Syrian Civil War 2011-2012 - Societa italiana di storia militare

5 July 63 civilians were killed; 28 in Idlib & 11 in Damascus Countryside. 2 civilians were killed by an IED in As-Suwayda
Governorate. 3 rebels were slain; a rebel leader was shot by a sniper in Ariha. A leader of a rebel battalion was slain in Dera'a. [238] 24
soldiers were killed; a brigadier-general was assassinated in Homs Province. [238]
6 July - Friday of "People's Liberation War" Protests were widespread after Friday prayers, occurring primarily in Central Aleppo
and Damascus and its suburbs, as well as the Homs, Hama, Idlib, Daara, and Deir Ezzor governates. At least 89 people were killed in
clashes by noon. [239][240][241] The Syrian Army captured the rebel-held town of Khan Sheikhoun in Idlib province after opposition
forces retreated the previous night. [242] A high-ranking military official and brigade commander in the Republican Guard, Manaf Tlass,
son of the former defense minister Mustafa Tlass, defected to Turkey. This was because anger over civilian deaths during the
uprising. [243] SOHR reported the deaths of 67 civilians; 13 in Damascus Countryside & 11 in Homs. 5 civilians were killed during
regime bombardment of Nawa. 6 rebels were slain; 3 in Idlib. [244] 27 soldiers were killed, including a first lieutenant in Aleppo. [244]
7 July LCC reported the deaths of 71 people were killed by the Syrian army by the end of the day, including 21 in Deir Ezzor. [245]
SOHR reported the deaths of 37 civilians; 15 in Deir Ezzor & 6 in Hama. Also, 5 bodies were found in Hamourieh. 13 rebels were
slain; 5 in Aleppo. A defected lieutenant was killed in Aleppo, a defected lieutenant colonel was blown up in Idlib & a defected first
sergeant was killed in Damascus Countryside. [246] 21 soldiers were killed. [246] Rebels downed a surveillance aircraft, marking an
increase in rebel military capabilities. [246]
8 July LCC reported the deaths of 57 civilians and 3 rebels were killed by the Syrian army by evening, primarily in the Damascus
suburbs and Homs. [247] SOHR reported the deaths of 53 civilians; 11 in Hama & 9 in Deir Ezzor. A doctor was assassinated in
Damascus. 17 rebels were slain; 5 in Homs. A rebel leader was killed during an opposition operation in Dera'a Province. [248] 36
soldiers were killed across the country. [248]
9 July 51 civilians were killed by the evening; 10 in Idlib & 7 in Aleppo. 5 rebels were killed along with a defected soldier. [249] 36
soldiers killed; including an officer killed in an attack in Idlib. 10 soldiers were killed, in Deir Izzor, when a procession of military
vehicles was targeted. [249] NBC reports that the rebels have gained significant territory over the past few weeks, and now control much
of the rural countryside. [250]
10 July 68 civilians were killed by the Syrian army by the end of the day, including 19 in Deir Ezzor and 11 in the Damascus
suburbs. [251] 18 soldiers and 9 rebels were killed by the end of the day. [252]
11 July The Syrian ambassador to Iraq, Nawaf al-Fares defected to the opposition. [253] He is the most senior diplomat to defect so far
in the entire conflict. [254] He gave a statement to Al Jazeera, saying "I urge all honest members of this party to follow my path because
the regime has turned it to an instrument to kill people and their aspiration to freedom." Fares also called upon the military to join the
ranks of the Syrian revolution. His defection dealt a "moral and political blow" to the Syrian Government and another diplomat, the
Syrian ambassador to Sweden, Mohammad Bassam Imadi defected in December 2011. [255] 78 people were killed by the Syrian army
by the end of the day, including 22 in Homs and 13 members of the Palestinian liberation army. [256] 28 soldiers were killed; including
three officers. 9 rebels and 44 civilians were killed by the Syrian army; according to SOHR. [257]
12 July Following a rebel ambush against a military convoy near Hama, the military made a counter-attack that led to a battle with
the Free Syrian Army in Tremseh, Syria leading to a reported death of dozens of rebels, and an unknown amount of civilians. [258] Two
days later, the UN observer mission issued a statement, based on the investigation by its team that went to the town, that the Syrian
military mainly targeted the homes of rebels and activists, in what the BBC said was a contradiction of the initial opposition claims of
a civilian massacre. They said that the number of casualties was unclear and added that they intend to return to the town to continue
their investigation. [259][260] Four days after the battle, the Free Syrian Army backtracked on their initial death toll of 200, saying it had
been overblown because many of the wounded were counted as dead, and reduced the list of those confirmed killed to 68-103 names.
But still, activist Abu Adnan, continued to claim 150 died, with the rest of the bodies allegedly being unidentifiable or stolen by the
military during their assault. [261] In all the LCC reported 287 people killed across Syria, including in the Battle of Tremseh. [262]
13 July - Friday of "down with Annan, servant of Assad" US officials say that Syria is moving chemical weapons out of
storage. [263][264] 71 people were killed by Syrian army gunfire and shelling, primarily in Idlib and Homs. [265] "Massive" demonstration
came out against the Syrian government in Aleppo, with other big protests occurring in Damascus, its suburbs, Hama, Daara, and the
Idlib and Deir Ezzor province. [266] SOHR reported the deaths of 59 civilians; 13 in Damascus & 12 in Idlib. 32 rebels were slain;
including a first lieutenant in Aleppo. 18 fighters were killed in Idlib Province during regime assaults on villages in the area. [267] 37
soldiers were killed across the country. [267]
14 July SOHR reported the deaths of 49 civilians by evening; 13 in the Damascus Countryside & 11 in Deir Ezzor. An IED explosion
hit the Fatima al-Saqqa school, in the al-Karama neighbourhood of Hama, killing 4 civilians including 2 children. 24 rebels were slain
throughout the country; 8 in Aleppo. 10 rebels were killed in Homs; including a defected lieutenant colonel. A defected first sergeant
was also killed in Deir Ezzor. [268] 39 Syrian soldiers were killed; 13 were killed in Aleppo, including an officer. 12 soldiers were killed
during an attack on a ZiL truck in Idlib Province. [268] 75 civilians were killed by the end of the day, including 20 in Homs. [269]
15 July See also: Battle of Damascus (2012) SOHR reported the deaths of 59 civilians by evening; 16 in Homs, 8 in Dera'a & 8 in
Deir Ezzor. A nurse from was tortured to death, by security services, in al-Qouriya, Deir Ezzor. A refugee camp was bombarded in
Dera'a, killing one. 16 rebels were slain; 2 rebel fighters, including the leader of a battalion, were killed during clashes by the al-Omar
oil field, Deir Ezzor. [270] 41 soldiers were killed across the country. [270] By the end of the day the LCC reported 72 people dead,
primarily in Homs, Hama, and Idlib. [271] The rebels have started the operation to liberate Damascus, an operation called "Damascus
volcano and Syrian earthquake". [272]
16 July For a second day, heavy clashes in the southern Midan and Tadhamon districts of Damascus raged [273] with the military
managing to surround the rebel forces in the area and sending tanks and other armored vehicles into the neighborhoods. The rebels
called the clashes a raid by them against the capital, [274] while the government called it a 48-hour military operation to clear the area of
any opposition forces. There were also indications that the government knew about the planed rebel raid and acted on the information.
According to state TV, the military killed over 80 rebel fighters during the fighting. [275] On their part, the rebels would claim, by the
following day, to had killed 70 soldiers and pro-government militiamen [276] and that they had shot down a military helicopter. [277]
Morocco expelled the Syrian ambassador from the country, Syria retaliated by declaring the Moroccan ambassador there persona non
grata. [278] By the end of the day, the LCC reported 97 killed by the Syrian army, including 30 in Hama, 21 in Homs, 13 in Aleppo, 11
in Damascus, 8 in Daraa, 7 in Deir Ezzor, 4 in the suburbs of Damascus, and 3 in Idlib. [279] SOHR reported the deaths of 84 civilians,
including 43 in Hama. 34 of these were slain in al-Hamidiyeh neighbourhood due to regime advancements. 14 civilians were killed in