Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

several areas of the country, according to the opposition General Syria Revolution Committees. The bulk of the deaths were in the
restive provinces of Homs and Idlib, where residents engaged in acts of civil disobedience to protest the government crackdown. [120]
17 November Jordan and China add to pressure on Syria. [121] Syrian security forces shot dead 13 people, including nine civilians and
four army defectors. [122] Syria's army is planting mines along the border of Jordan. [123] Germany, Britain, France seek UN action
against Syria. [124]
18 November – "Friday of the Expulsion of the Ambassadors" Syrian security forces shot dead at least 20 people on Friday as
they opened fire to disperse protesters urging countries to expel Syria’s ambassadors, activists told Al Arabiya, as Russia called for
restraint over the Damascus crisis. Large anti-government protests occurred in the Damascus suburbs, Aleppo, Homs, Hama, Deir
Ezzor, and Daraa. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported Friday that three people were killed in the Damascus
countryside, while two were shot in the central protest city of Homs and another in the restive city of Hama, also in the center of the
country. Five people, including a 14-year-old boy, were also shot dead in the southern town of Deraa, cradle of the uprising against
Assad’s autocratic regime, said the Britain-based Observatory. Around 30 people were shot and wounded in Homs, in the Damascus
suburb of Harasta and in Maaret Numan in the northwestern province of Idlib, the Observatory and the opposition Local Coordination
Committees (LCC) reported, according to AFP. The Syrian government has said it would agree to foreign observers but with
conditions. The Arab League has not given an official response as of yet. [125]
19 November The Arab League deadline for Damascus expired, while Syrian security forces killed at least 12 civilians, including two
children, and in addition to the 25 protesters the local coordination committees said were killed on Saturday. [126]
20 November There were reports of rocket-propelled grenades fired at the Baath Party building in central Damascus by the Free
Syrian Army. [127]
21 November At least four people were killed on Monday as Syrian security forces carried out raids in and around the flashpoint
central city of Homs, rights and activist groups reported. "Two people were killed and 7 others were wounded in Homs while 2 others
died and 8 were wounded in (nearby) Qusair by gunfire during raids on Monday morning by the army and security forces," said the
Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. The military also raided the towns of Karnaz, Latalmleh and Kafar Nabude in the central
province of Hama, the Britain-based Observatory said in a statement received in Nicosia. [128] Two people were injured after Syrian
[citation needed]
security forces attack a bus carrying Turkish citizens on a Hajj pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia.
22 November Britain, France and Germany asked the United Nations to pass a resolution condemning Syrian violence against
opposition protesters. [129]
23 November French foreign minister Alain Juppé assured Syrian opposition forces that NATO powers are considering to launch an
intervention by imposing “humanitarian corridors or humanitarian zones” in the name of protecting civilians from the alleged abuses
of the Assad regime. [130] The Al-Arabia network reports that 12 people were killed in clashes between Syrian security forces and antiregime
demonstrators. [131]
25 November – "Friday of 'The Free Syrian Army is Protecting Me'" [citation needed] As Friday protests were held, Russia, China, and
their partners in the BRICS group of emerging economies urged Syria to start talks with the opposition and warned against foreign
intervention without UN backing. [132] The deadline for Syria to avoid Arab League sanctions passed. [133] The Syrian military claimed
that the Free Syrian Army attacked a military base in the Homs province, killing 10 members of Assad's air force. Of the 10 killed, six
were "elite military pilots" in the Homs Province Ambush [134]
26 November The Free Syrian Army ambushed the Syrian army in Idlib, killing eight loyalist soldiers. The Free Syrian Army had no
casualties. [135]
27 November The Arab League agreed on economic sanctions against Syria, including a freeze on doing business with the Central
Bank of Syria and the Syrian government, a travel ban on regime officials, and a suspension of infrastructure spending by Arab
governments in Syria. [136]
29 November Three civilians were injured and one other killed in a raid by security forces in the town of Saraqeb. The Free Syrian
Army also killed three loyalist soldiers and captured two others. [137]
December 2011
1 December According to the UN, the death toll has reached over 4,000. In light of the casualties and the increasing number of
defections to the Free Syrian Army, the UN is now "characterizing it as a civil war". [3] Meanwhile, 23 people were killed across Syria,
including two children, with most of the fatalities occurring in Hama. Russia delivered P-800 Oniks (Yakhont) supersonic anti-ship
[dubious – discuss][citation needed]
missiles to the Syrian military.
2 December – "Friday of the Syrian Buffer Zone" Tens of thousands marched in protests across Syria on Friday calling for Turkey
to create a buffer zone to protect civilians, as security forces killed at least five more people, activists said. The largest protests were
held in the central Homs province and in the northern town of Hama, said Rami Abdel Rahman, head of the Syrian Observatory for
Human Rights. “In 17 districts (in the city of) Homs and at least nine neighbouring towns, tens of thousands of people called for the
creation of a buffer zone to ensure their protection,” Abdel Rahman told AFP. “On Friday, Hama saw its biggest protests since the
army entered the city in August,” he added. Smaller protests took place in Aleppo, in Damascus province and in the southern Deraa
province. [138] More defections occurred as another FSA attack occurred near Latakia. The Free Syrian Army attacked an Air Force
Intelligence Office, which resulted in a three-hour long clash that ended in the death of at least eight intelligence officers. There were
reports of gunfire and heavy shelling near the Lebanese border, as well as heavy fighting in the village of Talkalakh. Twenty people
[citation needed]
were killed by Syrian security forces; most of the deaths occurred in Homs and Hama.
3 December A total of 23 people were killed in Syria, 11 of which were civilians killed by security forces. In the province of Idlib,
seven soldiers including an officer and five army defectors were killed in clashes. Tanks were also spotted moving into Idlib, and a
tank was seen burning there as well. The Syrian government condemned a UN vote on human rights violations committed by the
Syrian security forces. The Syrian government claimed that the vote was unjust and based on false information. [139]
4 December At least a dozen Syrian secret police defected from an intelligence compound, activists said, in what appeared to be the
first major desertion from a service that has acted as a pillar of President Assad’s rule. A gunfight then broke out overnight after the