Sr. Flordeliza Deza, SPC - St. Paul University Manila

“Kf” : knowledge and skills at some future time,
results from the contributions of
“Kp”: knowledge and skills prior to the language
learning;
“A” : the various components of ability
consisting of the physiological, biological,
intellectual, and cognitive skills;
“M” : affective factors which includes personality,
attitudes, motivation, and anxiety);
“O” : opportunity for learning the language (of
formal and non-formal situations exposing
the learner to the second language).