdnfO{ leh]sf] d';f h:t/L 6\ofS;Ln] n'v'/n'v'/ kf/ ug{ 

yfn]kl5 xfdLaLr cgf}krfl/s ukm ;'? x'g yfNof] . ljifoj:t'sf] cefjsf sf/0f 

r'krfk a;]sf lg/h e§/fO{n] 6ØfS;L rfnssf] cGtjf{tf lng yfn],—…3/ sfF < gfd 

s] < a:g] sfF

s} ofq'x¿dWo] nfossf] b]lvg'x'g] 1fg';/n] ljleGg lxGbL÷g]kfnL cfwf–k"/f sxfgL 

;'gfpFbf;Dd uf8Ln] dn]v'sf] Ps xf]6nsf] kfln 9f]Ug k'Uof] . uf8Laf6 cf]n{g]lalQs} 

;/n] …/]agÚ k'msfNg'ef] / eGg'ef],—æemdSs} ;fFem k¥of] xf]nf eg]sf] t, pHofn} /x]5 ÛÆ 

;f]Rb} g;f]rL d]/f] d'vaf6 klg k'mlTsxfNof],—æwGg xfd|f] uf8L :qLljxLg 5, gq 

;/n] ;a}nfO{ sfnL b]Vg'x'g] /x]5 .Æ clxn]rflxF t d}n] klg eg] F x}, eg]/ dSv 

k/]sf]y] F Û s] x'g' < t'?Gt hjfkm lbOxfNg'ef],—æx}g–x}g, To;df dnfO{ rZdfn] 

e'mSofpg ;Sb}g .Æ To;kl5 d r'k ePF . 

;fFemsf] lr;f] df};ddf cl3b]lvg} tftf] lrof lkpg] /x/ ul//xg'ePsf 1fg';/sf], 

xf]6ndf k'Ug]lalQs} …d"8 r]Gh t'?GtÚ eP5 . …lr;f]df tftf] lrofn] Ifl0fs tfk dfq 

lbG5, lr;f]n] g} ttfpg kfOof] eg] cln lb3{sfnLg x'G5Ú eGg] /fo adf]lhd 6]andf 

lr;f] lrofg} 7l8of] . xf] /}5 . To;kl5 ltg}hgfsf] cg'xf/df b}jLzlQm k|bfg 

ePh:t} eof] . To;dfly tf/]sf df5fx¿n] xfdLnfO{ cem Ho" Fbf] agfpg ;xof]u u/] . 

æcem} yKg] ls ;/

{ 

af:gf gfssf] 6'Kkf]d} 7f]lSsP h:t/L 1fg';/ af]Ng'ef],—æca !%–@) ldg]6d} xfdL 

kf]v/f k'U5f} F .Æ 8f=lg/hsf] df]afOndf cfPsf] cfjfhn] klg To:t} hfgsf/L lbO/x]sf] 

lyof] . :j/ kf]v/fsf slj Pjd\ uhnsf/ lbks ;ldkHo"sf] /x]5 . kf]v/f a;kfs{df 

xfdLnfO{ kv] {/ al;/xg'ePsf pxfFn] /fltx' Fbf] kf]v/f k'u]/ a:gvfgsf] emGem6nfO{ 

kqkq u/]/ ldnfO;Sg'ePsf] /x]5 . oL ;a s'/f 8f=lg/hsf] df]afOndf ePsf] 

bf]xf]/f] jftf{af6 k|i6 eP . 

s]xLl5gd} dfOqmf]a;leqsf ofq'x¿sf] hLp rndnfpg yfn] . …;¥ofs\–;'?s\Ú 

ub} { bfofFafofF x]g{ yfn] . 6f7f] cfFvf kf/]/ d}n] klg rf/}lt/ x]/] F . kf]v/f t dnfO{ 

hfgsf/L glbOsg} cfO;s]5 . emg] { a]nfdf 9f]sfsf] lgwf/df kf]ltPsf] /ftf] cIf/n] 

;f]Wof],—ætkfO{ +sf] ;fdfg 5'6\of] ls ÛÆ 

d}n] dgdg} eg] F,—…;fdfg t x}g, clnslt dg 5'6\of] .Ú 

;f9]kfFr 306fsf] ;don] xfdLnfO{ sf7df8f} Faf6 6f9f agfPsf] lyof] . casf] 

nueu rf}la; 306f xfdL kf]v/fsf] ;f}Gbo{, xfjfkfgL / dfG5]x¿;Fu 3'nldn x'g' 

lyof] . oxL qmddf ;'?df b]vfkg' { ef], uhnsf/åo k|sfz 1jfnL / dg If]qL . 

kf]v/fsf] lr;f]n] pxfFx¿nfO{ klg cg'xf/ dfq b]vfpg 5'6 lbPsf] /x]5 . gfd ;'g]sf 

t/ cg'xf/ gb]v]sf uhnsf/åo;Fu vNtLdf u'lD;Psf] tftf] xft ldnfPF . …:6«L6– 

nfO6Ús} pHofnf]df xfdL ;a};Fu, ;a}sf] kl/ro v'Nof] . oxL qmddf ylkg'ef] bLks 

;dLk . pxfFx¿;Fu nueu ddfq ckl/rt lyPF . Tof] klg ca /x]g . 

xfdL ;a}hgf pxfFx¿sf] df]6/afOsdf c6fPgf} F . ljsNkdf 6ØfS;L v8f ef] . 

nhsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] tfgftfgnfO{ kG5\ofP/ b'O{6f df]6/afOssf] w'jfF ;' F£b} d, 

8f=lg/h / 1fg';/ 6\ofS;Ldf a;]/ lk5f u¥of} F . 6\ofS;Lsf] 5f]6f] ofqf 8\ofd 

;fO8df /x]sf] Pp6f nhdf k'u]/ 6'lª\uof] . nhsf] cfFugdf cGo cg'xf/x¿ klg 

ylkP . h;df k"j{kl/lrt slkn zdf{ / ?lkGb| k|efjL …s6'Ú nufot\sf Hofgx¿ 

x'g'x'GYof] . kl/lrt / ckl/rt ;a} u/]/ cf7–gf}hgf eOof] . emf]nfnfO{ nhdf 

la;fP/ xfdL 5l8\sof} F— glhs}sf] ;]s'jf sg{/df . cf7–gf} Fhgfsf] pkl:yltn] Pp6f 

ldgL–uf]i7Ls} ¿k lnof] . lkpg] / glkpg]sf] …sS6]nÚ e]nfn] b'O{r/0f uhn jfrg 

klg u¥of] . cGtdf 1fg';/n] uhn ;+/rgfnfO{ 6fu] {6 u/]/ eGg'eof],—æn'uf lkm6 

ePg eg]/ Hofg 36fpg'eGbf, Hofgcg';f/sf] n'uf nufpg' k5{ . uhn /rgf ubf{ 

ca xfdLn] Totflt/ Wofg lbg h¿/L 5 .Æ Psl5g xfdL ;a}sf] af]nL aGb eof] . 

kf]v/fsf] /ftn] xfdLnO{ ToxfF w]/}a]/ l6Sg glbg] hfgsf/L lbPkl5, c:tJo:t …Kn]6– 

Unf;ÚnfO{ ToxL cj:yfdf 5f]8]/ xfdL nfOg nfu]/ lgl:sof} F . 

To;kl5sf] of]hgf vfgf vfg' lyof] . t/ of]hgf ;lhn} ;kmn xf]nfh:tf] 

ePg . ;a} xf]6nx¿ gf6s ;lsPsf] :6]hh:tf] 8\ofd8'Dd aGb lyP . xfdLnfO{ t 

kmfObf g} eof] . vfgf vf]Hg] lgx' Fdf, /flqsfnLg nfnLdf 8'a]sf] kf]v/fsf] dw'do ¿k 

klg b]Vg kfOof] . cflv/df n]s;fO8df Ps xf]6nn] xfdLnfO{ !% ldg]6 s'g' {kg] 

;t{df :jfut u¥of] . ;xif{ :jLsfl/of] klg . ;a} of]hgfx¿ h;f]t;f] ;kmn ePkl5, 

ef]ln e]6\g] jfrfsf;fy xfdL clu|d–a'lsª ul/Psf] nhdf u'6\d'l6of} F . 

cf7 ut]sf] zlgaf/n] kbf{ p3f¥of] . d}n] klg ‰ofnsf] kbf{ p3f/] F . Psflaxfg} 

l;Gb'/] 3fdn] kf}8L v]n]sf] km]jf tfn x]g] { /x/df ;a}eGbf klxnf d p7]sf] lyPF . t/ 

x':;' / s'lx/f]n] dnfO{ g} 5f]Knfem} F u/]kl5 d n'y| 'Ss k/]/ km]l/ l;/s cf]9\g'afx]s c¿ 

54 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

s]xL ug{ ;lsgF . laxfgsf] ;ft alh;Sbf xfdL ltg}hgf pl7;s]sf lyof} F . 1fg';/sf 

…dlg{ª–jfsÚ ug' {kg] { uf]8fx¿n] n]s;fO8sf] ;8s gfKg] qmddf km]jftfnsf] bz{g 

klg u/fP . 

sl/a b'O{306fsf] …dlg{ª–jfsÚn] xfd|f] hLpdf hDdf ePsf] kl;gfnfO{ d / 

8f=lg/hn] hLpd} ;'sfOlbof} F . 1fg';/ eg] …;'ljwf;DkGg xf]6ndf tftf] kfgL klg 

xf]nfÚ eGg] cf;n] Pp6f n'ufafx]s lgj{:q x'g'ef] . bz ldg]6kl5 …afy¿dÚ af6 

lgl:sPkl5 kfOtfnfb]lv lz/;Dd xlNnFb} eGg'ef],—æsxfF cfpg' lg, tftf] kfgL Û wGg} 

dl/Pg .Æ 

df3 dlxgfsf] lr;f] 6fFl;Psf] pxfFsf] hLpel/ lgofn]kl5 d}n] eg] F,—æ;/sf] t 

hg} dfq leh]5 ÛÆ pxfFn] …6fj]nÚn] skfn k'5\b} eGg'ef],—æx}g, hLpdf t kfgL xfn]s} 

xf] . hg}df rflxF gk/]sf] xf]nf .Æ 

h] xf];\, laxfgsf] lgTosd{ ;lsof] . P3f/ ah]sf] sfo{qmdsf] lglDt xfdL 

tof/Llt/ nfUof} F . PslaQfsf] glhsdf P]gf /fv]/, cfk"mnfO{ ldnfpFbf–ldnfpFb} 

Ps306f laTof] . To;kl5 l;w} ysfnL efG;f3/df . z'4 vfgfdfq s;}nfO{ klg 

:jLsfo{ ePg . laxfgLkv} …PS;\6«f Unf;Ú klg 7l8of] . lunf; l/TofPkl5 t 8f=lg/h 

ot}af6 sf7df8f} F kms{g] s'/f kf] ug{ yfn] . kl5 lbks ;ldk cfOk'Ug'ef] / xfdLnfO{ 

sfo{qmddf hfg ;lhnf] eof] . 

nueu 8]9;o hlt uhnsf/x¿sf] pkl:yltdf eJotfsf;fy sfo{qmd ;DkGg 

eof] . a]n'sf 5 ah];Dd} rn]sf] sfo{qmddf, kf]v/fsf w]/} slj–uhnsf/x¿;Fu 

;fIfftsf/ ug] { cj;/ kfOof] . w]/} ckl/lrt slj–uhnsf/x¿;Fu lrlgg kfpFbf 

dg xif{n] ub\ub\ lyof] . lrgfhfgL ePsf ;a};Fu enfs';f/L ug] { O{R5f pTs6 eP 

klg xfd|f] lghL afWotfn] ;Dej agfPg . a]n'sfsf] cf7 ah] xfdLn] uf8L ;dfTof} F . 

afWotf k/]sf] a]nf afWotf;Fu g} ;Demf}tf ug' {kbf] { /x]5 . l;w} sf7df8f} Fsf] a; 

gkfPsf]n], d'lUng;Ddsf] nflu xfdL ;'gf}nLsf] uf8Ldf, To}klg clGtd l;6df a:g'k/]sf] 

lyof] . h;f]t;f] 8f=lg/h, 3' F8f / lgwf/ hf]8]/} eP klg lgbfP . t/ d / 1fg';/n] 

eg] Tof] cK7\of/f]kgnfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg ljleGg k|;ª\usf ukmx¿ u¥of} F . h:tf] ls, 

pxfF eGg'x'GYof],—…dnfO{ o'jfo'jtLx¿ b]Vg]lalQs} k]ml/ hjfg x'g dg nfU5, t/ 

38Lsf] ;'OFrflxF pN6f] 3'dfpg ldNg], pd]/rflxF gldNg] /x]5 .Ú 

dWo/ftdf uf8Ln] xfdLnfO{ d'lUngdf cnkq kf/]/ uof] . sl/a Ps306f;Dd 

;8ssf] lsgf/df uf]hLleq xft ttfP/ otfplt xlNn/Xof} F . 1fg';/sf] xfntdfly 

;fx« } bof hfu]/ cfof] / ;f]lwxfn] F,—æ;/nfO{ ;fx| } ufx|f] eof] x} < of] dWo]/ftdf o;/L 

clgFbf] ef} Ftfl/g'k¥of] .Æ bflxgf s'daf6 tn emg{ nfu]sf] emf]nfnfO{ k'mtL{;fy dfly 

;fb} { ;/n] eGg'eof],—æx}g–x}g, dnfO{ To:tf] nfu]sf] 5}g . d t k¥of] eg], tLglbg 

tLg/ft;Dd g;'tL a:g ;S5' . /, k¥of] eg] tLglbg;Dd lgbfPsf] lgbfo} ug{ klg 

;S5' .Æ ;/sf] af]nLn] d emg\ 6fl7PF . cfFvfx¿ cem rlDsnf eP . 

w}o{sf] afFw 6'6fO;s]sf 8f=lg/hn] stfaf6 6\ofS;L vf]h]/ NofP . nfdf] 

af6f]df 6\ofS;Lsf] ofqf dxFuf] ePklg a8f] cf/fdbfoL eof] . d / lg/hn] kfn}kfnf] 

cfFvf lrlDnP klg 1fg';/ lemldSs} gu/L sf7df8f} F cfOk'Ug'ef] . laxfgsf] rf/ah] 

1fg';/nfO{ 3/df a'emfP/ ;a} k|f0fLx¿ hfUg] ;dodf xfdL rflxF ;'Tg] t/v/df nfUof} F . 

♣♦♥♠ 

55 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

g]kfn lzIff ljz]iff° 

lzj /]UdL 

^! do'/ dfu{, dWoafg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ 

g]kfnL kqklqsfsf] Oltxf;df ljz]iffÍ lgsfNg] k/Dk/f slxn]b]lv rNof] eg]/ 

ljrf/ ubf{ xfd|f] Wofg ;j{k|yd uf]/vfkqlt/ hfg' :jefljs} xf] . lsgeg] of] g} 

g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf a"9f] / k'/fgf] klqsf xf] Û uf]/vfkqn] lgSn]sf] rfnL; jif{ kl5 

…pbofÍÚ lgsfn]sf] tYo uf]/vfkq zt jflif{sL ljz]iffÍ @)%&, k[i7 !)# n] lbPsf] 5 . 

;flxlTos kqklqsfsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ eg] !((! kmfu'gb]lv k|sfzgdf 

cfPsf] zf/bfn] !((% ebf}–c;f]hsf] ;+o'Qm cÍn] Pp6f ljz]iffÍ lgsfn]sf] b]lvG5 . 

o;/L ljz]iffÍ lgsfNgdf zf/bf g} cUuf ePsf] b]lvG5 . 

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f @))$ df b]zdf cfwf/ lzIff nfu' u/]kl5 !% c;f]h @))% b]lv 

…g]kfn lzIffÚ gfds lzIff ;dGwL dfl;s klqsf k|sfzgdf Nofpg yflnPsf] lyof] . o; 

klqsfsf] ;Dkfbs d08ndf tf/fdfgl;+x :jfF/, q}nf]Sogfy pk| ]tL, v8\udfg dNn ;lxt 

c¿x¿ lyP . oxL qmddf cfwf/ ;flxTo ;ldltsf] Pp6f lj1fkg …hfu/0fÚ -;fKtflxs jif{ 

! cÍ #!–#@, $ c;f]h @))*_df o;/L k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . 

…@))* ;fn cflZjgb]lv lzIff ljefusf] d'vklqsf …g]kfn lzIffÚsf] rf}yf] jif{ 

z'? x'G5 . o;sf] klxnf] cÍ n]vx¿n] el/Psf] Ps clt pkof]uL ljz]iffÍsf] ¿kdf 

lgsfNg] ljrf/ u/]sf 5f} . o;sf/0f, dfggLo lzIff dGqLHo"n] b]xfosf ;f/f ljåfg\x¿;Fu 

Pp6f lzIff ;dGwL n]v k7fOlbg'xf];\ egL cg'/f]w ug' {ePsf] 5 . n]v lzIff dGqfno, 

k|rf/ ljefudf ;se/ l56f] k7fOlbg'xf]nf . 

—;]q]m6/L /fdk|;fb hf]zLÚ 

n]v–/rgfsf lgldQ dfggLo dGqLHo"n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] tYo ;+ejtM klxnf] / 

clGtd klg xf]nf— of] Û cg'/f]w cg';f/ k|fKt ePsf em08} rf/bh{g uxlsnf Pjd\ 

bfdL n]v /rgf of] lzIff ljz]iffÍdf ;dfj]z 5g\ . 

k'; @))*df k|sflzt …g]kfn lzIffÚdf Toltv]/sf lzIff dGqL zf/bfzDz]/ 

/f0ffsf] z'esfdgfsf ;fy} lzIff k|rf/sf ljifodf klg ;fgf] l6Kk0fL 5flkPsf] 5 . 

ljz]iffÍsf lzIff ;DaGwL n]vsf n]vsx¿df ;"o{ljqmd 1jfnL, afns[i0f ;d, 

nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, bL3{/fh sf]O/fnf, hLt]Gb|axfb'/ zfx, zf/bfk|;fb pkfWofo 

tf/fdfgl;+x :jfF/, njaxfb'/ slkn, gog/fh, z]if/fh, ab/Lgfy e6\6/fO{h:tf 

lzIffljb\x¿ kg' { ePsf] 5 . o:t} cGo ljåfg\x¿df v8\udfg dNn, v8\udfg l;+x, 

ofbjk|;fb kGt, n}gl;+x afFUb]n, Zofd/fh Wjh hf]zL, ?b|/fh kf08], /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6f, 

ljgf]bk|;fb, r"8fgfy e6\6/fO{, ;f]dgfy zdf{, /fddl0f cf=bL=sf lzIff ;DaGwL n]v 

/rgf k|sflzt 5g\ . o:t} lzIff ;DaGwdf n]v/rgfsf/x¿df bf}nt ljqmd lji6, 

g[kh+u /f0ff, eLdgLlw ltjf/L cflb x'g'x'G5 . 

klqsf lzIff ;DaGwL ljifosf] ePklg o;df ;flxTodf sljtf, syf, lgaGw, 

k|aGw, efiff, Jofs/0f tyf Oltxf;sf ;fy} gf/L hfu/0f / ;fdflhs r]tgf ;DaGwL 

n]vx¿ ;d]t k|sflzt 5g\ . 

56 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

;flxTodf rqmkfl0f rfln;], l;l4r/0f, n]vgfy, s]bf/dfg Joflyt, xl/x/ 

zf:qLsf sljtf–sfJo 5flkPsf 5g\ . rqmkfl0fsf] …d]/f] cGTofg'ejÚ— 

…ef]Ug} k5{ sdfO{ k"j{h'gLsf] dfy} k'm6fP klg 

OR5fdflkms ef]u kfO{ ;'vn] sNn] latfof] h'gL . 

cfk} Fmn] ul/So} x'g] olb eP b'Mv} a6'N5' egL 

sf] eGYof] s'g b'Mlvg} hutdf afFsL /xGYof] klg ..Ú 

of] ljz]iffÍdf kfFr Znf]s k|sflzt 5g\ tfklg o;sf] ;+Dk"0f{ c+z @)$) 

;fndf rqmkfl0f zdf{ rfln;] zt jflif{sL ;df/f]xdf 5flkPsf] 5 . 

slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8\ofnsf] …lk+h/faf6 5'6]sf] ;'ufÚ, l;l4r/0fsf] …5fqx¿nfO{ 

;Gb]zÚ / s]bf/dfg Jolytsf] …lrnl;tÚ pNn]vgLo sljtfx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . ;flxTosf 

cGo ljwfdf x[borGb|l;+x k|wfgsf] …la/fnf]Ú lgaGw cfˆg} k|sf/sf] 5 . zlzsnf zdf{sf] 

…/dfsf] d'lQmÚ zLif{ssf] Psdfq syf k|sflzt 5 . syf Toltv]/sf] ;do ;'xfpFbf] 

syfj:t'af6 ;';lHht 5 . gf/LnfO{ ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjk|lt hfu?s /xg pTk]l/t ug{ 

;kmn 5 . gf/L canf x}g, ;anf x'g\ eGg] ;Gb]z syfn] af]s]sf] 5 . 

;'>L /fhnIdL dNnsf] gfd ljjfxkl5 /fHonIdL /f0ff ePsf] tYo pNn]vgLo 

5 . pxfFsf] …h'gn] klg kf]N5Ú -@)^$_ sljtf ;ª\u|x x]g' {x'g cg'/f]w 5 . …g]kfnL 

;flxTo / lzIff k4ltÚ zLif{s n]v pNn]Vo 5 . o;}u/L /TgWjh hf]zLsf] …;flxTo 

s]xL larf/Ú, k'is/k|;fb zdf{sf] …gf/L hfu[ltsf] gofF nx/Ú, hgf{bg ;dsf] …3/ ljZj 

sf]7f g]kfnÚ, k"0f{ axfb'/sf] …dflg;sf] pTklQ / ljsf;Ú, wd{/Tg oldsf] …rLgaf6 

l;sf} +Ú, /fdxl/ hf]zLsf] …lzIff / ;dfh;]jfÚ cGo pkof]uL n]vx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . 

efiff / Jofs/0f k|:t't ljz]iffÍsf] t];|f] tyf clGtd ljwf xf] . Oltxf; lz/f]dl0f 

afa'/fd cfrfo{sf] …xfd|f] /fi6«efiffÚ cg';Gwfg d"ns n]v, k'is/ zDz]/sf] …g]kfnL 

efiffdf pRrf/0fÚ, uf]kfn kfF8]sf] …/fi6«efiffsf] c¿ efiffl;t ;DaGwÚ tyf ;fu/dl0f 

cf=bL=sf] efiff n]v cfhsf] ;Gbe{df klg Tolts} dfggLo / cWoogLo 5g\ . 

g]kfn lzIffsf] k|:t't ljz]iffÍdf s]xL ljz]iftfx¿ klg 5g\ . n]vsx¿sf] kl/rosf 

;fy} n]vsx¿sf] t:jL/ klg k|sflzt 5g\ h'g cfhsf] b[li6n] x]bf{ P]ltxfl;s nfUb5g\ . 

lzIffsf] If]qdf of] Pp6f pNn]VogLo 36gfsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . cfh klg o;sf] 

pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 g]kfndf lzIffsf] Oltxf; n]Vgsf] lgldQ . 

;DkfbsLo k[i7df tf/fdfgl;+x :jfF/sf] …lhDdfhdfgLÚ / naaxfb'/ …slknÚsf] 

…ljz]iffÍ tof/ubf{sf] s'/fÚ 5g\ . ljz]iffÍdf 5fKg n]vssf kmf]6fx¿ of]Uo agfpg] 

sfd O{Zj/ a/fnsf] k|ltlglw syf ;ª\u|x …‰ofnaf6Úem+ } Toltv]/sf pbLodfg snfsf/ 

n}gl;Fx afFUb]nn] u/]sf /x]5g\ eg] kmf]6fx¿ rflxF lji0f'Wjh / gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7af6 

k|fKt ePsf /x]5g\ . 

em08} 5 bzs cl3 olt pRr :t/sf] ljz]iffÍ lgsfNg' eg]sf] n/t/f] sfd 

xf]Og . k|:t't ljz]iffÍ lgsfNg ag]sf] ;Dkfbs d08ndf ;f]dgfy, /fd/fh, q}nf]Sogfy, 

tf/dfgl;+x :jfF/ naaxfb'/ …slknÚ x'g'x'GYof] . oL >4]o kfFr JolQm dWo] naaxfb'/ 

…slknÚ afx]s c¿ ;a} ljlt;Sg' ePsf] 5 . 

♣♦♥♠ 

57 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

] 

cGtd{gsf] ofqfdf hLjgfg'e"lt 

8f= /fdbofn /fs]z 

afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ 

…;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f cGtd{gsf] o; af;df 3'ldlkm/L ToxL+ cfOk'u]sf] 5' hxfFaf6 

d}n] hLjgsf] ofqf yfn]sf] lyPF . Tof] xf] ;flxTo l;h{gf . of] gofF k':tssf] l;h{gf u/]sf] 

5' . ;flxTo l;h{gfsf af;x¿ dfq d]/f] o; ofqfsf cfgGbbfoL If0f x'g\ .Ú 

/f]uu|:t / o+q0ffu|:t tyf ;+qf;u|:t dflg;nfO{ ;flxTo l;h{gfaf6 s]xL 

;dosf nflu ePklg, s]xL If0fsf nflu eP klg ;'vfg'e'lt x'G5 of] af:tljstf 

xf] . To:t} ;+uLtsf] ;'dw'/ ;'g]kl5 /fxtsf] ;'vfg'e'lt x'G5 . ;flxTosf] /;f:jfbgaf6 

a|XdfgGb ;xf]b/sf] r/d cfgGb klg k|fKt x'G5 . ;flxTo l;h{gfaf6 klg cfgGbg'e"lt 

x'G5 . hubLz l3ld/]n] d[To'sf] kfZj5fofdf ;dLIo s[lt cGt{dgsf] ofqfM cfTdfnfk 

n]Vg] qmddf / n]v]kl5 d[To'sf] eos+/ oftgfaf6, o+q0ffaf6 s]xL k|fKt ug' { ePsf] 

s'/f pxfFsf] dfly pb[t k+lQmaf6 k|i6 ePsf] 5 . pxfFdf cf:yf ljZjf; / cfzfsf] 

;+rf/ u/]sf] 5 o;n] . hLjgsf] ljifbdo If0fdf klg pxfFdf ljZjf; lyof], hLjgk|ltsf] 

HjnGt lhhLljiff lyof] / pxfF d[To'sf] d'vaf6 afRg ;kmn x'g'eof] . c+u| ]hL efiffdf 

Pp6f egfO 5 Hope Sustains Life cfzf hLjgnfO{ kfng u5{ . afOandf elgPsf] 

5 If ypu have faith then you can move the mountain olb tkfO{ +df ljZjf; 5 eg] 

tkfO{ + kxf8nfO{ klg rnfodfg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . 

;flxTosf/ hubLz l3ld/]df klg cfzf cf:yf / ljZjf; ePsf] kl/0flt xf] . 

;'dLIo s[lt . pxfF lg/fz eP klg ax' lsdtL pkrf/af6 gofF hLjg kfpg ;Sg' 

x'lGyof] t/ k|:t't s[lt hlGdg ;Qm}g lyPg t/ cfzfjfbL / cf:yfjfbL ePsf]n] g} 

;dLIo s[ltsf] l;h{gf ;+ej x'g ;s]sf] 5 . pxfF ;flxTosf/ g ePsf] eP olt l56f] 

:j:Yo x'g klg ;+ej lyPg . hubLz l3ld/] nAw k|lti7 / nf]slk|o ;flxTosf/ 

k"j{df klg x'g'x'GYof] t/ gf]s/L hLjgsf] Jo:t ;dodf pxfFn] ;flxTo l;h{gfdf w]/} 

;do lbg ;Sg' ePg t/ d[To';Fu n8\g] If0fdf pxfFn] ;flxTonfO{ g} ;:q agfP/ 

d[To'nfO{ Pp6f hab{:t emfk8 lbg' ef] . of] pxfFdf cbDo cfF6sf] hLjGt / pNn]vgLo 

tyf pbfx/0fLo pknAwL xf] . of] sfnnfO{ lht]kl5sf] sfnhoL s[lt x'g uPsf] 5 . 

;+:s[t ljb\ ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] egfO{ pb\w[t ug{ rfxG5' . hubLz l3ld/]n] 

/Qm SofG;/;Fu n8]/ n]v]sf] cGt{dgsf] ofqf g]kfnL ;flxTosf] s7f]klgifb xf] . 

pxfFsf] o; egfOdf cfFlzs ;Totf kfOG5 . lxGbL al/i7 slj sF 'j/gf/fo0fsf] 

sfJos[ltsf] gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 cfTdhoL . cfTdhoLsf slj klg cf:yfjfbL 

x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] klg d[To'nfO{ hLjgsf] ;dfkgsf] ?kdf xf]Og, gofF hLjgsf] 

pb\3f6g–Oe/sf] ?kdf lrq0f ug' { ePsf] 5 . cfTdhoL df glrs]tf / afh>jfs] 

;+3if{nfO{ cleJolQm ul/Psf] 5 . glrs]tf sfJosf] cGTodf cfTdhoL ag]/ pkl:ylt 

x'G5 . pm d[To'sf] jf:tljs cg'ej dfq ub} {g clkt' d[To'af6 d'lQm klg kfpF5 / 

cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf] k|df0fklg k|:t't ub{5 . pm lg/fz / ;+qf;sf] aLrdf klg cfkm\gf] 

cl:dtfsf] cfu|x ub{5 . cfTdhoLdf ljleGg bz{gx?sf] ;dfxf/ ul/Psf] 5 . slj 

58 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

| 

{ 

{ 

s' Fj/ gf/fo0fsf] b[li6 ef/tLo a]bfGtsf] ;fy;fy} cl:tTjjfbL bz{g lt/ klg cu|;/ 

ePsf] 5 . cl:tTjjfbL bz{gsf] k|efjn] ubf{ cfTdhoL df 7fpF 7fpFdf d[To', OZj/ 

/ cl:tTjaf]w h:tf] ;d:ofdfly ljrf/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] lg/+t/ / lr/zfZjt k|Zg 

xf] h;sf] pQ/ dflg;n] clxn];Dd vf]h ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . s7f]klgifb\df glrs]tfsf] 

d[To'sf] eo+s/tfnfO{ cg'ej ub{5 / d[To';Fu ;fIffTsf/sf] If0fdf eeaf6 d'Qm x'g 

rfxG5 h:tf] 

…olb kLgf xL xf] hx/ 

p;] bf] t/x ;] lkof hf ;stf x} 

8/t] 8/t] 

d/g] ;] kxn] xL d/s/ 

of p;L r/d eo ;] sf]O c+wf an kf 

hLjg ;] eL pk/ p7s/ .Ú 

oxfF hulbz l3ld/]sf] s[lt cGtd{gsf] ofqf / s' Fj/ gf/fo0fsf] s[lt cfnhoLsf] 

t'ngf ug] { sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5}g / of] t'ngf x'g klg ;Qm}g . lsgeg] Pp6f uBfVofg 

xf] eg] csf] { kBfVofg lsGt' ljifout ;dfgtf ePsf]n] oxfF pNn]v dfq ul/Psf] xf] . 

hubLz l3ld/] klg ;dLIo s[ltdf hLjg / d[Tosf] af/]df lr+tg ug' { x'G5 . 

k"jL{o hLjgb[i6Lsf] cfnf]sb]lv cl:tTjjfbL lr+tgwf/fsf] ljZn]if0fdf klg pxfF kl5 

kg' { ePsf] 5}g . ;dLIfs uf]ljGb/fh e6\6/fO{ klg ;xL yK5g\ . 

ToxfF cfgGb / xif{sf] ;u/dfyf r9]sf] a]nf crfgs pgnfO{ d[To'sf] 5fofn] 

5f]lk;s]sf] yfx x'G5 . To;kl5sf /rgf pkrf/ qmd, cg]s lr+tg, cg]s kL8f, 

P]sflGqstf / eon] el/Psf 5g\ . n]vs Ps u+eL/ bfz{lgs txdf cf]ln{G5g hutL 

rfn eGbf km/s, cfkm\gf kfl/jf/Ls / k] ]dLhgaf6 k| ]dk"0f{ af]nL / b[i6L cfzfdf 

cNem]sf] c;xfo x' Fb} uPsf], l8:6j8{ d'8 lnP/ xtk|t l:yltsf] hutsf] clGtd / 

x:osf] lrGtgdf 8'a]sf . Pp6f eo+s/ qf;b oyfy{ cl3lNt/ e'm08fP/ 9's9's ub} 

plePsf . ha of] s[lt k9], pgsf] cGt/cfTdfsf] slDkt cfjfh ;'g], oL v08x? 

d[To' lrGtgn] el/Psf] kfPF . Ò wd{, cy{, sfd, df]Ifdf pgL k"jL{o lrGtgsf], hLjg 

;DaGwL bz{gsf] ;f/ k|:t't ub{5g\ . k|To]s dflg;df hutk|ltsf] lnK;f / df]x 5, 

otfptf sfnn] k'mls/x]sf] l:ylt sfnsf] kfZj{5fofdf c8]l;Psf] ljj; cfTdf .Ú 

/rgfsf/ hubLz l3ld/]n] :jo klg 7fpF 7fpFdf hLjg / hut, hLjg / 

d[To'sf] af/]df cfkm\gf] cg'ej c+lst u/]/ kf7sx?nfO{ cjut u/fpg' x'G5 .pxfFsf] 

sygnfO{ oxfF pb[t ug' { k|f;+lus g} xf]nf hLjg / hutnfO{ s;}n] b}jsf] nLnf 

eG5g, s;}n] k|s[ltsf] vf]nf . h;n] h] dfg] klg s'/f pxL xf] . cyf{t Tof] s'g} cs} 

zlQmsf] v]n xf] . ha dfG5] cs} { zlQmsf] cwLgdf 5 eg] hf] / h] eP klg nLnf 

ePklg, vf]nf eP klg tflTjs km/s s]xL 5}g . d]/f] v} eg] klg, k|s[lt eg] klg, 

nLnf eg] klg v]nf eg] klg ;dog} xf] c? s]xL xf]Og . 

hLjg / hut, hLjg / d[To'sfaf/]df w]/} wd{u'?x¿, ljåfgx¿ / bfz{lgs x¿n] 

lrGtg dgg ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . j]b pklgifbsf] t lgrf]8df …g]lt–g]ltÚ eg]/ r'knfu]sf 

5g\ t/ klg o;sf] /x:of]b\3f6g cfh;Dd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, eljiodf klg x'g]jfnf 

5}g . t/ ;|i6f b|i6f klg x'G5 . t;y{ ;|i6f hubLz l3ld/]n] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] lrGtg– 

59 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

dggsf] lgrf]8 lgDg kª\lQmx¿df lgsfn]sf 5g\— …d]/fnflu ;do g} ;a] {;af{ ;To 

xf], :jo+l;4 ;To xf] . ;TonfO{ s'g} u|Gy, s'g} u'? jf s;}n] klg l;4 ug' { kb} {g . 

c;TonfO{ l;4 ug] { sf]l;; ug' { k5{, ;TonfO{ xf]Og . ;To :yfoL / zfZjt x'G5, 

;f]r kl/jQ{gzLn / ;fdlos .Ú 

/rgfsf/ hubLz l3ld/]n] ;dLIf s[ltnfO{ ljleGg zLif{s / pkzLif{sx¿df 

ljeflht u/]/ n]Vg' ePsf] 5 d'Vo zLif{sx¿ x'g\— !=dgsf] ax ;a}nfO{ sx, @=wsf] {, 

#=h/f, $=dGynL, %=hgsk'/, ^=sf7df8f} +, &=efj :jefj, :jjf:tljstf, *= tfdfsf]zL 

;]jf ;ldlt, (= /fhgLlt, !) hgo'4, !!=k'/:sf/, !@=lsdf] pkrf/, !#=3/–:ju{, 

!$=kl/jf/, !%=:jf:Yo, !^=wd{ cy{ sfd df]If, !& sfofsNk, !*=;do, clg 

kl/lzi6 M nfndf]x/x¿ . oxfF ;a} zLif{s / pkzLif{sx?sf] af/]df ;la:tf/ rrf{ 

kl/rrf{ ug' { ;+ej 5}g t/ d]/f] Wofg s]xL zLif{sxdf cjZo cfs[i6 ePsf] 5 / d 

ltg}df s]Gb|Le"t eP/ s]xL s'/fx¿ oxfF cu|;l/t ug] { cg'elt rfxG5' . 

hgsk'/ zLif{sdf pxfFsf] ldlynf~rnk|ltsf] df]x k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ldlynfsf] 

df6f] / d'6'nfO{ pxfFn] dfld{s Pj+ dd{:kzL{ 9+uaf6 cleJoQm ug' { ePsf] 5 . hgsk'/df 

a:bf pxfFsf] ;flxlTos cle?lrdf clej[l4 ePsf] kfOG5 . pxfFsf] ;flxlTos j[Qdf 

dg' a|fhfsL, 8f=wL/]Zj/ emf, nLnfl;+x sdf{, /fk|p kf]v/]n, sdn uhd]/, lbg]z lu/L 

cflbsf] gfd ljz]if ¿kdf pnn]Vo 5 . 8f= lw/]Gb|nfO{ t pxfF cfkm\gf] ;flxlTos 

d]G6/ g} dfGg'x'G5 . pxfFsf] zAbnfO{ oxfF pb\w[t ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5— …d]/f] hgsk'/ 

jf;n] cg]sf} + ;Dks{, ;+of]u, ljof]u, :jLsf/, c:jLsf/ kL8fhlgt cfTdlrGtgsf] 

;3g b'Mv;'vfTds ;lGw–;+qmd0fsfn lyof] . tL ;a} ldn]/ dnfO{ cg]sf+ } tLa|td 

cg'e"lt lbP h;n] d]/f] k|f/lEes ;lxlTos / /fhgLlts r]tgf clg hLjgf]2]Zo / 

:jjf:tljstfsf] ;d]t hu xfn] .Ú 

/fd]5fksf] ;b/d'sfd dGynLdf @)^@;fn r}q @* ut], ;g\ !(^$ ck| }n !) 

tfl/vdf pxfFsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . pxfFn] ;dLIo s[lt n]Vg'eGbf k"j{ lnnfd / ;lalt 

h:tf rlr{t pkGof;x¿ n]v]/ cfkm\gf] sLlt{dfg g]kfnL cfVofg ;flxTodf :yflkt 

ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . dGynL pxfFsf] hGde"lddf dft[e"ld ePsf]n] o;k|lt pxfFsf] 

x[bodf c;Ld k| ]d 5 . of] ;j{yf :jfefljs klg xf] . pxfFs} zAbdf— …dGynLsf] 

k|To]s s0f, k|To]s b[io, k|To]s s'/f dnfO{ t]:t} l5gl5gdf ablng] b[Zo h:tf] 

ultzLn / /d0fLo nfUof] . ;a} s'/fdf ;f}Gbo{ x'G5, t/ ;a} cfFvfn] tL l6Kb}gg\ . d]/f] 

dgn] dGynLsf] ?vf] kfvfdf klg Tof] ;f}Gbo{ b]Vof] .Ú 

slj l;l4r/0f >]i7sf] d]/f] Kof/f] cf]vn9' +uf h:t} dGynLsf] s0f s0f;Fu, c0f' 

c0f';Fu pxfFsf] cfTdLo ;DaGw 5 . o;nfO{ ljsl;t ug{sf] nflu pxfFn] tfdfsf]zL 

;]jf ;ldltsf] :yfkgf ug' { eof] . l3ld/] bDktLåf/f :yflkt tfdfsf]zL ;]jf ;ldlt 

kl5 pxfFsL k| ]ldsfh:tf] ;j{lk|o x'g uof] . pxfFn] tfdfsf]zLsf] j0f{g o;/L ug' 

ePsf] 5— …tfdfsf]zL d]/L k|yd k| ]ldsf xf] . ;Ktsf]zLsf] o; zfvfn] dnfO{ k}nf] 

/f]df~r lbPsf] lyof] . d o;nfO{ dGynL ufpF–la;Laf6 cfFvfn] lbge/ lkP/ c3fpGgF . 

o;;Fu d bf]xf]/L uLt ufp5' FÒ Òtfdfsf]zL;Fu d]/f] cfTdLo ;DaG5 5 . o;dfly 

d]/f] xflb{s clwsf/ 5 . d]/f] k'vf{ o;}sf] sfvdf 89], dnfO{ klg o;}sf] 5]pdf cfuf] 

nfludfUg] wf]sf] 5 . d]/L k| ]ldsf tfdfsf]zL pmM Tof] 8fF8fsf] sftsft} au]sL 5, gfFu} 

60 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

;'t]sL 5 . d]/f] cfFvfsf] To;sf] kfpaf6 yfn]/ To;sf] afFuf] l6Fuf] z/L/ hDd} 

;'D;'dfP/ l;pFbf];Dd k'U5g\ .Ú 

o;/L /rgsf/n] cfˆgf] dft[e"ld dGynLk|lt xflb{stf, ;x[bozLntf, :g]x / 

;DaGw tyf ;xof]u bzf{P/ cfkm\gf] sQ{Jo / bfloTj k"/f ug' { ePsf] 5 . 

efj, :jefj, :jjf:tljstf zLif{sdf hubLz l3ld/]Ho"n] ;flxTo / /fhgLltsf] 

kf/:kl/s ;DaGwaf/] w]/} lrGtg / dgg ug' { ePsf] 5 . o; zLif{ssf] ;flxlTos 

dxTj 5 . Pp6f ljlzi6 lsl;dsf] lzi6, ;'Gb/, ;'nlnt lgaGw g} x'g uPsf] 5 . 

o;sf] cfˆg} df}lns lsl;dsf] dxTj 5 . o; zLif{saf6 s]xL x/kmx¿ pb\w[t ug] 

nf]e ;+j/0f ug{ ;lQmg d . k|:t't 5g\ tL x/kmx¿M— …;flxTo Tof] ;bfaxf/ ¿v xf], 

h'g hlt ljzfnsfo ePklg af]lemn x' Fb}g . ;flxlTos ¿vsf] ljzfntfsf] ;f/ ;fg' 

k"mn h:tf] ;'uGwdo / dL7f] kmn h:tf] ;/; x'G5 . ;a} >]i7 ;flxTodf k|Zg z]if 

/xG5, To;}n] Tof] ;flxTo x'G5 . ;a} Jofjxfl/s /fhgLltdf k|Zg z]if /xGg, To;}n] 

Tof] /fhgLlt x'G5 . 

;flxTo ;Tosf] cg';Gwfg xf], /fhgLlt e"m7sf] v]tL . ;flxTodf k|ltef gofF 

x'G5 /fhgLltdf hfn;fhL . ;flxTo pwf/f] xf] /fhgLlt gub . ;flxTo hLjg / 

hut\sf ;d:ofx¿sf] c;dfwfg xf] . /fhgLlt / hLjg hutsf ;d:ofx¿sf] unt 

;dfwfg xf] . t/ ;flxTo uf]/]6f] xf], /fhgLlt d"naf6f] . 

;flxTo / /fhgLltdf cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw x'G5 . g+u / df;'sf] h:tf] ;DaGw 

x'G5 . rf]nL / bfdgsf] h:tf] cleGg ;DaGw x'G5 . t;y{ dfgj hLjgdf ;flxTo 

/ /fhgLlt b'a}sf] cf–cfˆgf] 7fpF 5 .Ú 

hubLz l3ld/]sf] syg dfld{s 5, dd{:kzL{ 5 . pxfFn] cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 

5— …/fggLlt rf]v]f ge}sg ;dfh, /fi6 / ;+;f/ rf]vf] x' Fb}g . ;flxTon] /fhgLltnfO{ 

rf]vf] x'g] af6f]–d]nf] b]vfpg];Dd ;S5 . t/ cfk"mnfO{ rf]Vofpg] sfd ;fd'lxs 

¿kdf /fhgLlt1n] cfkm} ug' { kb{5, /fhgLltn] cfkm} + ug' { k5{ .Ú 

oxfF;Dd pxfFdf n]vsLo r]tgfsf] pTsif{ b]lvG5 . t;y{ pxfF ;uf}/j eGg 

?rfpg' x'G5— …n]vs x'g' d]/f] uj{ / uf}/j xf] .Ú 

pxfFn] /fhgLlt zLif{sdf cfk"mnfO{ /fhgLlt;Fu ljt[i0ff ePsf] Joxf]/]jf/ 9+uaf6 

ljj]rgf ug' { ePs]f 5 . /fhg}lts hut\df JofKt b'/frf/— e|i6frf/, Jolerf/, 

kfkfrf/, lj;+ult / ljs[ltsf] ;lj:tf/ rrf{ ub} { cfk"m /fhgLltaf6 6f9f a:g'dfg} 

cfˆgf] sNof0f 7fGg'x'G5 . /fhgLltaf6 6f9f a:g'df g} cfˆgf] sNof0f 7fGg'x'G5 . 

/fhgLltaf6 ;Gof; lnP/ ;dfh;]jf / ;flxTo ;Gwgfdf ;dlk{t x'g] ;sNk lng'x'G5 . 

dnfO{ oxfFg]/ c+u] |hL efiffsf] ljJbfg\ hf]gfyg l:jkm\6sf] egfO ofb cfpF5 . 

pgn] eg]sf 5g\— Politics as the word is commnly understood is nothing but 

curruption o:tf] ljs[t / lj;+utk"0f{ /fhgLltdf hubLz l3ld/]h:tf hNbf aNbf 

;flxTosf/ l6Sg] s'/} ePg . 

;dLIf s[ltsf] dd{:yn dnfO{ …sfofsNkÚ zLif{s nfUof] . of] zLif{s k9]kl5 

s:t} lgi7'/÷lgd{d kf7ssf] cfFvfaf6 klg cfF;' k|jflxt x'g a]/ nfpb}g . d t w'¿ 

w¿ /f]PF . hubLz l3ld/]sf] sfofsNk x'g'df pkrf/ y/L y/Lsf / pxfFsf z'elrGts 

;fyLx¿, :jhgx¿ / ljb]zL ;fyLx¿sf] w]/} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . pxfFnfO{ h:tf] 

61 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

]]] 

:j:Yo pkrf/sf nflu s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;'ljwf k|fKt 5}g . pxfFsf] 

:jf:Yo aLdfsf] s'/fsf] sNkgf klg xfdL g]kfnLn] ug{ ;Qm}gf} + . pxfFnfO{ d efUodfgL 

g]kfnL 7fGb5' . pxfFsf] hLjg ljdfn] pxfFsf] :jf:Yof]krf/df ;+ej x'g ;Sof] / 

pxfFsf] sfofsNk eof] . 

;dLIo s[ltsf] c+ltd kl/R5]b …;doÚ xf] pxfF ;donfO{ ;j{zlQmdfg\ 7fGg' 

x'G5 h'g o'u ;To xf] . ;doeGbf 7"nf] sf]xL klg x' Fb}g, s]xL klg x' Fb}g . pxfFs} 

zAbdf— …h] xf] ;do xf] . h] 5 ;dodf 5 . andfg\ Tof] x'G5 h;sf] ;do cfPsf] 

x'G5 . a'l4dfg\ Tof] x'G5, h;sf] ;do cfPsf] x'G5 . ljhoL Tof] x'G5, h;sf] ;do 

cfPsf] x'G5 . ;a} ;do xf] . ;do rdTsf/ xf] . 

pxfFsf] o; lgisif{l;t ;xh} ;xdlt hgfpFg ;lsG5 . hubLz l3ld/]n] 

…cGt{dgsf] ofqfÚdf lxGbLsf dxfslj /xLdsf bf]xfx¿ w]/} pb\w[t ug' {ePsf] 5 h'g 

;xL, ;l6s Pj+ ;fGble{s 5g\ . ;dLIo /rgfsf] k|f/De g} pxfFn] g]kfnL pvfg 

…dgsf] ax s;}nfO{ sxaf6 ug' { ePsf] 5 t/ /lxdn] o:tf] klg eg]sf 5g\ . 

/lxdg dg sL Joyf dg xL /fvf] uf]o 

;'lg c7n}xF ] nf]u ;a afFl6 g n}xF ] sf]o 

oL b'O{6} sygdf ;Totf 5 h:tf] nfU5 . …cGtd{gsf] ofqfÚ k7gLo, :t/Lo tyf 

;+u|x0fLo Pj+ pbfx/0fLo pTs[i6 s[lt x'g uPsf] 5 . o;sfnflu hubLz l3ld/] 

wGojfb Pj+ ;fw'jfbsf kfq ;ljt x'g'ePsf] 5 . 

vfgnfO{ g'g 5}g, ;'gsf] s] s'/f 

cwd/f] afFRg] of], tgsf] s] s'/f 

♣♦♥♠ 

uhn 

/fd]Zj/ hng 

a'ª\dtL, nlntk'/ (*$!&$@)!) 

cfFvf, sfg eP/ klg gb]Vg] g;'Gg] 

dw'/ w'g, c/0o /f]bgsf] s] s'/f 

x/]s rLh 5 oxfF dxFuf] ;fx« } g} 

;:tf] dfG5]s} 5, v'gsf] s] s'/f 

v'Nnf cfsfz g} 5 h;sf] 5fgf] 

b'MvL u/LjnfO{ pmgsf] s] s'/f 

;Qf, eQf, s';L{ ;w} F Kof/f] x'g]nfO{ 

cefj, si6s/ hghLjgsf] s] s'/f ÛÛÛ 

♣♦♥♠ 

62 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

gof“ /]n ÷gof“ v]n 

nfj0o ;ksf]6f 

hgky 6f]n, lj/f6go/— !% 

yf]qf] eO{;Sof] k'/fgf] /]n 

vf]qmf] eO;Sof] k'/fgf] v]n . 

slt 7]Ng' of] k'/fgf] /]n 

slt v]Ng' of] k'/fgf] v]n .. 

k'/fgf] /]nn] w]/} x08/ vfOof] 

k'/fgf] v]nn] ;fx« } rSs/ vfOof] . 

t];}n] cj gofF /]n rflxof] 

t];}n] cj gofF v]n rflxof] .. 

t/, 

x/]; gvfg'xf];\— x08/ vfOof] eg]/ 

r/]; klg gvfg'xf];\— rss/ vfOof] eg]/ 

lsgls 

sNn] eG5 g]kfndf— gofF /]n 5}g eg]/ 

x]gf] {;\ t slt 5g\ /]n— yfglulGt ug]/ 

h:t} 

lh/Ldf rNg]/]n— lh/]n 

uh'/Ldf rNg] /]n— uh'/]n 

vf]sgfdf rNg] /]n— vs'/]n 

7f]sgfdf rNg] /]n — 7s'/]n 

ksnLdf rNg] /]n— Kofs'/]n 

;f]n'df rng] /]n— :ofs'/]n 

vf/fdf rNg] /]n— v/]n 

kf]v/fdf rNg] /]n— kf]v/]n 

kf]v/]nsf klg b'O6f zfvf /]n 5g\ 

hf] kfgL / b"wn] rN5g\ 

63 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

h:t} 

kfgLn] rNg] /]n— kfgL kf]v/]n 

b"wn] rNg] /]n— b"w kf]v/]n 

olQsf /]n x' Fbfx' Fb} 

sNn] eG5 g]kfndf gofF /]n 5}g eg]/ 

b]Vg'ef] t < slt /fg\ /]n— yfglulGt ug]/ .. 

♣♦♥♠ 

u'/F“; gk'mn]sf dgx¿k|lt 

nId0f cfrfo{ 

rGb|lgufxk'/— !, /f}tx6 

cgfof; 

dnfO{ s;}n] ;f]Wof], 

sljHo" Û dgdfklg k"mn k'mN5 / < 

dgdf klg lxdfn xfF:5 / < 

dgdf klg 8fFk]m gfR5 / < 

dgdfklg klg u'/fF; k'mN5 / < 

k|ltjfbdf d}n] eg] F— 

dgdf k"mn gk'mNbf]xf] t 

xfjfdf y' Fufx¿ ns{g] lyPgg\ 

dgdf lxdfn gxfF:bf]xf] t 

;f}Gbo{af]wn] 5ftL olt dfly prflng] lyPg 

dgdf 8fFk]m ggfRbf]xf] t 

OR5fx¿Tolt ;'Gb/ x'g] lyPgg\ 

dgdf u'nfkm gk'mNbf]xf] t 

Åbodf k| ]d gfdsf] s'g} rLh x'g] lyPg 

dgdf u'/fF; gk'mNbf]xf] t 

5ftLdf b]z gfdsf] s'g} efj x'g] lyPg . 

a? a'em, :jLsf/ u/ 

k"mn M dg lg/k]If k"mn x' Fb}g 

lxdfn M dg lg/k]If lxdfn x' Fb}g 

8fFk]m M dg lg/k]If 8fFk]m x' Fb}g 

u'nfkm M dg lg/k]If u'nfkm x' Fb}g 

u'/fF; M dg lg/k]If u'/fF; x' Fb}g 

geg, dgdf u'/fF; k'mNb}g 

geg, dgdf u'/fF; k'mNb}g . 

♣♦♥♠ 

64 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

lrl;Psf] ;DaGw 

lx/fwg /fO{ 

a'Okf, vf]6fª 

k|1f cfOg\ . glhs}sf] d]rdf a:g] O;f/f u¥of] bLuDa/n] . k|1f ToxL d]rdf 

al;g\ . sf]7fe/L b[li6 bf}8fOg\ . sf]7fdf x]g{ nfos s]xL lyPg . blIf0f tkm{sf] 

leQfdf Pp6f k]lG6Ë lyof] . k]lG6Ëdf ef/tLo ;d'b|sf] s'g} :yfg xf]nf ljzfn 

hn/f;L / To;df t}l//x]sf] 8'Ëf . jxgf ;dfO/x]sf] / 8'Ëf lvofO{ /x]sf] Pp6f 

dfemL . 8'Ëfdf cfl;g o'jtL . skfndf lj+8f / df6f]sf] 3}nf . ;"of{:tsf] w'ldn 

3fd5fofF . lgs} a]/ k|1fn] Tof] t:jL/ x]l/g\ . t:jL/ efjgfsf] ulx/f] w'k 5fFofFdf 

t}l//x]sf] lyof] . t:jL/ h:t} k|1f klg efj's algg\ . 

ælrof lkpg] xf] ls

]zdfsf] s8f cfjhn] bLuDa/nfO{ rGrn agfof] . 9'Ëfsf] cf8df n's]/ 

emf8Ldf lrofpg nfUof] – æd}n] Totf x]/]sf] 5}g========.Æ – bLuDa/ xfF:g nfUof] . 

ælsg xfF;]sf]

' 

bLuDa/n] b]Vof] 6]jnsf] b'j} sk lrof] lr;f] eO;]sf] lyof] . leQ] 38Ldf kfFr 

aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . bLuDa/ klg ux| Fuf] dgn] d]raf6 p7\of] . kmfOnx¿ b/fhdf 

yGSofof] . pm ;8sdf embf{ dflg;x¿sf] 3' FOrf] / axfgx¿sf] rfkn] ;8s k'/} hfd 

aGb} lyof] . 7Ls p;sf] hLjg h:t} . psf] hLjg slxNo} v'Ng ;s]g . n]ssf] v'Nnf 

rf}/L ;lxt :jtGq / cfglGbt aGg ;s]g . pm cˆg} 6]jnsf] lrof ;/L lrl;Psf] 

lyof] . s'g} lbg k|1f;Fusf] u/d ;DaGw cfwfaf6f] k'Ubf gk'Ub} lrl;P h:tf] . 

crfgs lxhf] k|1f;Fu p;sf] e]6 eof] . p;n] k|1fnfO{ k|i6} lrGof] t/ k|1fn] 

p;nfO{ klxn] t lrlggg\ . lgs} a]/ k5fl8dfq 7DofOg\ . 

æxf]Og s] ef] ltldnfO{

hg/n ;'j0f{ zdz]/ 

g[k]Gb|k'?if ‘ofbL’ 

s'k08f]n 

;'j0f{ zDz]/nfO{ hg/n— h/;fx]a eGy], sfFu| ];x¿ rflxF ;'j0f{hL g} eG5g\ . 

@))& kl5 b]zsf] k|yd k|wfgdGqL ePsf >L # dxf/fh df]xg zDz]/nfO{ 

df]xg zDz]/hL of df]xghL eGg kfP/ Pp6f 7"nf] o'4 hLt]sf] of b]zdf qmflGt 

ePsf] 7fG5g\— sf+u| ];L . 

c¿nfO{ xf]Rofpg kfpg' g} casf] o' 'u, jfx /] hgo'uÒ . 

klxn] t d klg nx} nx}df lyPF, kl5 d 3'ldg . casf ;a} a]as'km x'g\ . 

cfk"mnfO{ cln dflyNnf] txsf 7fGg]x¿n] ;'j0f{zDz]/nfO{ x]o u/]s]f d}n] b]v]sf] 

5' . rf]/n] rf]/nfO{ rf]/ eG5, rf]/n] cfk"meGbf c;nnfO{ cfk"meGbf tNnf] 7fGg] < 

Oltxf;n] klg clxn];Dd Gofo ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g, lahoLs} Oltxf; x' Fbf]/x]5 

;8s/fd ;8sb'nf/]sf] s] Oltxf; < 

d ;8s/fdsf,] a6's[if0fsf] s] Oltxf; < Oltxf; t z]/axfb'/sf], k'iksdnsf], 

;'hftfsf], rqm afF:tf]nfsf], afa'/fdsf] kf] Oltxf; Û 

o'uaf]w o:t} 5, gj n]vg o:t} /x]5 . 

cfheGbf kGw|jif{ cl3 d]/f cufl8 n]vfOdf, ;flxTodf gj n]vgsf] gfËf] gfFr 

lyof] . ;a cf–cfˆgf] egfOdf pk|mGy] . k'/fgfnfO{ ufnL ug' { / gdfGg' g} gj n]vg 

/Xof], d rflxF gj n]vg dfGb}g y] + . 

Gofo cFWof/f] g} xf] t < ls 5Fb} 5}g . ca pHofnf] x' Fb}g d g} eG5'— of] ;dosf] 

s'/f xf], o'usf] . ca gfz afx]s csf] { 5}g, ;fFrf] sf]xL af]Nb}g, af]Ng} x' Fb}g . ;fFrf] 

af]n]/ afFRg} ;lsGg cf–cfˆgf] :yfgsf nfluÒ . 

ljZj]Zj/, s[i0fk|;fb dflyNnf lsg eg] oL hgtfsf 5f]/f, ;'j0f{zDz]/ /f0ffsf] 

5f]/f]— hlt;'s} /fd|f] eP klg ;fdGtL] . 

P]n]sfn] hlt;'s} ck/fw u/] klg hgjfbL, k|ultzLn . k'iksdn, e|i6 k|wfgdGqL 

x' Fb} klg c;n qmflGtsf/L . 

ca sf] s] xf], ;don] g} cyaf O{Zj/n] g} lgwf{/0f u5{, kv{gdfq ;Sg'k5{ . 

kfksf] ;do 5, kfkL dfG5]n] s] unf{, dfG5] t ljgfzs, xTof/f, kfkL . 

k|hftGq pQd zf;g xf] t/ b'i6sf] zf;g dfG5]n] g} u/fof] . P]n] k'iksdnsf] 

k|hftGq rn]sf] 5, anfTsf/Lsf] . hgzf;g ;jf] {Rr zf;g x'g'kYof] { . 

hgtfsf g]tfsf] zf;g, lgjf{lzt g]tfsf] . 

;"o{k|;fb klg efUon] g]tf ePsf / cf]e]mn k/L l;l4Psf . lognfO{ k/d]Zj/n] 

ljjfbdf /fVg rfx]g . 

of] ;dfhnfO{ s] eGg], PSsfO{;f} + ztfAbLsf] eGg] < ;dfh ;dfh g} 5 t/ 

gLrtflt/ u};s]sf] 5 . 

u0f]zdfg l;+x, efUon] gt]f sxnfOPsf, ;'wf] g]jf/, 3'dfOdf k/] / 3'dfOdf 

k/L sfFu] |; af6 aflx/ e} l;l4P . 

of] klg Pp6f ;+of]u} xf] . 

68 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

;aeGbf a9\tf h]n a:g] eg]/ xNnfPsf . /fhfsf] k|d'v lj/f]wL, cfk"mnfO{ 

ljb|f]xL eGg], b]zeQm eGg], ;xL gu/L h]naf6 5'6]sf eGg] ;asf lsz'ghL— 

s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{, logL;Fu d klg @)## df h]n a;] + . Hofbf glhs log};Fu eP, hf] 

h]nd'Qm ePkl5 b]zdf a;]/ zfGt cj:yfdf qmflGt rnfP/ a;]sf t/ csf{sf] 

b]zdf a;]sf jL=kL= u0f]zdfg, lul/hf, ;'j0f{ zDz]/;Fu;u} ga;L ;'v} kfPgg\ @)## 

kl5 . ;a}e} +m logL klg cfP uP . b}j OR5f xf] . 

d]/f] b]z g]kfndf @))& cl3sf zf;ssf] s'g :yfg 5 eGg] s'/f ca P}n] 

cfk"mnfO{ clt dflyNnf] dfq xf]Og Ps dfq 7fGg] cjsf hf] sf]xL klg nfh} gdfgL 

anfTsf/ u/]/ af]Ng'— cfk"m P]n]sf] / lxhf]sf] cg'xf/ P]gfdf g x]/L— cs} { s'/f xf] . 

e'm7f] dfly anfTsf/ dfq x'G5 h] eg] klg eof]— P]n] lognfO{ hgtf s]xL ug{ 

;Sb}g, ;xg' afx]s . 

d]/f] b]z g]kfnsf zf;s /f0ff / zfx pQd zf;s x'g\ . k'iksdn / ljz]Zj/ 

eGbf b]znfO{ g]t[Tj lbg ;s]sf oL /f0ff / zfx klg ef/tn] ubf{ nv]l6P / jLkL 

k'iksdn ef/t s} dfG5] x'g\ eGg] s'/f k|i6 e} ;s]sf] 5 . 

sf7df8f} +sf b'O{ rf/ c+u] |hL hfGg], k'mO{ + u/]/ lxF8\g] ljb]zsf kfNt'n] ubf{ cfh 

d]/f] b]zsf] of] b'b{zf eof] . 

k'iksdn, afa'/fd 7"nf ck/fwL x'g\, ;hfoFsf efuL 5g\, ljb]zsf dfG5] . 

d}n] gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;d tyf u'? / n]vs 8fod08 zDz]/;Fu ;+ut u/]sf] 

5' . afaf afns[i0f ;d cToGt ulx/f, ulDe/ 1ftf, ljåfg\, a]bfGtL ;[hgzLn 

cjtf/ g} x'g\— j]b1 . /f0ff s'ndf dflyNnf x'g\ ljZjlglw gf6ssf t lhh' afh] . 

lgaGwsf/ klg . bz{g ;f:qsf 1ftf / JofVofsf/ . ljZjbz{g g} s07 lyof] 

lognfO{ . d}n] ;+ut u/]sf] xf] . afaf n]vgfy, nIdLk|;fb / afaf afns[i0f ;d 

geP, ÒoL tLgdf Ps dfq geP klg ck"0f{ x'G5 g]kfn . oL tLg}n] P]n];Dd g]kfn 

wfg]sf 5g\, Dn]R5 c+u| ]hnfO{ s] yfxf 5 d]/f] b]zsf af/]df,— d]/f] b]z jaf{b ug] {nfO{ . 

k'is/zDz]/;Fu d]/f] kl/ro ePg . s[i0fzDz]/ / dxfjL/ zDz]/sf] klg gfd 

;'g]sf] xf] . 

u'? afns[i0f ;dsf] 3/df d u}/xGy], 1fg]Zj/df . Psk6s pgn] dnfO{ eg]— …afa' 

ltdL ;/bf/ pk]Gb|k'?ifsf 5f]/f /x]5f} . afafx¿s} kydf lxF8\g' k5{ x}, ltd|f lhafsf] 

gfd d}n] ;'g]sf]dfq xf]Og, lrg]sf] xf] . d cfzLjf{b lbG5'— ;flxTodf /fd|f] eP .Ú 

d]/f] b]zdf P]n];Dd w]/} k|wfgdGqL eP, pk k|wfgdGqL / cy{dGqL klg eP t/ hg/n 

;'j0f{ zDz]/nfO{ k5fl8 kfg] {, la;f{pg], gsfd u/fpg], v;fNg] P]n];Dd sf]xL cfPg . 

rf]yfnf] rnfpg', v;fNg', uFh]8L / hF8\ofxfsf] sfd xf], b'i6sf], gLrsf], 

klttsf], kfkLsf] . 

P]n] ;Dd ljZjs} qmflGtsf], g]tfsf], zf;ssf], k|hftGqsf], ;dfhjfbsf], hgtfsf] 

hgjfbsf] cToGt b'?kof]u ePsf] 5 . 

d rLgsf cWoIf dfcf]nfO{ g]tf dflGbg . 

k|wfg dGqLdf >L # df]xgzD;]/ / b]zsf] k|yd lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL @)!%;fndf 

ljz]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf eP . 

of] rflxF t'ngf ug{ b]znfO{ g} lbG5'— x]?F b]zsf] / ljZjsf] Ifdtf Û 

69 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

f0ff ePs} sf/0f df]xg zDz]/nfO{ g dfGg' eg]sf] c1fgs} lzsf/ x'g' xf] 

cyjf w]/} a'l4s} lzsf/ x'g' xf] . 

>L # df]xgn] anfTsf/df k/L b]zsf] /fhfsf] kb / k|wfgdGqLsf] kb 5f]8\g' 

k/]sf] xf] ef/tn] ubf{ . 

;'j0f{ cy{ zf:qsf 1ftf lyP . pgL ljz]if Jofjxfl/stfdf hf]8 lbGy] . g]kfn 

abNg, g]kfn /fv]/ . g]kfn glauf/Lsg dfq abNg' k5{ / hgtfnfO{ b'Mv x'g] u/L 

hgtfn] y]Ug g;Sg] ef/df kf/]/ abNg x' Fb}g eGy] . sfFu| ];sf duGt]x¿n] sDo'lgi6sf 

cNnf/], b'O{ k};]x¿n] cfk"mnfO{ qmflGtsf/L b]vfpg, efF8e}nf] ug] {x¿n] a'e]mgg\ t g 

egf} + 6]/]gg\ / ug{ lbPgg\, ljb]zsf x:t]x¿n] . 

sfFu] |;, sDo'lgi6 / dfcf]jfbLsf k|foM ;a} g]tfx¿ g]kfnL hgtfsf] dfF;' vfb}5g\ . 

c+u| ]hLsf klg dflyNnf] txsf ljåfg\ lyP, ;'j0f{zDz]/ eGg] s'/f d}n] c+u| ]hLsf 

dxfTdf k|f= z+s/b]j kGtaf6 ;'g]sf x' F . b]zsf wgLdf Ps hgf x' Fbfx' Fb} klg ;'j0f{df 

wgLx¿sf] h:tf] gLrtf, kz'tf, lgn{Hhtf jf kltttf slxNo} b]lvPg . 

logn] g} b]zsf] klxnf] ah]6 agfP . /fi6 a} +snfO{ g]t[Tjdf /fVg] log} x'g\ . logL 

clxn] klg /xFbf x'g\ t, d 7fG5' g]kfnnfO{ cjZo klg t:s/LtGqdf dflyNnf] cj:yfdf 

k'Ug lbFb}g lyP . o; b]zdf g]kfnLsf]— dfG5]sf] df]n, cl:tTj / ul/df :yflkt uy] { . b]zsf] 

To;a]nfsf] c:tJo:t cj:yfnfO{ k|f0f lbP/ cy{tGq, pBf]utGq / s[liftGq nfO{ l7s 

7fpFdf /fVb} pTkfbzLndf /fVy] . b]zsf dhb"/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ cg'zf;gdf /fVg dfG5]sf] 

Hofnf / ul/df :yflkt ub} { ;a}n] b]znfO{ dfof ug] { agfpg] lyP . 

en} ;dfhjfb Ps pQd l;4fGt xf]nf g} o;nfO{ nfu' u/fpg] t sd{rf/L / 

dhb'/ x'g\ cjZo ;/sf/sf] oGq g]tf s'g} xfntdf xf]Ogg\ . 

;'j0f{ Mass Leader xf]Ogg\ eg] ax'hg lxtfo g} logsf] Wo]o s;/L x'GYof] < 

ltgL ;bf ul/a / b'MvLx¿sf] pTyfg rfxGy] . 

j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ eg]/ P}n] sf7df8f} +df w]/} hUufdf 3/ ag]sf] 5 ca 

pTkfbgsf] s'/f s] x'g] < ca rfF8} b]zdf clglZrt sfnLg clgsfn nfu' x'G5 . 

P]n] b]z l5Gg / leGg 5, b]z ef/t, cd]l/sf / rLgåf/f zfl;t 5— k'iksdn 

bfxfnsf] zf;g 5 . k'iksdn ljb]zs} dfG5] x'g\ . 

;'j0f{zDz]/sf] ljrf/ / bz{gdf To; a]nf rn]sf] eP @)!& df ldln6/L s' 

v]Kg' kg] { lyPg . ;'j0f{sf] ljrf/ Tof] ;do clt cfjZos lyof] . 

dnfO{ t ljZj]Zj/tGq klg rflxFb}g, k'iksdntGq klg rflxFb}g . cem clxn] 

t g]kfndf kz'tGq / gLrtGq 5 . 

@))& kl5 g]kfndf g]tfx¿sf] anfTsf/ ;'? eof] . ljb]zLsf] Ozf/fdf @)^!— 

)^@ b]lv ef/tsf] k|ToIf zf;g 5, clxn] k'iksdn anfTsf/ ub} { 5g\ . 

gZoGtL ax'gfosfM, ca t b]z g} csf{sf] cwLgdf u};s]sf] 5 . 

g]kfndf P]n] g]kfnLnfO{ g]kfnL eP/ afFRg;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . 

k'iksdnn] anfTsf/sf] e/df ;'? u/]sf] P]n]sf] kfln{ofd]G6nfO{ d kfln{ofd]G6 

dflGbg, b]zn] g} dfGb}g . 

P]n] b]zsf] cfjZostf xf]— 3/ 3/df kfgL k'¥ofpg', ljh'nL cxf]/fq aNg] 

agfpg', lzIffdf e}/x]sf] ck/fw /f]s]/ ul/an] sd df]ndf k9\g kfpg] agfpg', 

70 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ a9fpg', hfuL/df /x]sfnfO{ Gofo ug' { . t:s/LtGq /f]Sg pBf]u 

vf]Ng', oftfoftdf ;'wf/ ug' {, cdn]vuGh /S;f}n / hgsk'/ hogu/ /]n rnfpg', 

ahf/ lgoGq0f ug' {, pTkfbg a[l4 ug' {, e|i6rf/L dGqL / k|wfgdGqLsf] cg}lts sdfO 

hkmt ug' { . d eG5'— g]kfnsf sd{rf/L rf]/ xf]Ogg\— g]tfx¿ rf]/ x'g\ . 

clxn] ;+lawfg, r'gfj jf kfln{ofd]G6sf] s'g} cfjZostf 5}g— b]znfO{ l7s 

7fpFdf /fVg;Sg] l8S6]6/zLksf] cfjZostf 5 . 

geP, afFRg g;lsg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf hgtf ;8sdf cfP eg] cfk"mnfO{ g]tf 

eGg] dfG5]nfO{ 6'l8v]ndf gpEofO{ 5f]8\b}gg\ . 

k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, g] d'lg / eujfg\ a'4 clg cflb slj efg'eQmsf] of] ;fgf] 

b]z, ;+;f/n] clt Kof/f] u/L gfd lng] g]kfn— Ps dfq lxGb" /fi6«, of1jNSo / 

Jof;h:tf bfz{gzf:qLx¿sf] b]z Û clxn] sxL+ st} gfd g} g/xg] u/L lab]zLsf] 

lbzfno ;kmf ug] { sfdbf/x¿sf] b]zdf kl/0ft e};s]sf] 5 . 

cfh s}nfz /f]O/x]5 . eujfg\ kz'kltgfy d]/f cf/fWob]j cfz'tf]ifsf] cl:tTj 

;dfKt x'g] cj:yfdf 5 . ljz]Zj/ k|wfgdGqL 5Fbf tL b'i6n] em08} pvn]/ kmflnlbPsf lyP . 

d k+l8t lji0f' gf/fo0fsf] rf}yf] k':tf xF '— o;df dnfO{ uj{ 5 . d]/L cfdf 

OGb|nIdL, /fhlj/fh dxf]Q/Lsf] r/L, dw]zsL 5f]/L d klg dlw;] . af/f, k;f{, 

sn}of, jL/u+hsf] cGg kfgLn] x's] {sf] d . d]/L cfdfsf] Ps 6'qmf d . 

sfFu| ]; kf6L{n] ;'?b]lvg} y'k| } uNtL u/]sf] 5 . o;n] g 7fgf];\ o;n] g]kfndf 

qmflGt u/]sf] eg]/ Û qmflGt t l5d]sL b]z ef/tn] u/]sf] xf] . 

lqe'jgsf] ;fy g kfPsf] eP s] x'GYof] < 

@))& kl5 /fhf lqe'jgn] o; b]zdf u0ftGq eGg] zf;g :yfkgf u/]sf eP 

d]/f] b]z plxn] k|i6 ¿kdf ef/tsf] k|fGt g} e};Sg] lyof] . 

k'iksdn P]n] g]kfnsf] lx/f] x'g vf]Hb}5g\ . logL ca bf];|f] hGddf klg ;Sb}gg\ . 

hgtfaf6 6f8f /x]sf] dfG5] g]tf x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f km]l/ Ps k6s k|:6 ePsf] 5 . 

d cfZro{df k5' { . afa'/fd / k'iksdn pgsf] kf6L{ hf]ufpg nfu]sf 5g\— b]z 

a/afb u/fP/ . 

P]n] g]kfn g]kfn 5}g . 

d}n] d]/f] b]z g]kfnsf] /Iff ug{, b'i6x¿ af6 hf]ufpg, kfkLx¿af6 arfpg 

sfFu| ]; 5f]l8lbPF, lu/LhfnfO{ ckdfg u/] + . 

♣♦♥♠ 

/ r gf 

-b'O{ dlxg] ;flxlTos k|sfzg_ 

k|To]s cª\s k7gLo k|To]s cª\s ;ª\u|x0fLo 

r=!–%%$ uxgfkf]v/L, 6ª\ufn, sf7df8f} +– @ 

ljut PsfpGg jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ k|sflzt eO/x]5 . 

Od]n M 

romire@mail.com.np kmf]g M 432703, 4432201 

71 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

kf7s kqf+z 

/hgL 9sfn 

pkk|fWofks, g]kfnL s]Gb|Lo ljefu 

b'ioGt Hof]ltHo" 

cleJolQm k"0f{fÍ !%# df …k|1f–k|lti7fgdf sljtf lbj;Ú zLif{ssf] tkfO{ Fsf] 

l/kf]tf{h k9] F . b'Mv nfu]sf] 5, d}n] tkfO{ FnfO{ lrlGbgF clg v'zL klg nfu]sf] 5 

tkfO{ Fn] n]v]sf] l/kftf{hs} sf/0fn] d}n] s]xL n]Vg] ljifo kfO/x]sL 5' . 

;flxlTos hd36df ePsf ultljlwsf af/]df l/kf]tf{h n]Vg' /fd|f] xf] . o:tf] 

n]vg klg ;flxlTos lj|mofsnfksf] csf] { kIf xf] . clg l/kf]tf{h u}/cfVofgfTds 

n]vgsf] Pp6f dxQ\jk"0f{ k|sf/ klg xf] . tkfO{ Fsf] snd o;df lgs} bx|f];Fu OdfGb/Lk"j{s 

rln/xf];\, z'esfdgf Û ;flxTosf] kf7s / ;h{s klg ePsf gftfn] clg g]kfnL efiffnfO{ 

dfof ug] { JolQm ePsf gftfn] o;tkm{ nflu/xg d]/f] xflb{s sfdgf 5 tkfO{ FnfO{ . 

s'/f gfdaf6} ;'? u/f} F . n]vdf tkfO{ Fsf] gfd / Od]n 7]ufgf k9]/ tkfO{ F ;xL 

dfG5] g} xf] h:tf] nflu/x]5, gfd k9\bf eg] g;'g]sf] h:tf] nflu/x]5 . x'g;S5, d}n] 

g;'g]sf] t/ tkfO{ F g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;Dk"0f{ ultljlwsf] hfgsf/ ePsf] ;flxlTos 

JolQmTj Û To;}n] t n]Vg' ePsf] 5, Psbd cflwsfl/s h:tf] ag]/ sf]xL slj g} 

xf]Ogg\ / sf]xL vfF6L slj x'g\ eÌ] s'/f . dnfO{ tkfO{ F;Fu ;f]Wg dg nflu/x]sf] 5— 

Hof]lthL, slt;Dd sljtf l;h{gf u/]sf] ;|i6fnfO{ tkfO{ F sljsf] bh{fdf /fVg' x'G5 < 

s'g} dfG5] slj x'g sltj6f sljtf n]Vg' k5{ < vfF6L slj eg]sf] s] xf] < tkfO{ F;Fu 

sljsf] ;xL kl/ro xf]nf, eP dnfO{ k7fOlbg' xf]nf . w]/} nfeflGjt x'g] lyPF . 

;fFRr} Pp6f dfq} syf n]Vg]nfO{ syfsf/ eÌ x'G5 ls x'Ì Hof]lthL < clg 

Pp6f dfq pkGof; n]Vg]nfO{ pkGof;sf/ eÌ x'G5 ls x'Ì < slj, syfsf/, 

pkGof;sf/ jf ;flxTosf/sf] pkflw slt;Dd n]Vg] / s:tf];Dd n]Vg]nfO{ lbg] < 

;fFRr} tkfO{ Fn] ljrf/ ug{ 'kg] { ultn} s'/f p7fpg' ePh:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 . uf]kfnk|;fb 

l/dfnn] Pp6} sljtf ;ª\u|x n]v], slj eP . b]jsf]6fn] bh{gf} F sfJo / ;of} F sljtfx¿ 

n]v] / klg slj g} eP . deGbf kGw| jif{ sfG5L d]/L alxgL ufpFdf a;]/ sljtf 

n]lV5g\ . pgL klg slj g} x'g\ . 

…d]/f] lzNkL o; zsndf :j:y cfsf/ b]pm 

Pp6} ;fgf] ;/n s[ltdf k"0f{ ;+;f/ b]pm .Ú slj dfwj l3ld/]sf] of] l;h{gf 

kSs} k9\g' ePsf] xf]nf . laGb'df l;Gw' cf6fpg] rfxgf ;|i6fdf x' Fbf]/x]5 eg] …zAb 

y'kf/Lsg s] x'G5, efj eP kf] x'G5 .Ú 

tkfO{ Fsf cg';f/ o;f] ;f]R5' st} sljsf] u| ]8 kf] x'g'kg] { xf] ls < o; af/]df 

tkfO{ Fn] ;f]r]/} n]Vg'ePsf] xf]nf < 

ljZj sljtf lbj;sf] pknIodf sf] sf] ;dfnf]rs / lgaGwsf/n] sljtf 

jfrg u/]5g\ < ;dfnf]rs / lgaGwsf/n] sljtf n]v] ltgnfO{ slj eÌ] ls geÌ] < 

clg sf]xL sljtf n]Vg l;Qm} 5, s;}nfO{ ;'gfpg rfxG5 eg] tkfO{ F p;nfO{ sljtf 

n]Vg pTk| ]l/t ug{ ' x'G5 ls ug{ ' x'Ì < km]l/ Pp6f ;dfnf]rs /fd|f] slj x'g ;Sb}g / < 

72 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

} 

{ 

F 

s] b]jsf]6f lgaGw / sljtfdf plQs} ;kmn 5}gg\ < ljZj sljtf lbj; gofF ;|i6fsf 

nflu klg xf] ls k'/fg}sf nflu dfq < 

clg cGo k];f cFufNg] JolQm jf s'g} k];f g} gePsf] ;fdfGo JolQmn] sljtf 

n]v] s] ug] { < ls p;n] ug] { cGo sfdsf cfwf/df p;sf] sljTjnfO{ lrgfpg' kg] { xf] 

ls < efG5]sf] sljtf, lkpgsf] sljtf, ;xof]uLsf] sljtf, 3/]n' cfOdfO{sf] sljtf, 

;dfnf]rssf] sljtf kf] eÌ' kg] { xf] ls < p;nfO{ slj eÌ} gx'g] xf] Hof]lthL < efiff 

/ ;flxTosf] ;]jf ug] { xs / To;df /dfpg] clwsf/ ;a} efiff k|of]ustf{nfO{ 5 eg] 

;flxlTos /rgfdf k|j[Q x'g] hf]sf]xLnfO{ tkfO{ F s] eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug{ 'x'G5 xF < 

sljtf jfrg ug] {, cfˆg} sljtf jfrg ug] {nfO{ slj geg] s] eÌ] < cf]xf] Û 

ljr/f pb\3f]ifs s] egf];\ < Pp6f ;|i6f sljtf lnP/ plePsf] 5 jfrg ug{ Û 

Hof]lthL, tkfO{ F ;df/f]xdf x'g'x'GYof] jf x'g'x'Gy]g dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . l/kf]tf{h 

n]v]sf cfwf/df tkfO{ F ToxLF ePsf] x'g'k5{ h:tf] nfU5 t/ tkfO{ Fn] ug{ 'ePsf l/kf]l6{ªsf 

unt s'/fsf cfwf/df tkfO{ F ToxLF eP/ klg k"0f{ ¿kdf x'g'x'Gy]g eÌ] nfU5 . lsgeg] 

n]Vg] g} xf] eg] l6Kk0fL ug{ nfossf w]/} s'/f lyP ToxfF . nfdf] sljtf jfrg ug] 

sljn] cfhef]ln s;}nfO{ klg csf{sf] sljtf ;'Ì] w}o{ 5}g egL cfˆgf] sljtf jfrg 

ug{ ' cl3 ;a} ;|f]tfnfO{ sl;nf] Joª\Uo u/L sljtf jfrg nuQ} cfkm" t'?Gt aflxl/P/ 

k'gM cfkm} F Joª\Uosf] kfq ag]sf] s'/f t 5'6]5 t Û To;kl5 sljtf jfrg ug] {n] xfd| 

cufl8 k|ToIf Toqf] s'/f eÌ'ePsf] lyof] ;'Ì'ePg < 

tkfO{ F hfgL hfgL s;}n] eg]sf s'/fnfO{ pN6ØfO{ cfkm} + p6\k6\ofª n]vs x'g t 

rfxg'x'Ì xf]nf < sljtf jfrg sfo{j|mddf d]/f] sljtf jfrg ug{ ' cufl8 d}n] h] eg] 

Tof] dnfO{ /fd|f];Fu yfxf 5 . geP ToxfF ePsf cGonfO{ ;f]Wg ;Sg' x'G5 d}n] s] 

af]n]F . d}n] h] af]n] F tkfO{ Fn] 7Ls pN6f] kf/]/ d]/f] h:tf] agfP/ egfO /fVg' eP5 . g 

d]/f] egfO Tof] lyof] g d]/f] cfzo Tof] lyof] . ToxfF x'g'ePsf] eP tkfO{ FnfO{ yfxf 

x'g'k5{, Tof] ;Eo ;df/f]xdf pb\3f]ifsaf6 dnfO{ o;/L af]nfOPsf] lyof], …ca cfdGq0f 

u5{ ' slj /hgL 9sfnnfO{ Û, dfkm ug{ 'xf]nf, sjloqL eÌ' kg] { xf] ls slj eg] FÒ .Ú 

pb\3f]ifs dlxnf g} lyOg\ . 

d d~rdf k'u] F / wGojfb ;lxt af]n] F,— …d slj g} x' F, ;|i6fnfO{ slj / sjloqL 

eg]/ 5'6\ofpg' k5{ h:tf] nfUb}g . ;|i6fsf] lnË x' Fb}g .Ú d}n] eg]sf] o:tf] s'/fnfO{ 

tkfO{ Fn] df]8]/ 7Ls pN6f] agfpg' eP5 / n]Vg' eP5,— …pxfFn] klg elglbg'eof]— …d 

sjloqL x' F, slj xf]Og . t/ sljsf] lnË x' Fb}g .Ú clg t sljx¿ d'vfd'v ug{ yfn] . 

d';'d';' xfF:g yfn] .Ú -cleJolQm, k"0f{fÍ !%#, k[= &@_ 

Hof]lthL tkfO{ Fn] pN6f] s'/f xF;fpgs} nflu n]Vg' ePsf] xf] eg] d]/f] eÌ' s]xL 

5}g t/ d]/f] egfOnfO{ pN6f] kf/]/ d]/f] JolQmTjdf x|f; cfpg] u/L ;j{hlgs 

klqsfdf n]Vg] clwsf/ tkfO{ FnfO{ 5}g . dnfO{ klg yfxf 5 s] af]Nbf s] cy{ nfU5, 

PSsfO{; jif{sf] lzIf0f cEof; / g]kfnL efiff ;flxTos} ;|i6f ePsf gftfn] . xf], 

af]Nbf slxn]sfxLF s'/f] pN6f] x'g ;S5 t/ d Tof] ;df/f]xdf af]Nbf lrKn]sL lyOgF . 

cfOGbf c¿nfO{ o;f] ug{ ' x'Ì eÌ] ljZjf;sf ;fy of] s'/f] elg/x]sL 5' . t/ olb 

tkfO{ Fn] To;/L g} unt ;'Ì'ePsf] lyof] eg] tkfO{ Fsf] Wofg / ;'Ì] zlQmnfO{ d}n] s]xL 

ug{ ;Sg] klg t xf]Og . d}n] s] af]n] F / tkfO{ Fn] s] n]Vg'eof] eÌ] s'/fsf] k|df0fdf c¿ 

w/} dfG5]x¿ 5g\ To;}n] of] s'/f]nfO{ oxLF 6'Ë\ \ofcf} F . 

73 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

F 

ca s'/f /Xof] …sljÚ / …sjloqLÚsf] . k/Dk/fb]lv k|of]u x' Fb} cfPsf oL b'O{ 

zAbn] j|mdzM sljtf /rgf ug] { k'?if ;|i6f / dlxnf ;|i6fnfO{ a'´fpF5 . of] ;a}nfO{ 

yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] . g]kfnL efiffdf zAb rog / k|of]usf o:tf ljjfbx¿ y'k| } 5g\ . 

tL s'/fsf] klg oxfF rr{f gu/f} F . slj / sjloqLsf af/]df eg] s]xL n]Vg} kg] { nfu]sf] 5 . 

Pp6f ;|i6f ePsf gftfn] klg o; ljifodf s]xL af]Ng / n]Vg l7s x'G5 eÌ] 7x/ xf] d]/f] . 

s'g} klg ;|i6fsf] cg'e"lt lnËut lje]b eP/ plAhG5 eÌ] dnfO{ nfUb}g . k'?if 

xf];\ of dlxnf ;dfhsf ;To tYo s'/fnfO{ p;n] p;}u/L a'´\5 clg p;}u/L 

dx;'; u5{ . dgsf] cGt/ txdf k'?if s'g} 36gfn] h;/L 5f]OG5 dlxnf klg To;/L 

g} 5f]OG5] . h;/L dlxnf / k'?ifsf zf/Ll/s agf]6df s]xL lje]bx¿ /x] klg 

sd] {Gb|Lox¿n] p;}u/L sfd u5{g\ . dlxnfsf xft, v'6\6f, cfFvf, sfg, lha|f], 5fnf, 

gfsn] h;/L sfd u5{g\ k'?ifsfn] klg To;/L g} u5{g\ . k'?ifdf h:t} u/L aU5 

dlxnfsf] z/L/df klg /ut . dlxnfnfO{ h:t} u/L nfU5 xf]nf ef]s k'?ifnfO{ klg . 

dfof / k| ]dsf cg'e"lt klg p:t} xf]nfg\ . clg p:t} xf]nf dl:tissf] af}l4s s;/t, 

cg'e"lt / efjgfsf txx¿ . sljtf, syf n]Vg] ljrf/x¿ . t/ ;fdflhs e"ldsf / 

kl/rodf km/s ePs}n], hg]Gb|Lo km/s ePs} cfwf/df dlxnf / k'?ifsf ;a} kIfx¿ 

km/s x'G5g\ / x'g'k5{ eÌ] dnfO{ nfUb}g . 

ÚsljÚ zAbsf] :qLlnËL ÚsjloqLÚ g} x'g'k5{ eÌ] dfGotfdf cl8u /xg'x'G5 eg] 

syfsf/sf] :qLlnËL s] n]Vg] < pkGof;sf/, dxfslj, kqsf/Ò o:tf zAbx¿sf] 

nfdf] ;"rL aÌ ;S5 . s] s'g} kbsf] lnË x'G5 < clkm;df sfd ug] { dlxnf xf];\ jf 

k'?if kbcg';f/ pm ;+jf]lwt x'G5 . clkm;df sfd ug] { dlxnf sd{rf/LnfO{ tkfO{ 

…>LdtLÚ eÌ' x'G5 / < o:tf] 7fpFdf k'?if dlxnf b'j}nfO{ hgfpg] To:tf zAbx¿ kf] 

rog ug] { xf] ls < …>LÚ zAb ;a}sf] nflu rn]h:t} . oxfF d]/f] dtna s] xf] eg] s'g} 

klg sfo{sf] d"NofÍg af}l4s Ifdtfsf s;f}6Ldf ug{ 'k5{ . …dlxnfÚ jf …k'?ifÚsf 

n}ª\lus s;f}6Ldf xf]Og . s'g} klg l;h{gf To;}leq cGt/lglxt l;h{gfTds snf 

Ifdtfsf cfwf/df ul/g'k5{ s]6f / s]6Lsf zf/Ll/s cfj/0fsf cfwf/df xf]Og . 

s] …sljÚ eÌ] zAb k'lnËL g} xf] < s;n] lbof] of] cy{ < sljdf k'?ifsf] dfq} 

Psflwsf/ s;/L x'G5 ha ls dlxnf klg p;} u/L sljtf l;h{gf u5] { < zAbsf]zdf 

o;/L g} cyo{fOPsf] /x]5 eg] klg of] cy{nfO{ abNg ;S5f} F ls ;Sb}gf} F < 

Pp6f snfsf/ /ª / /]vfsf] ;+of]hg ;f]R5, n]vs zAb / efjsf] ;+of]hg 

;f]R5, gf6s lgb] {zs, lkmNd lgb] {zs ;+jfb / clegosf] ;+of]hg ;f]R5 . dlxnf xf];\ 

jf k'?if snfsf/ dfq ÚsnfÚ ;f]R5, slj …sljtfÚ ;f]R5 . of] ;f]rfOdf dgsf] 

cGtt{x / r]tgf ;dflxt x'G5 g ls lnËut e"ldsf . efiffsf] k|s6Ls/0fdf lnËLo 

lje]b eP klg cg'e"lt / l;h{gfsf txdf lnËLo lje]b x' Fb}g . 

Hof]lthL, olb tkfO{ F eg]sf] /fd|f];Fu ga'´\g] / s]xL n]Vg l;Sb} u/]sf] l;sf? 

n]vs x'g'x'G5 eg] tkfO{ Fsf] of] uNtLnfO{ Ifdf ug] { pbf/ dg 5 ddf . t/ tkfO{ F k|f}9 

n]vs x'g'x'G5 / n]vgnfO{ g} cfˆgf] sfdsf ¿kdf cFufNg'ePsf] 5 eg] tkfO{ Fsf] 

;SsnL gfd vf]n]/ cfpg';\, s'/f u/f} F . olb tkfO{ Fsf] gfd oxL xf] eg] klg d]/f]cufl8 

lrlgP/ cfpg';\ o;/L n's]/ n]Vg] lsg < cfˆg} gfd n'sfP/ tkfO{ F sxfF afFRg'x'G5 < 

@)^*÷@÷@$ 

♣♦♥♠ 

74 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

kjg cfnf]ssf] ‘o"/f]ksf] ememNsf]’df k|j]z ubf{ 

8f= s[i0fk|;fb bfxfn 

sljsf ¿kdf /fd|f] x:tfIf/ agfO;s]sf kjg cfnf]s lgofqfTdfs nfdf] 

k|zjj]bgfkl5 lgofqfsf/sf ¿kdf pbfPsf 5g\Ù o"/f]ksf] ememNsf] lgofqf;ª\u|x 

lnP/ . of] lgofqf;ª\u|xsf] k|sfzg @)^& ;fn r}q dlxgfdf ePsf] lyof] eg] o;sf] 

ljlwjt ljdf]rg rflx+ g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf] ;efsIfdf @)^* ;fn j}zfv @& ut] 

ePsf] lyof] . % h'nfO{, !(*% b]lv lnP/ @& h'g !(*^ ;Ddsf lgofqfTds 

;fdu|Lx¿ o;leq ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . lgofqfsf/n] a]nfot, hd{gL, k|mfG;, l:j6\h/Nof08 

nufot\sf d'n'sx¿sf] ofqfsf qmddf cg'ej / cg'e"lt u/]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ a8f] 

/f]rs lsl;dn] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . lgofqfsf/ :jod\ eG5g\ M æ;g\ !(*%÷*^ lt/ 

d a]nfotdf em08} rf}w dlxgf a:bf n]lvPsf oL lgofqfx¿ TolQs} ylGsP/ /x]sf 

lyP . ToxfF a:bf o'/f]ksf s]xL b]zsf] e|d0f ug] { cj;/ kfPsf] lyPF / cfkm"n] b]v]sf, 

cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf s'/fx¿ zAbdf ptf/]sf] lyPF ljleGg ¿kdf, s'g} lr7Lsf] ¿kdf / 

s'g} ;+:d/0fsf] ¿kdf . n]Vg t n]lvof] t/ kl/dfh{g gu/L 5fKg dg nfu]g . t/ 

kl/dfh{g ug] { ;do slxNo} lgsfNg ;lsgF— Jo:ttfn] g} egf} + . === aNn–tNn 

oltsf jif{kl5 @)^& ;fndf cfP/ tL lgofqfx¿ k':tssf] ¿kdf 5fk]/ >4]o 

kf7sx¿ ;dIf k'¥ofpg] ;fOt h'/]sf] 5 .Æ 

n]vgsf] @% jif] { o'jfj:yf kf/ u/]/ of] lgofqf ;ª\u|x cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL 

lgofqf ;flxTodf n]vgsf] tLj| xf]8 grNbfv]/L g} lgofqfsf/ kjgn] oL lgofqfx¿sf] 

n]vg ul/;s]sf lyP . o; lgofqf;ª\u|xleq afx|cf]6f lgofqfTds ;fdu|Lx¿ ;dfj]z 

ul/Psf 5g\ M sf7df8f} +b]lv n08g;Dd, a]8kmf]8{df s]xL xKtf, cd/zfd cGt/f{li6«o 

;fFem, k]l/;sf] ;Demgf, layf]lagsf] b]zdf, l:j6\h/Nof08 M csf] { Pp6f e":ju{, 

z]S;lko/sf] hGd:yndf 6]Stf, h]lgkm/nfO{ n]v]sf lr7Lx¿, a]nfotsf] 8fo/L, s]xL 

/dfOnf k|;Ëx¿, :s6\Nof08sf] ;]/f]km]/f], ;Demgnfos s]xL 36gfx¿ . oL ;a} 

lgofqfx¿sf] /rgf ;+:d/0fTds z}nLdf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . hxfF–hxfF klxnf]k6s 

k'U5g\ lgofqfsf/ cfZro{ rlst aGb} tL–tL :yfgx¿sf] v'n]/ aofg ug{ yfNb5g\ . 

ckm" k'u]sf 7fpFsf] j0f{g ubf{ st} klg 3'df}/f] efiffsf] k|of]u gu/L ;f]emf] cldwfo'Qm 

efiff z}nLsf] k|of]u u/L eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f 6\jfSs eGb5g\ lgofqfsf/ kjg . 

cg'e"ltnfO{ eGbf a9L b[Zodfg hut\nfO{ a9L eGbf a9L lrgfpg pgL nfuLkb{5g\ . 

;xh / ;/n lsl;daf6 dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿nfO{ ;hfpg lgofqfsf/ lgs} g} ;kmn 

b]lvG5g\ . jl/i7 cfVofgsf/ k/z' k|wfgsf zAbx¿ ;fk6L lnP/ eGg'kbf{— æh;/L 

d o; lgofqfdf kjg cfnf]sl;t au] +— To;/L g} sf]xL klg kf7s cfkm"n] ¥oflˆ6ª\u– 

ofqf u/]sf] cg'e"lt lng ;S5, cyf{t\ ;xh, ;/n efiff z}nL / tflg+b} hfg] 

36gfx¿ 5g\ . n08gdf a;]sf tTsfnLg g]kfnLx¿ / o'/f]ksf] sfnf] kIfx¿eGbf 

ToxfFsf pHofnf] / xflb{s kIfx¿, clj:d/0fLo 36gfsf ememNsf]x¿n] kjgnfO{ 

/fd|f] lgofqfsf/sf ¿kdf, zlQmzfnL n]vssf ¿kdf pEofpg ;dy{ ePsf] 5— 

o;df d :jod\ uf}/jflGjt 5' .Æ kjgsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljz]iftf pgL cfˆgf 

lgofqfx¿df uGygeGbf a9L dGyg ub{5g\ . ljb]zsf] df6f]df pleP/ :jb]zsf] 

df6fs} ;'jf; lnG5g\ . o'/f]lkog b]zx¿ Eff}ltstfn] hlt;'s} r'lnP tfklg k|fs[lts 

75 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

d0fLo b[Zox¿sf t'ngfdf tL g]kfneGbf lgs} g} k'8\sf ePsf] 7x/ lgsfNb5g\, 

lgofqfsf/ kjg . lgofqfx¿sf] n]vgsf qmddf :jb]zL ;+:s[lt / bf}/f;'¿jfnnfO{ 

a8f] ;Ddfgsf ;fy k|:t't ub{5g\ . 

cGTodf, g]kfnL lgofqf ;flxTo k/Dk/fdf kjg cfnf]ssf] pkl:yltn] Pp6f 

ultnf] 9f]sf p3fl/lbPsf] 5 . klZrdL ;EotfnfO{ lrgfpg]x¿sf] >[ª\vnfdf lgofqfsf/ 

kjgsf] gfd pNn]Vo ag]sf] 5 . oxfF ljifosf] afGsL dfq} /fd|f] 5}gÙ To;nfO{ k|:t't 

ug] { efiff klg Tolts} :jflbi6 5 . ;s];Dd sYo efiffnfO{ ;hfpg] k|of; u/]sf 

5g\ . ;'Gb/ sn]j/df cfPsf] o; lgofqf;ª\u|xleq lgofqfsf/n] cfkm" k'u]sf :yfgx¿sf] 

;'Gb/ kmf]6fx¿ ;hfpg klg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . 5kfO klg Toltg} cfsif{s ePsfn] 

kf7ssf] Wofg o; s[ltn] l56} tfGg ;Sg] s'/fdf s'g} b'O{ dt /fVg ;lsFb}g . ctM 

log} s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ lgofqfsf/ kjg cfnf]snfO{ olt /fd|f] s[lt k|sfzg 

u/]sf]df :g]xl;Qm efjn] wGojfb ;lxt awfO{ 1fkg ub{5' . 

♣♦♥♠ 

hd36x¿af6 

ofofj/ 

hubLz l#ld/]sf] lgaf;, rf]ef/ -068=2=15=_ 

g/fzM -;gt /]UdL / efpkGyLn] cfgfsfgL u/]sf] b]v]/_ efpkGyLhL sf] t gfd} 

efpkGyLÒ pxfFn] efp vf]Hg' l7s} xf] t/— ;gthLn] lsg efp vf]Hof lg < 

;gt /]UdL M efp vf]Hof xf]Og bfO, cf}ifwL vfPsf] eP/Ò . 

hubLz l3ld/] M of] t emg\ dxfcf}ifwL xf]— a]nfotL jfzM . 

;gt M To;f]eP clnsltÒ . 

efpkGyL M To;f]eP t dnfO{ klg clnsltÒ Ò . 

♥ 

8f=w| 'jrGb| uf}td M -Psaf]tn :sr ;lsPkl5_ x]g' {;\ gu]Gb|hL, tkfO{ +n] cleJolQmdf 

a9fO{ r9fO{ n]lvlbP/ d cln abgfd ePF . d t]lt w]/} t sxfF lkpF5' / < 

hubLz l3ld/] M ;do, ;fyL / :sr kfP Ps l;l6ª\df Ps af]tn dfq} t xf] lg Û w]/} 

t sxfF xf] / < x}g t 8fS6/ ;fx]a < 

;GWof kxf8L M s;}n] /S;LnfO{ lkpF5 . s;}nfO{ /S;Ln] lkpF5 . 8fS6/ ;fx]a /S;LnfO{ 

lkpg'x'G5 . hlt lkP klg pxfF krfpFg ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] l;4 e} ;s]sf] 5 . 

♣ 

8f=w| 'jrGb| uf}td M -;gt /]UdL / efpkGyLn] p7\g] ;'/;f/ u/]sf] b]v]/_ ;fyLx¿n] 

o;/L demwf/df 5f]l8lbP kl5 lkpgsf] dhf g} cfpFb}g . 

hubLz l3ld/] M tkfO{ +nfO{ dhf lbg] /S;Ln] xf] . Tof] 5Fb}5 . To;sf] cufl8 tkfO{ +nfO{ 

;gt / efpsf] s] efp < 

♦ 

cleJolQm sfof{no, kDa'dfu{, uf}/L#f^ - 068= 2= 21_ 

g/fz M 1fg'hL Û tkfO{ +sf] df]afOn alh/fÚ5 vNtLdf— x]g' {;\ g s;sf] xf] < 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M -df]afOn x]/]/ aGb ub} {_ s;sf] x'GYof]— lqk'/fsf] . laxfg} t/sf/L lsGg 

eg]/ lxF8ØfÒ of] /fdhL afa'n] ubf{ x':sLsf] r':sLdf cndlnof] . -k]ml/3G6L ah]kl5 

76 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

gDa/ x/]/ aa{/fpFb}_ lsg srsr u¥of xf]nfÒ d hf]uL eP/ hfg] xf]Og Sof/] Û 

/fk|p kf]v| ]n M tkfO{ + hf]uL eP/ hfg'xf]nf eGg] kL/n] xf]Og, s'g} sjloqLsf] kl5 kl5 

nfu]/ x/fpg' ePsf] xf] ls eGg] kL/n] lqk'/fhL 56kl6g' ePsf] xf] Û 

♠ 

/fk|p kf]v| ]n M cfxf] sqf] d[u Û x]g' [;\ t 1fg'hL, olt 7"nf] d[u d}n] slxNo} b]Vof lyOg . 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M -xfF:t}_ Tof] d[u xf]Og /fdhL afa'— Tof] t ;fF9] xf] ;fF9] Û 

/fk|p kf]v| ]n M x}g, gu]Gb|bfOsf] 3/af6 d[u b]lvGYof]— x}g / < 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M xf], t/ Tof] t u'Xo]Zj/Lsf] Zn]idfGts jgdf kf] b]lvG5 t . 

tkfO{ + clxn] pdfs'08lg/ x'g'x'G5— af6fdf . 

/fk|p kf]v| ]n M PM a'e]mF . gu]Gb|bfOn] cfh laxfg} laxfg} …w]/} s8fÚ :sr Vjfpg' eP5Ò . 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M pxfFn] …w]/} s8fÚ Vjfpg' ef xf]Og, tkfO{ +n] laxfg} …w]/} k]uÚ ahfpFg'ef xf] . 

/fk|p kf]v| ]n M Tof] t xf] Sof/]— cfFvf klg ltld{/fP5g\Ò . 

♥ 

j'mg} ;flxlTos sfo{qmd, /fi^«klt ejg, dxf/fhuGh -068=2=10_ 

;GWof sfsL{ M piff lbbL u]6d} /f]lsg' efÚ5 . 

sf]if/fh Gof}kfg] M s] eof] /] < 

;GWof M piff lbbL k:g g;s]/ aflx/} } /f]lsg'efÚ5 . 

k|sfz ;fodL M p;f]eP 7"nf] u]6af6 k:g" elGbg" . 7"nf]rflxF u]6af6 l5l/xfNg'x'G5 lg . 

♣ 

8f= b'uf{k|;fb e08f/L M -aLr aLrdf lk6lk6 lk6lk6 Pshgfn] dfq tfnL ahfPsf] 

;'g]kl5 d'G6f] a6f/]/ otfplt x]b} {_ d~h'n stf a:ofÚ5 < 

dl0f nf]xgL M cfpg' efÚ5 / < 

8f= b'uf{k|;fb e08f/L M o;/L rDsL rDsL PSn} tfnL lkl6/xg] c¿ sf] x'G5 t < 

dl0f nf]xgL M slxn]sfxL+ t o:tf] sfd k|sfz ;fodL klg ug' {x'G5 . 

8f= b'uf{k|;fb e08f/L M PM xf]tlgÒ . 

♦ 

afh]sf] ;]s'jf, aQL;k'tnL -068= 3= 21_ 

z/brGb| zfxf M -d]Go' x]b} {_ x]g' {;\ t gu]Gb|hL, d}n] rZdf la;] {5'Ò oxfF t Pp6f 

uHhasf] l8z /x]5— …dbg bfz >]i7 ÛÚ 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M -lhn kb} {_ cr]n snfsf/sf] gfpFaf6 klg vfg]s'/fsf] gfpF /fVg 

yfn]5g\ Sof/] Û 

kßf >]i7 …;GWofÚ M - d]Go' x]b} {_ sxfF …dbg bfz >]i7Ú x'g' < …d6g tf; ;]6Ú n]Vof 5 . 

z/brGb| zfxf M cf]xf] Û nfu]5 Sof/]Ò 

♠ 

/rgf sfof{no, uxgfkf]v/L, ^+ufn -068=3=5=1_ 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M d laxfg–laxfg /fdb]j u5' { . 

sdndl0f bLlIft M clg ;fFem–;fFem ‰jfdb]j ug' {x'G5— xf]Og < 

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n M Ò Ò Ò Ò . 

hubLz l3ld/] M pxfFsf] lbgrof{ o:tf] 5— laxfg /fdb]j, lbpF;f] dfdb]j, ;fFem ‰jfdb]j, /flt sfdb]j . 

♥♣♦♠ 

77 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

hubLz 

78 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

{ 

{ 

;DkfbsLo 

1ffg'jfs/ kf}8]n 

uf}zfnf 

cfk"m ;flxTosf] ljBfyL{ / cWoogzLn 5Fbf w]/} slj ;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ v'a} 

kl9GYof] / dg k/fOGYof] . kl5 ltgLx¿ dWo] sltl;t lgs6 klg eOof] . To:tf 

lgs6tf l;t ;DalGwt cg]s syf / ;Demgfx¿ dl;t 5g\ . ltgsf] n]vfhf]vf tyf 

pNn]v oyf ;do / :yfgdf k|;Ëjz x' Fb} hfnf . clxn]nfO{ rflxF cfˆgf s]xL 

cleJolQm o;} …cleJolQmÚ klqsfsf af/]df Û 

cfˆg} l5d]sL 6f]naf6 k|sflzt x'g] klqsf ePsfn] ljut rf/ bzseGbf a9L 

;dob]lv cfk"mn] dgk/fpFb} / lgoldt¿kdf k9\b} cfPsf] klqsf xf] …cleJolQmÚ . 

;f}efUojz, d]/f] klxnf] uhn klg …cleJolQmÚdf g} k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . j'mg} 

uf]i7Ldf ;'gfOPsf] pQm uhn ;Dkfbs gu]Gb|/fh zdf{s} cfu|xdf @)#% ;fn 

c;f/sf] …cleJolQmÚdf 5flkof] . tTkZrft\ ¿k/]vf, dw'ks{ / /rgf cflb klqsfx¿n] 

klg d]/f uhnx¿nfO{ :yfg lbg yfn] . t/ …cleJolQmÚl;t d efjgfTds¿kn] a9L 

ufFl;g yfn] F . pd]/n] w]/} h]7f] ePklg cToGt ldng;f/ :jefjsf sf/0f …cleJolQmÚsf 

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs gu]Gb|/fh zdf{l;t d]/f] lgs6tf / ldqtf k|uf9 x' Fb} uof] / 

xfn;Dd klg sfod} 5 . 

s]xL dlxgf c3fl8 -k"0ff{Í !$(df_ k|l;4 ;flxTok| ]dL pbf/dgf hLjf nfld5fg]sf] 

;bf;otf Pjd\ pTk| ]/0ffdf cleJolQmnfO{ bL3{hLjL agfpg sfnflu Pp6f cIfosf]if 

:yfkgf ul/Psf] / To;sf] ;+:Yffut ;~rfng sfnflu …cleJolQm kl/jf/Ú u7g ug] 

ljrf/ JoQm ul/Psf] dd{:kzL{ ;DkfbsLo k9]sf] lyPF . clxn], utfÍ -k"0ff{Í !%#_sf] 

;DkbsLodf ;ft ;b:oLo …cleJolQm kl/jf/Ú u7g ul/Psf] / …cleJolQm kl/jf/Údf 

dnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] ;'vb Joxf]/f k9\g kfPF . 

of] hfgsf/Ln] Psflt/ dnfO{ hLjgdf slxNo} gkfPsf] ;Gt'li6, xif{ / uf}/jsf] 

cg'e"lt ePsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ …cleJolQmÚh:tf] ;a{lk|o / u'0f:t/Lo klqsfn] wfGb} 

cfPsf] :t/Lotf / k7gLotfnfO{ g s]jn sfod /fVg], To;df cem j[l4 ug] 

bfloTjaf]w klg ePsf] 5 . /, o;nfO{ d}n] Pp6f r'gf}ltsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/]sf] 5' . 

r'gf}lt lsgeg] cr]n eg]h:tf, vf]h]h:tf / rfx]h:tf ;flxlTos ;fdu[x¿ ;lhn}l;t 

kfOFb}gg\ . ufx«f] 5 uxg / cy{k"0f{ n]v /rgf x:tut ug{ . 

plxn] plxn] n]vs slj yf]/} / kf7s w]/} x'Gy] . ePsf tL yf]/} n]vs sljx¿ 

klg cfk"m kf7s;dfh åf/f :jLsfo{ x'g] cfTdljZjf; hfu]kl5dfq sljuf]i7Lx¿df 

sljtf ;'gfpg] tyf kqklqsfdf cfˆgf /rgf k|sfzgfy{ k7fpFg] cfF6 uy] { . To:tf] 

kl/kf6L cj nueu ;dfKt g} eO;s]sf] 5 . cr]n t xtf/ xtf/df n]lvxfNg], 

n]v]kl5 To;sf] :t/Lotfaf/] j'mg} ljrf/} gu/L 5fKg k7fOxfNg] / 5flkPkl5 clanDa 

79 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

k'/:sf/÷;Ddfg klg vf]lhxfNg] cyf{t\ bf]zNnf cf]9\g nfnflot dfq xf]Og, x'?Ss} 

eOxfNg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ckjfbsf s]xL pbfx/0f 5f8]/ g]kfnL 

;flxTon] cfzftLt¿kdf k|f}9tf cyaf kl/kSjtf k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g— of] tLtf] 

;To xf] . 

d]/fnflu ;flxlTos klqsfsf] ;Dkfbg ug' { eg]sf] cToGt ;'?lrk"0f{ sfd t xf], 

t/ plQs} s7Lg klg xf] of] sfd eGg] dnfO{ yfx 5 . gu]Gb|/fh zdf{n] cleJolQmnfO{ 

aofnL; aif{;Dd cga/t¿kdf k|sflzt u/]sf] b]Vbf hlt ;lhnf] xf]nf h:tf] 

b]lvG5— Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g klqsf ;~rfng ug{ { . klqsf k|sflzt ePsf] t xfdL 

;a}n] b]v]sf 5f} +, xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfx 5 . t/ o;df pxfFsf] slt ;do, slt k};f, slt 

kl;gf / slt kl/>dsf] nufgL ePsf] 5— Tof] t pxfFnfO{ dfq} yfxf 5 . 

;flxlTos klqsfsf] ljsf;df g} ;du| g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;d[l4 lge{/ /xG5 . 

To;}sf/0f ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfsf] dxTjnfO{ w]/}n] :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . k|Zg s]jn 

…ldzgjfbLÚ efjgfnfO{ dxTj lbP/ ;flxlTos kqsfl/tf ug] { xfdLsxfF slthgf 

5g\ < eGg] dfq xf] . 

o:tf] r'gf}ltk"0f{ ;flxlTos kl/j]zdf ljutdf …/rgfÚsf ;Dkfbs /f]rs l3ld/]n] 

/rgfsf] …;DkfbsÚ agfP/ dnfO{ h;/L s[tfy{ t'Nofpg' ePsf] lyof]— To;}u/L rf/ 

bzseGbf nfdf] cjlw;Dd, o:tf] kfsf] pd]/;Dd klg lgQfGt PSn} cleJolQmsf] 

;Dkfbg÷k|sfzgdf ;j[motfsf ;fy h'6]/ ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfsf If]qdf ct'ngLo 

pbfx/0f k|:t't ug' {x'g] ] …cleJolQmÚsf ;~rfns gu]Gb|/fh zdf{n] ] klg dnfO{ …cleJolQm 

kl/jf/dfÚ ;dfj]z u/]/ p;}u/L j[mtfy{ t'Nofpg' ePsf] 5 . / of] pxfFn] …;fdfGo 

;flxlTos klqsfÚ eGg] u/]sf] …c;fdfGo ;flxlTos klqsf— …cleJolQmÚÚsf] lg/Gt/tf 

/ :yfloTjsf nflu h'g lhDd]jf/L lbg' ePsf] 5— To;nfO{ cfk"mn] ;s];Dd, cfˆgf] 

pd]/, lhp / :jf:Yon] EofP;Dd lgjf{x ug] { k|0f ub{5' . 

g]kfnL ;flxlTos kqsfl/tf hut\sf …eLid lktfdxÚ dflgPsf cu|h ;flxlTos 

kqsf/ gu]Gb|/fh zdf{n] :yflkt ug' {ePsf]— …s'g} klg /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/fsf 

;+sL0f{ 3]/faGbLdf gv'lDrO{, s'g} u'6 pku'6df gnfuL ;a} ljrf/wf/fsf ;|i6f tyf 

l;h{gfx¿sf] oyf]lrt ;Ddfg ug] {, cu|h k':tfsf ;|i6fx¿k|lt cToGt cfb/efj 

/fVg] / cg'h k':tfsf ;|i6fx¿k|lt :g]xl;Qm Jojxf/ ug] {, clg cf]nfª\r'ª uf]nfb]lv 

dx]Gb|gu/;Dd tyf l6+s/e~Hofª÷nfKr]e~Hofªb]lv rGb|u9L, emfkf;Dd— df]km;ndf 

cf]e]mn k/]/ /x]sf k|ltef÷gjk|ltefx¿nfO{ vf]hL vf]hL ;Ddfg / k|fyldstfsf;fy 

:yfg lbg]Ú— …cleJolQmÚsf] cfbz{ cleofgnfO{ oyfjt\ sfod /fVg] k|lta4tf 

klg JoQm ub{5' . 

♣♦♥♠ 

80 ˜ cleJolQm ÷ k")ff{° ˜ 154

k - Online Sahitya

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