Untitled - Solvay Institutes
Untitled - Solvay Institutes
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R E P O R T
R E P O R T<br />
2 0 0 6
“Der <strong>Solvay</strong> Kongress wird stets eine der schönsten<br />
Errinnerungen meines Lebens bleiben.....“<br />
Einstein (November 22, 1911),<br />
Nobel Prize in Physics<br />
“To everybody who took part in the meeting (6th <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Conference in Physics) it was a most instructive and pleasant<br />
experience, and the discussions will surely be of great<br />
help for the future of everyone of us”.<br />
N. Bohr (November 1, 1930),<br />
Nobel Prize in Physics<br />
“For me it is a great pleasure and a great honor to chair this<br />
23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference in Physics. For all of us who have<br />
grown up in the 20th century, these conferences have<br />
played such an important role in our collective memory of<br />
physics that we hope that the revived and re-invigorated<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> will continue this tradition of <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Conferences in the same spirit. Perhaps they will play a role<br />
as important in the 21st century.”<br />
D. Gross (December 1, 2005),<br />
Nobel Prize in Physics
The International <strong>Institutes</strong> for Physics and Chemistry, founded by Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>, acknowledge<br />
with gratitude the generous support of :<br />
• the <strong>Solvay</strong> family,<br />
• <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A.- N.V.,<br />
• the Université Libre de Bruxelles,<br />
• the Vrije Universiteit Brussel,<br />
• the Belgian National Lottery,<br />
• the Communauté Française de Belgique,<br />
• the Foundation David and Alice Van Buuren,<br />
• the Hôtel Métropole.
C O N T E N T S<br />
A word from the Director 10<br />
General Information 13<br />
Board of Directors 15<br />
Scientific Committee for Physics 16<br />
Scientific Committee for Chemistry 17<br />
Local Scientific Committee 18<br />
Honorary Members 19<br />
In Memoriam 21<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics 23<br />
95th Anniversary of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> 29<br />
Workshops, Symposia and Schools organized by the <strong>Institutes</strong> 45<br />
International Conference “Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics” 47<br />
Modave Summer School in Mathematical Physics 63<br />
Workshop “Bethe Ansatz” 69<br />
Colloquia 81<br />
Professor Klaus von Klitzing (Max-Planck-Institut, Germany) “From Micro- to<br />
Nanoelectronics: a Quantum Leap” 82<br />
Professor C.N. Yang (Chinese University, Hong Kong & Tsinghua University, China) “Thematic<br />
Melodies of Twentieth Century Physics: Quantization, Symmetry and Phase Factor” 83<br />
Professor Clifford M. Will (Washington University, USA) “The Confrontation between General<br />
Relativity and Experiment” 85<br />
Workshops, Conferences and Schools sponsored by the <strong>Institutes</strong> 87<br />
International Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reactivity 89<br />
Doctoral School “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity” 107<br />
Seminars and Visitors: 113<br />
Seminars 114<br />
Visitors 120<br />
Research carried out in the groups of the Director and of the Deputy Director 135<br />
Members 136<br />
Research Summary 138<br />
Research interests of some graduate students 145<br />
List of publications 159<br />
Invited Talks at conferences, seminars and schools 169<br />
Miscellaneous 179<br />
Publications of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> 180<br />
The Francqui Prize to Pierre Gaspard 182<br />
Remodelling of the <strong>Solvay</strong> Room 184<br />
Appendix : Outreach 187<br />
Radio and Television interviews 188<br />
Newspapers 189<br />
-9-
A w o r d f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r<br />
This report reviews the scientific activities pursued<br />
at the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> in the<br />
year 2006. It also describes the research of the<br />
groups of the Director and the Deputy Director<br />
during that same period.<br />
The year 2006 has been the year of the 95th<br />
Anniversary of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
since the first “Conseil de Physique <strong>Solvay</strong>”, which<br />
can be viewed as the birth of the <strong>Institutes</strong>, took<br />
place in 1911. To celebrate this anniversary, the<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics has been<br />
launched. This chair is given each year to an eminent<br />
physicist who is invited to Brussels for one or<br />
two months. During her/his visit, the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Professor gives a series of lectures on her/his<br />
recent research. In order to attract the best scientists in the<br />
world, whose presence in Brussels is of benefit to the<br />
research groups not only of the ULB and the VUB, but also<br />
of other Belgian universities as well as of research institutions<br />
in neighbouring countries, the <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair offers<br />
generous conditions comparable to those of the most prestigious<br />
international chairs of the same kind.<br />
The 2006 <strong>Solvay</strong> Physics Professor was Professor Ludwig<br />
Faddeev, renowned internationally for his pioneering<br />
contributions to mathematical physics. His research school<br />
has dominated the field in the last 40 years. His lectures,<br />
covering soliton theory, were followed by researchers and<br />
graduate students coming from Belgium, France, The<br />
Netherlands and Switzerland. Professors Michael Berry<br />
(2007) and David Gross (2008) have accepted to be the next<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> Professors. We could not have dreamed of higher<br />
standards! The success of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in<br />
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A w o r d f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r<br />
Physics will lead in the near future to the launch of a similar<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Chemistry.<br />
To mark our 95th Anniversary, a reception was organized at<br />
the “Maison Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>” during which the 2006 <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Chair in Physics was officially launched and Professors<br />
Ludwig Faddeev and C.N. Yang (1957 Physics Nobel Laureate)<br />
were made Honorary Members of the <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> have also organized or sponsored<br />
workshops and conferences on themes ranging from chemical<br />
reactivity to non-equilibrium physics and integrable<br />
models. Hundreds of scientists took part in these activities.<br />
Our colloquium series is taking off as well and fills a clear<br />
need of the physics and chemistry departments of both ULB<br />
and VUB. Each colloquium, during which a world leader in<br />
a definite area came to speak in general terms about the<br />
recent developments in his research field, was an undeniable<br />
success.<br />
Higher education is undergoing important changes in<br />
Europe with the Bologna agreements. In view of the increased<br />
mobility, providing an internationally attractive training<br />
to PhD students – tomorrow’s researchers – is a challenge<br />
that must be met if one wants to remain on the international<br />
higher education map. The <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> have<br />
actively supported two doctoral schools, one of which,<br />
“Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity” combines in<br />
an original way forces from the University of Amsterdam,<br />
the Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris), the ULB and the VUB.<br />
This pilot experience, in which PhD students from these<br />
institutions have followed graduate courses in Amsterdam,<br />
Brussels and Paris, was quite successful and will be continued<br />
and expanded in the years to come.<br />
-11-
A w o r d f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r<br />
Another important event for the future of the <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
that took place in 2006 is that Professor David Gross, 2004<br />
Physics Nobel Laureate, has accepted to chair the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Scientific Committee for Physics. We are most grateful to<br />
him.<br />
While new scientific initiatives have been launched, the<br />
finances have continued to improve. The straight loan has<br />
been further reduced and this effort will be pursued in the<br />
years to come. I would like to thank our treasurer,<br />
Mr Bingen who, as in the past, has helped us to follow strict<br />
management rules.<br />
Finally, I would like to thank our sponsors, and in particular,<br />
the <strong>Solvay</strong> family, for their generous support which made<br />
the activities described in the report possible. I would also<br />
like to thank the entire staff working at the <strong>Institutes</strong> for<br />
their faithful dedication.<br />
-12-
G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
President of the Board of Directors: Mr <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Vice-President of the Board of Directors: Mr Franz Bingen (VUB)<br />
Director:<br />
Mr Marc Henneaux (ULB)<br />
Deputy Director:<br />
Mr Franklin Lambert (VUB)<br />
Administrative Assistants:<br />
Ms Dominique Bogaerts<br />
Ms Fabienne De Neyn<br />
Ms Stéphanie Deprins<br />
Ms Isabelle Juif<br />
Accountant:<br />
Ms Chantal Verrier<br />
Postal Address: IIPC-<strong>Solvay</strong>, Campus Plaine ULB/CP 231, B-1050 Brussels (Belgium)<br />
Tel: + 32 2 650 54 23 / 55 42 • Fax: + 32 2 650 50 28<br />
Emails: dobogaer@ulb.ac.be, Isabelle.Juif@ulb.ac.be<br />
Website: http://www.solvayinstitutes.be<br />
-14-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
Board of Directors<br />
Members:<br />
Mr <strong>Solvay</strong>,<br />
Professor Franz Bingen,<br />
Baron Daniel Janssen,<br />
Professor Franklin Lambert,<br />
Professor René Lefever,<br />
Professor Grégoire Nicolis,<br />
Mr Jean-Marie <strong>Solvay</strong>,<br />
Prof. Jean-Louis Vanherweghem,<br />
Professor Irina Veretennicoff,<br />
President;<br />
Vice-President and Emeritus-Professor VUB;<br />
Honorary Chairman of the Board of<br />
Directors of <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A.;<br />
Deputy Director of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> and<br />
Professor VUB;<br />
Professor ULB;<br />
Professor ULB;<br />
Member of the Board of Directors of <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A.;<br />
President of the Administrative Board of ULB;<br />
Professor VUB.<br />
Honorary Members:<br />
Baron Jaumotte,<br />
Mr Jean-Marie Piret,<br />
Honorary Rector, Honorary President ULB<br />
and Honorary Director of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>;<br />
Attorney General of the Supreme Court of Appeal<br />
and Honorary Principal Private Secretary to the King.<br />
Guests:<br />
Professor Albert Goldbeter,<br />
Mr Pascal De Wit,<br />
Professor Niceas Schamp,<br />
Professor Alexandre Sevrin,<br />
Professor Marc Henneaux,<br />
Professor ULB and Scientific Secretary of the<br />
Committee for Chemistry;<br />
Adviser <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A.;<br />
Secretary of The Royal Flemish Academy<br />
for Sciences and Arts;<br />
Professor VUB and Scientific Secretary of the<br />
Committee for Physics;<br />
Director of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
-15-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Scientific Committee for Physics<br />
Chair:<br />
Members (second term):<br />
(2004-2009)<br />
Professor Fortunato Tito ARECCHI,<br />
Università di Firenze and INOA, Italy;<br />
Professor Claude COHEN-TANNOUDJI,<br />
Nobel Prize 1997, Ecole Normale<br />
Supérieure, Paris, France;<br />
Professor Ludwig FADDEEV, V.A Steklov<br />
Mathematical Institute,<br />
Saint Petersburg, Russia;<br />
Professor Gerard ’t HOOFT,<br />
Nobel Prize 1999, Spinoza Instituut,<br />
Utrecht, The Netherlands.<br />
Members (first term):<br />
(2004-2009)<br />
Professor Jocelyn BELL BURNELL,<br />
University of Bath, UK;<br />
Professor David GROSS, Nobel Prize<br />
2004,Kavli Institute,Santa Barbara,U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Klaus VON KLITZING, Nobel<br />
Prize 1985, Max-Planck-Institut,<br />
Stuttgart, Germany;<br />
Professor Pierre RAMOND, University<br />
of Florida, Gainesville, U.S.A.;<br />
Scientific Secretary:<br />
Professor Alexandre SEVRIN, Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.<br />
Professor Herbert WALTHER (†), Max-<br />
Planck-Institut, Munich, Germany.<br />
-16-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
Scientific Committee for Chemistry<br />
Chair:<br />
.<br />
Members (second term):<br />
(2005-2010)<br />
Professor Stuart RICE, University of<br />
Chicago, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Manfred EIGEN, Nobel Prize<br />
1967, Max-Planck Institut, Göttingen,<br />
Germany;<br />
Professor Jean-Marie LEHN, Nobel<br />
Prize 1987, Collège de France,<br />
Paris, France;<br />
Professor Mario J. MOLINA,<br />
Nobel Prize 1995, Massachussets<br />
Institute of Technology, Cambridge,<br />
U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Guy OURISSON (†), Centre de<br />
Neurochimie, Strasbourg, France.<br />
Members (first term):<br />
(2005-2010)<br />
Professor Graham FLEMING, University<br />
of Berkeley, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Harold W. KROTO, Nobel<br />
Prize 1996, University of Sussex,<br />
Brighton, United Kingdom;<br />
Professor Henk N.W. LEKKERKERKER,<br />
Utrecht Universiteit, The Netherlands;<br />
Professor K.C. NICOLAOU, University of<br />
California, San Diego, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Kurt WÜTHRICH,<br />
Nobel Prize 2002,<br />
Institut Fédéral Suisse de Technologie,<br />
Zurich, Switzerland.<br />
Scientific Secretary:<br />
Professor Albert GOLDBETER,<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.<br />
-17-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Local Scientific Committee<br />
Chair:<br />
Professor Marc HENNEAUX (ULB).<br />
Members:<br />
Professor Pierre GASPARD (ULB);<br />
Professor Paul GEERLINGS (VUB);<br />
Professor Albert GOLDBETER (ULB);<br />
Professor Franklin LAMBERT (VUB);<br />
Professor René LEFEVER (ULB);<br />
Professor Alexandre SEVRIN (VUB).<br />
-18-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
Honorary Members<br />
Professor Anatole ABRAGAM, Collège<br />
de France, Paris, France;<br />
Professor Robert BROUT, Université<br />
Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium;<br />
Professor François ENGLERT, Université<br />
Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium;<br />
Professor Ludwig FADDEEV, V.A. Steklov<br />
Mathematical Institute,<br />
St Petersburg, Russia;<br />
Professor Ephraïm KATCHALSKY,<br />
Weizmann Institute, Israel;<br />
Professor I.M. KHALATNIKOFF, Landau<br />
Institute of Theoretical Physics,<br />
Moscow, Russia;<br />
Professor William LIPSCOMB, Nobel<br />
Prize 1976, Harvard University, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor V. MASLOV, Moscow State<br />
University, Russia;<br />
Professor Morikazu TODA, Tokyo<br />
University of Education, Japan;<br />
Professor Yuval NE’EMAN(† ), Tel-Aviv<br />
University, Israel;<br />
-19-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Honorary Members<br />
Professor Victor A. SADOVNICHY,<br />
Rector of Moscow State<br />
University, Russia;<br />
Professor Roald SAGDEEV, University of<br />
Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor E.C.G. SUDARSHAN,<br />
University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Chen Ning YANG,<br />
Nobel Prize 1957, Chinese University<br />
Hong Kong & Tsingha University,<br />
Beijing, China.<br />
-20-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
In Memoriam<br />
In 2006, the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> have lost the following<br />
collaborators and friends :<br />
Radu BALESCU,<br />
Professor Emeritus, Université Libre de<br />
Bruxelles, Belgium;<br />
Chair of the “Commission Archives”<br />
of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>;<br />
Yuval NE’EMAN,<br />
Professor Emeritus, Tel-Aviv University,<br />
Israel;<br />
Honorary Member of the International<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
Guy OURISSON,<br />
Professor Emeritus, at the “Centre de<br />
Neurochimie”, Strasbourg, France;<br />
Member of the <strong>Solvay</strong> Scientific<br />
Committee for Chemistry.<br />
Claude TRUFFIN,<br />
Scientific adviser to the President of<br />
the Université Libre de Bruxelles,<br />
Belgium;<br />
Member of the International <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
Herbert WALTHER,<br />
We shall deeply miss them.<br />
Professor Emeritus, Max-Planck-<br />
Institut, Munich, Germany;<br />
Chair of the <strong>Solvay</strong> Scientific<br />
Committee for Physics.<br />
-21-
2 0 0 6 I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o l v a y C h a i r i n P h y s i c s
2 0 0 6 I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o l v a y C h a i r i n P h y s i c s<br />
2006 - Professor Ludwig Faddeev<br />
15 October-14 November<br />
The International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics was officially<br />
launched on 18 October 2006. The <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> were<br />
greatly honoured and pleased that Professor Ludwig<br />
Faddeev accepted to be the first <strong>Solvay</strong> Professor.<br />
“Launching” is not quite exact in fact, since the <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair<br />
existed for four years in the seventies. It was given in 1970<br />
to the physicist Wentzel and in 1971 to the mathematician<br />
Marc Kac. It was then given in 1972 to the chemist Mislow<br />
and in 1974 to the neurophysiologist Freeman. However, the<br />
dramatic financial difficulties suffered by the Belgian academic<br />
institutions in the years following the mid-seventies<br />
put an end to it.<br />
Starting in 2006, the International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics<br />
will be given every year, for one or two months, to an eminent<br />
physicist who will come to Brussels to give a series of<br />
specialized lectures on a subject of his or her choice,<br />
together with an inaugural lecture aimed at a wider<br />
audience. It is planned to have also, in parallel, a <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Chair in Chemistry that should start in 2008.<br />
The pattern that has inspired and guided the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong> for the re-birth of the Chair in Physics is the<br />
Lorentz Chair in Leiden and also the Francqui International<br />
Chair.<br />
It is the will of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> that the chairs contribute<br />
to the doctoral training. In 2006, the lectures given by<br />
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2 0 0 6 I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o l v a y C h a i r i n P h y s i c s<br />
Professor Faddeev were one of the courses of the international<br />
doctoral school “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and<br />
Gravity” co-organized by the ULB, the VUB, the University of<br />
Amsterdam and the Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris). PhD<br />
students from these institutions attended Professor<br />
Faddeev’s lectures, together with more confirmed researchers<br />
from Belgium and neighbourhing countries (as well<br />
as Switzerland).<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> Chairs are meant to be among the most prestigious<br />
chairs in the world. With Professor Ludwig Faddeev as<br />
first chair holder, the <strong>Institutes</strong> have set the highest possible<br />
scientific standards. It was therefore a great honour for<br />
the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> to welcome him as the 2006 <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Professor in Physics.<br />
-25-
2 0 0 6 I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o l v a y C h a i r i n P h y s i c s<br />
A brief survey of the career of Professor<br />
Faddeev<br />
Professor Faddeev, holder of a dozen of prestigious awards<br />
and prizes – which include the 1975 Danni Heinemann<br />
Prize, the 1990 Dirac Medal, the 1996 Max Planck Medal and<br />
the 2005 State Prize of Russia – is recognized worldwide as<br />
one of the creators of modern mathematical physics.<br />
His first major achievements dates back to 1961, when he<br />
solved the famous quantum scattering problem for three<br />
particles, a result which opened the way to the theory of<br />
few-body systems that is in common use today.<br />
In 1967, his pioneering work (with Victor Popov) on the<br />
quantization of Yang-Mills gauge fields led to the foundation<br />
of the standard model of the theory of elementary particles.<br />
His seminal paper of 1971 with Vladimir Zakharov recognizing<br />
the Korteweg-de Vries system as a completely integrable<br />
Hamiltonian system, contributed to the explosion of<br />
work in modern soliton theory.<br />
Within the context of quantum mathematical physics, it is<br />
Professor Faddeev’s novel approach to the theory of spin<br />
chains that led to the discovery of new mathematical structures<br />
known today as quantum groups.<br />
Perhaps the best way to capture the importance of the<br />
scientific work of Ludwig Faddeev is to say that physicists<br />
consider him as one of the world’s leading theoretical physicists,<br />
whereas mathematicians count him as a mathema-<br />
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2 0 0 6 I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o l v a y C h a i r i n P h y s i c s<br />
tician of world standing. The comparison with Henri<br />
Poincaré naturally comes to mind.<br />
Ludwig Faddeev is Professor in Saint Petersburg State<br />
University and researcher at the Saint Petersburg branch of<br />
the Steklov Mathematical Institute. He is since the age of<br />
42 full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR –<br />
now Russia. He is also member of the French Academy of<br />
Sciences and he has been elected by the National Academy<br />
of the United States as a foreign member of two sections at<br />
once: mathematics and physics.<br />
One should add that Professor Faddeev’s school in mathematical<br />
physics is famous throughout the world. Many of<br />
his former students and collaborators hold important positions<br />
at various universities worldwide.<br />
Programme of chair<br />
23 – October - Inaugural lecture: “The Mass Problem in<br />
Yang-Mills Gauge Theory”<br />
23-27 October – Lectures: “Quantum Integrable Models”<br />
-27-
9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s
1911: Brussels,<br />
1 st <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Physics.<br />
1922: Brussels,<br />
1 st <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Chemistry.<br />
1925: Brussels,<br />
2 nd <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Chemistry.<br />
1933: Brussels,<br />
7 th <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Physics.<br />
-30-
1958: Brussels,<br />
11 th <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Physics.<br />
1959: Brussels,<br />
11 th <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Chemistry.<br />
1982: Austin,<br />
18 th <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Physics.<br />
2005: Brussels,<br />
23 rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference<br />
in Physics.<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
Re c e p t i o n a t t h e<br />
“M a i s o n E r n e s t S o l va y ”<br />
On the occasion of the 95th Anniversary of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>, a reception was organized on 18 October 2006 at<br />
the “Maison Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>” during which Professors<br />
L. Faddeev (first holder of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in<br />
Physics) and C.N. Yang (1957 Physics Nobel Laureate) were<br />
made Honorary Members of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
We are grateful to <strong>Solvay</strong> SA-NV for making the beautiful<br />
“Maison <strong>Solvay</strong>” available to us.<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
Speech by Marc Henneaux<br />
Mrs and Mr <strong>Solvay</strong>,<br />
Mr Janssen,<br />
Mrs and Mr Jean-Marie <strong>Solvay</strong>,<br />
Excellencies<br />
Dear Colleagues,<br />
Dear Friends,<br />
It is a great pleasure to welcome all of you at this cocktail<br />
party in honour of two eminent scientists, Professor Yang<br />
and Professor Faddeev.<br />
The International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> celebrate this year – 2006<br />
– the 95th Anniversary of the First <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference in Physics.<br />
95 years ... well, this is not so bad if one recalls that according<br />
to the original time schedule set up at their foundation, the<br />
<strong>Institutes</strong> were to disappear after 30 years of activity. The<br />
concepts underlying the creation of the <strong>Institutes</strong>, which<br />
combine the flexibility of a generous endowment with the<br />
research forces of the Brussels universities, were thus remarkably<br />
visionary, more visionary in fact than what their<br />
Founder Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong> even anticipated himself.<br />
In 95 years, the <strong>Institutes</strong> met with unprecedented success.<br />
The 1911 <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference has been only the first of a series<br />
of mythical meetings that now belong to the collective<br />
memory of physicists – I dare even say, to the collective<br />
memory of humanity, since quantum mechanics and relati-<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
vity are intellectual jewels that no longer belong to the restricted<br />
circle of physicists, but to humanity itself.<br />
These celebrated <strong>Solvay</strong> Conferences, which gather in Brussels<br />
the “crème de la crème” of the world researchers working on<br />
a given scientific area, have been – and still are – accompanied<br />
by various initiatives to support frontier fundamental<br />
research at the highest international level. Tomorrow starts,<br />
for instance, a <strong>Solvay</strong> workshop focused on one of the hottest<br />
topics in theoretical physics. This explains the presence with<br />
us this evening of leading physicists from all over the world.<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> are one of the most famous Belgian<br />
scientific institutions.<br />
We thus thought that it would be particularly appropriate<br />
to mark our 95th Anniversary by a special event and by a<br />
new initiative. And we thought that there would be no better<br />
way to do this than:<br />
- to launch the International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics; and<br />
- to celebrate two leading physicists of exceptional stature,<br />
who have deeply influenced the development of modern<br />
physics by penetrating ideas of exceptional breadth:<br />
Professors Chen Ning Yang and Ludwig Faddeev who are<br />
with us tonight.<br />
•••<br />
Professors Yang and Faddeev were already legendary figures<br />
when I was a student. The papers written by each of them on<br />
the fundamental forces in Nature were among the first that<br />
I studied. To be able to meet both of them in Brussels this<br />
evening is a dream of my youth that becomes reality.<br />
In the limited amount of time allocated to me, I will not be<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
able to review here their entire cv’s and contributions to physics.<br />
I will only survey a few salient points.<br />
•••<br />
Professor CN Yang made an outstanding impact on physics,<br />
through his remarkable contributions which cover a spectacularly<br />
broad range, from particle physics and the theory of<br />
the fundamental forces to statistical mechanics and condensed<br />
matter physics.<br />
Let me start with particle physics. We know that there are<br />
four fundamental forces in Nature: the electromagnetic<br />
force, the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force and<br />
the gravitational force. It turns out that the first three of<br />
these four fundamental forces are described, in the so-called<br />
standard model, by a theory co-developed by Professor Yang.<br />
These theories are known, in our physicists’ jargon, as the<br />
“Yang-Mills gauge theories”. So, we now understand electromagnetism<br />
and the nuclear forces (electroweak model and<br />
quantum chromodynamics) in terms of ideas developed by<br />
Yang ... when he was only 31 years old.<br />
Slightly later, at the age of 33, he was at the center of a revolution<br />
that shocked the entire physics community. It was<br />
believed until then that the laws of physics are parity-invariant,<br />
or, as it is also said, mirror-symmetric. The mirror<br />
image of any physical experiment, it was thought, could be<br />
also actually performed because there is no intrinsic difference,<br />
at a fundamental level, between left and right. This<br />
was challenged in 1956 by Yang and Lee, who pointed out<br />
that the weak nuclear force should violate parity. Their<br />
exceptional and precious understanding of phenomenology<br />
led them to further suggest experiments that would esta-<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
blish this weird property. The experiments were immediately<br />
performed and by early 1957, their results were released.<br />
They validated Yang and Lee’s bold – and then thought to be<br />
shocking – insight that parity is violated. This made the<br />
front page of many newspapers. And that same year, in<br />
October, they got the Nobel Prize! Yang was only 34. In view<br />
of the traditional prudence of the Nobel Foundation that<br />
usually waits for many years before crowning a scientific<br />
achievement, this is exceptional. I think it is perhaps the only<br />
instance of an almost instant Nobel recognition.<br />
But these unique scientific achievements are not all.<br />
Professor Yang’s work in statistical mechanics had an equally<br />
important impact through his analysis of spin systems and<br />
spontaneous magnetization, phase transitions, and the socalled<br />
Yang-Baxter equations, which opened the way to rich<br />
physical and mathematical developments.<br />
Many people have compared the work of Yang with that of<br />
the famous British physicist Maxwell of the 19th century,<br />
who also left an indelible imprint on field theory and statistical<br />
mechanics. I fully endorse this view.<br />
The scientific achievements of Professor Yang are characterized<br />
by deepness, originality and exceptional breadth. The<br />
importance of some of his work has been very often appreciated<br />
by the community only 15 to 20 years later (the instant<br />
recognition of parity non invariance described above is an<br />
exception). The career of Professor Yang perfectly illustrates<br />
that theoretical fundamental research at the best level is not<br />
made by big programs (which are usually fashion-inspired),<br />
but by men and women of exceptional imagination and<br />
creativity, who are given the means to pursue freely their<br />
investigations.<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
This is a philosophy that we share at the International <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>. It is thus a great pleasure and a great honor for<br />
me to make Professor Yang Honorary Member of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
Professor Yang, if you could please come here. In the name of<br />
the <strong>Institutes</strong>, I would like to offer you on this occasion a<br />
book on the history of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>. Please note that<br />
the history is not finished and is still being written!<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
Professor Ludwig Faddev is one of the greatest figures<br />
that dominate mathematical physics. As I just mentioned,<br />
the comparison can be made between the works of<br />
Maxwell and of Yang. I would like to venture another<br />
comparison in the case of Faddeev, with the great French<br />
mathematical physicist Henri Poincaré. Physicists are<br />
proud to count him as a physicist; and mathematicians<br />
are equally proud to count him as a mathematician.<br />
Again, the breadth of Faddeev’s work is exceptional.<br />
He made unique contributions to quantum field theory<br />
where, in particular, he showed how to quantize consistly the<br />
Yang-Mills gauge theories mentioned above, in a manner<br />
compatible with the general physical principles of gauge<br />
invariance and unitarity. This required the introduction of<br />
new, somewhat spurious, particles that cannot be directly<br />
seen but that are nevertherless necessary for the consistency<br />
of the formalism. These have been given since the picturesque<br />
name of “Faddeev-Popov ghosts”. (This gives you an<br />
idea of the sense of humour of physicists.) This pioneering<br />
development opened the way to a thorough investigation of<br />
the quantum properties of the Yang-Mills gauge theories<br />
and contributed to settle the theoretical foundations of the<br />
standard model of the fundamental forces used in particle<br />
physics today and verified with a remarkable accuracy.<br />
Before this work, Professor Faddeev was already a hero in<br />
the physics community thanks to his resolution of the<br />
famous quantum scattering problem for three particles,<br />
a brilliant tour de force that paved the way to the theory<br />
of few-body systems that is in common use today.<br />
Professor Faddeev has also made major contributions to<br />
quantum integrable systems, which have found applications<br />
in condensed matter physics. His new approach to the<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
theory of spin chains has led to the discovery of entirely new<br />
mathematical structures known today as “quantum groups”<br />
and now studied also “per se” by mathematicians.<br />
His school in mathematical physics, called in the past the<br />
Leningrad school and today the Saint-Petersburg school, is<br />
famous throughout the world, as testified by the list of participants<br />
to the <strong>Solvay</strong> Workshop that starts tomorrow,<br />
many of whom are with us this evening.<br />
Professor Faddeev is member of various academies: the<br />
Academies of Sciences of Russia (formally of the USSR, of<br />
which he became a full member at the unusually young age<br />
of 42) and of France, as well as the National Academy of the<br />
United States. He received also numerous prestigious international<br />
awards and prizes, including the Dirac Medal, the<br />
Dannie Heinemann Prize and the Max Planck Medal.<br />
Professor Faddeev is a member of the <strong>Solvay</strong> International<br />
Committee for Physics. He has helped us enormously in the<br />
last years. This, combined with his exceptional scientific stature,<br />
made him a natural candidate for the First<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics. We are extremely<br />
happy and honoured that he accepted our offer.<br />
Starting this year, the International <strong>Solvay</strong> Chair in Physics<br />
will be given every year, for one or two months, to an eminent<br />
scientist who will come to Brussels to give a series of<br />
specialized lectures on a subject of his or her choice, together<br />
with an inaugural lecture aimed at a wider audience. These<br />
chairs are meant to be prestigious. With Professor Faddeev<br />
as first chair holder, we are setting the highest possible scientific<br />
standards. We shall make sure that excellence is maintained<br />
in the subsequent years – I can announce already<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
that the 2007 chair holder will most likely be Sir Michael<br />
Berry and the 2008 one will most likely be Nobel Laureate<br />
David Gross.<br />
For all these reasons, it is a great pleasure and a great honor<br />
to make Professor Faddeev also Honorary Member of the<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
Professor Faddeev, if you could please come here. In the<br />
name of the <strong>Institutes</strong>, I would like to also offer you on this<br />
occasion a book on the history of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
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9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
If we are still here 95 years after the creation of the <strong>Institutes</strong>,<br />
we owe it to the <strong>Solvay</strong> family who through many generations<br />
– now 5! – has continuously supported and trusted our<br />
activities. I would like to thank them in the name of the<br />
world scientific community. I would like to extend my thanks<br />
to the <strong>Solvay</strong> company which is also generously supporting<br />
us. That today’s ceremony takes place in the house where<br />
Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong> lived for many years is very symbolic and<br />
makes this event almost a family affair.<br />
I would also like to thank our other sponsors whose support<br />
is essential: the Belgian National Lottery, the Government of<br />
the French Community of Belgium, the Foundation David<br />
and Alice Van Buuren as well as the Hotel Metropole. Finally,<br />
it is a great pleasure to acknowledge the crucial help given<br />
to us by the two universities of Brussels, the ULB and the VUB.<br />
•••<br />
95 years .... this is not very far from 100 years. We will prepare<br />
a big event for our 100th anniversary in 2011 and I am<br />
sure that you will hear about it in due time.<br />
But you will certainly hear from us before as we are full of<br />
other exciting projects – including an International <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Chair in Chemistry – projects which will all materialize in the<br />
meantime if, as we are confident, we can consolidate our<br />
financial basis.<br />
Many thanks for your attention.<br />
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1 2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
9 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f<br />
t h e S o l v a y I n s t i t u t e s<br />
1 L. Faddeev, C.N. Yang<br />
2 Baron Janssen, M. Henneaux, her Excellency Mrs<br />
Zhang Qiyue, Ambassador of the Popular Republic<br />
of China<br />
3 M. Helbig de Balzac, V. Halloin, F. Reniers,<br />
Baron Janssen<br />
4 C.N. Yang, Mrs Yang, Mrs Ge, M.L. Ge, her<br />
Excellency Mrs Zhang Qiyue, Ambassador of the<br />
Popular Republic of China<br />
5 M. Mareschal, G. Latouche, F. Reniers<br />
6 her Excellency Mrs Zhang Qiyue, Ambassador of<br />
the Popular Republic of China, A. Brouhns,<br />
C. Jourquin<br />
7 L. Faddeev, J-M <strong>Solvay</strong>, M. Helbig de Balzac<br />
8 Mrs Ge, M.L GE, F. Lambert<br />
9 C. Jourquin, J. Van Rijckevorsel, A. Brouhns<br />
10 P-H Heenen, F. Reniers, G. Latouche<br />
11 M. Mareschal, P. Gaspard, J. Turner<br />
12 J. Bricmont, P. Van Moerbeke, P. Gaspard,<br />
Mrs <strong>Solvay</strong>, F. Bingen, W. Troost<br />
13 M. Henneaux, Mrs <strong>Solvay</strong>, J. <strong>Solvay</strong>, C.N. Yang,<br />
Mrs Yang<br />
14 D. Baye, C. Jourquin, J. Reisse<br />
5 6
7 8<br />
9<br />
1 0<br />
1 1<br />
1 2<br />
1 3<br />
1 4
W o r k s h o p s , S y m p o s i a a n d S c h o o l s<br />
o r g a n i z e d b y t h e I n s t i t u t e s
Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
2 2 - 2 5 M a r c h 2 0 0 6
Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
The international Conference “Work, Dissipation, and<br />
Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics” was held at the<br />
Free University of Brussels from March 22 to 25, 2006 under<br />
the auspices of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> and was<br />
co-organized by the Interdisciplinary Center for Nonlinear<br />
Phenomena and Complex Systems of ULB. This conference<br />
gathered 84 participants from Australia, Austria, Belgium,<br />
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands,<br />
Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States<br />
of America.<br />
Today, the field of nonequilibrium physics is witnessing<br />
fundamental advances in the understanding of work, dissipation,<br />
and time asymmetry in out-of-equilibrium systems<br />
at the scale of nanometers. In these nanosystems, it has<br />
recently been shown that the nonequilibrium fluctuations<br />
obey remarkable relationships of great generality and valid<br />
far from equilibrium. These new relationships have been<br />
discovered in dynamical systems theory and nonequilibrium<br />
statistical mechanics during the last fifteen years<br />
and they characterize the statistical thermodynamics of<br />
driven Brownian motion, mesoscopic electronic devices,<br />
stretched single biomolecules, or molecular motors. The<br />
international conference has timely gathered in March<br />
2006 the majority of the scientists who have contributed to<br />
this fundamental breakthrough of contemporary nonequilibrium<br />
physics.<br />
We wish to express our gratitude to Marc Henneaux,<br />
Director of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>, for supporting this conference<br />
as a <strong>Solvay</strong> Workshop. Grégoire Nicolis of the<br />
Interdisciplinary Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and<br />
Complex Systems is thanked for his support in the organization<br />
of the conference. We are grateful to Bernard<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Derrida of the “Ecole Normale Supérieure” of Paris for<br />
having proposed to publish the Proceedings in the<br />
“Comptes Rendus de l’ Académie des Sciences (Paris)”. It is<br />
our pleasure to thank Mrs Sonia Wellens of the<br />
Interdisciplinary Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and<br />
Complex Systems for her essential role in the organization<br />
and running of the conference. We also thank Mrs<br />
Dominique Bogaerts, Fabienne De Neyn, Stéphanie<br />
Deprins, and Isabelle Juif of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> for their<br />
help during the conference.<br />
Pierre Gaspard and Christian Van den Broeck<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Scientific Committee<br />
J.R. Dorfman (College Park, USA)<br />
D. Evans (Canberra, Australia)<br />
C. Jarzynski (Los Alamos, USA)<br />
G. Nicolis (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
S. Tasaki (Tokyo, Japan)<br />
H. van Beijeren (Utrecht, The Netherlands)<br />
Organising Committee<br />
Pierre Gaspard (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
Christian Van den Broeck (Hasselt & Brussels, Belgium)<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Invited Speakers<br />
C. Appert-Rolland (Paris, France)<br />
C. Bustamante (Berkeley, USA)<br />
S. Ciliberto (Lyon, France)<br />
R. Coalson (Pittsburgh, USA)<br />
E.G.D. Cohen (New York, USA)<br />
G. Crooks (Berkeley, USA)<br />
C. Dellago (Vienna, Austria)<br />
B. Derrida (Paris, France)<br />
D. Evans (Canberra, Australia)<br />
G. Gallavotti (Roma, Italy)<br />
G. Hummer (Bethesda, USA)<br />
C. Jarzynski (Los Alamos, USA)<br />
K. Kinosita (Tokyo, Japan)<br />
J. Kurchan (Paris, France)<br />
C. Maes (Leuven, Belgium)<br />
G. Morriss (Sydney, Australia)<br />
S. Mukamel (Irvine, USA)<br />
L. Peliti (Napoli, Italy)<br />
H.A. Posch (Vienna, Austria)<br />
F. Ritort (Barcelona, Spain)<br />
U. Seifert (Stuttgart, Germany)<br />
K. Sekimoto (Paris, France)<br />
S. Tasaki (Tokyo, Japan)<br />
T. Tel (Budapest, Hungary)<br />
F. van Wijland (Paris, France)<br />
R. van Zon (Toronto, Canada)<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Wednesday,<br />
22 March 2006<br />
9h30-9h50<br />
Chair:<br />
9h50-10h30<br />
Welcome and opening address<br />
P. Gaspard (ULB, Belgium)<br />
C. Jarzynski (Los Alamos National<br />
Laboratory, USA)<br />
“Microscopic reversibility, macroscopic<br />
irreversibility, and nonequilibrium work<br />
theorems”<br />
10h30-11h10<br />
F. Ritort (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain)<br />
“The nonequilibrium thermodynamics of<br />
small systems”<br />
11h10-11h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h40-12h20<br />
D. J. Evans (Austrialan National University,<br />
Australia)<br />
“The fluctuation and nonequilibrium free<br />
energy theorems – Theory & experiment”<br />
12h20-12h40<br />
C. Van den Broeck (Universiteit Hasselt,<br />
Belgium)<br />
“Fluctuation and dissipation: Three case<br />
studies”<br />
12h40-14h30<br />
Lunch<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Wednesday,<br />
22 March 2006<br />
Chair:<br />
14h30-15h10<br />
R. Lefever (ULB, Belgium)<br />
K. Kinosita (Waseda University, Japan)<br />
“Chemo-mechanical energy transduction in a<br />
rotary molecular motor F1-ATPase”<br />
15h10-15h40<br />
G. Hummer (National Institute of Health,<br />
Maryland, USA)<br />
“Thermodynamics and kinetics from<br />
nonequilibrium single-molecule pulling<br />
experiments”<br />
15h40-16h10<br />
R. Coalson (University of Pittsburgh, USA)<br />
“Calculating ion permeation through<br />
biological channel proteins”<br />
16h10-16h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h40-17h10<br />
R. Kawai (University of Alabama, USA)<br />
“From Brownian motor to Brownian<br />
refrigerator”<br />
17h10-17h40<br />
K. Sekimoto (Université Paris 7, France)<br />
“Autonomous free energy transducers<br />
under thermal fluctuations”<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Thursday,<br />
23 March 2006<br />
Chair:<br />
9h30-10h10<br />
G. Nicolis (ULB, Belgium)<br />
E. G. D. Cohen (The Rockfeller University,<br />
USA)<br />
“Fluctuation relations in nonequilibrium<br />
driven Langevin systems”<br />
10h10-10h50<br />
S. Ciliberto (Laboratoire de Physique de<br />
l’ENSL, France)<br />
“Experimental results on the fluctuations in<br />
out-of-equilibrium systems”<br />
10h50-11h10<br />
Group photo<br />
11h10-11h30<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h30-12h10<br />
B. Derrida (Ecole Normale Supérieure de<br />
Paris, France)<br />
“Some exact results on the current and<br />
density fluctuations in one dimensional<br />
non-equilibrium systems”<br />
12h10-12h40<br />
C. Maes (KULeuven, Belgium)<br />
“Nonequilibrium ensembles »<br />
12h40-14h30<br />
Lunch<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Thursday,<br />
23 March 2006<br />
Chair:<br />
14h30-15h00<br />
C. Maes (KULeuven, Belgium)<br />
S. Mukamel (University of<br />
California, USA)<br />
“Fluctuation theorems in quantum<br />
systems”<br />
15h00-15h30<br />
S.Tasaki (Waseda University, Japan)<br />
“Nonequilibrium fluctuations in<br />
some quantum systems”<br />
15h30-15h50<br />
D. Alonso (Fritz-Haber Institut,<br />
Germany)<br />
“Atoms in non-Markovian<br />
environments”<br />
15h50-16h10<br />
W. De Roeck (KULeuven, Belgium)<br />
“Rigorous effective expressions<br />
for microscopic fluctuations”<br />
16h10-16h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h40-17h00<br />
T. Monnai (Waseda University, Japan)<br />
“Decay to the nonequilibrium<br />
steady state of thermal diffusion<br />
process in a tilted periodic potential”<br />
17h00-17h20<br />
T. Gilbert (ULB, Belgium)<br />
“Fluctuation theorem applied to<br />
the Nosé-Hoover thermostated<br />
Lorentz gas”<br />
17h20-17h40<br />
A. Gomez Marin (Universitat de<br />
Barcelona, Spain)<br />
“Heat fluctuations in Brownian<br />
transducers”<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Friday,<br />
24 March 2006<br />
Chair:<br />
9h30-10h00<br />
F. Cornu (Université Paris-Sud,<br />
France)<br />
U. Seifert (Universität Stuttgart,<br />
Germany)<br />
“Entropy production along a<br />
stochastic trajectory”<br />
10h00-10h30<br />
C. Appert-Rolland (Université Paris XI,<br />
France)<br />
“Systems with Markov dynamics:<br />
Thermodynamic formalism and<br />
dynamic entropies”<br />
10h30-10h50<br />
P. Gaspard (ULB, Belgium)<br />
“Entropy production and time<br />
asymmetry in dynamical randomness”<br />
10h50-11h10<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h10-11h40<br />
F.vanWijland (Université de Paris VII,<br />
France)<br />
“ Power injected in a heated<br />
granular gas”<br />
11h40-12h10<br />
R. van Zon (University of Toronto,<br />
Canada)<br />
“Short-time fluctuations of<br />
displacements and work”<br />
12h10-12h50<br />
G. Gallavotti (Università di Roma,<br />
Italy)<br />
“Thermostats and<br />
irreversibility time scale”<br />
12h50-14h30<br />
Lunch<br />
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Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Friday,<br />
24 March 2006<br />
Chair:<br />
14h30-15h00<br />
B. Duplantier (CEA/Saclay,<br />
France)<br />
G. Crooks (Lawrence Berkeley Natl.<br />
Lab., USA)<br />
“Beyond Boltzmann-Gibbs<br />
statistics: Maximum entropy<br />
hyperensembles out-of-equilibrium”<br />
15h00-15h30<br />
J. Kurchan (PMMH-ESPCI, Paris,<br />
France)<br />
“Mapping reaction paths in phase<br />
space”<br />
15h30-16h00<br />
C. Dellago (Universität Wien,<br />
Austria)<br />
“The Jarzynski identity as a<br />
computational tool”<br />
16h00-16h30<br />
L. Peliti (Università “Federico II”,<br />
Napoli, Italy)<br />
“Evaluating large deviation<br />
functions”<br />
16h30-17h00<br />
Coffee break<br />
17h00-19h30<br />
Poster session<br />
20h00<br />
Banquet<br />
-57-
Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Programme<br />
Saturday,<br />
25 March 2006<br />
Chair :<br />
9h30-10h10<br />
C. Van den Broeck<br />
(Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium)<br />
H. van Beijeren (Utrecht Universiteit,<br />
The Netherlands)<br />
10h10-10h40<br />
G. Morriss (University of New<br />
South Wales, Australia)<br />
“Lyapunov exponents and<br />
vectors”<br />
10h40-11h10<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h10-11h40<br />
H. A. Posch (Universität Wien,<br />
Austria)<br />
“On thermostats and negative<br />
specific heat”<br />
11h40-12h00<br />
A. Fingerle (Max-Planck-Institut,<br />
Germany)<br />
“Relativistic fluctuation theorems”<br />
12h00-12h30<br />
R. MacKay (IHES, France)<br />
“Ergodic pumping: a mechanism<br />
to drive biomolecular conformation<br />
changes”<br />
12h30-12h50<br />
Closing remarks<br />
-58-
Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
List of participants<br />
Name<br />
Institution<br />
ALONSO Sergio<br />
ALONSO RAMIREZ Daniel<br />
ANDRIEUX David<br />
APPERT-ROLLAND Cécile<br />
BASIOS Vasileos<br />
BOLLE Désiré<br />
BOON Jean Pierre<br />
BRUERS Stijn<br />
CILIBERTO Sergio<br />
CLEUREN Bart<br />
COALSON Rob<br />
COHEN E.G.D.<br />
CORNU Françoise<br />
CROOKS Gavin<br />
DAEMS David<br />
del RIO Ezequiel<br />
DELLAGO Christoph<br />
DE ROECK Wojciech<br />
DERRIDA Bernard<br />
DUPLANTIER Bertrand<br />
EVANS Denis J.<br />
FINGERLE Axel<br />
GALLAVOTTI Giovanni<br />
GARCIA CANTU Anselmo<br />
GASPARD Pierre<br />
GERRITSMA Eric<br />
GILBERT Thomas<br />
GIURANIUC Vasile Claudiu<br />
GOMEZ-MARIN Alex<br />
GROSFILS Patrick<br />
Fritz-Haber Institut Berlin, Germany<br />
Facultad de Fisicas Tenerife, Spain<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Paris XI, France<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
ENS Lyon, France<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A.<br />
The Rockfeller University, New York, U.S.A.<br />
Université Paris-Sud, France<br />
Lawrence Berkeley Natl. Lab.Berkeley, U.S.A.<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain<br />
Universität Wien, Austria<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, France<br />
CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France<br />
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia<br />
Max Planck Institut, Göttingen, Germany<br />
Università di Roma « La Sapienza », Italia<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Universitat de Barcelona, Spain<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
-59-
Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Name<br />
Institution<br />
HENNEAUX Marc<br />
HERNANDEZ CONCEPCION Ethel<br />
HEYLEN Rob<br />
HUMMER Gerhard<br />
IMPARATO Alberto<br />
JACOBS Tim<br />
JAIN Sudhir R.<br />
JARZYNSKI Christopher<br />
KARPOV Evgueni<br />
KAWAI Ryoichi<br />
KINOSITA Kazuhiko<br />
KURCHAN Jorge<br />
LECOMTE Vivien<br />
LEFEVER René<br />
LESNE Annick<br />
LUTSKO Jim<br />
Mc EWEN Jean-Sabin<br />
MACKAY Robert<br />
MAES Christian<br />
MALLICK Kirone<br />
MARESCHAL Michel<br />
METENS Stephane<br />
MEURS Pascal<br />
MEYSMAN Filip<br />
MONNAI Takaaki<br />
MORRISS Gary<br />
MUKAMEL Shaul<br />
NAUDTS Jan<br />
NAVEZ Patrick<br />
NERI Izaak<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Facultad de Fisica, Tenerife, Spain<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
National Institute of Health, Maryland, U.S.A.<br />
Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Napoli,<br />
Italy<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Utrecht Universiteit, The Netherlands<br />
Los Alamos National Laboratory, U.S.A.<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
University of Alabama at Birmingham, U.S.A.<br />
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan<br />
PMMH-ESPCI Paris, France<br />
Université Paris XI, France<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
IHES Bures-sur-Yvette, France & University of Warwick,<br />
United Kingdom<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université de Paris VII, France<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Netherlands Instituut voor Ecologie, The Netherlands<br />
Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo, Japan<br />
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia<br />
University of California, Irvine, U.S.A.<br />
Antwerp Universiteit, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
-60-
Work, Dissipation, and Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Physics<br />
Name<br />
Institution<br />
NICOLIS Grégoire<br />
PARRONDO Juan<br />
PELITI Luca<br />
POSCH Harald A.<br />
REMACLE Vincent<br />
RITORT Felix<br />
SEIFERT Udo<br />
SEKIMOTO Ken<br />
SERVANTIE James<br />
SOKOLOVSKY Alexander<br />
TASAKI Shuichi<br />
TATYANENKO Dmitry<br />
VAN BEIJEREN Henk<br />
VANDECAN Yves<br />
VAN DEN BROEK Christian<br />
VAN DEN BROEK Martijn<br />
VAN DER STRAETEN Erik<br />
VANDERZANDE Carlo<br />
VAN WIEREN Maarten<br />
VAN WIJLAND Frédéric<br />
VAN ZON Ramses<br />
VEDERNIKOV Andrei<br />
VELARDE Manuel<br />
VISCARDY Sébastien<br />
VISCO Paolo<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain<br />
Università « Federico II »Complesso Monte S. Angelo,<br />
Napoli, Italy<br />
Universität Wien, Austria<br />
Sales Technical Support Manager Energy<br />
Atos Origin, Zaventem, Belgium<br />
Universitat de Barcelona, Spain<br />
Universität Stuttgart, Germany<br />
Université Paris VII & PCT, ESPCI Paris, France<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Dnepropetrovsk National University, Ukraine<br />
Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Utrecht Universiteit, The Netherlands<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Eurandom, Eindhoven, The Nederlands<br />
Université de Paris VII, France<br />
University of Toronto, Canada<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Orsay, France<br />
-61-
M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l i n M a t h e m a t i c a l<br />
P h y s i c s 6 - 1 2 A u g u s t 2 0 0 6
M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l 6 - 1 2 A u g u s t 2 0 0 6<br />
After the success of the first Modave Summer School, a<br />
second edition was organized by a group of young physicists<br />
from the Service de Physique Théorique et<br />
Mathématique of the ULB, the Theoretical Particle Physics<br />
Group of the VUB and the Service de Mécanique et<br />
Gravitation of the UMH. The event benefited from the support<br />
of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
In modern theoretical physics, a very strong mathematical<br />
background is required for the understanding of many profound<br />
physical issues. Unfortunately, in usual schools and<br />
workshops addressed to young physicists these mathematical<br />
tools are not covered in detail. The Modave philosophy<br />
is to provide to the beginners in the field these tools necessary<br />
to go closer to the recent development in physics.<br />
Another aim of the school is to promote the exchange of<br />
knowledge between the participants. In this respect, the<br />
Modave lectures are given by the young researchers themselves<br />
in the domain where they are becoming experts.<br />
The summer school consisted of about 5 hours of lectures a<br />
day, during the morning and the late afternoon. This schedule<br />
encouraged the participants to interact during the<br />
afternoon in informal discussions. Various social events<br />
were organized during the evening.<br />
Some of the lecturers made their contributions available<br />
for the international community of physicists by publishing<br />
an extended electronic version of their talk on the<br />
Internet. The whole contributions were published in paper<br />
format in “The Proceedings of the Second Modave Summer<br />
School”.<br />
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M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l 6 - 1 2 A u g u s t 2 0 0 6<br />
Organising Committee<br />
N. Bouatta,<br />
S. Cnockaert,<br />
G. Compère,<br />
S. de Buyl,<br />
S. Detournay,<br />
S. Nevens,<br />
A. Wijns.<br />
-65-
Participants<br />
Joke Adam (KUL),<br />
Paolo Aschieri (München,<br />
Germany),<br />
Xavier Bekaert (IHES),<br />
Nazim Bouatta (ULB),<br />
Nicolas Boulanger (UMH),<br />
Laurent Claessens (UCL),<br />
Sandrine Cnockaert (ULB),<br />
Andres Collinucci (KUL),<br />
Geoffrey Compère (ULB),<br />
Thomas Creutzig (DESY,<br />
Hamburg, Germany),<br />
Sophie de Buyl (ULB),<br />
Stéphane Detournay (UMH),<br />
Jarah Evslin (ULB),<br />
Wen Jiang (Oxford),<br />
Euihun Joung (Paris VII, France),<br />
Stanislav Kuperstein (ULB),<br />
Serge Leclercq (UMH),<br />
Mauricio Leston<br />
(Buenos Aires, Argentina),<br />
Carlo Maccaferri (ULB),<br />
Vincent Mathieu (UMH),<br />
Jakob Palmkvist (Albert Einstein<br />
Institute, Golm, Germany),<br />
Daniel Persson (ULB),<br />
Christoffer Petersson<br />
(Chalmers U., Gothenburg),<br />
Jan Rosseel (KUL),<br />
Paul Smyth (KUL),<br />
Nassiba Tabti (ULB),<br />
Dieter Van den Bleeken (KUL),<br />
Vincent Wens (ULB),<br />
Alexander Wijns (VUB).
M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l 6 - 1 2 A u g u s t 2 0 0 6<br />
Programme<br />
Lectures:<br />
BRST Symmetry, String and String Field Theory<br />
(N. Bouatta, S. Cnockaert, S. Leclercq, C. Maccaferri, 8h)<br />
Algebraic Geometry and K-Theory<br />
(J. Evslin, W. Jiang, 5h)<br />
Representations of the Poincaré Group<br />
(X. Bekaert, N. Boulanger, 3h)<br />
Theory of Black Holes<br />
(G. Compère, 3h)<br />
Topology of Fiber Bundles and Instantons<br />
(A. Wijns, A. Collinucci, 4h)<br />
Hopf Algebras, Quantum Groups<br />
(P. Aschieri, 3h)<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
1 9 – 2 1 O c t o b e r 2 0 0 6
B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Scientific Committee<br />
A. Alekseev (Geneva, Switzerland)<br />
O. Babelon (Paris, France)<br />
R. Brout (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
L. Faddeev (St Petersburg, Russia)<br />
M. Henneaux (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
P. Kulish (St Petersburg, Russia)<br />
L. Lipatov (St Petersburg, Russia)<br />
B. McCoy (Stony Brook, USA)<br />
T. Miwa (Kyoto, Japan)<br />
H. Nicolai (Potsdam, Germany)<br />
P. Van Moerbeke (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)<br />
C.N. Yang<br />
(Hong Kong)<br />
The aim of this <strong>Solvay</strong> Workshop was to pay tribute to Hans<br />
Bethe at the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth.<br />
Since 2006 was also the 75th anniversary of his famous<br />
Ansatz it seemed appropriate to dedicate a workshop to<br />
this major subject. About twenty distinguished scientists<br />
agreed to present the rich variety of topics and developments<br />
that originated in Hans Bethe’s famous paper of<br />
1931. Special attention was devoted to the technical problems<br />
related to the counting of solutions of the Bethe<br />
equation for the XYZ model, to the construction of correlation<br />
functions and to modern applications of the AdS/CFT<br />
duality. Very strong indications of the exact solvability of<br />
the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory were also provided.<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Organising Committee<br />
F. Ferrari (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
L. Houart (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
R. Kashaev (Geneva, Switzerland)<br />
F. Lambert (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
F. Nijhoff (Leeds, United Kingdom)<br />
A. Volkov (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
Invited Speakers<br />
V. Bazhanov (Canberra, Australia)<br />
N. Beisert (Princeton, USA)<br />
K. Fabricius (Wuppertal, Germany)<br />
M.L. Ge (Nankai, China)<br />
V. Kazakov (Paris, France)<br />
V. Korepin (Stony Brook, USA)<br />
J.-M. Maillet (Lyon, France)<br />
B. McCoy (Stony Brook, USA)<br />
N. Reshetikhin (Berkeley, USA)<br />
H. Saleur (Los Angeles, USA)<br />
E. Sklyanin (York, United Kingdom)<br />
F. Smirnov (Jussieu, France)<br />
B. Sutherland (Salt Lake City, USA)<br />
M. Staudacher (Potsdam, Germany)<br />
L. Takhtajan (Stony Brook, USA)<br />
P. Van Moerbeke (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)<br />
A. Zamolodchikov (Rutgers, USA)<br />
K. Zarembo (Uppsala, Sweden)<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Programme<br />
Welcome Reception at the <strong>Solvay</strong> House<br />
Wednesday,<br />
18 October 2006<br />
Programme<br />
Chair:<br />
R. Brout (ULB, Belgium)<br />
Thursday,<br />
19 October 2006<br />
9:30 – 9:50 Opening by M. Henneaux, L. Faddeev<br />
and R. Brout<br />
9:50 – 10:30 C.N. Yang (Chinese University of Hong Kong,<br />
Hong Kong)<br />
10:30 – 10:50 Coffee Break<br />
Chair:<br />
A. Alekseev (Université de Genève,<br />
Switzerland)<br />
10:50 – 11:30 T. Miwa (Kyoto University, Japan)<br />
“Density Matrix of the XXZ Spin Chain”<br />
11:30 – 12:10 F. Smirnov (Laboratoire de Physique théorique<br />
Hautes Energies, Jussieu, France)<br />
“Q-Oscillator and Correlation Functions<br />
for XXZ Model”<br />
12:10 – 13:45 Lunch<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Programme<br />
Thursday,<br />
19 October 2006<br />
Chair:<br />
O. Babelon (Laboratoire de Physique<br />
théorique et Hautes Energies,<br />
Jussieu, France)<br />
13:45 – 14:25 B. Sutherland (University of Utah, USA)<br />
“The Asymptotic Bethe Ansatz”<br />
14:25 – 15:05 V. Korepin (University of New-York, USA)<br />
“XXX Spin Chain: from Bethe Solution to<br />
Open Problems”<br />
15:05 – 15:45 K. Fabricius (Bergische Universität<br />
Wuppertal, Germany)<br />
“An Elliptic Current Operator for the Eight<br />
Vertex Model”<br />
15:45 – 16:20 Coffee Break<br />
16:20 – 17:00 V. Bazhanov (Australian National<br />
University, Australia)<br />
“Analytic Theory of the Eight-Vertex<br />
Model”<br />
17:00 – 17:40 N. Reshetikhin (University of Berkeley,<br />
USA)<br />
“The 6-Vertex Model with Fixed Boundary<br />
Conditions”<br />
Banquet at the Hotel Metropole<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Programme<br />
Friday,<br />
Chair:<br />
H. Nicolai (Max-Planck-Institut,<br />
Germany)<br />
20 October 2006<br />
9:30 – 10:10 B. McCoy (Institute for Theoretical<br />
Physics, New-York, USA)<br />
“The Six Vertex Model at Roots of Unity:<br />
Loop Algebra Symmetry and<br />
Representation Theory”<br />
10:10 – 10:50 J.-M. Maillet (Ecole Normale Supérieure<br />
de Lyon, France)<br />
“Correlation Functions of Heisenberg<br />
Spin Chains : the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz<br />
Approach”<br />
10:50 – 11:10 Coffee Break<br />
11:10 – 11:50 L. Lipatov (Petersburg Nuclear Physics<br />
Institute, Russia)<br />
“Transcendentality Property of N=4<br />
Supersymmetric Gauge Theories”<br />
11:50 – 12:30 N. Beisert (Princeton University, USA)<br />
“The S-Matrix of AdS/CFT”<br />
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Programme<br />
Friday,<br />
Chair:<br />
L. Takhtajan (Stony Brook<br />
University, USA)<br />
20 October 2006<br />
14:00 – 14:40 H. Saleur (CEA Saclay, France)<br />
“Enlarged Symmetries of Spin Chains and<br />
Loop Models”<br />
14:40 – 15:20 E.Sklyanin (University ofYork,United Kingdom)<br />
“Bethe Equations: Towards an Exact<br />
Solution”<br />
15:20 – 16:00 V. Kazakov (Université Paris-VI, France)<br />
“Classical Limit of the Bethe Ansatz for<br />
Stringy Sigma Models”<br />
16:00 – 16:20 Coffee Break<br />
16:20 – 17:00 P. Van Moerbeke (Université Catholique<br />
de Louvain, Belgium)<br />
“Critical Infinite-Dimensional Diffusions<br />
and Non-linear Equations for their<br />
Transition Probabilities”<br />
17:00 – 17:40 A. Zamolodchikov (Rutgers University, USA)<br />
“Integrable Boundary Interactions”<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
Programme<br />
Saturday,<br />
Chair:<br />
V. Korepin (University of New-York,<br />
USA)<br />
21 October 2006<br />
9:30 – 10:10 M.L. Ge (Nankai University, China)<br />
“Yang-Baxter Equation and Quantum<br />
Information”<br />
10:10 – 10:50 M. Staudacher (Max-Planck-Institut,<br />
Potsdam, Germany)<br />
“The Hubbard Model and the AdS/CFT<br />
Correspondence”<br />
10:50 – 11:10 Coffee Break<br />
11:10 – 11:50 K. Zarembo (Uppsala Universitet, Sweden)<br />
“Bethe Ansatz in Stringy Sigma-Models”<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
List of participants<br />
Name<br />
Institution<br />
ALEKSEEV A.<br />
BABELON O.<br />
BARNICH G.<br />
BAZHANOV V.<br />
BEISERT N.<br />
BOUATTA N.<br />
BROUT R.<br />
COLOMO F.<br />
CRAPS B.<br />
ENGLERT F.<br />
FABRICIUS K.<br />
FADDEEV L.<br />
FERRARI F.<br />
FORTE L.<br />
GASPARD P.<br />
GE M.L.<br />
GRIGORIEV M.<br />
HENNEAUX M.<br />
HOUART L.<br />
KASHAEV R.<br />
KAZAKOV V.<br />
KOREPIN V.<br />
LAMBERT F.<br />
LIPATOV L.<br />
MACCAFERRI C.<br />
MAILLET J-M.<br />
MANOJLOVIC N.<br />
Université de Genève, Switzerland<br />
Laboratoire de Physique théorique et Hautes Energies,<br />
Jussieu, France<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Australian National University, Australia<br />
Princeton University, USA<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
INFN Firenze, Italy<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Germany<br />
V.A. Steklov Mathematical Institute, St Petersburg,<br />
Russia<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Nankai University, China<br />
Lebedev Institute, Russia<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université de Genève, Switzerland<br />
Université Paris-VI, France<br />
University of New-York, USA<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium<br />
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France<br />
Universidade do Algarve, Portugal<br />
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B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
-78-
B e t h e A n s a t z , 7 5 y e a r s l a t e r<br />
List of participants<br />
Name<br />
Institution<br />
McCOY B.<br />
MIWA T.<br />
NAGY Z.<br />
NAUDTS J.<br />
NICOLAI H.<br />
NIJHOFF F.<br />
PERSSON D.<br />
PRONKO A.<br />
REJ A.<br />
RESHETIKHIN N.<br />
RODRIGUEZ-PLAZA M.<br />
SALEUR H.<br />
SCHOMBLOND C.<br />
SEVRIN A.<br />
SKLYANIN E.<br />
SMIRNOV F.<br />
SPINDEL P.<br />
SPRINGAEL J.<br />
SUTHERLAND B.<br />
STAUDACHER M.<br />
TAKHTAJAN L.<br />
VAN MOERBEKE P.<br />
VOLKOV A.<br />
WIJNS A.<br />
YANG C.N.<br />
ZAMOLODCHIKOV A.<br />
ZAREMBO K.<br />
Institute for Theoretical Physics, New-York, USA<br />
Kyoto University, Japan<br />
Universidade do Algarve, Portugal<br />
Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium<br />
Max-Planck-Institut, Germany<br />
University of Leeds, United Kingdom<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
INFN Firenze, Italy<br />
Max-Planck-Institut, Potsdam, Germany<br />
University of Berkeley, USA<br />
Universidad Madrid, Spain<br />
CEA Saclay, France & University of Southern California,<br />
USA<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
University of York, United Kingdom<br />
Laboratoire de Physique théorique et Hautes Energies,<br />
Jussieu, France<br />
Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium<br />
University of Utah, USA<br />
Max-Planck-Institut, Potsdam Germany<br />
Stony Brook University, USA<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Chinese University of Hong Kong<br />
Rutgers University, USA<br />
Uppsala Universitet, Sweden<br />
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C O L L O Q U I A
C O L L O Q U I A<br />
« FROM MICRO - TO NANOELECTRONICS :<br />
A QUANTUM LEAP »<br />
Professor Klaus von KLITZING<br />
(Max-Planck-Institut für<br />
Festkörperforschung Stuttgart - Germany)<br />
Tuesday May 16, 2006<br />
Abstract<br />
“The scaling laws for the miniaturization of microelectronic<br />
devices break down if the wave nature and the discrete<br />
charge of electrons dominate the electronic properties.<br />
These quantum phenomena do not mark the end in the<br />
miniaturization of devices but open the possibility to<br />
create new devices with new functions where for example<br />
the energy quantization of electrons in confined structures,<br />
tunnel phenomena through barriers and single electron<br />
charging of small islands play an important role.<br />
The talk gives an overview about the physics, technology<br />
and application of semiconductor quantum structures and<br />
discusses some recent basic research activities of my group<br />
in this field.”<br />
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C O L L O Q U I A<br />
« THEMATIC MELODIES OF TWENTIETH<br />
CENTURY PHYSICS : QUANTIZATION,,<br />
SYMMETRY AND PHASE FACTOR »<br />
Professor C. N. YANG<br />
(Chinese University, Hong Kong & Tsinghua<br />
University, Beijing - China)<br />
Wednesday October 18, 2006<br />
Abstract<br />
“It has been said that the 20th century was the century of<br />
physics. There are ample reasons to support this statement:<br />
it was in that century that man discovered, for the first<br />
time since our ancestors discovered fire, the second and<br />
vastly stronger source of energy: nuclear power. It was in<br />
that century that man learned to manipulate electrons to<br />
create the transistor and the modern computer, transforming<br />
thereby human productivity and human lives. It was<br />
in that century that man learned how to probe into structures<br />
of atomic dimensions, discovering thereby the double-helix,<br />
a key to the secrets of life. It was in that century<br />
that man ceased to be earth-bound, taking first steps on<br />
the moon. In short, it was a century in which man made<br />
unprecedented progress on many fronts of human activities.<br />
And these progresses were largely ushered in by<br />
breathtaking advances in the science of physics.<br />
It is hard not to be impressed by the decisive roles that the<br />
climatic developments in 20th century physics had played<br />
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C O L L O Q U I A<br />
in human history. But decisive as they are in human history,<br />
they do not represent, in fact, the true glory of the development<br />
of the science of physics in the 20th century.<br />
The true glory of physics in the 20th century lay instead in<br />
the deepened understandings of important primordial<br />
concepts which date from the beginning of human civilization:<br />
that of space, of time, of motion, of energy, and of<br />
force.<br />
In all of these primordial concepts, there have been profound<br />
revolutions in our understanding, revolutions that<br />
had brought forth a more beautiful, more subtle, more precise<br />
and more unified description of nature.<br />
There have been in recent years studies of many aspects of<br />
the detailed history of twentieth century physics. It is not<br />
my purpose to delve into these subjects here.<br />
What I propose to do is instead to look into this history for<br />
the broad motifs of the developments, and to trace the<br />
three main strands that had persistently woven through its<br />
conceptual advances, appearing again and again in a<br />
variety of forms, singly or intertwined, like the thematic<br />
melodies of symphonic music. We shall see that these three<br />
melodies together define the tone and the flavour of the<br />
main developments of physics in the 20th century.”<br />
-84-
C O L L O Q U I A<br />
« THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN GENE-<br />
RAL RELATIVITY AND EXPERIMENT»<br />
Professor Clifford M. WILL<br />
(McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences,<br />
Department of Physics, Washington<br />
University, St. Louis - USA)<br />
Tuesday December 5, 2006<br />
Abstract<br />
“We review the experimental evidence for<br />
Einstein's general relativity. Tests of the<br />
Einstein Equivalence Principle support the<br />
postulates of curved spacetime, while<br />
solar-system experiments strongly<br />
confirm weak-field general relativity.<br />
We describe the status of the recently<br />
concluded Gravity Probe B gyroscope<br />
experiment. Binary pulsars provide tests<br />
of gravitational-wave damping and of<br />
strong-field general relativity. Recently operational laser<br />
interferometric gravitational-wave observatories, and a<br />
future space interferometer, may provide new tests via the<br />
properties of gravitational waves.”<br />
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Workshops, Conferences and Schools sponsored by the <strong>Institutes</strong>
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6 .
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
The aim of the conference was to give the audience an<br />
impression of theoretical aspects of chemical reactivity, as<br />
it can now be studied starting from the electronic structure<br />
of atoms, molecules,... using a variety of quantum mechanical<br />
methodologies. Both more fundamental and applied<br />
aspects (wave function vs. DFT reactivity descriptors, dynamics,<br />
aromaticity, organic and inorganic reactions, biosystems,<br />
zeolites, ...) have been addressed. For this purpose 13<br />
internationally renowned speakers have delivered talks (40<br />
minutes each) on various approaches/applications.<br />
Contributed lectures have been given by a selected number<br />
of foreign participants and representatives of a number of<br />
Belgian research groups. A poster session has given ample<br />
space and time for presentation of research results by all<br />
other participants.<br />
Themes:<br />
The sessions has covered the following topics:<br />
I. Aromaticity<br />
II. Reactivity - Conceptual DFT<br />
III. Dynamics<br />
IV. Biological Systems<br />
V. Catalysis<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
Organising Committee:<br />
Local Organising Committee:<br />
P. Geerlings (Brussels – VUB) (Chair)<br />
F. De Proft (Brussels – VUB)<br />
C. Van Alsenoy (Antwerp – UA)<br />
D. Lamoen (Antwerp – UA)<br />
M. Waroquier (Ghent – RUG)<br />
P. Bultinck (Ghent – RUG)<br />
J. Liévin (Brussels – ULB)<br />
R. Schoonheydt (Louvain – KUL)<br />
M.T. Nguyen (Louvain – KUL)<br />
PG. Boon<br />
A. Borgoo<br />
F. De Proft<br />
P. Geerlings<br />
S. Loverix<br />
G. Roos<br />
D. Sorgeloos<br />
G. Vandeperre<br />
Invited Speakers:<br />
P. von Ragué Schleyer (University of Georgia, Athens, USA)<br />
P. W. Fowler (University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom)<br />
J. Hutter (Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland)<br />
M. Sprik (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom)<br />
J.M.L. Martin (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot, Israel)<br />
R. G. Parr (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA)<br />
P. W. Ayers (McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada)<br />
P. K. Chattaraj (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India)<br />
M. Solà (Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain)<br />
D. A. Dixon (The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA)<br />
W. Domcke (Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Garching, Germany)<br />
U. Röthlisberger (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne, Switzerland)<br />
R.A. van Santen (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands)<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
Programme<br />
8h30 - 9h30<br />
Registration<br />
Wednesday,<br />
5 April 2006<br />
9h30 - 9h45 : Welcome address by :<br />
M. Henneaux, Director of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong><br />
P. Geerlings, Chair of the Scientific<br />
and Organising Committee<br />
Morning Session I:<br />
Chairman : P. Geerlings<br />
9h45 - 10h30 :<br />
Invited Lecture I1<br />
P. von Ragué Schleyer (University of<br />
Georgia, Athens, USA)<br />
“New,Superior Measures of Aromaticity”<br />
10h30 - 11h15 :<br />
Coffee Break<br />
Morning Session II:<br />
Chairman : P. Bultinck<br />
11h15 - 12h00 :<br />
Invited Lecture I2<br />
P. W. Fowler (University of Sheffield,<br />
Sheffield, United Kingdom)<br />
“Ring Currents and Aromaticity:<br />
Counting the Electrons that Count”<br />
12h00 - 12h25 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C1<br />
R. Ponec (Institute of Chemical<br />
Process Fundamentals, Czech<br />
Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic),<br />
P. Bultinck and R. Carbó-Dorca<br />
“Generalized Population Analysis as a<br />
Means to Quantify Aromaticity”<br />
12h25 - 14h00 :<br />
Lunch<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
Programme<br />
Wednesday,<br />
5 April 2006<br />
Afternoon Session I: Chairman : D. Lamoen<br />
14h00 - 14h45 : Invited Lecture I3<br />
J. Hutter (Universität Zürich, Zürich,<br />
Switzerland)<br />
“First Principles Simulations of<br />
Liquids and Solutions”<br />
14h45 - 15h30 :<br />
Invited Lecture I4<br />
M. Sprik (University of Cambridge,<br />
Cambridge, United Kingdom)<br />
“Redox Potentials and Reorganization<br />
Energies from Vertical Energy Gaps :<br />
Car-Parinello Implementation”<br />
15h30 - 15h55 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C2<br />
R. Pollet (Laboratoire Francis Perrin,<br />
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France),<br />
C. Boehme and D. Marx<br />
“Car-Parrinello Simulations of<br />
Desorption and Reactivity of Glycine<br />
at a Water-pyrite Interface at "ironsulfur<br />
world" Prebiotic Conditions”<br />
15h55 - 16h30 :<br />
Coffee Break<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
Programme<br />
Wednesday,<br />
5 April 2006<br />
Afternoon Session II: Chairman : C. Van Alsenoy<br />
16h30 - 17h15 : Invited Lecture I5<br />
J.M.L. Martin (Weizmann Institute of<br />
Science, Rechovot, Israel)<br />
“The Challenge ofTransition States in DFT”<br />
17h15 - 17h40 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C3<br />
K. Hemelsoet, V. Van Speybroeck, D.<br />
Moran, L. Radom and M. Waroquier<br />
(Center for Molecular Modeling,<br />
Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium)<br />
“Reactivity of Radical Reactions<br />
involving Polycyclic Aromatic<br />
Hydrocarbons”<br />
17h40 - 18h05 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C4<br />
Y. Simón-Manso, M. Marquez and C.<br />
Gonzalez, (Interdisciplinary Network<br />
of Emerging Sciences and Technology<br />
(INEST Group), PM-USA, Richmond,<br />
VA and Center for Theoretical and<br />
Computational Nanosciences,<br />
National Institute of Standards and<br />
Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD)<br />
“The Substituent Effects in the<br />
Context of Temperature-Dependent<br />
Density Functional Theory”<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
Programme<br />
Thursday,<br />
Sessions in Honour of Professor R. G. Parr's<br />
85th birthday<br />
6 April 2006<br />
8h30 - 8h40 :<br />
Introduction : F. De Proft<br />
Session I :<br />
Chairman : F. De Proft<br />
8h40 - 9h25 :<br />
Invited Lecture I6<br />
R. G. Parr (University of North Carolina,<br />
Chapel Hill, USA)<br />
“Some Comments on Molecular<br />
Density-Functional Theory”<br />
9h25 - 10h10 :<br />
Invited Lecture I7<br />
P. W. Ayers (McMaster University<br />
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada)<br />
“Why Does the Hard-Soft Acid-Base<br />
Principle Work ? Insights Obtained by<br />
Considering Acid (or Base) Exchange<br />
Reactions”<br />
10h10 - 10h40 :<br />
Coffee Break<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
Programme<br />
Thursday,<br />
6 April 2006<br />
Session II:<br />
10h40 - 11h25 :<br />
Chairman : W. J. Mortier<br />
Invited Lecture I8<br />
P. K. Chattaraj (Indian Institute of<br />
Technology, Kharagpur, India)<br />
“Excited State Reactivity in Static and<br />
Dynamic Situations”<br />
11h25 - 11h50 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C5<br />
O. Anatole von Lilienfeld and M. E.<br />
Tuckerman (Department of<br />
Chemistry, New York University,<br />
New York, USA)<br />
“Grand-canonical Ensemble Density<br />
Functional Theory for Nuclei and<br />
Electrons”<br />
11h50 - 12h15 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C6<br />
T. Leyssens, P. Geerlings and D. Peeters<br />
(Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain,<br />
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)<br />
“On the Importance of the External<br />
Potential on Group Electronegativity”<br />
12h15 - 14h00 :<br />
Lunch<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
Programme<br />
Afternoon Sesssion I:<br />
Chairman : M. Waroquier<br />
Thursday,<br />
6 April 2006<br />
14h00 - 14h45 :<br />
Invited Lecture I9<br />
M. Solà, F. Feixas, E. Matito and J.<br />
Poater (Universitat de Girona, Girona,<br />
Spain)<br />
“Electron Delocalization in<br />
Aromatic Molecules”<br />
14h45 - 15h10 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C7<br />
L. Joubert, M. Pavone, V. Barone and C.<br />
Adamo (Laboratoire d'Electrochimie<br />
et de Chimie Analytique, Ecole<br />
Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de<br />
Paris, France)<br />
“Static and Dynamic Quantum<br />
Chemical Topology: a Prototype SN2<br />
Reaction as a Test Case”<br />
15h10 - 15h35 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C8<br />
C. Morell, A. Grand and A. Toro-Labbé<br />
(CEA DRFMC/SCIB/LAN, Grenoble,<br />
France)<br />
“A New Dual Descriptor for<br />
Chemical Reactivity”<br />
15h35 - 16h05 :<br />
Coffee Break<br />
-97-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
Programme<br />
Thursday,<br />
6 April 2006<br />
Afternoon Session II: Chairman : M. T. Nguyen<br />
16h05 - 16h50 :<br />
Invited Lecture I10<br />
D. A. Dixon, S. Li, R. Craciun, M. H.<br />
Matus, D. j. Grant and M. T. Nguyen<br />
(The University of Alabama,<br />
Tuscaloosa, USA)<br />
“Computational Approaches to the<br />
Prediction of Reaction Kinetics for<br />
Chemical Hydrogen Storage and<br />
Catalysis”<br />
16h50 - 17h15 :<br />
17h15 - 17h40 :<br />
17h40 - 18h05 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C9<br />
M. V. Ganduglia-Pirovano, V. Brázdová,<br />
T. K. Todorova and J. Sauer (Institut für<br />
Chemie, Humboldt-Universität,<br />
Berlin, Germany)<br />
“Reducibility and Reactivity:<br />
Towards Understanding Properties<br />
and Functions of Supported Metal<br />
Oxide Catalysts”<br />
Contributed Lecture C10<br />
G. Heydenrych, J. Dillen and H.<br />
Raubenheimer (Department of<br />
Chemistry and Polymer Science,<br />
University of Stellenbosch, South<br />
Africa)<br />
“A DFT Study of the Catalytic<br />
Hydrocyanation of Ethylene”<br />
Contributed Lecture C11<br />
P. Sautet, D. Loffreda, F. Delbecq and F.<br />
Vigne (Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole<br />
Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France)<br />
“Catalytic Reactivity and Selectivity at<br />
Metal Surfaces from a DFT Approach”<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
Programme<br />
Morning Session I: Chairman : J. Liévin<br />
Friday,<br />
7 April 2006<br />
8h30 - 9h15 :<br />
Invited Lecture I11<br />
W. Domcke (Lehrstuhl für Theoretische<br />
Chemie, Garching, Germany) TBA<br />
9h15 - 9h40 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C12<br />
P. Mignon, S. Loverix, J. Steyaert and P.<br />
Geerlings (Center for Surface<br />
Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke<br />
Universiteit Leuven and General<br />
Chemistry Department (ALGC), Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel)<br />
“The Influence of the Aromatic<br />
Stacking Interaction on the H-<br />
Bonding Capacity in Biomolecules”<br />
9h40 - 10h05 :<br />
Contributed Lecture C13<br />
E. Broclawik, M. Radon and A. Rajjak<br />
Shaikh (Institute of Catalysis, Kraków,<br />
Poland)<br />
“Oxyferryl Active Site in Cytochrome<br />
CYP 3A4: Quantum Chemical study on<br />
Properties and Metabolism Mechanism”<br />
10h05 - 10h40 :<br />
Coffee Break<br />
-99-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
Programme<br />
Morning Session II : Chairman : R. Schoonheydt<br />
Friday,<br />
7 April 2006<br />
10h40 - 11h25 :<br />
Invited Lecture I12<br />
U. Röthlisberger (Ecole Polytechnique<br />
Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland)<br />
11h25 - 12h10 :<br />
Invited Lecture I13<br />
R.A. van Santen (Technische Universiteit<br />
Eindhoven,Eindhoven,The Netherlands)<br />
“Chemical Reactivity of Heterogeneous<br />
Catalysts”<br />
12h10 - 12h25 :<br />
Closing of the Conference<br />
-100-
A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
List of participants<br />
Name<br />
Institution<br />
AL MOKHTAR Lamsabhi<br />
ALFAIA Antonio<br />
ALTINBAS OZPINAR Gul<br />
ANDRES Juan<br />
AVIYENTE Viktorya<br />
AYERS Paul<br />
BALAWENDER Robert<br />
BALAZS Pinter<br />
BARAL PRAVAS Kumar<br />
BENNASSER Safi<br />
BERSKI Slawonir<br />
BLOCKHUYS Frank<br />
BOON Greet<br />
BORGOO Alex<br />
BOROWSKI Tomasz<br />
BOULANGER Marie-Laure<br />
BROCLAWIK Ewa<br />
BULTINCK Patrick<br />
CARBO-DORCA Ramon<br />
CAUET Emilie<br />
CHAMORRO Eduardo<br />
CHATTARAJ PRATIM Kumar<br />
CHERMETTE Henry<br />
CHEVREAU Hilaire<br />
CICAK Helena<br />
CINAR Zekiye<br />
CLIMA Sergiu<br />
DE COOMAN Hendrik<br />
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain<br />
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal<br />
Marmara University, Turkey<br />
Universidad Jaume I, Spain<br />
Bogazici University, Turkey<br />
Mc Master University, Canada<br />
Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy<br />
of Sciences, Poland<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Karl Franzens Universität, Austria<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
University of Wroclaw, Poland<br />
Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Cracow,<br />
Poland<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago - Chile<br />
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India<br />
Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France<br />
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris - France<br />
University of Zagreb, Croatia<br />
Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul - Turkey<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
DE DOBBELAERE Christopher<br />
DE MOOR Bart<br />
DE PROFT Frank<br />
DECLERCK Reinout<br />
DELEUZE Michael<br />
DILLEN Jan<br />
DIXON David<br />
DJAFFAR Kehffache<br />
DOMCKE Wolfgang<br />
ELANANY Mohamed<br />
FIAS Stijn<br />
FLEURAT-LESSARD Paul<br />
FOWLER Patrick<br />
FRANCOIS Jean-Pierre<br />
GANDUGLIA-PIROVANO Maria<br />
GEERLINGS Paul<br />
GENIX Pierre<br />
GHAMMAMY Shahriar<br />
GHYSELS An<br />
GOPINADHANPILLAI Gopakumar<br />
GRAND André<br />
GÜELL SERRA Mireia<br />
GURUSAMY Perumal<br />
HEMELSOET Karen<br />
HENDRICKX Marc<br />
HUTTER Juerg<br />
JANSSENS Sara<br />
JANSSENS Stoffel<br />
JOUBERT Laurent<br />
KILIC Murat<br />
KNIPPENBERG Stefan<br />
KRYACHKO Eugène<br />
LAMOEN Dirk<br />
Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
University of Stellenbosch, South Africa<br />
The University of Alabama, USA<br />
Université des Sciences et de la Technologie<br />
H. Boumedienne, Algeria<br />
Technische Universität München, Germany<br />
Université de Namur, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
ENS Lyon, France<br />
University of Sheffield, United Kingdom<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Bayer Cropscience, Lyon, France<br />
IKI University, Iran<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Commissariat à l’Energie atomique, Grenoble, France<br />
Universitat de Girona, Spain<br />
SRI S. Ramasamy Naidu Memorial College, India<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Universität Zürich, Switzerland<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Ecole Nationale Sup. De Chimie de Paris, France<br />
Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Université de Liège, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
LARSSON Per-Erik<br />
LESTHAEGHE David<br />
LEYSSENS Tom<br />
LIEVENS Peter<br />
LIEVIN Jacques<br />
LORIES Xavier<br />
LOVERIX Stefan<br />
MANCA Gabriele<br />
MARINI Alberto<br />
MARTIN J.M.L.<br />
MATITO E<br />
MIGNON Pierre<br />
MIHALIC Zlatko<br />
MINTMIRE John<br />
MITORAJ Mariusz<br />
MOENS Jean<br />
MONBALIU Jean-Christophe<br />
MORELL Christophe<br />
MORTIER Wilfried J.<br />
NGUYEN THANH Lam<br />
NGUYEN Vinh Son<br />
OLASZ Andras<br />
PARR R.G.<br />
PASSALACQUA Alessio<br />
PAUWELS Ewald<br />
PEETERS Daniel<br />
PHAM CAM Nam<br />
PIDKO Evgeny<br />
POATER Albert<br />
POATER Jordi<br />
POLLET Rodolphe<br />
POLO Victor<br />
PONEC Robert<br />
University of Bath, United Kingdom<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Università di Pisa, Italy<br />
Università di Pisa, Italy<br />
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel<br />
Universitat de Gerona, Spain<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
University of Zagreb, Croatia<br />
Oklahoma State University, USA<br />
Uniwersitytet Jagiellonski, Cracow, Poland<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
Commissariat à l’Energie atomique, Grenoble, France<br />
ExxonMobil Chemical Europe Inc., Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
BUTE Budapest Technical University, Hungary<br />
University of North Carolina, USA<br />
Università Di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands<br />
Universitat de Girona, Spain<br />
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands<br />
CEA Saclay, France<br />
Universidad Jaume I, Spain<br />
Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals<br />
Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n T h e o r e t i c a l<br />
RAMIREZ-CUESTA AJ<br />
RINSKOPF Nathalie<br />
ROBIETTE Raphaël<br />
ROETHLISBERGER Ursula<br />
ROOS Goedele<br />
SABBE Maarten<br />
SABLON Nick<br />
SADHEGI GARMAROUDI Babak<br />
SAUTET P.<br />
SCHINDLER Michael<br />
SCHOONHEYDT Robert<br />
SIMON-MANSO Yamil<br />
SOLA Miquel<br />
SPRIK Michiel<br />
STAELENS Nicolas<br />
STEVENS Franky<br />
SUWATTANAMALA Akapong<br />
TALIPOV Marat<br />
TERSAGO Karla<br />
TIELENS Frederik<br />
TORRENT-SUCARRAT Miquel<br />
VAECK Nathalie<br />
VAN ALSENOY Christian<br />
VAN CAUTER Karen<br />
VAN DAMME Sofie<br />
VAN ERP Titus<br />
VAN FLETEREN Diederik<br />
VAN NECK Dimitri<br />
VANOMMESLAEGHE Kenno<br />
VAN SANTEN Rutger A.<br />
VAN SPEYBROECK Véronique<br />
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium<br />
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Switzerland<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran<br />
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France<br />
BayerCrop Science Research, Germany<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
National Institute of Standards and Technology<br />
Gaithersburg, USA<br />
Universitat de Girona, Spain<br />
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom<br />
Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix<br />
(Namur), Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Universidade do Porto, Portugal<br />
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa, Russian Federation<br />
Universiteit Antwerp, Belgium<br />
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Antwerp, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Centre of Surface Science and Catalysis Heverlee,<br />
Belgium<br />
Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<br />
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
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A s p e c t s o f R e a c t i v i t y 5 - 7 A p r i l 2 0 0 6<br />
VANSTEENKISTE Peter<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
VELDEMAN Nele<br />
KULeuven, Belgium<br />
VERCAUTEREN Daniel<br />
Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix de<br />
Namur, Belgium<br />
VERDONCK Stijn<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
VON LILIENFELD-TOAL Otto Anatole New-York University, USA<br />
VON RAQUE SCHLEYER Paul University of Georgia, USA<br />
WAROQUIER Michel<br />
Universiteit Gent, Belgium<br />
YAZYEV Oleg<br />
Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie chimiques<br />
Lausanne, Switzerland<br />
ZAMANPOURNIAVARAN M. Teacher Training University Tehran, Iran<br />
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Doctoral School “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity”
Doctoral School “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity”<br />
In 2006, the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> have helped to launch an<br />
international advanced doctoral school on quantum field<br />
theory, strings and gravity, combining forces from the ULB,<br />
the VUB, the university of Amsterdam and various institutions<br />
in Paris led by the Ecole Normale Supérieure. [It is to<br />
be noted that this school is a module of the FNRS doctoral<br />
thematic school “Physique et Astrophysique” in the<br />
“Communauté Française de Belgique”.]<br />
In view of the remarkable success of the initiative, the<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> plan to continue to support<br />
the school and to provide grants to some of the best foreign<br />
students – in addition, of course, to supporting ULB and<br />
VUB participants – , fulfilling thereby a will of Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
to help promising beginning researchers.<br />
One of the driving forces behind the set up of the school<br />
has been ULB Professor Frank Ferrari, member of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>, who describes the project as follows.<br />
Genesis<br />
The most prestigious American Universities, like Princeton or<br />
Harvard, all have top-level Doctoral Schools. A large number<br />
of high-level courses are taught by the best Professors, to<br />
introduce the graduate students to the latest developments<br />
in research. This greatly enhances the ability of the students<br />
to understand their field at large, boosts their motivation,<br />
and helps them to become more mature and to acquire<br />
independence at an early stage. These Schools clearly play a<br />
leading rôle in the quality of research in the United States.<br />
They also act like powerful magnets to attract the best graduate<br />
students from around the world, in particular from<br />
Asia.<br />
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Doctoral School “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity”<br />
In the field of abstract theoretical/mathematical physics, the<br />
advantage given to the U.S.-trained researchers by the existence<br />
of these School is considerable. In this particular area<br />
of research, there exists a huge conceptual and technical gap<br />
between Masters-level studies and top-level research papers.<br />
The Schools aim at filling this gap, by providing introductions<br />
to advanced mathematical and theoretical concepts,<br />
that are essential in understanding current research, but<br />
cannot be taught at the undergraduate level.<br />
Organizing similar Schools in Europe has appeared to be<br />
extremely difficult. The main reason is the lack of a proper<br />
funding of European Universities compared to their<br />
American counterparts. It is usually very difficult to a<br />
European institution to allocate resources for organizing<br />
and teaching at such Schools, which are by nature attended<br />
by a limited number of students. These constraints have led<br />
us to consider organizing a School at the international level,<br />
building on the resources and expertises of several institutions,<br />
and allowing to enroll students on a much larger base.<br />
This idea is also in line with the Bologna philosophy, that<br />
encourages european universitities to collaborate in students<br />
training.<br />
The project was most welcomed in several leading institutions.<br />
It was decided that the School would last three<br />
months, with lectures given in École Normale Supérieure in<br />
Paris (one month), U.L. Brussels and V.U. Brussel (one month)<br />
and the U. of Amsterdam (one month). All the beginning graduate<br />
students of the participating groups would have to<br />
attend. Funding to cover the travel expenses of the students<br />
could be provided by research grants (including support<br />
from the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> for the ULB and VUB students), at<br />
least to help launch the project. The International Doctoral<br />
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Doctoral School “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity”<br />
School Paris/Brussels/Amsterdam on Quantum Field Theory,<br />
Strings and Gravity was born.<br />
The first year of operation<br />
The School was run for the first time during the fall of 2006.<br />
Many research laboratories, on top of the organizing institutions,<br />
have sent their students to attend the lectures (this<br />
includes, in France, École Polytechnique, the U. Pierre et Marie<br />
Curie, the U. Paris Sud, the Commissariat à l’Énergie<br />
Atomique, and several other laboratories ouside the Paris<br />
area ; in Switzerland, the E.T.H. Zürich). Overall, about 30 students<br />
attended 180 hours of lectures taught by 18 Professors<br />
in 3 different countries.<br />
The content of the lectures is chosen to take into account the<br />
most recent developments in research, and can thus vary<br />
from one year to the other. However, there is a large base of<br />
knowledge that will be taught each year, in order to maintain<br />
a high level of consistency and accessibility to beginning<br />
graduate students. This care in presenting the subjects in a<br />
consistent and accessible way is one of the main characteristic<br />
of the School, and distinguishes it sharply from the usual<br />
“Summer Schools”, which always focus on extremely specialized<br />
subjects and whose content changes entirely from one<br />
year to the other.<br />
On top of its training purposes, another aspect of the School<br />
that was particularly appreciated is to offer the students the<br />
possibility to meet leading researchers from neighbouring<br />
countries, to discuss their thesis projects in new stimulating<br />
environments, and to create early links with the young generation<br />
of european researchers in their field. We expect that<br />
this will help building synergies between the students home<br />
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Doctoral School “Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Gravity”<br />
institutions and will favour in a very efficient way fruitful<br />
collaborations within Europe.<br />
Future prospects<br />
In the future, we shall invite more institutions to send their<br />
students to the School (including K.U. Leuven, U. of Utrecht,<br />
some Colleges in London, etc…). The three-months structure<br />
with lectures given in Paris, Amsterdam and Brussels should<br />
remain unchanged.<br />
Finding proper funding will also be necessary, most importantly<br />
to pay for the students travelling and accomodation<br />
expenses. The help of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> is<br />
particularly precious. We shall also study the possible fundings<br />
from the European Commission in the new Framework<br />
Programme.<br />
Frank Ferrari<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s
S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
The list includes the seminars organized by the<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> as well as the seminars, discussion<br />
groups and journal clubs co-organized with the<br />
“Service de Physique théorique” of the ULB, the “Theoretical<br />
Particle Group” of the VUB and the “High Energy Physics<br />
and Relativistic Field Theory Group” of the KUL.<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
1. Algèbres d’endomorphismes et théories de jauge,<br />
Emmanuel Sérié (Paris XI, France) – January 24, 2006.<br />
2. Three dimensional Gödel spacetime, particles and black<br />
holes, Geoffrey Compère (ULB, Belgium) – January 25, 2006.<br />
3. Multiloop amplitudes in String and M-theory, Pierre<br />
Vanhove (CEA/Saclay, France) – February 8, 2006.<br />
4. Observations on cohomological sigma models, Giulio<br />
Bonelli (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) – February 14, 2006.<br />
5. On recent developments in topological brane theory,<br />
Giulio Bonelli (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) – February 15, 2006.<br />
6. Symmetric group in Poisson noise analysis, T. Hida<br />
(Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan) and Dr Si Si (Aichi<br />
Prefectural University, Japan) – February 15, 2006.<br />
7. Moduli Integrals, Ground Ring and Four-Point Function<br />
in Minimal String Theory, Alexander Belavin (Landau<br />
Institute, Russia) – February 15, 2006.<br />
8. Four dimensional supergravity coupled to scalar and<br />
tensor fields, Mario Trigiante (Torino Politecnico, Italy) –<br />
February 22, 2006.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
9. Warped throats and cascading gauge theories, Angel<br />
Uranga (Universidad autonoma de Madrid, Spain) –<br />
February 22, 2006.<br />
10. Introduction to GAMMA, Ulf Gran (KULeuven, Belgium) –<br />
March 1, 2006.<br />
11. Holographic Cosmology, Thomas Hertog (CERN,<br />
Switzerland) – March 1, 2006.<br />
12. Fun with fluxes, Frederik Denef (KULeuven, Belgium) –<br />
March 8, 2006.<br />
13. Bubbling AdS and Vacuum String Field Theory : a correspondence,<br />
Carlo Maccaferri (ULB, Belgium) – March 8, 2006.<br />
14. Time-like T-dualities and Triple-extended algebra’s,<br />
Arjan Keurentjes (VUB, Belgium) – March 15, 2006.<br />
15. D-branes on N=1 backgrounds: superpotentials and D-<br />
terms, Luca Martucci (KULeuven, Belgium) – March 15, 2006.<br />
16. Discussion on the new WMAP results – March 22, 2006.<br />
17. Aspects of topological M-Theory, Bengt Nilsson<br />
(Chalmers/Göteborgs Universitet, Sweden) – March 22,<br />
2006.<br />
18. Generalised Complex Geometry and Gauge/Gravity<br />
duality, Michela Petrini (LPTHE, Paris, France) – March 29,<br />
2006.<br />
19. Symmetries and Canonical Noncommutative<br />
Spacetime, Xavier Calmet (ULB, Belgium) – March 29, 2006.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
20. Perturbed 2D Quantum Gravity and Strings in Curved<br />
Space, Gastón Giribet (Universidad de Buenos Aires,<br />
Argentina) – April 5, 2006.<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
21. Analytic Solution for Tachyon Condensation in Open<br />
String Field Theory, Martin Schnabl (CERN, Switzerland) –<br />
April 19, 2006.<br />
22. On brane partons and singleton strings, Laura Tamassia<br />
(Uppsala Universitet, Sweden) – April 26, 2006.<br />
23. Supersymmetry in 10 Dimensions, Sven Kerstan<br />
(Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands) – April 26,<br />
2006.<br />
24. Holographic Wilson Loops, Filippo Passerini (KULeuven,<br />
Belgium) – May 3, 2006.<br />
25. Derivative corrections to the Born-Infeld action and N=2<br />
boundery superspace, A. Wijns (VUB, Belgium) – May 3, 2006.<br />
26. Geometric Transitions, Black Rings and the Black Hole<br />
Information Paradox, Iosif Bena (IAS Princeton, USA) – May 9,<br />
2006.<br />
27. Tits-Satake projections of homogeneous special geometries,<br />
J. Rosseel (KULeuven, Belgium) – May 10, 2006.<br />
28. On the Sasaki-Einstein/Gauge theory correspondence,<br />
Sergio Benvenuti (Università di Pisa, Italy) – May 10, 2006.<br />
29. Classification of supersymmetric backgrounds of string<br />
theory, D. Roest (King’s College London, United Kingdom) –<br />
May 17, 2006.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
30. Liouville time, RG flow and a cosmological solution,<br />
Domenico Orlando (Ecole Poliytechnique, France)– May 17,<br />
2006.<br />
31. Very Basic Supergravity, Dan Freedman (Massachussetts<br />
Institute of Technology, USA) – May 24 and June 2, 2006.<br />
32. Long Range Scattering for the Maxwell-Schroedinger<br />
System,Giorgio Velo (Università di Bologna,Italy) – June 2,2006.<br />
33. Exploring the Star Algebra of Open String Field Theory,<br />
Nazim Bouatta (ULB, Belgium) – June 14, 2006.<br />
34. On a Relation between Logarithmic Operators and<br />
Degenerate Representations of the Virasoro Algebra,<br />
Gastón Giribet (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina) –<br />
June 14, 2006.<br />
35. Constructing partition functions for non-Lagrangian<br />
dynamics: general methods and examples, Alexey Shaparov<br />
(Tomsk State University, USA) – September 14, 2006.<br />
36. Conformal Holography and an AdS Instanton, Sebastian<br />
de Haro (AEI Potsdam, Germany) – September 28, 2006.<br />
37. Twistor Strings and Supergravity, Mohab Abou Zeid<br />
(VUB, Belgium) – October 5, 2006.<br />
38. From Fundamental Strings to Small Black Holes, Miguel<br />
Costa (Universidade do Porto, Portugal) – October 26, 2006.<br />
39. Cosmology/Domain-wall correspondence, Kostas<br />
Skenderis (Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands) –<br />
November 9, 2006.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
40. Recoil and annihilation of low-dimensional D-branes,<br />
Oleg Evnin (VUB, Belgium) – November 9, 2006.<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
41. Interacting cubic vertices involving spin 3 fields and<br />
consistency of the deformed gauge algebra, Serge Leclercq<br />
(Université Mons-Hainaut, Belgium) – November 16, 2006.<br />
42. The exact numerical treatment of inflationary models,<br />
Christophe Ringeval (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) –<br />
November 16, 2006.<br />
43. Scaling cosmologies in Gauged Supergravity, Thomas<br />
Van Riet (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands) –<br />
November 23, 2006.<br />
44. Supergravity D-terms and D7 branes, Antoine Van<br />
Proeyen (KULeuven, Belgium) – November 23, 2006.<br />
45. Null deformed Domain Wall, Alessio Celi (Universidad<br />
de Barcelona, Spain) – November 30, 2006.<br />
46. N=1 domain wall solutions of massive type II supergravity<br />
as generalized geometries, Silvia Vaula (Universidad de<br />
Madrid, Spain) – November 30, 2006.<br />
47. Numerical computation of Kahler potential in N=1<br />
string compactifications, Michael Douglas (Rutgers<br />
University, USA) – December 7, 2006.<br />
48. Evolution of Bubbles in an Inhomogeneous Background –<br />
Does Inflation Always Win ?, Chethan Krishnan (ULB,<br />
Belgium) – December 7, 2006.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
49. Application of the entropy function formalism to extremal<br />
black holes in 4 and 5 dimensions, Jan Perz (Universität<br />
München, Germany) – December 14, 2006.<br />
50. A personal view of the discovery of color, O.W. Greenberg<br />
(Maryland University, USA) – December 21, 2006.<br />
51. Models of Vacuum Structure : Dark Energy, Inflation and<br />
Black Hole Evaporation, Robert Brout (ULB, Belgium) –<br />
December 21, 2006.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
Hundreds of scientists came to Brussels from all over the<br />
world to participate in the various activities organized by<br />
the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.These scientists are listed<br />
in the corresponding sections.<br />
V i s i t o r s<br />
i n 2 0 0 6<br />
The present section reviews only the scientific visits of<br />
researchers who came for longer periods and who received<br />
a research grant from the <strong>Institutes</strong>, starting first with the<br />
visits that took place in the context of cooperation agreements.<br />
Cooperation agreements<br />
In the context of the cooperation agreements signed by the<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> with the Centro de Estudios<br />
Científicos (Valdivia, Chile) and with the Lebedev Physical<br />
Institute in Moscow, the following scientists visited the<br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>:<br />
Date<br />
Visitors<br />
24 April – 21 May 2006 Prof. Maxim Grigoriev,<br />
22 September - Lebedev Physical<br />
22 October 2006 Institute, Moscow, Russia<br />
5 – 8 April 2006 Prof. Gastón Giribet, Universidad<br />
5 – 19 June 2006 de Buenos Aires, Argentina and<br />
Centro de Estudios Científicos,<br />
Valdivia, Chile<br />
The joint work that resulted from the collaborations with<br />
these institutions has led to published articles or preprints:<br />
1. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev - Parent Form for Higher Spin<br />
Fields on Anti-de Sitter Space - JHEP 0608: 013, 2006.<br />
2. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev – BRST Extension of the Non-<br />
Linear Unfolded Formalism – in "Quantum Theory and<br />
Symmetries IV, volume 2" - ed. V.K. Dobrev, Heron Press<br />
2006: 547-557.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
V i s i t o r s<br />
i n 2 0 0 6<br />
3. C. W. Bunster, S. Cnockaert, M. Henneaux, R. Portugues -<br />
Monopoles for Gravitation and for Higher Spin Fields -<br />
Phys. Rev. D73: 105014, 2006.<br />
4. M. Henneaux , C. Teitelboim – Electric-Magnetic Duality<br />
in Gravity – in “Deserfest: A Celebration of the Life and<br />
Works of Stanley Deser” – eds. J.T. Liu, M.J. Duff, K.S. Stelle<br />
and R.P. Woodard – World Scientific (Singapore: 2006).<br />
5. M. Henneaux, C. Martinez, R. Troncoso, J. Zanelli –<br />
Asymptotic Behavior and Hamiltonian Analysis of Anti-de<br />
Sitter Gravity coupled to Scalar Fields - e-Print Archive:<br />
hep-th/0603185.<br />
6. M. Grigoriev – Off-shell Gauge Fields From BRST<br />
Quantization - e-Print Archive: hep-th/0605089.<br />
7. Higher Spin Gauge Theories - R. Argurio, G. Barnich, G.<br />
Bonelli, M. Grigoriev eds, Proceedings of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Workshops and Symposia (n° 1), 2006 (197 pages).<br />
In the context of the cooperation agreements with the<br />
Meijo University at Nagoya (Japan), the following scientists<br />
visited the <strong>Institutes</strong>:<br />
Date<br />
Visitors<br />
12-18 February 2005 Prof. T. Hida<br />
Meijo University at Nagoya,<br />
Japan<br />
Prof. Si Si<br />
Aichi Prefectural University,<br />
Japan<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
Other visits<br />
Date<br />
Visitors<br />
12-19 February 2006 Prof. A.A. Belavin, Landau<br />
Institute, Moscow, Russia<br />
20-22 March 2006 Prof. Bengt Nilsson, Göteborg<br />
Universitet, Sweden<br />
4-14 July 2006 Prof. A. Gomberoff, Andrés<br />
Bello Universidad, Santiago, Chili<br />
4-9 July 2006 Dr. A. Kleinschmidt, Max-Planck-<br />
Institut, Potsdam, Germany<br />
2-30 September 2006 Prof. S. L. Lyakovich and Dr.<br />
A.A. Sharapov, Tomsk State<br />
University, Russia<br />
22-26 October 2006 Prof. Jan Troost, Ecole Normale<br />
Supérieure, Paris, France<br />
The joint work that resulted from these visits has led to<br />
published articles or preprints:<br />
8. M. Banados, G. Barnich, G. Compère, A. Gomberoff –<br />
Three Dimensional Origin of Goedel Spacetimes and Black<br />
holes – Phys. Rev. D73: 044006, 2006.<br />
9. S.L. Lyakhovich, A.A. Sharapov – Quantizing Non-<br />
Lagrangian Gauge Theories: An Augmentation Method - e-<br />
Print Archive: hep-th/0612086.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
Doctoral grant<br />
A long-term doctoral grant has been given to Luca Forte,<br />
from the University of Naples, to complete his doctoral<br />
training at the University of Brussels in the group of Marc<br />
Henneaux (period of stay: 1 May 2006 – 30 April 2007)<br />
10.L.A. Forte, A. Sciarrino - Standard and Non-Standard<br />
Extensions of Lie Algebras - J. Math. Phys. 47: 013513, 2006.<br />
Grants to Belgian scientists<br />
Grants have also been given to young scientists working<br />
in Belgium to participate in conferences or doctoral<br />
schools abroad: Cyril Closset, Daniel Persson, Nassiba Tabti<br />
and Vincent Wens.<br />
The pages that follow describe the research interests of<br />
the following visitors: Prof. M. Grigoriev, Prof. S.L. Lyakhovich<br />
and Mr L. Forte.<br />
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Research interests – Maxim Grigoriev<br />
The research activity during 2006 was mainly aimed at<br />
developing new general methods for constructing, quantizing<br />
and studying field theory models of direct physical<br />
interest. Among those models the focus was on Higher Spin<br />
(HS) gauge theories where standard methods appear not to<br />
be sufficiently powerful to handle a theory with an infinite<br />
number of fields and a sophisticated structure of gauge<br />
symmetries and auxiliary fields. The appealing feature of<br />
Higher Spin gauge theories is that the complete interacting<br />
theory is background independent and contains spin-2<br />
fields just like Einstein Gravity. This makes it particularly<br />
relevant in the context of (super)string and (super)gravity<br />
theories. Another related motivation for studying HS gauge<br />
theories has to do with the AdS/CFT correspondence where<br />
the emergence of the HS fields and HS symmetries seems<br />
inevitable.<br />
At the level of the free theory a number of concise formulations<br />
are well-known by now. However, once the interactions<br />
are turned on the non-Abelian structure of the theory<br />
appears to be highly involved in most of the formulations,<br />
in particular, because the Higher Spin interactions<br />
necessarily involve higher derivatives. The only known<br />
approach where the HS algebra is realized transparently is<br />
Vasiliev's unfolded formulation achieved at the price of<br />
introducing infinitely many auxiliary fields and gauge<br />
symmetries. Despite the considerable breakthrough in<br />
understanding the structure of HS theories provided by the<br />
unfolded framework, this formulation lacks a transparent<br />
realization of the Lagrangian structure. In particular, in the<br />
nonlinear theory the complete interacting theory is only<br />
known at the level of equations of motion. Moreover, the<br />
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relation between the unfolded formulation of the theory<br />
and more familiar approaches remains rather involved.<br />
First of all this concerns the well-known BRST first-quantized<br />
approach familiar in the context of String Field<br />
Theory. Putting both approaches into a unified framework<br />
is particularly crucial for understanding the relation<br />
between String theory and HS theory and also in the context<br />
of AdS/CFT correspondence.<br />
The aim of the current research activity is to construct a<br />
unified formulation which generalizes both the standard<br />
BRST first-quantized approach and Vasiliev's unfolded formalism.<br />
The first step in this direction (Barnich, Grigoriev,<br />
Semikhatov, Tipunin, 2004) was done by constructing a<br />
first order parent theory for any linear gauge theory on<br />
Minkowski space-time, whose various reductions reproduce<br />
both the standard BRST first-quantized formulation<br />
and the unfolded formulation. In 2006 the parent theory<br />
for free higher spin gauge fields on constant curvature<br />
spaces (Barnich, Grigoriev, 2006) has been proposed. As in<br />
the previously considered flat case, both the first-quantized<br />
BRST and Vasiliev's unfolded formulations can be reached<br />
by two different straightforward reductions. The parent<br />
theory itself is formulated using a higher dimensional<br />
embedding space and turns out to be geometrically<br />
extremely transparent and free of the intricacies of both of<br />
its reductions.<br />
In the nonlinear case, the BRST extension of the nonlinear<br />
unfolded formalism has been constructed and shown to<br />
correspond (Barnich, Grigoriev, 2005) to the non-<br />
Lagrangian version of the Alexandrov-Kontsevich-<br />
Schwartz-Zaboronsky procedure familiar in the context of<br />
topological theories. Using this approach the nonlinear<br />
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parent formulation for off-shell HS fields on an AdS background<br />
has been constructed (i.e., the formulation of constraints,<br />
gauge symmetries, gauge algebra, and Bianchi<br />
identities but without dynamical equations). It was shown<br />
that after linearization over the AdS solution, the theory<br />
takes the form of the off-shell version of the free parent<br />
theory constructed before (Grigoriev, 2006).<br />
The general pattern underlying the off-shell nonlinear theories<br />
of this type was also identified. Namely, it was shown<br />
that the equations of motion of the off-shell theory can be<br />
identified with the operator BFV-BRST master equation<br />
(nilpotency condition) for some quantum constrained system<br />
(Grigoriev, 2006). More precisely, the off-shell HS gauge<br />
theory (both on flat and AdS space) is described by the free<br />
scalar particle quantized in the framework of (the appropriately<br />
generalized) Fedosov quantization.<br />
The results obtained in 2006 have been published in the<br />
following papers:<br />
1. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev, “Parent form for higher<br />
spin fields on anti-de Sitter space,” JHEP 0608, 013<br />
(2006) [arXiv:hep-th/0602166].<br />
2. M. Grigoriev, “Off-shell gauge fields from BRST<br />
quantization,” arXiv:hep-th/0605089.<br />
These results were presented in a talk at the international<br />
conference “QUARKS-2006”, May 19-25, 2006, Repino,<br />
Russia.<br />
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They were also presented in the following seminar talks:<br />
1. October 14, 2006, Math. Department, Université<br />
Claude Bernard – Lyon I, France<br />
2. November 21, 2006, Scuola Normale Superiore,<br />
Pisa, Italy<br />
3. December 11, 2006, Scuola Internazionale<br />
Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy.<br />
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Research interests – Simon Lyakhovich<br />
QUANTIZING NON-LAGRANGIAN GAUGE THEORIES:<br />
AN AUGMENTATION METHOD<br />
S.L. LYAKHOVICH AND A.A. SHARAPOV<br />
Classical dynamics can be consistently formulated in terms<br />
of equations of motion alone. The variational principle,<br />
being a useful tool for studying various aspects of classical<br />
dynamics, is not needed to have the classical theory defined<br />
as such. Many of the field theory models arising in the context<br />
of modern high-energy physics are not Lagrangian; the<br />
list of examples includes the non-linear higher-spin gauge<br />
theories, higher-dimensional superconformal theories, selfdual<br />
gauge fields, etc.<br />
When the classical theory is to be promoted to the quantum<br />
level, it becomes insufficient to have only the classical<br />
equations of motion, one or another extra structure is<br />
needed. What is the extra structure depends on a particular<br />
quantization framework.<br />
To implement the deformation quantisation, the equations<br />
of motion should be first written in the (constrained)<br />
Hamiltonian form, and it is the Poisson structure which is<br />
the extra ingredient defining the quantisation. If the<br />
Poisson bracket is non-degenerate, the Hamiltonian equations<br />
can be brought to the variational form. It is the symplectic<br />
two-form, being the inverse to the Poisson tensor,<br />
that serves as an integrating multiplier for the inverse variational<br />
calculus problem. With degenerate Poisson bracket,<br />
the deformation quantisation still works well, although no<br />
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variational principle is possible anymore for these dynamics.<br />
In the field theoretical context, however, the deformation<br />
quantization approach is of a limited utility, for several<br />
reasons. In particular, it breaks relativistic covariance.<br />
Furthermore, for many field-theoretical models of a considerable<br />
physical interest are known neither actions nor<br />
Poisson structure. On the other hand, the path-integral<br />
quantization, being fully compatible with manifest relativistic<br />
covariance and space-time locality, suits well the<br />
needs of modern field theory. Till recently, the existence of<br />
the action principle has been considered as a necessary<br />
pre-requisite of the path-integral quantization. From this<br />
viewpoint, the path-integral quantization was more limited<br />
than the deformation quantisation, although for variational<br />
systems both methods are proved to be equivalent to<br />
each other.<br />
In our recent works, the latest of which has been finalized<br />
in the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>, we have expanded the framework<br />
of the path-integral quantization beyond the range of variational<br />
systems. The key point in this progress was the<br />
identification of a general structure, called the Lagrange<br />
anchor, which is determinative for the path-integral quantization<br />
in the same sense as the Poisson bracket defines<br />
deformation quantisation in terms of a star-product. The<br />
Lagrange anchor is a geometric object that can be interpreted<br />
in many different ways. In particular, whenever the<br />
classical equations of motion admit an integrating multiplier<br />
bringing them to the variational form, the Lagrange<br />
anchor is the inverse of this multiplier. The integrability<br />
conditions for the multiplier translate then to certain compatibility<br />
conditions between the Lagrange anchor and<br />
equations of motion. The crucial point is that these conditions<br />
do not require the Lagrange anchor to be invertible: in<br />
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contrast to the integrating multiplier, the anchor can be a<br />
degenerate operator that can also include space-time<br />
derivatives. So, the anchor may exist even when no integrating<br />
multiplier is admitted by the equations of motion,<br />
much like as a (degenerate) Poisson bracket is more general<br />
than the symplectic two-form. The key observation is<br />
that the Lagrange anchor allows one to construct an equation<br />
defining the quantum partition function for the<br />
dynamical system whose classical equations do not necessarily<br />
follow from the variational principle. This equation<br />
reduces to the Schwinger-Dyson equation (SDE) whenever<br />
the anchor is revertible, ensuring the classical action to<br />
exist. For the Lagrangian case, the partition function<br />
defined by the SDE is a Fourier transform of the Feynman<br />
probability amplitude, being the exponential of the classical<br />
action. For the non-Lagrangian theory, the corresponding<br />
amplitude is a more general distribution admitting<br />
different representations and interpretations that can be<br />
utilized for computing quantum mechanical effects in the<br />
non-Lagrangian systems. At first, by making use of the<br />
Lagrange anchor, the amplitude of the non-Lagrangian<br />
field theory in d dimensions can be brought to the form of<br />
the Feynman amplitude of the Lagrangian, topological field<br />
theory in d+1 dimensions. Another convenient representation<br />
for the amplitude is obtained with the help of an augmentation<br />
procedure. By this procedure, the originally non-<br />
Lagrangian field theory is absorbed by augmented<br />
Lagrangian theory on the same space-time manifold. The<br />
latter is not generally equivalent to the original one as it<br />
has more physical degrees of freedom than the original<br />
theory. However, the extra degrees of freedom are factorized<br />
out in a certain regular way both at classical and quantum<br />
levels.<br />
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The proposed path integral quantisation method gives also<br />
due regard to the gauge structure of the non-Lagrangian<br />
theory, which is more rich structure than that of the<br />
Lagrangian systems. In particular, in the non-Lagrangian<br />
case there is no pairing between gauge symmetry transformations<br />
and Noether identities, unlike Lagrangian theory.<br />
This nontrivial gauge structure can be still described well<br />
by proposed BRST complex that reduces to the standard BV<br />
field-antifield construction whenever the Lagrange anchor<br />
is invertible.<br />
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Research interests : Luca Antonio Forte<br />
I am interested in mathematical physics in its broad sense;<br />
in particular my research focuses now on certain infinite<br />
dimensional Lie algebras (called Borcherds-Kac-Moody<br />
algebras) and their application to classical and quantum<br />
physics. Kac-Moody algebras generalize the Lie algebras of<br />
the classical groups, but include also affine algebras and<br />
indefinite algebras. Affine algebras are also known as current<br />
algebras (or loop algebras) and found many applications<br />
in conformal field theory, integrable systems and statistical<br />
mechanics. Indefinite algebras are much more complicated<br />
and at the moment there are not many mathematical<br />
results about them. Hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras<br />
(a subclass of the indefinite ones) have recently found<br />
interesting applications in supergravity/string theories<br />
thanks to the work of M. Henneaux, T. Damour, H. Nicolai, F.<br />
Englert, L. Houart, P. West and others. Two cases which<br />
deserve more investigation are pure gravity in 4 dimensions<br />
and supergravity in 11 dimensions; these theories<br />
seem to be described by two hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras,<br />
A1 ++ and E8 ++:=E10 , respectively, whose Dynkin diagrams<br />
are:<br />
These algebras control the asymptotic limit of the two previously<br />
mentioned theories towards a cosmological singu-<br />
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larity. In particular, it has been shown that, in this limit, the<br />
dynamics of the two theories is equivalent to the motion of<br />
a massless particle bouncing off the walls of a billiard<br />
which is identified with the Weyl chamber of the A1 ++ and<br />
E10 . These billiards (all hyperbolic billiards) exhibit ergodic,<br />
mixing, chaotic behaviour from a classical point of view. I<br />
am currently studying what could be the approach to the<br />
quantum chaos in these billiards. It is natural to consider<br />
the quantization of this system trough the analysis of the<br />
Laplace-Beltrami operator defined in the billiard-domain<br />
with suitable boundary conditions. The eigenfunctions of<br />
the Laplacian have periodic (automorphic) properties with<br />
respect to the discrete group generated be the reflections<br />
through the walls of the billiard; this group coincides with<br />
the so-called Weyl group of the corresponding Kac-Moody<br />
algebra. Looking at the Weyl-Kac formula (denominator<br />
identity)<br />
one is tempted to use it to create automorphic functions,<br />
periodic with respect to the Weyl group. This is the case for<br />
some specific examples, as shown by Borcherds. This<br />
method would allow to find period solutions to the Laplace<br />
equations from the algebraic properties of the domain in<br />
which one wants to solve the problem. In principle, one<br />
could also try to interpret the multiciplities of imaginary<br />
roots of the Kac-Moody algebra in term of the spectrum of<br />
the Laplacian inside the Weyl chamber of the algebra and<br />
viceversa. Both problems are very interesting and not<br />
solved in any case.<br />
During my stay in Bruxelles, I have continued my research<br />
on (generalized) Kac-Moody algebras, benefiting a lot from<br />
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many discussions with the people in the research groups of<br />
F. Englert and M. Henneaux. The work begun in Napoli, with<br />
my master thesis, is fitting very well with the friendly and<br />
stimulating atmosphere of the Service de Physique<br />
théorique & mathématique. In particular, I am spending<br />
the last year of my Napoli PhD program here in Brussels,<br />
where I am also writing my PhD thesis. I am currently developing<br />
some ideas born in Napoli and matured here under<br />
the grant given to me and the freedom allowed to me by<br />
the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
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o f t h e D i r e c t o r a n d o f t h e D e p u t y D i r e c t o r
R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
Their scientific activities have been supported by research<br />
funds from the FNRS, the FWO, the IISN (convention<br />
4.4505.86), the “Interuniversity Attraction Poles<br />
Programme – Belgian Science Policy” and the European<br />
Commission FP6 programme MRTN-CT-2004-005104.<br />
MEMBERS<br />
Permanent Members:<br />
Riccardo Argurio (FNRS/ULB)<br />
Glenn Barnich (FNRS/ULB)<br />
Ben Craps (VUB)<br />
Frank Ferrari (ULB)<br />
Marc Henneaux (ULB)<br />
Laurent Houart (FNRS/ULB)<br />
Franklin Lambert (VUB)<br />
Micheline Musette (FWO/VUB)<br />
Alexander Sevrin (VUB)<br />
Postdoctoral Members:<br />
Mohab Abou Zeid (PAI-IUAP/VUB)<br />
Francesco Bigazzi (FNRS/ULB)<br />
Thomas Durt (FWO/VUB)<br />
The groups of the Director and of the Deputy Director are<br />
respectively affiliated with the ULB (“Physique théorique et<br />
mathématique”) and the VUB (“Theoretische Natuurkunde”).<br />
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Oleg Evnin (VUB)<br />
Jarah Evslin (PAI-IUAP/ULB)<br />
Arjan Keurentjes (FWO/VUB)<br />
Chethan Krishnan (<strong>Solvay</strong>/ULB)<br />
Stanislav Kuperstein (PAI-IUAP/ULB)<br />
Ignace Loris (FWO/VUB)<br />
Carlo Maccaferri (PAI-IUAP/ULB & EC/VUB)<br />
Louis Paulot (IISN/ULB)<br />
Caroline Verhoeven (FWO/VUB)<br />
Alexander Volkov (VUB)<br />
Doctoral Students:<br />
Nazim Bouatta (ULB)<br />
Sandrine Cnockaert (ULB)<br />
S. Colin (VUB)<br />
Geoffrey Compère (ULB)<br />
Cyril Closset (ULB)<br />
Sophie de Buyl (ULB)<br />
Luca Forte (ULB & Naples)<br />
Ella Jamsin (ULB)<br />
F. Melakessou (VUB)<br />
Stijn Nevens (VUB)<br />
Domenico Orlando (VUB)<br />
Daniel Persson (ULB)<br />
Nassiba Tabti (ULB)<br />
Dimitri Terijn (VUB)<br />
Vincent Wens (ULB)<br />
Alexander Wijns (VUB)<br />
Robert Brout (ULB) and François Englert (ULB), Honorary<br />
Members of the <strong>Institutes</strong> since March 2004 and 2004 Wolf<br />
Prizes for Physics, collaborate with the groups.<br />
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Research Summary<br />
Research in mathematical physics (i.e., theoretical physics<br />
with a strong mathematical content) has continued to be<br />
pursued along two main, inter-connected, directions: one is<br />
the investigation of Einstein’s theory of gravity and its generalizations<br />
(supergravity, string theory and M-theory); the<br />
other is the study of a variety of topics related to nonlinear<br />
dynamical systems, ranging from completely integrable<br />
classical systems and quantum integrable lattices to nonintegrable<br />
complex systems.<br />
Gravitation<br />
Of all the fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation,<br />
weak and strong nuclear forces), gravity remains the<br />
most mysterious. In spite of its remarkable successes,<br />
Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which has led to an<br />
unprecedented geometrization of physics, is an unfinished<br />
revolution. The group has a long-standing interest in<br />
quantum gravity, quantum field theory, string theory and<br />
M-theory, black holes, cosmology, the cosmological constant<br />
problem (“dark energy”) and the novel mathematical<br />
structures underlying these questions.<br />
Hidden symmetries of theories containing gravity<br />
A question that has continued to be of central interest in<br />
2006 is the following: string theory offers the best hope to<br />
marry consistently Einstein’s theory of gravity with quantum<br />
mechanics. However, we still have a very poor understanding<br />
of what string theory actually is. In particular, we<br />
do not know what its fundamental equations are (compa-<br />
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rable to, say, the Maxwell equations for electromagnetism<br />
or the Einstein equations for gravity). Our understanding is<br />
based on perturbative arguments, supplemented by the<br />
remarkable insight provided by dualities (which have led to<br />
“M-theory"). It is generally believed that progress in this<br />
area will be made if one correctly identifies the fundamental<br />
symmetries underlying string theory.<br />
It has long been suspected that infinite-dimensional Kac-<br />
Moody algebras of Lorentzian type (beyond the affine case)<br />
should play an important role in this context. The evidence<br />
came from the unanticipated emergence of large symmetry<br />
groups in the toroidal dimensional compactification of<br />
supergravity theories (which describe the low energy limit<br />
of string models) as well as from the structure of the string<br />
duality groups. Recently, a new impulse to the subject has<br />
been provided by the study of the so-called BKL limit of<br />
gravitational theories in the vicinity of a spacelike singularity,<br />
in which Weyl groups of Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras<br />
of the type mentioned above naturally appear.<br />
We have continued our investigations in this area. In particular,<br />
we have analysed the implications of the infinite<br />
symmetry E10 for the cosmological solutions of elevendimensional<br />
supergravity. We have given a group-theoretical<br />
interpretation to solutions found previously and have<br />
derived new solutions connected with S-branes. We have<br />
also investigated monopole sources and electric-magnetic<br />
duality (which is part of the E10 symmetry) for the gravitational<br />
field. A related subject of research, on which we have<br />
brought new light on various aspects, has been higher spin<br />
field gauge theories, which naturally appear when studying<br />
the realization of these infinite-dimensional algebras.<br />
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D-branes<br />
Our research has also focused on the solitonic excitations<br />
of string theory, called D-branes. In the last years, these<br />
have come to play an increasingly prominent role. A fascinating<br />
aspect of D-branes is their close relation to gauge<br />
theories. The effective low energy dynamics of D-branes is<br />
described by a Born-Infeld theory. While the Born-Infeld<br />
action is known to all orders in the abelian case (describing<br />
a single D-brane), it is not known yet in the non-abelian<br />
case (describing two or more coinciding D-branes).<br />
We have pursued our investigations of various properties of<br />
D- and M-branes. In particular, our research efforts have<br />
been directed towards acquiring a better understanding of<br />
systems consisting of multiple coinciding D-branes. Besides<br />
this we have investigated some geometric features of D-branes.<br />
String cosmology<br />
We have also developed an active interest in string inspired<br />
cosmology. One of the central questions being investigated<br />
is how to resolve cosmological singularities in the context<br />
of string theory. We have also continued our research on<br />
the cosmological constant problem and dark energy, which<br />
remain puzzles within string theory.<br />
Supersymmetry and supersymmetric gauge theories<br />
Finally, we also have a long running interest in supersymmetric<br />
field theories with 4 or more supercharges, their offshell<br />
formulation, their relation to complex geometry and<br />
the restrictions supersymmetry imposes on the effective<br />
quantum theory. We have also pursued the investigation of<br />
the remarkable gauge-string duality.<br />
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Black holes<br />
We have also continued our investigation of black hole<br />
physics. In particular, we have studied black holes in Goedel<br />
spacetimes and the structure of spacetime infinity in various<br />
contexts.<br />
Nonlinear dynamics, solitons and<br />
integrability<br />
The study of nonlinear integrable models is important for<br />
several reasons. From the fundamental point of view, these<br />
models can be seen as a laboratory in which new concepts<br />
are discovered, the significance of which reaches far<br />
beyond the truly “integrable” domain. One such concept is<br />
that of the soliton, which arised originally in 1+1 dimensional<br />
reductions of 2+1 dimensional integrable models.<br />
The ongoing research activity on integrable models, in the<br />
classical as well as in the quantum context, has been concentrated<br />
on the following topics:<br />
• The longstanding problem of how to develop a “direct”<br />
and algorithmic procedure for the construction of<br />
classical soliton equations as members of infinite<br />
hierarchies, and for the disclosure of their principal<br />
integrability features.<br />
• The study of the extent to which soliton instabilities<br />
in 1+1 dimensional models may lead to a loss of<br />
predictability in spite of the integrability of the model,<br />
and to the occurence of complex multisoliton<br />
interactions.<br />
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• The construction of discrete alternatives to continuous<br />
integrable systems, and their similarity reductions.<br />
• The problem of obtaining a better understanding of<br />
the notion of complete integrability in the quantum<br />
context.<br />
The 2006 results in this area may be summarized<br />
as follows.<br />
• We refined the algorithmic procedure that we<br />
developed for the construction of the subsequent<br />
members of the KP and mKP hierarchies, so as to<br />
obtain canonical bilinear forms from which the full<br />
reduced hierarchies can be derived (with their<br />
recursion operator and their bi-hamiltonian<br />
structure). This led to a new bilinear form for the<br />
sine-Gordon equation, producing non-standard<br />
solutions.<br />
• We confirmed the existence of soliton resonances<br />
for the KP and CKP equation. Such resonances are<br />
known to be responsible for instabilities and<br />
inelastic multisoliton interactions. KP and CKP were<br />
shown to admit “spider web solutions” which<br />
exhibit interaction patterns of unexpected<br />
complexity.<br />
• Our study of particular hamiltonian systems (of<br />
generalized Hénon-Heiles type) related to soliton<br />
equations by “stationary” reduction produced new<br />
insight into the difference between the concepts of<br />
Liouville and Painlevé integrability. This research<br />
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was conducted in collaboration with members of<br />
the University of Kent at Canterbury.<br />
• We established a link between discrete versions of<br />
the Painlevé equations (PI – PVI) and a particular<br />
family of two dimensional mappings that had been<br />
overlooked. We showed in collaboration with a<br />
group of the University of Paris VII-XI that ultradiscretization<br />
of systems with limit cycli can give<br />
valuable insight into the structure of such cycli for<br />
discrete dynamical systems.<br />
• We also obtained new insight into quantum<br />
integrability by extending the theory of Hirota’s<br />
bilinear lattice equation in the spirit of the thermodynamical<br />
Bethe ansatz. We managed to construct a<br />
manifestly 3-dimensional alternative to the existing<br />
Zakharov-Shabat formulation of this fundamental<br />
integrable model, and extended the proof of<br />
Zamolodchikov’s periodicity conjecture.<br />
Fundamental and applied aspects of<br />
theory<br />
quantum<br />
The group also continued its investigation of the potentialities<br />
of quantum theory with regard to applications in the<br />
field of quantum information. Various new results were<br />
obtained on “quantum tomography” : the art of estimating<br />
the state of a given quantum system (estimation of the<br />
coefficients of the density matrix). We succeded, in particular,<br />
to realize NMR entanglement assisted tomography<br />
experimentally, in collaboration with researchers of the<br />
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National University of Singapore. More fundamental<br />
aspects of quantum theory were also investigated, such as<br />
the interrelation between super selection rules and symmetries<br />
in quantum field theories. This work was done in<br />
collaboration with members of the Perimeter Institute in<br />
Canada.<br />
The research activity of the two groups in 2006 has resulted<br />
in 41 publications and 28 preprints as indicated in the publication<br />
list given below.<br />
Theses<br />
3 PhD theses have been successfully completed in 2006:<br />
Sandrine Cnockaert, Higher Spin Gauge Field Theories.<br />
Aspects of duality and interactions, 5 May 2006 (ULB)<br />
Sophie de Buyl, Kac-Moody Algebras in M-theory, 15 June<br />
2006 (ULB)<br />
Stijn Nevens, Higher Derivative Corrections to the Abelian<br />
Born-Infeld Action using Superspace Methods, 22<br />
September 2006 (VUB)<br />
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Research Interests – Sophie de Buyl<br />
One of the main challenges of contemporary physics is the<br />
unification of the four fundamental interactions. On the<br />
one hand, the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions<br />
have been unified in the general framework of quantum<br />
field theory, within the Standard Model. Our understanding<br />
of these interactions relies on particular finitedimensional<br />
simple Lie algebras though the Yang-Mills<br />
construction. On the other hand, Einstein’s General<br />
Relativity is currently the best description of the gravitational<br />
interaction. It is a classical theory, and as such cannot<br />
be applied to energy scales larger than the Planck energy.<br />
Such extreme situations are encountered in the center of<br />
black holes or at the origin of the universe. This situation is<br />
clearly not satisfactory and a theory encompassing all fundamental<br />
interactions must be found. The major problem<br />
in this quest is to formulate a quantum theory of the gravitational<br />
interaction. So far, the most promising candidate<br />
for such a unification is M-theory, a hypothetic theory that<br />
is supposed to contain all superstring theories in different<br />
limits as well as its conjectured low energy limit, eleven<br />
dimensional supergravity. A powerful guide for the formulation<br />
of theories is the<br />
knowledge of their<br />
symmetries. For the<br />
gravitational interaction,<br />
there are some<br />
indications that infinite<br />
dimensional Lie<br />
algebras (Kac-Moody<br />
algebras) might have a<br />
role to play.<br />
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One of the reasons to think that infinite-dimensional<br />
Kac-Moody algebras could be symmetries of gravitational<br />
theories comes from Cosmological Billiards, which<br />
shed a new light on the work of Belinskii, Khalatnikov<br />
and Lifshitz (BKL). BKL gave a description of the asymptotic<br />
behaviour, near a space-like singularity, of the general<br />
solution of Einstein's empty spacetime equations in<br />
D=4. They argued that, in the vicinity of a space-like singularity,<br />
Einstein's equations - which are a system of<br />
partial differential equations in 4 variables (t, xi ) - can<br />
be approximated by a 3-dimensional family, parametrised<br />
by (xi), of ordinary differential equations with<br />
respect to the time variable. This means that the spatial<br />
points effectively decouple. Using Hamiltonian methods,<br />
these chaotic successions have been shown to possess<br />
an interpretation in terms of a billiard motion on<br />
the Poincaré disk. More recently, the billiard interpretation<br />
has been generalised to any spacetime dimensions<br />
and p-form field. The remarkable result obtained thanks<br />
to this work is that when one studies very specific theories,<br />
the shape of the billiard happens to be the fundamental<br />
Weyl chamber of some Lorentzian Kac-Moody<br />
algebra. For instance, this is true for pure gravity in D
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In the Kasner-like case, the BKL asymptotic behaviour has<br />
been rigorously proven. Indeed, the Einsteins equations<br />
have been rewritten, for variables u which are the differences<br />
between a Kasner regime and the exact solution, in<br />
terms of a Fuchsian system<br />
where the matrix A(x) is required to satisfy some positivity<br />
condition, while the “source term” f on the right hand side<br />
is required to be “regular”. The basic property of Fuchsian<br />
systems that we shall use is that there is a unique solution<br />
to the Fuchsian equation which vanishes as t tends to zero.<br />
I am interested in giving a similar formulation in the chaotic<br />
case, the main difficulty coming from the fact that now<br />
there exists no analytic expression for the asymptotic solution.<br />
This formulation could be enlightening for the structure<br />
that is kept asymptotically, for instance the metric<br />
might reduce to a flag.<br />
The main interest of these Cosmological Billiards is certainly<br />
the fact that they reveal some Kac-Moody algebras. A pessimist<br />
would think that these algebras are only relevant in<br />
this limit while an optimist will take this as a signal of a<br />
more fundamental symmetry of the gravitational interaction.<br />
A natural question to decide if the optimist or the pessimist<br />
is right is therefore: is it possible to make this symmetry<br />
manifest? The construction of theories explicitly<br />
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invariant under some KM algebras is a way of tackling this<br />
problem. If one focuses on 11 dimensional supergravity, the<br />
idea is to construct a theory invariant under E10 or E11.<br />
Indeed E10 -the overextension of the finite dimensional<br />
simple Lie algebra E8 - is the KM algebra controlling the<br />
asymptotic behaviour of eleven dimensional supergravity<br />
in the vicinity of a space-like singularity and E11 – the very<br />
extension of E8 – will give a more covariant formulation of<br />
the theory. The Dynkin diagram of E11 is,<br />
and the one of E10 is obtained by deleting the node labelled 1.<br />
Inspired by the ``hidden symmetries'' in D=3, the KM invariant<br />
actions have been constructed as geodesic motion on<br />
the coset space E10/K(E10) (or E11/K(E11)). These actions contain<br />
an infinite number of fields and only the lowest ‘level’<br />
fields have been interpreted as supergravity fields at a<br />
given spatial point. A nice feature in that construction is<br />
that space(time) is not a basic ingredient, rather it is hoped<br />
to be encoded in the dynamics. A first step to see how<br />
space-time could emerge can be to seek solutions to the<br />
Kac–Moody invariant actions that are identifiable as supergravity<br />
solutions depending on two space-time coordinates.<br />
Understanding how the ‘hidden’ E9 affine symmetry<br />
of D=11 supergravity acts from the point of view of the E10-<br />
invariant actions could provide a way of finding the spatial<br />
dependence. A better understanding of infinite–dimensional<br />
subalgebras would be of great importance in that<br />
context. In this infinite number of fields, there are tensors<br />
with the correct index structure to be the spatial derivative<br />
of all the lowest ‘level’ fields. The higher ‘level’ fields may<br />
also be interpreted as candidates for higher spin fields<br />
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because of their index structure and some of the fields<br />
might be auxiliary fields. It is possible that the KM invariant<br />
formulation is only a very complicated way of describing<br />
eleven dimensional supergravity in which there are<br />
infinitely many dual fields associated to each field.<br />
Recently, some very promising results have also been<br />
obtained regarding the incorporation of quantum corrections<br />
into the structure of the Kac–Moody algebras related<br />
to string and M–theory. This opens up the tantalising possibility<br />
that M–theoretical corrections are encoded in E10 and<br />
this would tell us that the Kac-Moody invariant formulation<br />
is deeper than a complicated version of supergravity.<br />
The current proposals are certainly too naïve to be the final<br />
answer but it seems that Kac-Moody algebras have a role to<br />
play. The non-linear realisation of E10 or E11 could be a new<br />
piece in the M-theory puzzle.<br />
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Research interests – Daniel Persson<br />
One of the major themes in theoretical high energy physics<br />
during the last century has been the concept of symmetry.<br />
The natural starting point for understanding a physical<br />
theory is to ask what kind of symmetries the theory might<br />
have because knowledge about the group structure of the<br />
Lagrangian for the theory is invaluable for a complete characterization<br />
of the dynamics.<br />
My research is based on asking exactly these questions in<br />
the context of string theory, which is an attempt at constructing<br />
a physical theory that unifies the laws of gravity<br />
with the laws of quantum mechanics. At this point, string<br />
theory is only well understood in its low energy limit, where<br />
it can be described by an ordinary effective field theory. One<br />
way to probe string theory beyond this limit is to investigate<br />
the symmetries of the low energy description and<br />
then use this to gain information about the full theory,<br />
whose symmetry group is expected to contain the symmetry<br />
of the low-energy theory as a subgroup.<br />
M-theory Cosmology and E10<br />
There are indications that the infinite-dimensional Kac-<br />
Moody algebra E10 should play an important role in understanding<br />
the underlying symmetry of string and M-theory.<br />
One of the main motivations behind this claim comes from<br />
studying the behaviour of M-theory close to a big bangtype<br />
singularity. It turns out that in this limit the dynamics<br />
has an alternative description in terms of a billiard motion<br />
in a space with negative curvature bounded by hyperplanes,<br />
called walls. The collisions against the billiard walls<br />
are geometric reflections which form a discrete reflection<br />
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group known as a Coxeter group. Coxeter groups have been<br />
well known to mathematicians for centuries as the discrete<br />
groups describing the symmetries of regular polytopes,<br />
such as the equilateral triangle or the square, and of the<br />
Platonic solids, such as the pyramid or the cube. To physicists,<br />
Coxeter groups are more commonly known as the<br />
Weyl groups describing the reflections in the roots of a Lie<br />
algebra. The appearance of Coxeter groups in the cosmological<br />
limit of gravity might therefore signal the existence<br />
of a large Lie algebra symmetry in the theory. For the case of<br />
M-theory the Coxeter group in question is precisely the<br />
Weyl group of E10, thus hinting at the possibility that the<br />
full E10 algebra is a hidden symmetry of the theory.<br />
Geometric Configurations and Subalgebras of E10<br />
In our paper “Geometric configurations, regular subalgebras<br />
of E10 and M-theory cosmology” (w. M. Henneaux, M.<br />
Leston and P. Spindel) we analyzed the correspondence<br />
between E10 and the cosmological regime of M-theory<br />
from a new perspective. It was known before that cosmological<br />
solutions of M-theory can be encoded in so-called<br />
geometric configurations. These are a set of points and<br />
lines drawn on a plane following certain predetermined<br />
rules. The connection to M-theory is such that each line in a<br />
configuration becomes associated to an electric field component<br />
in the gravitational solution. In our work we<br />
showed that because of this correspondence there is a<br />
duality between subalgebras of E10 and geometric configurations.<br />
Moreover it is customary to describe Lie algebras in<br />
terms of geometric figures called Dynkin diagrams and<br />
hence it follows that our result reveals a duality between<br />
two completely different kinds of geometric figures, name-<br />
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ly geometric configurations and Dynkin diagrams.<br />
A famous example of a geometric configuration is the<br />
Desargues configuration constructed by the 17th century<br />
French mathematician Gérard Desargues with the purpose<br />
of proving a theorem in geometry. We found that this configuration<br />
is dual to another famous configuration known<br />
as the Petersen graph , found by the 19th century Danish<br />
mathematician Julius Petersen. We can understand the<br />
duality in the following way: the Desargues configuration<br />
encodes the properties of a certain cosmological solution<br />
to eleven-dimensional supergravity and the Petersen graph<br />
is the Dynkin diagram describing the subgroup of E10 on<br />
which the particle dynamics reproduce the gravitational<br />
solution in question.<br />
The duality between configurations and Dynkin diagrams<br />
revealed a new class of Coxeter subgroups of the Weyl<br />
group of E10. In a follow up paper, entitled “A Special Class<br />
of Rank 10 and 11 Coxeter Groups”, we extended our previous<br />
results and classified all Coxeter groups of the same<br />
type. These subgroups are rare within E10, so it is satisfactory<br />
to have such a concrete way of constructing them.<br />
The Desargues configuration.<br />
Future Prospects<br />
An immediate extension of our results is to further make<br />
use of the correspondence between E10 and M-theory within<br />
the present region of validity, for example by constructing<br />
more complicated M-theory solutions by exploiting<br />
the integrability of the Kac-Moody invariant Lagrangians.<br />
The Petersen graph.<br />
At a more fundamental level it is essential to understand<br />
the role of the infinite number of fields originating from<br />
the Kac-Moody algebras. These are believed to incorporate<br />
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M-theoretic degrees of freedom beyond the supergravity<br />
limit. One intriguing possibility is that the infinite tower of<br />
fields should be interpreted as a kind of Taylor expansion in<br />
spatial derivatives, similar to the unfolding phenomenon<br />
occurring in higher spin theories.<br />
To conclude, I feel that although some progress has been<br />
made, the deep connections between Kac-Moody algebras<br />
and String/M-theory still remains to be understood and it<br />
is important to further pursue active research in these<br />
directions.<br />
Another pressing issue, also related to the previous paragraph,<br />
is to investigate whether or not the E10 model is big<br />
enough to incorporate higher order quantum corrections.<br />
Perhaps the best way to approach this problem is to start<br />
from the theory compactified to three spacetime dimensions<br />
where the E8 symmetry becomes manifest. If one can<br />
find a way to relate for example curvature corrections to<br />
higher order invariants of E8 it might be possible to extrapolate<br />
these results to the full E10 case, and hence to obtain<br />
information about the compatibility between E10 and<br />
higher order corrections to eleven-dimensional supergravity.<br />
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Research interests – Alexander Wijns<br />
High energy physics is the part of fundamental physics that<br />
is concerned with the laws of nature at distances smaller<br />
than the radius of the proton. Traditionally this effectively<br />
involves only three of the four known forces of nature,<br />
namely the weak and strong nuclear forces, and electromagnetism.<br />
This is because the gravitational force is much<br />
weaker than the other forces, so that in every practical<br />
sense, it plays no role in the description of microscopic phenomena.<br />
At least this is the case here on earth. According to<br />
the general theory of relativity, gravity is a consequence of<br />
the curvature of space-time caused by the presence of matter<br />
(or energy), but even in the neighbourhood of the sun,<br />
this curvature is too small to have any essential influence<br />
on microscopic phenomena. There are, however, circumstances<br />
in which the curvature of space-time becomes so<br />
large or the energy so high, that gravity becomes an equal<br />
competitor to the other forces. This would be the case in the<br />
neighbourhood of a black hole or right after the big bang.<br />
In these circumstances general relativity breaks down and<br />
one needs a quantum mechanical theory of gravity to really<br />
understand the situation. This however turns out to be<br />
notoriously difficult, since general relativity and quantum<br />
mechanics are fundamentally incompatible. It is even<br />
quite thinkable that the forces as we know them cease to<br />
exist as such at very high energies (which means short distances)<br />
and become part of a very different picture, which<br />
only starts resembling our world at sufficiently ‘large’ distances.<br />
This very different picture would be part of an even<br />
more fundamental theory, the most successful candidate<br />
for such a theory being string theory.<br />
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In string theory, elementary particles such as electrons,<br />
quarks and photons are actually tiny vibrating strings, so<br />
tiny even that with our current technology, on would have<br />
to build a particle accelerator bigger than the solar system<br />
to acquire the energies needed to actually ‘see’ this. In trying<br />
to formulate a fully consistent quantum mechanical<br />
theory of these vibrating and interacting strings, one<br />
arrives at a formalism which offers a natural setting in<br />
which all four fundamental forces can be incorporated and<br />
seems to have everything in store for a fully consistent<br />
description of quantum gravity. This does not mean that in<br />
string theory just anything is possible. Its consistency<br />
requirements are so strong that they even put constraints<br />
on the properties of the very space-time in which the<br />
strings move. Even more fascinatingly, string theory<br />
changes our ‘classical’ idea of what space-time actually is!<br />
Although string theory has become a vast and well developed<br />
subject, we are still far from uncovering its most<br />
important implications concerning space-time, particle<br />
physics and cosmology. It is quite clear these days that<br />
string theory is not even necessarily a theory of mere<br />
strings anymore. For instance, a very important ingredient<br />
in all of these insights are higher dimensional objects<br />
called D(irichlet)-branes, which turn out to be as fundamental<br />
to string theory as the strings themselves. They are<br />
the objects that have occupied most of my attention during<br />
my research so far, so I will describe them in a little more<br />
detail now.<br />
There are essentially two kinds of strings. Closed strings are<br />
associated with the gravitational force and open strings<br />
with what physicists call the gauge sector (after an abstract<br />
symmetry that is associated with the nuclear and electromagnetic<br />
forces, that is called gauge symmetry). In a cer-<br />
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tain limit, D-branes can be described as fixed ‘hyperplanes’<br />
on which open strings have to end. More generally however,<br />
we know that they are much more than just fixed higher-dimensional<br />
surfaces, but actually have to be thought of<br />
as full-fledged, dynamical ingredients of string theory.<br />
Given this fact it is quite important to finds means to<br />
describe these dynamical aspects of D-branes and one such<br />
way is by looking at a theory which actually lives on the<br />
branes themselves, which effectively encodes the way in<br />
which D-branes interact with strings and with each other.<br />
Because of its close relation to open strings, it turns out<br />
that the theory living on a D-brane is a gauge field theory, a<br />
generalization of the field theory used to describe electromagnetic<br />
fields. This for instance, has led people to postulate<br />
that we might actually live on a D-brane and things<br />
like electromagnetic fields are nothing but the low energy<br />
effect of open strings ending on the brane. This D-brane<br />
theory is already quite well understood when one has a single<br />
D-brane, well separated from other D-branes, but what<br />
happens when more of these objects coincide? It turns out<br />
that in this case things get a lot more intricate. Not only<br />
does the gauge theory on the branes become much more<br />
difficult (namely something called a non-abelian gauge<br />
theory), the very position of the branes has to be described<br />
by matrix-valued coordinates! This is only one example<br />
where string theory alters the everyday notions we have<br />
about geometry.<br />
A lot of my research over the years has been related to<br />
understanding this non-abelian theory that lives on a stack<br />
of D-branes, but lately (especially in 2006) it has shifted<br />
somewhat in a related direction. In order to understand<br />
better what to expect of this non-abelian theory, it could be<br />
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very helpful to understand the theory on a single D-brane<br />
as completely as possible. To achieve this, we took a step<br />
back and started reanalyzing the open strings themselves,<br />
be it in a slightly updated fashion. Namely, to make string<br />
theory a consistent theory, one needs a very powerful, but<br />
as of yet unobserved, symmetry called supersymmetry. In<br />
certain space-times this even gets promoted to what we<br />
call extended supersymmetry, which turns out to be an<br />
extremely powerful ingredient, without which our method<br />
would become practically unfeasible. To understand our<br />
reason to return to the string perspective, recall that<br />
strings actually determine the environment they live in.<br />
Closed strings (related to gravity) tell you what kind of<br />
space-time they want to live in, but open strings, since they<br />
end on D-branes, also determine the geometry and dynamics<br />
of these branes. In other words, by studying the strings<br />
that end on a D-brane, we can determine the structure of<br />
the field theory living on the brane itself. This kind of reasoning<br />
is one of the very novel features of string theory and<br />
is at the heart of some of its successes!<br />
Pushing this further, we are now studying all possible consistency<br />
requirements that can exist on the boundary of<br />
open strings that live in certain interesting geometries.<br />
This will bring us one step closer to determining all possible<br />
ways in which D-branes can exist within certain geometries<br />
which are useful for trying to connect string theory to<br />
the lower energy physics that we already know. A lot of<br />
aspects of D-branes still need to be uncovered and remain<br />
crucial for a full understanding of string theory. This is clear<br />
from the various places where the success of string theory<br />
depends heavily on the existence of D-branes. Examples of<br />
this are the description of black holes within string theory,<br />
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the existence of something called holography which physicists<br />
think should be a feature of any suitable candidate of<br />
a quantum theory of gravity, the hope that string theory<br />
could one day teach us a lot about the strong nuclear force<br />
and, not in the least, the new and exciting ways in which<br />
‘string geometry’ differs so much from ordinary ‘classical<br />
geometry’.<br />
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Publications 2006<br />
1. M. Abou Zeid, C. M. Hull – A Chiral Perturbation<br />
Expansion for Gravity – JHEP 0602:057, 2006 –<br />
[e-Print Archive: hep-th/0511189].<br />
2. R. Argurio, M. Bertolini, C. Closset, S. Cremonesi – On<br />
Stable Non-Supersymmetric Vacua at the Bottom of<br />
Cascading Theories - JHEP 0609: 030, 2006 – [e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0606175].<br />
3. R. Argurio, G. Ferretti, C. Petersson – Massless Fermionic<br />
Bound States and the Gauge/Gravity Correspondence -<br />
JHEP 0603: 043, 2006 – [e-Print Archive:<br />
hep-th/0601180].<br />
4. I. Bakas, D. Orlando, P.M. Petropoulos – Ricci Flows and<br />
Expansion in Axion-Dilaton Cosmology – JHEP 0701:040,<br />
2007 – [e-Print Archive: hep-th/0610281].<br />
5. M. Banados, G. Barnich, G. Compère, A. Gomberoff –<br />
Three Dimensional Origin of Goedel Spacetimes and<br />
Black holes – Phys. Rev. D73: 044006, 2006 – [e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0512105].<br />
6. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev – Parent Form for Higher Spin<br />
Fields on Anti-de Sitter Space – JHEP 0608: 013, 2006 –<br />
[e-Print Archive: hep-th/0602166].<br />
7. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev – BRST Extension of the Non –<br />
Linear Unfolded Formalism – in "Quantum Theory and<br />
Symmetries IV, volume 2" – ed. V.K. Dobrev, Heron Press<br />
2006: 547-557 – [e-Print Archive: hep-th/0504119].<br />
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8. X. Bekaert, N. Boulanger, S. Cnockaert, S. Leclercq – On<br />
Killing Tensors and Cubic Vertices in Higher-Spin Gauge<br />
Theories – Fortsch. Phys. 54: 282-290, 2006 – e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0602092.<br />
9. X. Bekaert, N. Boulanger et S. Cnockaert – Spin Three<br />
Gauge Theory Revisited – JHEP 0601: 052,2006 – [e-Print<br />
Archive : hep-th/0508048].<br />
10. X. Bekaert, S. Cnockaert, C. Iazeolla, M.A. Vasiliev –<br />
Nonlinear Higher Spin Theories in Various Dimensions –<br />
in Proceedings of the <strong>Solvay</strong> Workshop on Higher Spin<br />
Gauge Theories, R. Argurio, G. Barnich, G. Bonelli et M.<br />
Grigoriev eds., 2006 - [e-Print Archive: hep-th/0503128].<br />
11. F. Bigazzi, A.L. Cotrone, L. Martucci, W. Troost – Meson<br />
decays from string splitting – arXiv : hep-th/0611253.<br />
13. L. Bonora, C. Maccaferri, R.J. Scherer Santos, D.D. Tolla –<br />
Bubbling AdS and Vacuum String Field Theory – Nucl.<br />
Phys.B749:338-357,2006 – [e-Print Archive:hep-th/0602015].<br />
14. N. Boulanger, S. Cnockaert, S. Leclercq – Parity Violating<br />
Vertices For Spin-3 Gauge Fields – Phys. Rev. D73: 065019,<br />
2006 – [e-Print archive : hep-th/0509118].<br />
15. P. Bouwknegt, J. Evslin, B. Jurco, V. Mathai, H. Sati – Flux<br />
Compactifications of Projective Spaces and the S- Duality<br />
Puzzle – Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 10: 345-394, 2006 –<br />
[e-Print Archive: hep-th/0501110].<br />
12. S. Bolognesi, J. Evslin – Stable vs. Unstable Vortices in<br />
SQCD – JHEP 0603: 023, 2006 – [e-Print Archive: hepth/0506174].<br />
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17. S. Colin, T. Durt, R. Tumulka – On superselection rules in<br />
Bohr-Bell theories – J. Phys. A. 39 (2006), 15403-15419.<br />
18. B. Craps, O. Evnin, S. Nakamura – DO-brane recoil<br />
revisited – JHEP 0612 : 081, 2006.<br />
19. B. Craps – Big bang models in string theory – Class.<br />
Quant. Grav. 23 : S849-S881, 2006.<br />
20. B. Craps, A. Rajaraman, S. Sethi – Effective dynamics of<br />
the matrix big bang – Phys. Rev. D 73 : 106005, 2006.<br />
21. T. Damour, A. Hanany, M. Henneaux, A. Kleinschmidt, H.<br />
Nicolai – Curvature Corrections and Kac-Moody<br />
Compatibility Conditions - Gen. Rel. Grav. 38: 1507-1528,<br />
2006 – [e-Print Archive: hep – th/0604143].<br />
22. S. de Buyl, M. Henneaux, Louis Paulot – Extended E(8)<br />
Invariance of 11-Dimensional Supergravity – JHEP<br />
0602: 056, 2006 – [e-Print Archive: hep-th/0512292].<br />
23. T. Durt – About Weyl and Wigner tomography in finite<br />
dimensional Hilbert spaces – Open system and<br />
Information Dyn 13 (2006), 1-11.<br />
24. T. Durt – Factorization of the Wigner distribution in<br />
prime power dimensions – Int. Journ. of laser Phys. 16<br />
(2006), 1557-1564.<br />
16. C. W. Bunster, S. Cnockaert, M. Henneaux, R. Portugues –<br />
Monopoles for Gravitation and for Higher Spin Fields –<br />
Phys. Rev. D73: 105014, 2006 – [e-Print Archive: hepth/0601222].<br />
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R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
25. T. Durt – About the Mean King’s problem and discrete<br />
Wigner distributions – Journ. Mod. Phys. B 20 (2006),<br />
1742-1760.<br />
26. J. Evslin, M. Fairbairn – Photon Mixing in Domain Walls<br />
and the Cosmic Coincidence Problem – JCAP 0602: 011,<br />
2006 – [e-Print archive: hep-ph/0507020].<br />
27. J. Evslin, H. Sati – Can D-Branes Wrap Nonrepresentable<br />
Cycles? – JHEP 0610: 050, 2006 – [e-Print Archive: hepth/0607045].<br />
29. L.A. Forte, A. Sciarrino – Standard and Non-Standard<br />
Extensions of Lie Algebras – J. Math. Phys. 47: 013513,<br />
2006 – [e-Print Archive: hep-th/0506048].<br />
30. M. Henneaux – BRST Quantization – article in<br />
“ Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics” – eds. J.-P.<br />
Françoise, G.L. Naber and T.S. Tsun – Elsevier (2006)<br />
31. M. Henneaux – Constrained Systems – article in<br />
“Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics” – eds. J.-P.<br />
Françoise, G.L. Naber and T.S. Tsun – Elsevier (2006)<br />
32. M. Henneaux, C. Teitelboim – Electric-Magnetic Duality<br />
in Gravity – in “Deserfest: A Celebration of the Life and<br />
Works of Stanley Deser” – eds. J.T. Liu, M.J. Duff, K.S. Stelle<br />
and R.P. Woodard – World Scientific (Singapore: 2006).<br />
28. F. Ferrari – The Proof of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa Conjecture<br />
and Application to the Mass Gap and Confinement<br />
Problems – JHEP 0606: 039, 2006 – [e-Print Archive: hepth/0602249].<br />
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o f t h e D i r e c t o r a n d o f t h e D e p u t y D i r e c t o r<br />
33. M. Henneaux, M. Leston, D. Persson, P. Spindel –<br />
Geometric Configurations, Regular Subalgebras of E(10)<br />
and M-Theory Cosmology – JHEP 0610: 021, 2006 – [e-<br />
Print Archive: hep-th/0606123].<br />
34. A.N.W. Hone, V. Novikov, C. Verhoeven – An integrable<br />
hierarchy with a perturbed Hénon-Heiles system – Inv.<br />
Problems 22 (2006) 2001-2020.<br />
35. L. Houart – Kac-Moody Algebras in Gravity and M-theories<br />
– AIP Conf. Proc. 841: 298-305, 2006 –[e-Print archive:<br />
hep-th/0511009].<br />
36. F. Lambert, J. Springael – From soliton equations to their<br />
zero-curvature formulation – in “Bilinear Integrable<br />
Systems from Classical to Quantum, Continuous to<br />
Discrete”, Eds L. Faddeev, P. Van Moerbeke and F.<br />
Lambert, Nato Sciences Series II : Mathematics, Physics<br />
and Chemistry, 201, Springer-Verlag 2006, 147-159.<br />
37. J. Maes, A. Sevrin – A Note on N=(2,2) superfields in two<br />
dimensions – Phys. Lett. B642 (2006) 535-539 [e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0607119].<br />
38. S. Nevens, A. Sevrin, W. Troost, A. Wijns – Derivative corrections<br />
to the Born-Infeld action through beta-function<br />
calculations in N=2 boundary superspace – JHEP 0608<br />
(2006) 086 [e-Print Archive : hep-th/0606255].<br />
39. N. Tabti – Signatures of Kac-Moody invariant theories –<br />
Physicalia Mag. 28 (2006) 182-193.<br />
40. C. Verhoeven, M. Musette, R. Conte – On reductions of<br />
some KdV-type systems and their link to the quartic<br />
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R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
Hénon-Heiler Hamiltonian – in “Bilinear Integrable<br />
Systems from Classical to Quantum, Continuous to<br />
Discrete”, Eds L. Faddeev, P. Van Moerbeke and F.<br />
Lambert, Nato Sciences Series II : Mathematics, Physics<br />
and Chemistry, 201, Springer-Verlag 2006, 363-374.<br />
41. R. Willox, J. Hietarinta – On the bilinear forms of<br />
Painlevé’s 4th equation- in “Bilinear Integrable Systems<br />
from Classical to Quantum, Continuous to Discrete”, Eds<br />
L. Faddeev, P. Van Moerbeke and F. Lambert, Nato<br />
Sciences Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry,<br />
201, Springer-Verlag 2006, 375-390.<br />
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Preprints<br />
42. M. Abou Zeid, C.M. Hull, L.J. Mason – Einstein Supergravity<br />
and New Twistor String Theories – e-Print Archive: hepth/0606272.<br />
43. R. Argurio, M. Bertolini, S. Franco, S. Kachru - Gauge/Gravity<br />
Duality and Meta-stable Dynamical Supersymmetry<br />
Breaking - e-Print Archive: hep-th/0610212.<br />
44. G. Barnich, G. Compère - Classical Central Extension for<br />
Asymptotic Symmetries at Null Infinity in Three<br />
Spacetime Dimensions - e-Print Archive: gr-qc/0610130.<br />
45. L. Bonora, N. Bouatta, C. Maccaferri - Towards Open-<br />
Closed String Duality: Closed Strings as Open String<br />
Fields - e-Print Archive: hep – th/0609182.<br />
46. R. Brout - The Causet Mechanism for the Creation of<br />
Energy - e-Print Archive: gr-qc/0607012.<br />
47. A.S. Carstea, A. Romani, J. Satsuma, R. Willox, B.<br />
Grammaticos – Continuous, discrete and ultra-discrete<br />
models of an inflammatory response – Physica A, 364<br />
(2006), 276-286.<br />
49. A. Collunici, J. Evslin – Twisted Homology – e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0611218.<br />
48. S. Cnockaert - Higher Spin Gauge Field Theories: Aspects<br />
of Dualities and Interactions - e-Print Archive: hepth/0606121.<br />
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R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
50. A. Collinucci, A. Wijns – Topology of Fiber Bundles and<br />
Global Aspects of Gauge Theories – e-Print Archive: hepth/0611201.<br />
51. M. Courbage, T. Durt, M. Saberi – Two-level Friedricks<br />
model and kasnic phenomenology – accepted for<br />
publication in Phys. Lett. A (2006).<br />
52. M. Courbage,T. Durt, M. Saberi – Non exponential quantum<br />
mechanical decay laws in neutral kaons – submitted for<br />
publication to J. Phys A (2006).<br />
54. S. de Buyl - Kac-Moody Algebras in M-theory – e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0608161.<br />
55. S. Deser, M. Henneaux – A Note on Spin Two Fields in<br />
Curved Backgrounds – e-Print Archive: gr-qc/0611157.<br />
56. J.F. Du, M. Sun, X. Peng, T. Durt – NMR realization of<br />
entanglement-assisted qubit covariant SIC-POVM –<br />
accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A (2006).<br />
57. T. Durt, J. Corbett – Quantum Mechanics interpreted in<br />
Quantum Real Numbers –submitted for publication to<br />
Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics.<br />
58. J. Evslin - Twisted K-Theory as a BRST Cohomology –<br />
e- Print Archive: hep-th/0605049.<br />
53. B. Craps, O. Evnin, S. Nakamura – Local recoil of extended<br />
solitons : a string theory example – accepted for<br />
publication in Journ. of High Energy Physics, hepth/0608123.<br />
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o f t h e D i r e c t o r a n d o f t h e D e p u t y D i r e c t o r<br />
59. J. Evslin - What Does(n't) K-theory Classify? – e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0610328.<br />
60. W. Fischler, V. Kaplunovsky, C. Krishnan, L. Mannelli,<br />
M. Torres – Meta-Stable Supersymmetry Breaking in a<br />
Cooling Universe – e-Print Archive: hep-th/0611018.<br />
61. M. Henneaux, M. Leston, D. Persson, P. Spindel – A Special<br />
Class of Rank 10 and 11 Coxeter Groups – e-Print Archive:<br />
hep-th/0610278.<br />
62. M. Henneaux, C. Martinez, R. Troncoso, J. Zanelli –<br />
Asymptotic Behavior and Hamiltonian Analysis of Antide<br />
Sitter Gravity coupled to Scalar Fields - e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0603185.<br />
63. A.N.W. Hone, V. Novikov, C. Verhoeven – An extended<br />
Hénon-Heiles system – submitted for publication to<br />
Physics Lett. A (2006).<br />
64. A. Keurentjes – Determining the Dual – e-Print Archive:<br />
hep-th/0607069.<br />
66. F. Lambert, J. Springael, S. Colin, R. Willox – An elementary<br />
approach to soliton hierarchies – submitted for publication<br />
to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn (2006).<br />
67. I. Loris, G. Nolet, I. Daubechies, F.A. Dahlen – Tomographic<br />
inversion using L1 norm regularization of wavelet<br />
coefficients – submitted to Geophysical J.International.<br />
65. S. Kuperstein, O. Mintkevich, J. Sonnenschein – On the<br />
pp-wave Llimit and the BMN Structure of New Sasaki-<br />
Einstein Spaces – e-Print Archive: hep-th/0609194.<br />
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R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
69. A. Volkov – On the periodicity conjecture for Y-systems –<br />
accepted for publication in Commun. Math. Phys.<br />
(2006).<br />
Edition<br />
Higher Spin Gauge Theories – R. Argurio, G. Barnich, G.<br />
Bonelli and M. Grigoriev eds, Proceedings of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Workshops and Symposia (n° 1) (197 pages).<br />
68. L.Paulot – Infinite-Dimensional Gauge Structure of<br />
d=2 N=16 Supergravity – e-Print Archive: hepth/0604098.<br />
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Invited Talks at<br />
conferences, seminars and schools<br />
1. January 5, 2006 : Glenn Barnich, “Thermodynamics of<br />
Gödel black holes” – CECS, Valdivia, Chile.<br />
2. January 12, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Magnetic sources<br />
for gravitation and for Higher Spins” – Centro de<br />
Estudios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile.<br />
3. January 14, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor Strings<br />
and Supergravity” – EU Network RTN Meeting, CERN,<br />
Genève, Switzerland.<br />
4. January 15, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor strings<br />
and supergravity” – Invited talk given at the Institute<br />
of Mathematics, German University of Cairo and the<br />
Cairo International Conference on High Energy Physics,<br />
Egypt.<br />
5. January 16, 2006 : Glenn Barnich, “Thermodynamics of<br />
Gödel black holes” – UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.<br />
6. January 16-20, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Big Bang Models in<br />
String Theory” – Invited lecture series at EC-RNT School<br />
on Strings, Supergravity and Gauge Theories, CERN,<br />
Genève, Switzerland.<br />
7. January 25, 2006 : Alexandre Sevrin, “Supersymmetry<br />
and Geometry : a Solved Example” – Theoretical Physics<br />
Colloquium, Utrecht Universiteit, The Netherlands.<br />
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8. February 15, 2006 : Ben Craps, “A big bang model in<br />
string theory” – HEP/GR Wednesday Seminar, University<br />
of Cambridge, United Kingdom.<br />
9. February 17, 2006 : Ben Craps, “A big bang model in string<br />
theory” – Seminar, Durham University, United<br />
Kingdom.<br />
11. March 7, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “BKL Billiards and<br />
Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras in four and higher<br />
dimensions ” – Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics,<br />
University of Santa Barbara, California, USA.<br />
12. March 21, 2006 : Alexander Wijns,“Derivative corrections<br />
to the Born-Infeld action and N=2 boundary super<br />
space” – Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica,<br />
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.<br />
13. March 26, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Een moderne kijk op de<br />
oerknal” – Meesterklassen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,<br />
Belgium.<br />
14. March 28, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Hidden Symmetries<br />
of Gravity” – Stockholms Universitet, Sweden.<br />
15. March 28, 2006 : Franklin Lambert, talk following the<br />
presentation of the movie picture“ Einstein’s Big Idea” –<br />
VUB, Belgium.<br />
10. February 27, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid,“Iteration relations<br />
of planar amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory”-<br />
Theory Division, CERN, Genève, Switzerland.<br />
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16. March 2006 : Geoffrey Compère, “Three dimensional<br />
Gödel spacetimes and black holes” – FYNU-FYMA,<br />
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium.<br />
17. April 7-8, 2006 : Alexander Volkov, “On Zamolodchikov’s<br />
conjecture” – Workshop “Operator equations in quantum<br />
optics”, Universiteit Antwerp, Belgium.<br />
18. April 13, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Matrix description of a big<br />
bang singularity” – Seminar, Queen Mary, University of<br />
London, United Kingdom.<br />
19. April 13, 2006 : Arjan Keurentjes,“Determining the dual”<br />
– Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, Groningen,<br />
The Netherlands.<br />
20. April 22 - 27, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, Course of lectures<br />
on “Hidden Symmetries of gravitational theories” – 4th<br />
International School on Field Theory and Gravitation,<br />
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br />
21. April 25, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Einstein bekeken n°3 : back<br />
to the future”- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.<br />
22. May 3, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Matrix description of a big<br />
bang singularity” – Seminar, SISSA, Trieste, Italy.<br />
23. May 11, 2006 : Frank Ferrari, “The Proof of the Dijkgraaf-<br />
Vafa Conjecture and application to the mass gap and<br />
confinement problems” – Ecole Normale Supérieure,<br />
Paris, France.<br />
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R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
24. May 20, 2006 : Glenn Barnich, “Thermodynamics of<br />
Gödel black holes” – Spring School and Workshop on<br />
Quantum Field Theory and Hamiltonian Systems,<br />
Calimanesti-Caciulata, Roumania.<br />
25. May 22, 2006 : Franklin Lambert, “An elementary<br />
approach to integrable hierarchies of solitons equations”<br />
– Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis,<br />
Brazil.<br />
26. May 23, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Hidden Symmetries of<br />
Gravity and Lorentzian Kac-Moody Algebras” –<br />
University of California, Davis, U.S.A.<br />
27. May 26, 2006 : Alexander Wijns, “D-brane effective<br />
action and boundary superspace” – Summer School on<br />
High Energy Physics and Astrophysics, Cargese, Corsica.<br />
28. June 13, 2006 : Glenn Barnich, “Higher spin fields on<br />
anti-de Sitter space” – Université de Mons-Hainaut,<br />
Belgium.<br />
29. June 14, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Matrix description of a big<br />
bang singularity” – Oral contribution at Satellite work<br />
shop of Strings 2006 Gravitation and Cosmology Fudan<br />
University Shanghai, China.<br />
30. June 15, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Matrix description of a big<br />
bang singularity” – Invited talk at 06 Strings Satellite<br />
Conference, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.<br />
31. June 22-July 1, 2006 : C. Verhoeven, “Spiderweb solutions<br />
for the CKP equation” - 2006 Gallipole Workshop on Nonlinear<br />
Physics : Theory and Experiment, Gallipoli, Turkey.<br />
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32. July 6, 2006 : Frank Ferrari , “Gauge invariance and<br />
Super Yang-Mills theory” – Conference “QCD and String<br />
Theory”, Centro de ciencias de Benasque, Spain.<br />
33. July 20/22/23 2006 : Frank Ferrari, “Supersymmetric<br />
Gauge Theories, Matrix Models and Geometric<br />
Transitions” – XVth Oporto meeting on Geometry,<br />
Topology and Physics : Mathematical aspects of super<br />
symmetry, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.<br />
34. August 23, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Geometric<br />
Configurations, Regular Subalgebras of E10 and M-<br />
Theory Cosmology” – Centro de Estudios Cientificos,<br />
Valdivia, Chile.<br />
35. August 23, 2006 : Ben Craps, “A matrix big bang” -<br />
Invited talk at the first Cambridge-Mitchell Texas<br />
conference : time dependent backgrounds and the<br />
cosmic singularity in string and M Theory , University<br />
of Cambridge, United Kingdom.<br />
36. September 1, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Cosmological<br />
Singularities” – Invited overview talk at 38th<br />
International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of<br />
Elementary Particles : Recent Developments in<br />
String/M-theory and field Theory, Berlin, Germany.<br />
37. September 10 & 11,2006 :Mohab Abou Zeid,“Twistor- strings<br />
and supergravity”- Twistors, Strings and Gauge Theory<br />
Workshop, Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Canada.<br />
38. September 14, 2006 : Ben Craps, “Dynamics of lowdimensional<br />
D-branes: recoil and local recoil”,<br />
Rencontres théoriciennes, IHP, Paris, France.<br />
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39. October 2 &3, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Lectures on<br />
twistor strings and gravity” – Institute for Mathematical<br />
Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.<br />
40. October 6, 2006 : Glenn Barnich, “Higher spin fields on<br />
anti-de Sitter space” – Università degli Studi Milano, Italy.<br />
41. October 8, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor- strings<br />
and supergravity” – RTN Midterm Meeting and<br />
workshop, Napoli, Italy.<br />
42. October 10, 2006 : Riccardo Argurio, “Metastable<br />
Supersymmetry Breaking and Gauge/Gravity Duality” –<br />
RTN workshop, Napoli, Italy.<br />
43. October 13, 2006 : Nassiba Tabti, “Gravitational theories<br />
coupled to matter as invariant theories under Kac-<br />
Moody algebras” - RTN Midterm Meeting and workshop,<br />
Napoli, Italy.<br />
44. October 2006 : Carlo Maccaferri, “Exercises in<br />
Superstring Theory” – 1st International Doctoral School<br />
(Paris/Brussels/Amsterdam), ULB, Belgium.<br />
46. October 30 & 31 and November 3, 2006 : Riccardo<br />
Argurio, “Supersymmetric Gauge Theories” - 1st<br />
International Doctoral School<br />
(Paris/Brussels/Amsterdam), ULB, Belgium.<br />
45. October and November 2006 : Frank Ferrari, “Non-<br />
Perturbative aspects of quantum field theory” - 1st<br />
International Doctoral School<br />
(Paris/Brussels/Amsterdam), ULB, Belgium.<br />
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47. October 30 – November 8, 2006 : Ben Craps,<br />
“Introduction to D-branes” - 1st International Doctoral<br />
School (Paris/Brussels/Amsterdam), ULB, Belgium.<br />
48. November 2006 : Carlo Maccaferri, “Introduction to<br />
Open String Field Theory” – 1st International Doctoral<br />
School (Paris/Brussels/Amsterdam), ULB, Belgium.<br />
49. November 1 & 8, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Lectures on<br />
twistor strings and gravity” – invited lectures given at<br />
CQUEST and the University of Sogang, Seoul, Korea.<br />
50. November 6, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Hamiltonian<br />
Formalism of General Relativity I” – Institut Henri<br />
Poincaré, Paris, France.<br />
51. November 7, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Hamiltonian<br />
Formalism of General Relativity II” – Institut Henri<br />
Poincaré, Paris, France.<br />
52. November 13, 2006 : Ben Craps, “The Cosmic Microwave<br />
Background: How Cosmology has become a precision<br />
Science” – Physics Colloquium, KULeuven, Belgium.<br />
54. November 16, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor- strings<br />
and supergravity” – University of Tokyo, Japan.<br />
53. November 15, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Symmetries,<br />
conservation laws and gauge invariant operators in<br />
noncommutative field theory” – 21st Nishinomiya-<br />
Yukawa Memorial Symposium, Yukawa Institute for<br />
Theoretical Physics, Kyoto, Japan.<br />
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55. November 17, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor- strings<br />
and supergravity” – KEK, Tsukuba, Japan.<br />
57. November 26, 2006 : R. Willox,“Canonical bilinear forms<br />
and bi-hamiltonian structures” – Universiteit Antwerp,<br />
Belgium.<br />
58. November 30, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor- strings<br />
and supergravity” – Department ECM, Universidad de<br />
Barcelona, Spain.<br />
59. November 30, 2006 : Alexander Volkov,“On the<br />
periodicity conjecture for Y-systems” – Institut Camille<br />
Jordan, Université de Lyon I, France.<br />
60. December 6, 2006 : Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor- strings<br />
and supergravity” – Institut für Physik, Humboldt,<br />
Universität zu Berlin, Germany.<br />
61. December 7, 2006 : Ignace Loris, “Seismic tomography<br />
with wavelets and L1 penalization” – FNRS Wavelets and<br />
Applications contact group meeting, IRM/KMI Brussels,<br />
Belgium.<br />
62. December 13, 2006 : Ben Craps, “A matrix Big Bang” –<br />
Invited talk at IHP workshop “High Energy, Cosmology<br />
and Strings”, Paris, France.<br />
56. November 17, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, “Hyperbolic Kac-<br />
Moody algebras : the key for understanding gravity ?” –<br />
Opening lecture at Conference on “Kac-Moody groups<br />
and Geometry”, Darmstadt Universität, Germany.<br />
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63. December 14, 2006 : Marc Henneaux, Seminar “Hidden<br />
Symmetries of Gravitational Theories” – Università di<br />
Pisa and Scuola Normale, Italy.<br />
64. December 14, 2006 : Riccardo Argurio, “Metastable<br />
Supersymmetry Breaking and Gauge/Gravity Duality” –<br />
Rencontres théoriciennes, Paris, France.<br />
65. December 2006 : Geoffrey Compère, “Classical central<br />
extensions for asymptotic symmetries in three<br />
dimensional spacetimes” – Milano string theory group,<br />
Milano, Italy.<br />
66. December 2006 : Geoffrey Compère, “Black holes thermodynamics”<br />
– Milano string theory group, Milano,<br />
Italy.<br />
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M i s c e l l a n e o u s
M i s c e l l a n e o u s<br />
Publications of<br />
the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference on Physics<br />
The 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference on Physics has been put entirely<br />
on line on the web site of the <strong>Institutes</strong>:<br />
http://www.solvayinstitutes.be/Activities/Past/Conseil<br />
%20<strong>Solvay</strong>2005/RapporteurTalks.html<br />
Furthermore, the paper version of the proceedings came<br />
out of press in January 2007.<br />
23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Conference on Physics<br />
The Quantum Structure of Space and Time<br />
Proceedings<br />
Editors : D. Gross, M. Henneaux, A. Sevrin<br />
World Scientific Publishing Co. (2007)<br />
ISBN 981-256-952-9<br />
ISBN 981-256-953-7 (pbk)<br />
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M i s c e l l a n e o u s<br />
Other publication<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> Workshops and Symposia (volume 1)<br />
Higher Spin Gauge Theories<br />
Proceedings<br />
Editors : R. Argurio, G. Barnich, G. Bonelli, M. Grigoriev<br />
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M i s c e l l a n e o u s<br />
Francqui Prize to<br />
Professor Pierre Gaspard<br />
The Francqui Prize is the highest scientific distinction in<br />
Belgium. It is awarded each year in recognition of the<br />
achievements of a young (< 50 years) Belgian scholar or scientist.<br />
It is the King's privilege to present the Francqui Prize<br />
personally, during a ceremony which takes place on the<br />
premises of the University Foundation in Brussels or at the<br />
Palace of the Academies.<br />
In 2006, the Francqui Prize was awarded to Professor Pierre<br />
Gaspard, member of the <strong>Solvay</strong> local scientific committee,<br />
for exceptional contributions in uncovering these fundamental<br />
aspects of nature.<br />
Professor Pierre Gaspard continues a long and excellent<br />
Belgian tradition in the field of statistical mechanics.<br />
He has amassed substantial knowledge leading to a growing<br />
understanding of chaos theory in order to explain general<br />
and fundamental laws in classical and quantum<br />
physics. In particular he has developed a new scattering<br />
approach in connecting microscopic (and reversible) laws<br />
to macroscopic (and irreversible) laws of nature, applicable<br />
to every day life.<br />
The subatomic world is governed by quantum (wave)<br />
mechanics. Yet various properties display the fingerprints<br />
of the underlying classical mechanics. Professor Pierre<br />
Gaspard played a fundamental role in explaining these<br />
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M i s c e l l a n e o u s<br />
effects, in particular in the context of chaotic scattering<br />
and has thereby been able to analyse experiments in the<br />
fields of atomic and molecular physics.<br />
All our congratulations!<br />
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M i s c e l l a n e o u s<br />
Remodelling of the <strong>Solvay</strong> Room<br />
(“Salle <strong>Solvay</strong>”)<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> room (“Salle <strong>Solvay</strong>”) badly needed renovation.<br />
In 2006, the Faculty of Sciences of the ULB took the initiative<br />
to remodel it. The work was finished in September of<br />
2006. The new <strong>Solvay</strong> room contains more seats, is equipped<br />
with the necessary modern projection equipment and<br />
is much more pleasant and comfortable (more light, better<br />
disposition of the seats). A definite success!<br />
We are very grateful to the Faculty of Sciences of the ULB<br />
for this initiative.<br />
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M i s c e l l a n e o u s<br />
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A p p e n d i x : O u t r e a c h<br />
R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n & N e w s p a p e r s
R a d i o a n d T e l e v i s i o n I n t e r v i e w s<br />
Marc Henneaux :<br />
• January 8, 2006<br />
La Première RTBF Radio : « Semences de curieux »<br />
• January 15, 2006<br />
La Première RTBF Radio : « Semences de curieux »<br />
Alexandre Sevrin :<br />
• Radio 1 VRT : « de Wandelgangen » on the scientific<br />
work of Pierre Gaspard.<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
March 2006 – Focus n° 4 (p. 82), Italy<br />
June 14, 2006 – Le Soir (p.17)<br />
October 19, 2006 – La Libre Belgique (p. 28)<br />
June 14, 2006 – La Libre Belgique (P. 29)<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
March 2006 – Focus n° 4 (p. 82), Italy<br />
14 June, 2006 – Le Soir (p.17)<br />
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19 October 2006 – La Libre Belgique (p. 28)
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
14 June 2006 – La Libre Belgique (P. 29)<br />
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n o t e s
N o t e s<br />
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