where the salmon run - Washington Secretary of State

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spirit of the father 13 Willie Frank Sr. rocks granddaughter Merita Miguel, fifteen months, in this image for Life magazine taken by world renowned photographer Harry Benson. “[He] reached back almost to treaty times and brought forth so much in the character, and the history, and the mentality of the Salish Indian people,” says family friend Hank Adams. Harry Benson and erecting villages in the shadow of Tahoma (Tacobet), the massive volcano non-Indians call Mount Rainier. You could find them rejoicing in the salmon, the mystifying fish that braved a precarious path to sea and faithfully returned. when the first salmon came home to spawn, drum beats echoed across the riverbank. The Nisqually praised the spirits. Children arrayed with red ocher and bird down gathered at the water’s edge.
14 spirit of the father Outstretched arms passed the first salmon up the riverbank to a crackling fire pit. Practiced hands painstakingly separated flesh from the spinal column. The meat, secured to skewers, cooked high above a steadily burning fire. A mix of cedar and smoke wafted through the air. The intricacies of the ceremony are recalled in Uncommon Controversy: Fishing Rights of the Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Nisqually Indians: “It is then parceled out to all, in small morsels or portions so all can participate. Doing this, all bones are saved intact. Then in a torchbearing, dancing, chanting, and singing procession, they proceeded to the river where they cast the skeleton of the salmon into the stream with its head pointing upstream, symbolic of a spawning salmon, so the run of salmon will return a thousand-fold.” The salmon blanketed the river upon their return from the sea. There were so many fish, the Nisqually could cross the river on their backs. But a quarter century before Gramps was born, thunderous storm clouds gathered. The bright light of the Nisqually way of life dimmed. Gramps felt that he was there watching through the thick trees. That’s how often his father told him the story. Gray skies settled overhead and held the region in its predictably drizzly state. Isaac Stevens—fiery, smart, and full of zeal— prepared for an unprecedented land deal. At thirty-five, Stevens had survived a harrowing past. Born the third child of seven, he was so fragile as an infant that his parents feared he might not survive. Mild pituitary dwarfism accounted for his large head and his shorter legs. Stevens stood roughly five feet tall. His keen intelligence complemented his commanding presence. Stevens had graduated first in his class at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. President Franklin Pierce rewarded Stevens for his political support by appointing him Washington territorial governor and superintendent of Indian Affairs. The Massachusetts-born Stevens had never before set foot in Washington, nor had he acquired much knowledge of Northwest Indian tribes. But he never lacked for ambition.
Page 1 and 2: Courtesy Northwest Indian Fisheries
Page 4 and 5: Where the Salmon Run The Life and L
Page 6: For Sugar, Tanu, and Willie “I’
Page 9 and 10: viii contents 14. The Negotiator 20
Page 12: Where the Salmon Run The Life and L
Page 15 and 16: 4 prologue Early logging robbed the
Page 17 and 18: 6 introduction promise as long as t
Page 19 and 20: 8 introduction friend said, ‘But
Page 21 and 22: Willie Frank Sr. Mary Randlett
Page 23: 12 spirit of the father chair—fla
Page 27 and 28: 16 spirit of the father including t
Page 29 and 30: 18 spirit of the father businessman
Page 31 and 32: 20 spirit of the father Nisqually T
Page 33 and 34: 22 spirit of the father The free ed
Page 35 and 36: 24 spirit of the father my pants. S
Page 37 and 38: 26 spirit of the father Hank Adams
Page 39 and 40: 28 spirit of the father of the Nisq
Page 41 and 42: 30 spirit of the father good now,
Page 43 and 44: 32 “i live here!” Billy Frank J
Page 45 and 46: 34 “i live here!” Hank Adams pe
Page 47 and 48: 36 “i live here!” Billy Frank J
Page 49 and 50: 38 “i live here!” endured a str
Page 51 and 52: 40 “i live here!” Willie catapu
Page 53 and 54: 42 “i live here!” boarding-scho
Page 55 and 56: 44 “i live here!” kerosene lamp
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 3 The Survivor Dubbed the f
Page 59 and 60: 48 the survivor Georgiana Kautz per
Page 61 and 62: 50 the survivor joined the Internat
Page 63 and 64: 52 the survivor home from the hospi
Page 65 and 66: 54 the survivor the pain.” Billy
Page 67 and 68: 56 the survivor She put her other b
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 4 Surveillance Years after
Page 71 and 72: 60 surveillance to get our salmon b
Page 73 and 74: 62 surveillance attempted to form t
Page 75 and 76:
64 surveillance Washington State Ar
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66 surveillance the only women or c
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68 renegades Hank Adams personal co
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70 renegades the kitchen table and
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72 renegades dates, court cases, an
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74 renegades for treaty rights shak
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76 renegades When we got stronger,
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78 renegades I just looked at him a
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80 renegades you know, bank robbers
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Chapter 6 Canoes and Clashes It is
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84 canoes and clashes Willie Frank
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86 canoes and clashes Northwest Ind
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88 canoes and clashes and chaos eru
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90 canoes and clashes Wolf accused
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92 canoes and clashes blackjack con
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94 as long as the rivers run Washin
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96 as long as the rivers run at tha
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98 as long as the rivers run Hank A
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100 as long as the rivers run as a
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102 as long as the rivers run restr
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104 as long as the rivers run presi
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106 as long as the rivers run Carol
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108 as long as the rivers run on hi
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Chapter 8 Takeovers Like the regal
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112 takeovers Seattle Municipal Arc
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114 takeovers a journalist in bewil
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116 takeovers time at the camp. Bil
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118 takeovers A bridge was charred
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120 takeovers Calling the bia the N
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122 takeovers retired judge from Wa
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124 takeovers fishermen family and
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126 takeovers Lut Indian School fou
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Chapter 9 The Shelf Life of Treatie
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130 the shelf life of treaties Wash
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132 the shelf life of treaties Depa
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134 the shelf life of treaties “G
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136 the shelf life of treaties self
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138 the shelf life of treaties Nisq
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140 the shelf life of treaties esta
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Chapter 10 Storm The backlash to th
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144 storm because of the enormous a
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146 storm fishing away from reserva
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148 storm Decision created within g
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150 storm In the summer of 1976, Ji
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152 storm The engine of the Alaskan
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154 storm In 1976, as the nation ce
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156 storm The year 1977 was punctua
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158 storm Georgiana Kautz personal
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160 storm softball in tournaments i
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162 storm If a silver lining follow
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164 the politics of salmon Washingt
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166 the politics of salmon stood at
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168 the politics of salmon Accordin
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170 the politics of salmon 1976, il
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172 the politics of salmon keeping
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174 the politics of salmon Post dec
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176 bridge builder Dick Baldwin, Wa
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178 bridge builder attended a myria
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180 bridge builder to see Indians i
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182 bridge builder appeal process t
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184 bridge builder Things started t
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186 bridge builder Although most pe
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188 bridge builder groups acknowled
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Chapter 13 Resilience Billy is some
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192 resilience Billy Frank Jr. pers
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194 resilience On June 17, 1983, Wi
Page 207 and 208:
196 resilience to rest here. He nev
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198 resilience says. “One friend,
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 14 The Negotiator The 1980s
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202 the negotiator migrated up the
Page 215 and 216:
204 the negotiator pretty fast once
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206 the negotiator Fish and Wildlif
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208 the negotiator In August 1989,
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210 clear creek hatchery Joe Kenned
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212 clear creek hatchery Puget Soun
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214 clear creek hatchery hatchery i
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216 clear creek hatchery In Salmon
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218 submerged Hank Adams personal c
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220 submerged Hank Adams personal c
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222 submerged Keefe says. “Now, t
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Chapter 17 The Tough Guy Along with
Page 237 and 238:
226 the tough guy the former govern
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228 the tough guy convinced that ou
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230 the tough guy Second, and perha
Page 243 and 244:
Chapter 18 “You were always there
Page 245 and 246:
234 “you were always there for me
Page 247 and 248:
236 “you were always there for me
Page 249 and 250:
238 the catalyst Hank Adams persona
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240 the catalyst Hank Adams persona
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242 the catalyst conferences, he ur
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244 the catalyst Billy Frank Jr. wo
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246 the catalyst Billy sat at the U
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Chapter 20 Operation Chainsmoker Fr
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250 operation chainsmoker Indian la
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252 operation chainsmoker Frank’s
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254 operation chainsmoker “Unders
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256 hard truths The invisible kille
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258 hard truths kills typically sym
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260 hard truths their negotiations
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262 hard truths The only people tha
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264 hard truths number of pups has
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266 hard truths behind dam walls. S
Page 279 and 280:
268 dreams and legacies Hank Adams
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270 dreams and legacies Hank Adams
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272 dreams and legacies Northwest I
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274 dreams and legacies Frank. They
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276 dreams and legacies his childre
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278 dreams and legacies law, have b
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280 dreams and legacies John Elliot
Page 293 and 294:
282 dreams and legacies Billy Frank
Page 295 and 296:
284 acknowledgments with all else,
Page 297 and 298:
286 billy frank jr. family tree Cry
Page 299 and 300:
288 billy frank jr. family tree Joh
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290 billy frank jr. family tree Klu
Page 303 and 304:
Source Notes Unless otherwise noted
Page 305 and 306:
294 source notes background on Indi
Page 307 and 308:
296 source notes May Be Next If Ind
Page 309 and 310:
298 source notes Times, “Indian A
Page 311 and 312:
300 source notes Wildlife internal
Page 313 and 314:
302 source notes the harm,” “At
Page 315 and 316:
304 source notes Record, 15 Mar 15,
Page 317 and 318:
306 source notes 12th year on Endan
Page 319 and 320:
308 select bibliography Cynthia Iya
Page 321 and 322:
310 select bibliography Wilkinson,
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Index A Aberdeen Daily World 201 Ad
Page 325 and 326:
314 index Crowe, John O. 121 Crysta
Page 327 and 328:
316 index Indian Self-Determination
Page 329 and 330:
318 index Nisqually Hill 87 Nisqual
Page 331 and 332:
320 index Spokesman Review 182 Spor
Page 333:
322 index Y Yakama Nation 94, 112,
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