Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

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Damascus Countryside. 22 rebels were killed. [324] 34 soldiers were slain. [325] The weekly death toll, according to SOHR, resulted in a body count of 209 rebels & 351 soldiers. [326] 23 July 175 civilians were killed by the Syrian army by the end of the day, including 90 in Damascus and its suburbs alone. [327] At least 35 soldiers and 17 rebels died. [328] 24 July The Syrian ambassador to Cyprus, Lamia al-Hariri, defected to the opposition bringing the total number of ambassadors to defect publicly to 3. She is the niece of Syrian Vice President Farouk al-Sharaa. The former ambassador to Sweden, Bassam Imadi said that the envoys to Germany, the Czech Republic, and Belarus, had defected already, but have not announced it publicly due to fears over government reprisals. [329] 150 civilians were killed by the Syrian army, including 46 in Hama, of which over 30 died in a massacre in Latamna. [330] 26 soldiers and 4 opposition fighters were killed. [331] Regime MiG-23s [332] bomb eastern areas of the commercial capital of Syria, Aleppo, the first solid claims of war planes being used by Assad. Sarah Leah Whitson, the director of the Middle East division of Human Rights Watch, said the use of fighter jets in populated areas was of great concern. [333] 25 July Turkey closed all border gates with Syria due to worsening security conditions, though it would still let refugees cross. [334] Syria’s ambassador to the UAE, Abdelatif al-Dabbagh defected to Qatar, where his wife, Lamaya al-Hariri who defected earlier was also staying. [335] A military attache to the Syrian embassy to Oman defected. [336] Also two more Brigadier Generals defected, going to Turkey, bring the total number of defected generals to 27. [337] 129 people were killed by the Syrian army by evening. 27 were killed Damascus and its Suburbs, where most killed in a massacre in the Qaboun neighborhood, their bodies were discovered today. [338] At least 41 soldiers and 32 opposition fighters died throughout the country. [339] Fighting continued much of the day in the southern suburb of Kadam, and young men report the Syrian Army setting people's houses on fire. [340] A long column of dozens of Assad's tanks, brought in from Idlib and Hama, [341] approached Aleppo in an attempt to crush the opposition forces there. [342] 26 July Ikhlas al-Badawi, Syrian legislator for the Aleppo Governorate, defected from the city of Aleppo and into Turkey, [343] blaming the 'savage torture' of the Assad regime and becoming the first member of the rubber-stamp assembly dominated by the Ba'ath party to defect. [344] As the Free Syrian Army holds western and eastern neighborhoods of Aleppo, Assad's army bombards the western neighborhoods with mortars, and bombards the eastern neighborhood with Russian Mi-25 helicopter gunships. [345] Over 200 civilians were killed by the Syrian army by the end of the day. 47 were killed in Aleppo, while 46 were killed Damascus and its Suburbs, where most killed in a massacre in the Yalda and Saynab neighborhoods. [346] 27 July - Friday of "The Revolt of the Two Capitals" Over 100 civilians were killed by the Syrian army, including 30 in Daraa. [347] The Syrian ambassador to Belarus and the Baltic states announced his defection to the opposition. [348] Protests occurred throughout Syria, as the Syrian army prepared to converge onto Aleppo, in a bid to try to retake the city from the Free Syrian Army. [349] 28 July A Syrian TV presenter on state TV defected, citing crimes against civilians committed by the state. [350] Over 180 civilians were killed by the Syrian army by the end of the day, primarily in Aleppo, Daara, and the Damascus suburbs. [351] Assad's forces bombarded FSA-held areas of Aleppo, and then sent in tanks supported by helicopter gunships. However, the FSA attacked the invading tanks with rocket-propelled grenades, causing the tanks to withdraw, so Assad's forces went back to bombarding FSA-held neighborhoods from afar. [352][353] 29 July 114 civilians were killed by the Syrian army by the end of the day, including 41 in Damascus and its suburbs, of which 36 were killed in a massacre in Moadamiyeh. [354] The Syrian opposition ask allies for heavy arms to stop tanks and aeroplanes. [355] 30 July Syrian rebels seize strategic checkpoint between Aleppo and Turkey after a 10-hour battle. [356] Deputy police chief in Syria's Latakia, a brigadier general, flees and defected to Turkey with 11 other Syrian officers. [357] Syria closes Australian embassy. [358] Syrian Chargé d'Affaires, Khaled al-Ayoubi, has informed the Britain's Foreign Office today that he has left his post in the Syrian embassy in London because he is "no longer willing to represent a regime that has committed such violent and oppressive acts against its own people." [359] At least 100 people were killed by the Syrian army, including 30 in the Damascus suburbs and 25 in Aleppo. [360] 31 July Syrian rebels overran two police stations in Aleppo city, killing at least 40 policemen. [361] The defenders of the police stations and posts were Mukhabarat and Shabiha, both of whom have been accused of abuses including torture and rape and summary justice appears to have been meted out in some instances. Continued rebel resistance against armour and artillery in districts of Salheddine and Hamdanuyeh. A militia loyal to Assad carried out an assault near the city's airport which made the road viable for regime soldiers and supplies to be brought from Damascus. [362] Syrian rebels capture military base in Al-Bab, near to Aleppo, effectively freeing the city, after withdrawal of government forces. [363] 97 civilians were killed by the Syrian army, including 22 in Aleppo and 15 in Homs. [364] while the Syrian consul in Armenia, Mohammad Hussam Hafez, defected to the opposition. [365] References 1. ^ Oliver, Christine (26 October 2010). "Corruption index 2010: the most corrupt countries in the world". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/interactive/2010/oct/26/corruption-index-2010-countries-world. Retrieved 10 April 2011. 2. ^ "Syrian protestors want a regime change". ABC. 25 March 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3174120.htm. Retrieved 25 March 2011. 3. ^ "From Syria 1-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8249. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 4. ^ Blair, David. "Syria: nine members of same family killed by Assad regime troops". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9239136/Syria-nine-members-of-same-family-killed-by- Assad-regime-troops.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 5. ^ Spencer, Richard (1 May 2012). "Inside Syria's broken city of Homs". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9239518/Inside-Syrias-broken-city-of-Homs.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 6. ^ "30 dead in Syria as UN calls for truce". Sky News. 30 dead in Syria as UN calls for truce. http://www.skynews.com.au/topstories/article.aspx?id=745762&vId=3224804&cId=Top%20Stories. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 7. ^ "UN: Both sides in Syria are violating the truce". CBS News. 1 May 2012. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301- 202_162-57425707/un-both-sides-in-syria-are-violating-the-truce/. Retrieved 2 May 2012. (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for ‏"مقتل " 15 ^ 8. Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/2-5-2012-syrian%20observatory3.htm. Retrieved 2 May 2012. عنصرا نظاميا بينھم ضابطان في كمين في ريف حلب الشمالي
a b 9. ^ "Syria: 15 troops killed in Aleppo". The Daily Telegraph. 2 May 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9240751/Syria-15-troops-killed-in-Aleppo.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 10. ^ "Syria army suffers deadliest day since ceasefire". The Daily Telegraph. 2 May 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9241244/Syria-army-suffers-deadliest-day-sinceceasefire.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 11. ^ "Syria: War Crimes in Idlib During Peace Negotiations". Human Rights Watch. http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/02/syria-war-crimes-idlib-during-peace-negotiations. Retrieved 3 May 2012. 12. ^ "Rights group accuses Syria of 'war crimes'". Al Jazeera. 2 May 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/05/20125292646304502.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012. 13. ^ "Syria Now 2-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8273. Retrieved 3 May 2012. 14. ^ "Syria Today 03-5-2012". 4 May 2012. Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8288. 15. ^ "Syrian army must ‘make the first move’ to end violence: U.N. observer chief". Al Arabiya. 3 May 2012. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/03/212007.html. Retrieved 4 May 2012. 16. ^ Karam, Zeina (3 May 2012). "Syrian forces 'raid university'". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syrian-forces-raid-university-7711656.html. Retrieved 4 May 2012. 17. ^ Mackey, Robert (4 May 2012). "Syrian Activists Report Crackdown on Student Protests in Major City". The New York Times. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/syrian-activists-report-crackdown-on-student-protests-in-majorcity/. Retrieved 4 May 2012. 18. ^ "University protest in Syria 'turns deadly'". Al Jazeera. 3 May 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/05/2012538418249180.html. Retrieved 4 May 2012. 19. ^ "White House says world may have to ‘admit defeat’ on Syria peace plan, try something else". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 4 May 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-says-world-mayhave-to-admit-defeat-on-syria-peace-plan-try-something-else/2012/05/03/gIQAbYb6zT_story.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012. 20. ^ a b Warrick, Joby (6 May 2012). "Syrian cease-fire violations deepen gloom over options for ousting Assad". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/syrian-cease-fire-violations-deepen-gloom-overoptions-for-ousting-assad/2012/05/05/gIQA72xP4T_story.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012. 21. ^ Karouny, Mariam (4 May 2012). "Syrian forces kill five in Damascus, Aleppo protests". Reuters UK. Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/05/04/uk-syria-idUKBRE84319L20120504. Retrieved 4 May 2012. 22. ^ Gladstone, Rick (4 May 2012). "Aleppo Clash Poses Risk of Widening Syrian Revolt". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/05/world/middleeast/aleppo-clash-poses-risk-of-widening-syrian-revolt.html. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 23. ^ "Syria Today 4-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8305. 24. ^ Chulov, Martin (4 May 2012). "Syrian forces executing and burning residents of Idlib, Amnesty says". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/04/syrian-forces-executing-burning-idlib. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 25. ^ "Inside Syria’s crackdown: ‘I found my boys burning in the street’". Amnesty International. http://livewire.amnesty.org/2012/05/04/inside-syrias-crackdown-i-found-my-boys-burning-in-the-street/. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 26. ^ Charbonneau, Louis (4 May 2012). "Analysis - West doubtful of U.N. Syria peace push, no "Plan B"". Reuters UK. Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/05/04/uk-syria-un-idUKBRE8431DB20120504. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 27. ^ Ben, Ilan (4 May 2012). "Kofi Annan believes Syrian peace plan 'on track'". The Times of Israel. http://www.timesofisrael.com/kofi-annan-believes-syrian-peace-plan-on-track/. Retrieved 26 May 2012. 28. ^ Karouny, Mariam (5 May 2012). "Explosions hit Syria's two main cities, five dead". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/05/us-syria-explosion-idUSBRE84406F20120505. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 29. ^ "Car bombing kills 5 in Aleppo in latest blow to Syrian truce". Los Angeles Times. 5 May 2012. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/05/car-bombing-kills-5-in-aleppo-in-latest-blow-to-syrian-truce.html. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 30. ^ "Syrian Army has not pulled out tanks: UN monitors". Arab News. Reuters. 6 May 2012. http://arabnews.com/middleeast/article626102.ece. Retrieved 6 May 2012. 31. ^ "Syria Today 5-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8319. Retrieved 6 May 2012. 32. ^ "Syrian forces kill nine - say opposition groups". Kuwait News Agency. 6 May 2012. http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2238696&language=en. Retrieved 7 May 2012. 33. ^ "Syria 6-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8323. Retrieved 7 May 2012. 34. ^ "Syria Today 7-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8339. Retrieved 11 May 2012. 35. ^ "Death Toll Reaches 36 in Syria During Elections". Journal of Turkish Weekly. 8 May 2012. http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/135743/death-toll-reaches-36-in-syria-during-elections.html. Retrieved 11 May 2012. 36. ^ "From Syria 8-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8356. Retrieved 11 May 2012. 37. ^ "Syria bomb attacks cast doubt on future of observer mission: U.N. chief". Al Arabiya. 9 May 2012. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/09/213158.html. Retrieved 11 May 2012. 38. ^ "Syria Today 9-5-2012". Local Coordination Committees of Syria. http://www.lccsyria.org/8368. Retrieved 11 May 2012. 39. ^ Neil MacFarquhar; Hwaida Saad (10 May 2012). "Explosions Kill Dozens in Damascus". 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Syrian Civil War Сирийские
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green Cities controlled by pro-Assa
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damaged their respective Syrian emb
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