Russian Nuclear Weapons: Past, Present, and Future

closely fit one of first strike scenarios built into the early warning
system. For details, see Nikolai Sokov, “Can Norway Trigger a
Nuclear War? Notes on the Russian Command and Control System.”
PONARS Policy Memo No. 24, 1997.
74. Aleksandr Khramshikhin, “Strategicheskie Vooruzheniya
ne Panatseya ot Ugrozy Voennogo Napadeniya dlya Rossii,”
Voenno-Promyshlennyi Kurier, No. 11, 2010.
75. The Iskander-E was developed with a range of 280 km
to avoid the restrictions of the Missile Technology Control Regime
(MTCR)—the multilateral arrangement that seeks to restrict
exports of missiles able to carry a 500 km payload to a distance
of 300 km or more. The letter “E” in the missile’s name denotes
the “export” variant. See Nikita Petrov, “Asimmetrichnyi Otvet”
(“An Asymmetric Response”), Strana.Ru, February 16, 2007;
Nikolai Poroskov, “Evropa pod Pritselom” (“Europe in Sights”),
Vremya Novostei, February 16, 2007.
76. See the Address to the Federal Assembly by President of
Russia Dmitri Medvedev on November 5, 2008, available from president.kremlin.ru/text/appears/2008/11/208749.shtml.
77. Vera Sitnina, “Voina Mozhet Vspykhnut Vnezapno,” Vremya
Novostei, September 29, 2008.
78. Viktor Myasnikov, “GLONASS Dlya Vsekh,” Nezavisimoe
Voennoe Obozrenie, June 4, 2010.
79. Artur Blinov, “Raketnyi Torg na Alyaske” (“A Missile
Trade-off”), Oborona i Bezopasnost, August 30, 2006.
80. “Minoborony: Pri Neobkhodimosti Rossiya Mozhet Vyiti
iz Dogovora po RSMD” (“Ministry of Defense: If Necessary, Russia
Could Withdraw from the INF Treaty”), RIA Novosti, August
25, 2006; “Ekspert: Rossiya Mozhet Vyiti Iz Dogovora po RSMD v
Odnostoronnem Poryadke” (“Expert: Russia Could Unilaterally
Withdraw from the INF Treaty”), Interfax, August 25, 2006.
81. “Rossiya Mozhet Vyiti iz Dogovora po Raketam Srednei
Dalnosti” (“Russia Could Withdraw from the Intermediate-Range
Missiles Treaty”), Strana.Ru, February 15, 2007;
Nikita Petrov,
“Asimmetrichnyi Otvet” (“An Asymmetric Response”), Strana.
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