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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOSPHATE SPECIATION IN SOILS AND BIOSOLIDS/MANURE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: A P K-EDGE XANES SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY Derek Peak,Gurpal Toor, and James T Sims 1 Dept. of Soil Science, 51 Campus Dr, Univ. of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8 2 Dept Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. Delaware. 149 Townsend Hall Newark DE 19717 The long-term application of animal manures and biosolids has resulted in serious environmental issues in many locations throughout the world. For example, the state of Delaware has a large amount of farmland characterized as having “excessive P levels” due to heavy application of poultry waste for the last three decades. These soils serve as a significant source for phosphate movement into waters, including the Chesapeake Bay. Elevated phosphate levels in natural waters are a serious concern because it is typically the limiting nutrient for algae and other photosynthetic organisms. Increased phosphate can therefore result in algal blooms and ultimately fish kills and eutrophication. The tendency of phosphorus to move from a soil to surface waters is highly dependent upon its chemical form. In soils, phosphate has a tendency to form insoluble metal phosphate solids and to form strong sorption complexes with iron and aluminum oxides. These reactions result in phosphate typically being held very strongly by soils. In biosolids and manures, however, high levels of soluble phosphate and readily degradable organic phosphates are found along with more stable organic phosphates and calcium phosphate minerals. To attempt to reduce the environmental risk of manure applications, scientists have proposed that (a) the manures be chemically amended prior to application to reduce P availability or (b) the diet of the animals be modified to reduce P in manures. The presented research will perform direct chemical samples from a variety of animal types, diets, and chemical amendments using P K- Edge XANES spectroscopy coupled with linear combination fitting. This allows us to directly assess the success of different strategies to reduce manage phosphorus. We found that changes in animal diet do indeed play a large role in the resulting phosphate speciation. Adding supplemental P often served to increase the fraction of calcium phosphate minerals present. Take for example the samples in Figure 1. The DM01 sample on the left is a dairy manure sample from an animal with 29%P in its diet. The sample on the right is a dairy manure sample from an animal fed 58% P. There is a marked increase in calcium phosphate precipitation in the higher P diets, which can affect the solubility of P compared to organic and aqueous forms. XANES has similarly been useful in determining the chemistry of phosphate in manures amended with aluminum coagulants. This research was supported by an NSERC Discovery grant and the Saskatchewan Synchrotron Institute.
Figure 1. Comparison of phosphate speciation in dairy manures from cattle with different diets. Sample DM01 is from an animal with a low P diet while DM41 is from an animal with a diet high in P.
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Welcome to the 36 th SRC Users’ M
Page 4 and 5:
12:20 - 1:10 Lunch 1:10 -1:45 Poste
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Administration Executive Director D
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STATUS OF THE SRC BEAMLINES AND INS
Page 10 and 11: ACCELERATOR DEVELOPMENTS Ken Jacobs
Page 12 and 13: HIGH ENERGY RESEARCH POSSIBILITIES
Page 14 and 15: ATOMICALLY UNIFORM THIN FILMS ON SI
Page 16 and 17: calculated binding energies of the
Page 18 and 19: MANY-ELECTRON EFFECTS ON THE XE 5S
Page 20 and 21: PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETRY OF ATOMI
Page 22 and 23: PHOTOEMISSION STUDY OF USb AND UTe
Page 24 and 25: CANADIAN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACI
Page 26 and 27: SELF-ASSEMBLY OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS O
Page 28 and 29: A B S T R A C T S
Page 30 and 31: Photoemission spectra, a.u. -0.3 -0
Page 32 and 33: THE INITIAL AND FINAL STATE BANDS I
Page 34 and 35: TRANSITION LAYERS AT BURIED FERROMA
Page 36 and 37: LOW-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONS AT SILICO
Page 38 and 39: SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF MOTEXAF
Page 40 and 41: LINEAR POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS OF
Page 42 and 43: Fig.1: Photoemission spectra of opt
Page 44 and 45: The sample manipulator has a cool d
Page 46 and 47: Cr and Fe but for these U systems t
Page 48 and 49: [4] G. -H. Gweon, J. W. Allen, and
Page 50 and 51: References [1] S. Cho, Y. Kim, A. D
Page 52 and 53: [3] D. L. Mills, Physical Review B
Page 54 and 55: CHARACTERIZATION OF SULPHATE INTERA
Page 56 and 57: in the data acquisition chamber. Th
Page 58 and 59: spatially resolved chemistry of the
Page 62 and 63: PHOTOEMISSION STUDIES OF QUANTUM WE
Page 64 and 65: Ag surface state such that it moves
Page 66 and 67: HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDY OF THE LITHIU
Page 68 and 69: RELATIVE PARTIAL CROSS SECTIONS AND
Page 70 and 71: Christian Ast Max-Planck Institute
Page 72 and 73: David L. Huber Physical Sciences La
Page 74 and 75: Tom Miller University of Illinois a
Page 76 and 77: Eric Wiedemann University of Wiscon
Page 78 and 79: Pete Hagen Phone: (608) 877-2154 Em
Page 80: NOTES
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