Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

More documents

Recommendations

Info

21 August In a media interview, Assad claimed he wanted to pursue reforms and pursue "terrorists". Assad warned against foreign intervention. Two people died in Hama when Shabbiha randomly opened fire on civilians in the street. The Syrian opposition gathered in Syria for talks on creating a rival government. [206] 22 August As protests continued, the UN said the protester death toll had reached 2,200. The United Nations Human Rights Council voted to launch an investigation into crimes against humanity committed by the Syrian government, despite objections by Russia and the People's Republic of China. [207] A UN team visited Homs to assess the humanitarian situation there and investigate claims of human rights abuses by Syrian authorities. Shortly after its departure, security forces reportedly opened fire on demonstrators in the city, leaving at least four dead, Human Rights Watch said. [208] 23 August Main article: National Council of Syria In Istanbul, Turkey, the National Council of Syria was announced to "represent the concerns and demands of the Syrian people". [209] In Geneva, Switzerland, the United Nations Human Rights Council voted to condemn the Syrian government over its response to the uprising. [210] At least 12 were killed in Idlib, Hama, and Homs governorates, the Arab Organization for Human Rights claimed. [211] 24 August Despite the National Council's stated purpose in uniting all Syrian opposition groups, a Syrian Turkmen opposition activist complained that his community was marginalised and said he and other Syrian Turks were not invited to the council's formation, and then were accorded only observer status upon attending. [212] A European Union official said the EU would likely place an embargo on Syrian oil within ten days. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that a woman was tortured to death in western Syria, while Al Jazeera reported that three civilians died amid raids in Homs, one protester was killed by snipers overnight in Nessieb, and five people were killed in an agricultural area outside Hama. [213] The Arab Organization for Human Rights put the death toll for the day at 13, reporting several shootings of protesters in Deir ez-Zor and suburbs of Damascus as well, [211] while the LCC said at least 17 were killed across Syria. [214] The Russian Foreign Ministry, supported by the government of the People's Republic of China, released a statement urging the international community not to interfere with Syria's "internal affairs". [215] 25 August Prominent political cartoonist Ali Ferzat was reportedly kidnapped and beaten by pro-regime assailants before being released near Damascus International Airport. [211] The identity of his attackers was unclear, with some attributing the beating to Syrian security forces. Some reports said both his hands were broken as a "warning" to dissuade him from drawing. [216][217] Residents near Latakia and in Deir ez-Zor said they heard gunfire near their homes, the head of the Arab Organization for Human Rights claimed. [211] The LCC said tanks again shelled Deir ez-Zor throughout the day, and at least 118 tanks were reported to be in Shuhail to the city's immediate southeast. The state-controlled Syrian Arab News Agency reported eight soldiers, including an army officer, were ambushed and killed in two separate attacks by "armed terrorist groups" in Homs Governorate the previous afternoon. The report said at least seven soldiers were wounded in one of the attacks when "terrorists" shot at a military bus in Talbisah. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad offered a measured criticism of the Syrian government for the first time, calling for a national dialogue in a televised interview and saying, "When there is a problem between the people and their leaders, they must sit down together to reach a solution, away from violence." [214] The Syrian opposition prepared to launch new Friday mass protests, this time dubbed under the name '"Friday of Patience and Steadfastness'". [218] 26 August – "Friday of Patience and Steadfastness" On the last Friday of Ramadan, thousands protested in several Syrian cities, including Damascus, Deir ez-Zor, Deraa, Douma, Hama, Homs, and towns in Idlib Governorate, and security forces responded to many anti-government rallies with live fire and tear gas. 8 protesters were killed overnight when security forces attacked street demonstrations, activists said. [219] The LCC said six people were injured in Qusayr after security forces shot at peaceful demonstrators. [220] At least 3 protesters were reported slain in Deir ez-Zor during the day. Another protester was killed in Nawa, witnesses claimed, and another in Mleeha, one in Qaboun, one in Bosra, and one in Ma`arrat an-Nu`man. Many protesters carried placards congratulating the Libyan people on their progress in overthrowing Muammar Gaddafi. [221] Tanks backed up security troops in many places, said residents of protest hotspots. [222] 27 August Before dawn, protests erupted in Damascus, both in the suburbs and in the city centre. Multiple witnesses reported that a mosque was stormed in Kafarsouseh, a Damascus suburb, and thousands protested there against the regime, though a crowd of regime supporters turned out to chant slogans in support of Assad. Several protesters, as well as the mosque's 80-year-old imam, were reportedly injured. Security forces used live fire and tear gas against demonstrators in a square adjacent to the mosque, wounding at least five. Hundreds more protested in Moadamiya, another suburb, and in the Damascene neighbourhood of Tijana. A planned protest in Abaseen Square was largely thwarted, though about 60 protesters managed to march into the square before being dispersed. More protesters from Douma marched toward central Damascus, though protesters in the suburb of Saqba met live fire from security forces, leaving at least one dead, activists claimed. In Tehran's most direct warning to Syrian authorities yet, Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi said protesters had "legitimate demands" and added, "The government should answer to the demands of its people, be it Syria, Yemen, or other countries." The Arab League also called on the Syrian government to end its crackdown. [223] Two protesters were killed in Latakia and Qusayr, activists said. [224] 28 August London-based daily As-Sharq al-Awsat reported that Mohammad Rahhal, the leader of the LCC's Revolutionary Council, said the council had concluded that "what we are being subjected to today is a global conspiracy that can only be faced by an armed uprising". He said the council was now working to distribute weapons to protesters in order to combat the regime's security crackdown. He criticised the international response to the Syrian uprising, saying, "Confronting this monster [the Syrian regime] now requires arms, especially after it has become clear to everyone that the world only supports the Syrian uprising through speeches." He predicted the protest movement "will turn violent very soon". [225] The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported five protesters were killed, including two who succumbed to mortal injuries from the previous day, and at least nine more were wounded. Residents of Qadam claimed a firefight between soldiers and army defectors who joined protesters took place in the Damascus suburb, though it was unclear if anyone was hurt or killed in the shooting. [226] The Movement of Free Officers claimed "large defections" from Syrian security forces to the side of the protesters in Harasta, another Damascus suburb, and said a colonel in the Syrian Air Force who was involved in the secret police had been shot in the head in Saqba. The statement claimed shabiha and loyalist troops were pursuing the defectors into central Damascus. [227] On the diplomatic front, the Arab League said it would send Secretary-General Naril Elaraby on a mission to Damascus in an "urgent" effort to end the crisis, while the Syrian government rejected the Arab League's statement. [226] 29 August One person was reported killed in a dawn raid on Qara, a suburb of the capital, while five were said to have been killed and at least 60 injured in Sarmin, including a child, when security forces opened fire while conducting house-to-house searches. Five were wounded in Hit, Syria, near the Lebanese border, witnesses said. The crackdown in Hit reportedly prompted at least several
dozen Syrians to flee into northern Lebanon. [228] An activist in Homs told Bloomberg News that at least 15 people were killed and 400 injured as Syrian forces again laid siege to the city, though this number could not be confirmed. [229] AFP reported, quoting an anonymous diplomat, that the EU had agreed "in principle" on a ban on importing Syrian oil, likely to be implemented by the end of the week. [230] After Russia's envoy met with Assad, Moscow indicated "no change" in its stance of calling for reforms in Syria but opposing sanctions or other forms of international action. [228] In Rastan, there were reports of dozens of conscripted soldiers of the Syrian army defecting to the opposition, where heavy gunfire and power outages were being reported, and a large armoured force surrounded the city. [231] 30 August On the first day of Eid ul-Fitr, thousands demonstrated against the regime in Deraa, Homs, and the suburbs of Damascus. Security forces opened fire on protesters, killing at least nine, the LCC said. Six were killed in Daraa Governorate, an activist said, including a 13-year-old boy. The LCC also reported raids in Rastan, Latakia, Al-Sanamayn, Qara, Qudsaya, Jableh, and Qamashli. Eid celebrations were reportedly muted, with many Syrians visiting graves of loved ones killed during the uprising. [232] References 1. ^ Christine Oliver (26 October 2010). "Corruption index 2010: the most corrupt countries in the world – Global development". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/interactive/2010/oct/26/corruptionindex-2010-countries-world. Retrieved 10 April 2011. 2. ^ "Syrian protestors want a regime change". ABC. 25 March 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3174120.htm. Retrieved 25 March 2011. 3. ^ "Syrian protesters stay defiant amid crackdown". 1 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/20115191534769149.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 4. ^ "Syria Forces Shell Restive Daraa". Newser. May 2011. http://www.newser.com/story/117579/syria-protestsbashar-al-assads-forces-still-shelling-daraa.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 5. ^ "Robert Fisk: 'We will never cease our struggle until we bring down Assad'". The Independent (London). 2 May 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/robert-fisk-we-will-never-cease-our-struggle-until-we-bringdown-assad-2277704.html. 6. ^ "SYRIA: Security forces, officials attempt to head off protests". The Los Angeles Times. 4 May 2011. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/05/syria-damascus-uprising-students-freedom-human-rights.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 7. ^ "Hundreds Held In Syria Protest Crackdown". Sky News. 5 May 2011. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Article/201009115985647. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 8. ^ "Syria: Raid in Damascus suburb as crackdown defied". BBC News. 5 May 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13291358. [dead link] 9. ^ [1] 10. ^ "Syrian forces tighten grip ahead of protests". 6 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/201155427971631.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 11. ^ "Tensions rise in Syria as ruling forces mass tanks in protest hotbed". The Australian. 5 May 2011. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/tensions-rise-in-syria-as-ruling-forces-mass-tanks-in-protest-hotbed/storye6frg6so-1226050230959. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 12. ^ "Syria mourns 11 soldiers killed by "armed groups": SANA". People's Daily. 8 May 2011. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90854/7372876.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 13. ^ "Thousands Of Syrians Amass Near City Of Deraa". Sky News. 6 May 2011. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Article/201009115986432. Retrieved 7 May 2011. 14. ^ amerawad111. "Syria Live Blog – 6 May". Al Jazeera. http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/middle-east/syria-live-blogmay-6. Retrieved 8 May 2011. 15. ^ "Syria: activists forced into hiding by threats". Amnesty International. 6 May 2011. http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=19444. Retrieved 7 May 2011. 16. ^ "Deaths reported as Syrian forces storm city". Al Jazeera English. 7 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/20115715242900404.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 17. ^ "Child Reported Killed as Syrian Forces Crack Down". MSNBC. 8 May 2011. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42947180/ns/world_news-mideast/n_africa/t/child-reported-killed-syrian-forces-crack-down/. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 18. ^ "Syria tightens control over more urban areas". Al Jazeera English. 8 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/20115891758964745.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 19. ^ "'House-to-house raids' in Syrian cities". Al Jazeera English. 9 May. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/201159103011741192.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 20. ^ "Syrian army tanks 'moving towards Hama'". BBC News. 10 May 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldmiddle-east-13343540. 21. ^ "Assad's brother tops Syria sanctions list". Al Jazeera English. 10 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151083236550487.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 22. ^ "Syria drops bid for UN rights body". Al Jazeera English. 10 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/2011510171246332265.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 23. ^ "Deaths reported as tanks shell Syrian cities". Al Jazeera English. 12 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/20115117374683547.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 24. ^ "Syria Live Blog – May 12". Al Jazeera. http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/middle-east/syria-live-blog-may-12. Retrieved 14 July 2011. a b 25. ^ "Syrian troops 'will not shoot' protesters". Al Jazeera English. 13 May 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/05/201151362452271960.html. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 26. ^ "Syria Live Blog – May 13". Al Jazeera. http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/middle-east/syria-live-blog-may-13. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Page 1 and 2: Syrian Civil War Сирийские
Page 3 and 4: green Cities controlled by pro-Assa
Page 5 and 6: Wikipedia Articles on Syrian Civil
Page 7 and 8: 1. Syrian Civil War Date Location R
Page 9 and 10: • 5 Deaths • 6 International re
Page 11 and 12: On 15 February, Syrian state televi
Page 13 and 14: damaged their respective Syrian emb
Page 15 and 16: Atma. [271] However, head of Kurdis
Page 17 and 18: The Wall Street Journal obtained do
Page 19 and 20: 46. ^ "'Defected Syria security age
Page 21 and 22: 110. ^ Williams, Lauren (24 Februar
Page 23 and 24: 169. ^ "European powers step up pre
Page 25 and 26: 228. ^ "Syria blast: Security chief
Page 27 and 28: 291. ^ Byman, Daniel (20 March 2012
Page 29 and 30: 349. ^ Charbonneau, Louis; Nichols,
Page 31 and 32: Opposition demonstration in one of
Page 33 and 34: 13 March On 13 March, Kamal Hussein
Page 35 and 36: 1 April - "Friday of Martyrs" After
Page 37 and 38: France and the U.K., pushed the U.N
Page 39 and 40: .52 ^ ‏."االف السوريي
Page 41 and 42: a b c 111. ^ "25 March 2011 Syrian
Page 43 and 44: 172. ^ "DayPress news: Pressure mou
Page 45 and 46: • The Syrian Revolution 2011 اا
Page 47 and 48: alone by security forces. United St
Page 49 and 50: For the first time the unrest sprea
Page 51: The opposition Local Co-ordination
Page 55 and 56: 56. ^ "Syria Uses Heavy Machine Gun
Page 57 and 58: 119. ^ "'Half a million' protest on
Page 59 and 60: 183. ^ "Syrian army 'enters western
Page 61 and 62: September 2011 1 September The atto
Page 63 and 64: least 100 children. [43] Speaking s
Page 65 and 66: 18 October The LCC said 25 doctors
Page 67 and 68: several areas of the country, accor
Page 69 and 70: 18 December Armed clashes erupted i
Page 71 and 72: 8. ^ "At Least 13 Killed at Syria P
Page 73 and 74: 68. ^ "Syrian troops fire on protes
Page 75 and 76: 127. ^ "Arab League rejects Syrian
Page 77 and 78: 186. ^ "Arab monitors head to Syria
Page 79 and 80: Hamad continued that he has seen pr
Page 81 and 82: 17 January According to the LCC, at
Page 83 and 84: head of the United Nations, called
Page 85 and 86: UNGA Resolution A/RES/66/253 green
Page 87 and 88: eporters that the regime was detain
Page 89 and 90: leaked by a defector from this cove
Page 91 and 92: 44. ^ "Clashes kill 11 Syrian soldi
Page 93 and 94: 103. ^ Fishel, Justin (20 January 2
Page 95 and 96: 163. ^ "Syria denies massacre of 20
Page 97 and 98: 227. ^ "Fri, 17 Feb 2012, 18:34". A
Page 99 and 100: 289. ^ "Assad meets Annan on Syrian
Page 101 and 102: 350. ^ "Syria Now 8-4-2012 | Local
Page 103 and 104:
at least 14 people by mid day when
Page 105 and 106:
June 2012 The first weekend of June
Page 107 and 108:
ebels were killed including a defec
Page 109 and 110:
Homs. 28 rebels were slain; 5 defec
Page 111 and 112:
a b 9. ^ "Syria: 15 troops killed i
Page 113 and 114:
70. ^ "Largest protest in Aleppo si
Page 115 and 116:
135. ^ Friday came to an end with t
Page 117 and 118:
214. ^ ELIZABETH A. KENNEDY, Associ
Page 119 and 120:
280. ^ a b [21]. 17 July 2012. Syri
Page 121 and 122:
360. ^ http://www.lccsyria.org/9623
Page 123 and 124:
The Syrian government denied respon
Page 125 and 126:
16. ^ Carey, Glen (14 July 2012). "
Page 127 and 128:
The Battle of Damascus, also known
Page 129 and 130:
sixteen in the district. Thompson c
Page 131 and 132:
3. Damascus bombing 18 July 2012 Fr
Page 133 and 134:
19. ^ "Damascus bomber was bodyguar
Page 135 and 136:
Towns under Kurdish control As of 2
Page 137 and 138:
Free Syrian Army Units [4] Commande
Page 139 and 140:
• France - The French foreign min
Page 141 and 142:
a b 49. ^ "Syrian rebels, regime fo
show all

Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?