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Stefan Leiderer et al. During the first phase, relevant organisations in Malawi and Germany had been contacted and the first expert interviews with staff of German development agencies were conducted (for a list of sources, including people interviewed, see Annex 2). A representative of the Malawian partner organisation, the National Local Government Finance Committee (NLGFC), accompanied this phase in parts. In phases 2 to 5, fieldwork was carried out in Malawi at central government level (Lilongwe) and local government level (two districts). Furthermore, the collected data was analysed and preliminary findings presented and discussed with stakeholders in Malawi. The methods used for data collection as well as analysis are introduced below. Phase 6 comprises further detailed analysis of data for individual chapters as well as the drafting, presentation and discussion of the results. Methods of data collection — The methods used for conducting this case study are mainly qualitative in nature. The most important methods of data collection were the following: — semi-structured interviews (expert interviews, ethnographic interviews) — literature and official document review — non-participant observations (e.g. assembly meetings) — informal conversations The most important source of data were semi-structured interviews with varying degrees of openness. The interviews range from more open ethnographic to expert interviews. As the actors interviewed all come from very different context there were no standard interview guidelines. Based on the results from the preliminary report and the analytical focus of the study, teams of two to three people developed individual interview guidelines for every person in the days before the interview. These guidelines covered the responsibility each person had in the relevant fields of PFM, decentralisation and PRSP. There was also space for more open comments and assessments of interviewees. In the course of the research process, the guidelines increasingly included open questions or new issues that have come up in other interviews. In total 141 interviews have been conducted (see annex 2). In most cases, the interviews were conducted in teams of two people. While one per- 162 German Development Institute
Public Financial Management for PRSP Implementation in Malawi son conducted the interview, the other person took extensive notes. Based on these notes an electronic transcript has been produced as soon after the interview as possible. For minimising mistakes the person who conducted the interview cross-checked the transcript and if necessary, added information. Official documents as well as academic, policy and ‘grey’ literature are used as the second source of data. These documents were reviewed and analysed. Non-participatory observations and informal conversations complement the data gained through interviews and documents. Although these methods have only been used to a limited extent, they provided valuable information that could not have been gained otherwise. Observation reports and conversation transcripts were produced on every event. Interview partners as well as the documents come from various contexts, among them politicians and administrative personnel at various government levels, staff of multi- and bilateral donor agencies, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), the media, traditional authorities and ordinary citizens (see Annex 2 for a list of people interviewed). Research was conducted in close coordination with the Malawian counterpart organisation, the National Local Government Finance Committee (NLGFC) as well as GTZ experts based in Germany and Malawi. Both, NLGFC and GTZ have been very supportive by introducing the research team to various actors as well as arranging contacts and appointments. Methods of qualitative data analysis The data was analysed qualitatively using theoretical coding and triangulation techniques (see Box A1). For coding and organising the large amounts of data collected, the research team used the software Atlas/ti ® for qualitative data analysis, which is based on the coding principles of grounded theory. Atlas/ti ® allows attaching analytical codes that have been developed according to the phenomena that occur in the text to these text segments. The process of coding is already the first step of the analysis. The research team started by coding transcripts together, then split into groups of two or three and later also coded transcripts individually. German Development Institute 163
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Preface The present study on ‘Pub
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4 The Case of Malawi 44 4.1 Why Mal
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Bibliography 151 Annexes 157 Tables
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Boxes and Tables in the Annexes Box
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DS EHP ESAF EU GBS GDP GoM GRF GTZ
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TOR UDF UNCDF UNDP UNV USAID VAP VD
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