Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

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the free movement of residents. [188] Although General Dabi, the leader of the observer team, said the day proceeded well and "all sides were very responsive", amateur video footage posted on the Internet appeared to show anti-government Homsis unsuccessfully pleading with monitors to travel further into the Baba Amr neighbourhood, where extensive violence had been reported. [184] Avaaz claimed similar scenes of civil protest and regime violence in Hama, where thousands of demonstrators marching to al-Assi Square in the city centre were scattered by troops firing live ammunition, according to activists. Thirty-three deaths were reported in total throughout Syria by the LCC, including 13 in Homs, four in Daraa, four near Damascus, three at Damascus University, three in Hama, three in Idlib, two in Deir ez-Zor, and one in Latakia. The incident at Damascus University occurred when, the Observatory claimed, a student recently detained and tortured by the regime opened fire on fellow students who vocally supported Assad. The Syrian Arab News Agency reported on the school shooting, but made no mention of any political motivation on the shooter's part. SANA also claimed a terrorist attack shut down a natural gas pumping operation in Homs Governorate. [188] 28 December At least 13 people were killed in fresh violence across Syria, activists said, as Arab League observers continued their mission. Six of the dead were reportedly killed while protesting in Hama. Local rights groups say others were killed in Homs, Aleppo, and Idlib. Video shared by activists from the protest in Hama showed gunshots being fired and black smoke rising above the city. Dozens of men were marching through the streets, chanting "Where are the Arab monitors?" In Deraa, army defectors killed at least four Syrian soldiers in an ambush. [190] 29 December Protesters demanded the removal of Mustafa Dabi as leader of the Arab League monitoring team as observers visited Hama, where six more people were killed, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Al Jazeera reported that an anonymous official with the observing mission in Syria had said monitors had witnessed shelling in Homs and it was apparent some parts of the city were controlled by the Free Syrian Army. The official, whose report directly contradicted Dabi's account of the situation, predicted the mission was doomed to fail. The LCC put the nationwide death toll at 35 for the day, [191] while the Observatory said 26 were confirmed dead, with four deaths allegedly occurring in Douma after security forces fired live ammunition into a crowd of about 20,000 massing at its Grand Mosque for a protest ahead of an expected visit by Arab League observers. The Observatory said Douma residents responded to the shootings in their city by organising a mass strike and flooding into the city square for a sit-in thousands strong. The report could not be immediately confirmed, nor could rumours that Arab League vehicles were sighted in Douma. Hundreds also reportedly protested in Midan, a central Damascus neighbourhood, before being dispersed by soldiers shooting tear gas. The Observatory claimed 150,000 marched in the streets in Idlib Governorate, its largest demonstration in recent days. After meeting with Nabil Elaraby, head of the Arab League, Syrian National Council leader Burhan Ghalioun said he feared the Syrian government held more than 100,000 detainees and could execute them "to say there are no prisoners" if Arab League monitors demanded access to facilities in which they are imprisoned. [192] 30 December – "Friday of the March to the Freedom Squares" Activists said more than 130 protesters had been confirmed killed, including six children, since the Arab League observers arrived in Syria earlier in the week. [193] During the day, that reported death toll grew to 32 following attacks from security forces. BBC News gave a death toll of 35 for the day. [194] In what seemed to be the largest day of demonstrating, with more than 500,000 people demonstrating in two governorates alone: Hama and Idlib, over 6 million people are said to have rallied in Syria against Bashar Al-Assad, according to activists. Tens of thousands protested in Damascus, as well as tens of thousands in Homs. Smaller demonstrations occurred in Daraa, Deir Ezzor, and Aleppo. [195][196] Amateur video posted online appeared to show an orange-vested Arab League observer in Daraa responding to residents' claims that snipers were nearby by saying he had seen the snipers himself and telling them the monitors planned to ask the Syrian government to remove any snipers from Daraa within 24 hours. [194] In Cairo, the SNC and the National Coordination Body for Democratic Change in Syria signed onto a political roadmap for a transition to democracy in Syria to be put into effect if Assad is deposed. [197] 31 December Activists reported at least nine deaths, at least three of them in Homs, at least one in Damascus, and at least one in Al- Bukamal, as security forces attacked large protests across the country. The LCC said some protests evolved from funeral marches for demonstrators killed the day before. [198] Al Jazeera reported that the number of statements received by the network from Arab League observers critical of the regime's crackdown had mounted over the past two days. Meanwhile, the SNC signed a deal with the National Co-ordination Committee, to work together on developing a "parliamentary system for a democratic, pluralistic civil state [that] guarantees the exchange of power through elections". [199] The head of the Arab League's observing team, General Mustafa Dabi, said in an interview with the BBC News on Newshour that no observers saw snipers in Deraa, contradicting amateur video showing an observer telling activists he saw snipers in the city centre. Dabi claimed that the observer was making "a hypothetical remark only". [200] References 1. ^ Christine Oliver (26 October 2010). "Corruption index 2010: the most corrupt countries in the world – Global development". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/interactive/2010/oct/26/corruptionindex-2010-countries-world. Retrieved 10 April 2011. 2. ^ "Syrian protestors want a regime change". ABC. 25 March 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3174120.htm. Retrieved 25 March 2011. a b 3. ^ "UN: Syria now in a civil war". MSNBC. 1 December 2011. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45514855/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/un-syria-now-civil-war/. Retrieved 26 December 2011. 4. ^ "Syrian forces raid Hama, city official resigns". Hindustan Times. India. 2 September 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Syrian-forces-raid-Hama-city-official-resigns/Article1-740647.aspx. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 5. ^ "Inevitably; the Conversation turns to what is going on in Syria". DayPress. 1 September 2011. http://www.dpnews.com/en/detail.aspx?articleid=95046. Retrieved 1 September 2011. 6. ^ "'Many killed' in protests across Syria – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/201192132336758932.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 7. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen; Hajjar, Roula (2 September 2011). "Syrian security forces kill 11; clashes at hospitals reported". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-syria-protests- 20110902,0,3736874.story. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
8. ^ "At Least 13 Killed at Syria Protests". Voice of America News. 2 September 2011. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/6-Killed-at-Protests-in-Syria-129079428.html. Retrieved 2 September 2011. 9. ^ Rettman, Andrew (2 September 2011). "EU oil ban to cost Assad €9 million a day". EUobserver.com. http://euobserver.com/24/113509. Retrieved 2 September 2011. 10. ^ "Lebanon news – NOW Lebanon -Syria’s Saturday death toll rises to six, Al-Arabiya reports". NOW Lebanon. 3 September 2011. http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=307702#ixzz1WzjHLhxo. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 11. ^ "Fresh deaths reported across Syria". Al Arabiya. http://www.alarabiya.com/news/articles/175/Fresh-deathsreported-across-Syria.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 12. ^ "9 People Killed by Armed Groups in C Syria". CRIEnglish.com. 4 September 2011. http://english.cri.cn/6966/2011/09/04/2724s656713.htm. Retrieved 8 September 2011. 13. ^ "Fresh deaths in Syrian crackdown – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/20119611405718393.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 14. ^ a b Fadel Fahmy, Mohamed (7 September 2011). "Syria cancels Arab League chief's visit as protests continue". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/07/syria.unrest/. Retrieved 7 September 2011. a b 15. ^ "Deaths reported in 'fresh Syria assault'". Al Jazeera English. 8 September 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/20119785531287269.html. Retrieved 8 September 2011. 16. ^ "Syria security forces raid northern village, kill 3 army defectors". Haaretz. 8 September 2011. http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/syria-security-forces-raid-northern-village-kill-3-army-defectors-1.383305. Retrieved 8 September 2011. 17. ^ "Syrian government pursuing defectors; one village is targeted". CNN. 8 September 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/08/syria.unrest/index.html?iref=allsearch. Retrieved 8 September 2011. 18. ^ a b "Syrian army abducts defector's brother and returns his body to family". Gulfnews. 9 September 2011. http://gulfnews.com/news/region/syria/syrian-army-abducts-defector-s-brother-and-returns-his-body-to-family-1.863641. Retrieved 9 September 2011. 19. ^ "SYRIA: Homs hit hard in hunt for defectors, activists say [Video"]. The Los Angeles Times. 8 September 2011. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/09/syria-regime-strikes-central-city-in-search-for-defectors-video.html. Retrieved 8 September 2011. 20. ^ "Tonight on Mosaic: Syrian opposition appeals to international community". Link TV. 8 September 2011. http://www.linktv.org/mosaic/blog/post/1101/tonight-on-mosaic-syrian-opposition-appeals-to-international-community. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 21. ^ "Syrians appeal for international protection – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/201199113127432919.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 22. ^ Owen, Paul (9 September 2011). "Syrian soldiers executed for refusing to target activists". The Guardian. London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/09/syrian-soldiers-executed-damascus-barracks. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 23. ^ "More deaths reported as Syrian demonstrators call for international protection". Alarabiya.net. 9 September 2011. http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/09/09/166131.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 24. ^ "Syria intensifies crackdown in Homs". IOL News. 11 September 2011. http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/syriaintensifies-crackdown-in-homs-1.1135081. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 25. ^ "Arab League says Syria reform deal agreed". Al Jazeera English. 10 September 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/2011910124344348452.html. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 26. ^ "Seven killed in Syria as Arabs say reform deal struck". Jakarta Globe. 11 September 2011. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/afp/seven-killed-in-syria-as-arabs-say-reform-deal-struck/464644. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 27. ^ "Syrian forces raid homes after week of bloodshed". Reuters. 11 September 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/11/us-syria-idUSL5E7KB0NC20110911. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 28. ^ "Woman shot dead in Syria, activists say". NOW Lebanon. 11 September 2011. http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=310548. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 29. ^ "Urgent – Syria: Death in detention of activist Ghiyath Matter, Fear for the life of fellow activist Yahya Sharbaji". Supportkurds.org. 11 September 2011. http://supportkurds.org/reports/urgent-syria-death-in-detention-of-activist-ghiyathmatter-fear-for-the-life-of-fellow-activist-yahya-sharbaji/. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 30. ^ "Prominent Alawite clerics denounce Assad regime’s ‘atrocities’". English.alarabiya.net. 12 September 2011. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/09/12/166498.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 31. ^ "More people killed in Syrian military operations, rights group says". CNN. 24 August 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/12/syria.unrest/. 32. ^ "Syrians rally against Russian support for Assad’s ‘killing machine’". The Daily Star. 14 September 2011. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2011/Sep-14/148726-syrians-rally-against-russian-support-for-assadskilling-machine.ashx#axzz1XuPROi45. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 33. ^ "Syria Defies Arab League, Fires on Villages | News | English". Voanews.com. 14 September 2011. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Syria-Defies-Arab-League-Fires-on-Villages-129805348.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 34. ^ Nour Ali (14 September 2011). "Ambassadors to Syria unite in public solidarity at vigil for murdered activist". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/14/syria-activist-murder-ambassadors-vigil. Retrieved 26 January 2012. a b 35. ^ "Deaths reported as Syrians stage protests – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/20119161044459700.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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Syrian Civil War Сирийские
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green Cities controlled by pro-Assa
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