Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

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22444 شھيد في 500 يوم لغاية تاريخ 10. ^ "Most Syrian Kurdish Parties Boycott Opposition Gathering". Rudaw. 29 August 2011. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/3941.html. Retrieved 13 November 2011. 11. ^ Bruneau, Eric (13 November 2011). "Kurdish Leader: We Oppose Foreign Intervention in Syria". Rudaw. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4142.html. Retrieved 20 January 2012. 12. ^ "Syria's Kurds: are they about to join the uprising against Assad?". Kurdish Globe. http://www.kurdishglobe.net/display-article.html?id=B401BD71512EFC6525D69EA3048CD6F7. Retrieved 13 November 2011. 13. ^ "End to Turkey's Kurdish conflict fades from sight". The Daily Star Lebanon. 23 March 2012. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Mar-23/167766-end-to-turkeys-kurdish-conflict-fades-fromsight.ashx#axzz1pyeOIpkO. Retrieved 30 July 2012. 14. " 29/7/2012 ^ syrianshuhada.com/. ‏."عدد الشھداء الموثقين syrianshuhada.com/. http://syrianshuhada.com/. Retrieved 30 July 2012. 15. ^ "Syria: Administrative Divisions (population and area)". World Gazetteer: Syria. http://www.worldgazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gadm&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-202&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500. Retrieved 30 July 2012. 16. ^ "Syrian Forces Shell Cities as Opposition Picks Leader". New York Times. 10 June 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/world/middleeast/syrian-forces-shell-cities-as-opposition-picks-leader.html. Retrieved 30 July 2012. 17. ^ "Syria security forces 'open fire at Kurd's funeral'". BBC News. 27 July 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldmiddle-east-15227172. Retrieved 1 February 2012. 18. ^ "Syrian Kurds Try to Maintain Unity". Rudaw. 17 July 2012. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4964.html. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 19. ^ "Syria: Massive protests in Qamishli, Homs". CNTV. 19 May 2011. http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20110519/103075.shtml. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 20. ^ "Syrian Kurdish Official: Now Kurds are in Charge of their Fate". Rudaw. 27 July 2012. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/5010.html. Retrieved 30 July 2012. 21. ^ a b "More Kurdish Cities Liberated As Syrian Army Withdraws from Area". Rudaw. 20 July 2012. http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurds/4978.html. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 22. ^ "City of Derik taken by Kurds in Northeast Syria". Firat news. 21 July 2012. http://en.firatnews.com/index.php?rupel=article&nuceID=4957. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 23. ^ "Ban: Syrian regime 'failed to protect civilians'". CNN. 22 July 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/21/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html?hpt=hp_t2. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 24. ^ "Clashes between Kurds and Syrian army in the Kurdish city of Qamişlo, Western Kurdistan". Ekurd.net. 21 July 2012. http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2012/7/syriakurd542.htm. Retrieved 27 July 2012. a b 25. ^ "Armed Kurds Surround Syrian Security Forces in Qamishli". Rudaw. 22 July 2012. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4984.html. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 26. ^ "Fighting in Syria indicates Bashar Assad's end isn't imminent". Charlotteobserver.com. 23 July 2012. http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/07/23/3400914/fighting-in-syria-indicates-bashar.html. Retrieved 27 July 2012. a b 27. ^ "Girke Lege Becomes Sixth Kurdish City Liberated in Syria". Rudaw. 24 July 2012. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4992.html. Retrieved 27 July 2012. a b c d e 28. ^ "Liberated Kurdish Cities in Syria Move into Next Phase". Rudaw. 25 July 2012. http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4999.html. Retrieved 28 July 2012. a b 29. ^ "Tyrkisk avis: Kurdistan nr. 2 bliver dannet" (in Danish). Jiyan.dk. 22 July 2012. http://jiyan.dk/2012/07/tyrkisk-avis-kurdistan-nr-2-bliver-dannet/. Retrieved 28 July 2012. 30. ^ a b "SYRIA WITNESS: Aleppo Braces for Onslaught From Assad’s 4th Brigade". Middle East Voices. 27 July 2012. http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com/2012/07/syria-witness-aleppo-braces-for-onslaught-from-assads-4th-brigade- 69086/. Retrieved 29 July 2012. 31. ^ "Aleppo: The last battle for Syria". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/07/2012730103733476503.html. Retrieved 31 July 2012. "...he state of the emboldened Kurdish community in northern Syria and the sight of Kurdish flags in Qamishli where the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and its local affiliate, the Democratic Union Party (PYD), may be in control of territory lost by the Assad regime must be giving Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu sleepless nights" 5. Battle of Aleppo (19-31 July 2012) Date Location Result From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 19 July 2012 – ongoing Aleppo, Syria • By 28 July, rebels reportedly control 33%-50% of the city [1] • By 31 July, FSA claims to be in control of the southern and eastern parts of the city. [2] • Kurdish YPG takes control of two northern districts [3] Belligerents
Free Syrian Army Units [4] Commanders and leaders Abdel Jabbar al-Oqaidi [6] (Salaheddine district) [7] Units involved Popular Protection Abu Abdu Bakri 18 battalions [8] Brigade of Unification [9] Sham Falcons [10] Strength Syrian government Syrian Army Syrian Police Syrian Air Force Shabiha Al-Berri clan [5] Unknown Unknown 2,000–4,000 fighters [11][12][13] 10,000 soldiers (1,500 Shabiha; including the 12,000 foreign fighters (Syrian state media claims) [14] countryside) [15][11] 100 tanks [11] 400 armored personnel carriers [11] Casualties and losses 100 killed, 13+ technicals destroyed [16] 80 killed, [17] 125 captured, 12–15 AFVs destroyed and 4–7 captured 142 civilians killed [18][19][20] The Battle of Aleppo (described by the Syrian government as the mother of all battles), [21] is an ongoing military confrontation in Aleppo, Syria between the Free Syrian Army and the Syrian military. The battle began on 19 July 2012 as a part of the Syrian civil war. Clashes began with an offensive by the Free Syrian Army against the city, which is the largest in Syria and holds great strategic and economic importance. [22] Background Large demonstrations against the government took place in Aleppo on 20 July, [23] and were fired upon by Syrian army soldiers. [24] North of Aleppo city, the Free Syrian Army had already established control of several cities and towns, including Tal Rifaat, Azaz and Al-Bab. The FSA had previously reached within nine miles of Aleppo. The battle began when dozens of FSA rebels penetrated deep inside the city. Residents had painted walls with the pre-Ba'athist flag, the symbol of the revolution. [22] Battle Rebel attack Violent clashes began on 19 July in several Aleppo districts. [25] On 20 July, according to a report from Bloomberg news, the military shelled the city, a Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) spokesperson said in an e-mail that 190 civilians and at least 43 Syrian soldiers were killed and a Local Coordination Committee (LCCs) spokesperson added that "dozens of missiles fell in the city, and many houses were destroyed and flattened." Five explosions were heard in Aleppo early the next morning. [26] On 21 July, fighting was still raging in the southwestern Salaheddine district, with the army trying to storm it with troops and armored vehicles. Meanwhile clashes started in the poorer, tribal northeastern district of al-Sakhour. Hundreds of families were forced to flee as the commercial city had been slowly turned into a war zone. [27] Violent clashes also took place in the northeastern Haydariya area in Aleppo. [28] The head of intelligence in Aleppo, Major General Mohamed Muflih, reportedly defected to the opposition and went to Turkey. [29][30] On 22 July, the fourth day of major fighting in Aleppo, the Syrian army started to push into the Salaheddine district, which had been in rebel hands for two days, with armoured vehicles. [31] Battles took place near the main intelligence headquarters of Aleppo. [32] It was reported that rebels controlled three neighbourhoods in Aleppo. The al-Zabadia police station and the immigration and passport building in Aleppo saw clashes as well as the areas of Saif al-Dawla, al-Jameeliya and al-Meridian. [29] It was further reported that the FSA had set up checkpoints in the city. A brigadier general defected inside Aleppo. According to The Guardian UK, General Adelnasser Ferzat made a video address in fluent Russian to Russia, urging Russia to stop backing Assad and back "freedom" and the rebels' side. [22] On 23 July, renewed fighting in Aleppo was reported, with rebel fighters attacking the main TV station of the city. The Free Syrian Army aired a live steam video on Al Jazeera showing their fighters moving freely in the Tareeq al-Bab district of Aleppo city. [33] 33 people were reportedly killed in the city in the previous two days. [34] State media reported that dozens of rebels had been killed by the Syrian Army north of Aleppo, among them Mahmoud al-Ashqar, leader of a rebel group. [35] A rebel commander inside Aleppo told Al-Jazeera via Skype that his fighters had captured five districts in the city, but that these districts were still being heavily shelled by artillery and attack helicopters. [36] During the night, eight people were reported killed at Aleppo central prison. The Syrian National Council said that security forces "opened fire with bullets and tear gas on the detainees at Aleppo central prison in response to a peaceful sit-in organised by prisoners because of the great injustice of which they are victims," and that a fire broke out at the prison. [37] Another report said that 15 prisoners were killed and over 40 were injured, according to Al Arabiya who were citing activists at the Aleppo Revolution Council. Furthermore, the group also said that security forces refused to hand over the dead bodies to relatives and that heavy clashes between the FSA and security forces took place around the prison after the killings. [38] City centre fighting and Army reinforcements sent On 24 July, FSA fighters began a new offensive in Aleppo, aimed at taking the city centre. Heavy clashes broke out near the gates of the Old city between rebel fighters and government forces. [39] Also, a resident of the Aleppo suburb of al-Sahkour said that the FSA had set up checkpoints in the district. [40] In addition, Al-Arabiya reported about clashes between rebels and army soldiers in the Aleppo neighborhood of Al-Arqoub. [41] The Sham news network said that 30 security force members were killed or injured and three tanks destroyed in a neighbourhood of Aleppo the previous day. [42] Later during the day, for the first time since the beginning of the civil war in Syria, Syrian war planes bombed Aleppo (with videos showing L-39 attack aircraft over the city). The coordinated attack started with a 10-minute artillery attack on the eastern Tariq al-Bab district, after which, fighter jets hit rebel positions, reportedly leaving dozens of fighters and civilians dead. [43] Government soldiers and rebels were still engaged in heavy fighting near the Old city, while the Free Syrian Army stated it had control of at least six districts of Aleppo, a claim partially supported by a BBC journalist outside Aleppo. [44] Two rebels were reported killed during the day. [45] Opposition activists stated that thousands of government troop reinforcements were moving from Idlib toward Aleppo. [46] One of the
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Syrian Civil War Сирийские
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