Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) - Joint Planning and ...
Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) - Joint Planning and ...
Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) - Joint Planning and ...
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<strong>Trajectory</strong>-<strong>Based</strong> <strong>Operations</strong> (<strong>TBO</strong>)<br />
Study Team Report<br />
will be enabled by the trajectory exchange through data communications, as well as many<br />
new surface automation <strong>and</strong> 3DT (x, y, <strong>and</strong> time) operations.<br />
Recommendation <strong>TBO</strong>-16<br />
Emphasis should be on developing <strong>and</strong> providing to the operator/user constraints <strong>and</strong> options that can<br />
be accepted <strong>and</strong> executed. Further, the <strong>TBO</strong> operational improvements should ensure access to all<br />
operator/user classes from AOCs to the single pilot general aviation operator. Many of the OIs as<br />
currently written have the ANSP telling the operator/user some action as opposed to giving choices.<br />
Under CATM, <strong>and</strong> in the context of the business trajectory, strategic choices should be presented from<br />
the ANSP to the operator/user.<br />
18.8 <strong>TBO</strong> Provides Opportunities for Improved Climb Performance<br />
<strong>TBO</strong> can be used to create OPC. What is needed is information on aircraft performance <strong>and</strong> desired<br />
climb rates to gain fuel efficiency <strong>and</strong> reduce the positional uncertainty in the vertical component of<br />
the 4DT. Information would include expected takeoff weight <strong>and</strong> then use aircraft performance tables<br />
to help define climb. If the aircraft calculates its own climb performance, the climb rate is given in the<br />
flight object, <strong>and</strong> the ANSP could issue altitude margins to meet. This is similar to altitude restrictions<br />
on arrival <strong>and</strong> approach, providing the pilot with minimum, maximum, <strong>and</strong> cross at altitudes. The<br />
objective is to eliminate intermediate level offs <strong>and</strong> set the climb gradient for the best performance for<br />
the aircraft.<br />
Recommendation <strong>TBO</strong>-17<br />
Create an OI on OPC <strong>and</strong> Tailored Departures. Aircraft reduce fuel consumption on departure through<br />
climbing optimally, without intermediate level segments, from takeoff until reaching their initial cruise<br />
altitude. Published departure procedures include vertical windows sufficient for aircraft to maintain<br />
their preferred vertical profile. These windows represent altitude boundaries at prescribed locations<br />
along the flight path. Equipped aircraft may negotiate a Tailored Departure with the ANSP when<br />
conditions permit. A Tailored Departure allows an aircraft to depart the airport towards its destination,<br />
as well as optimize its vertical profile once it has climbed above any noise or other obstruction<br />
restrictions. A Tailored Departure would normally be agreed on with the ANSP prior to departure, <strong>and</strong><br />
might require data link capability to permit the ANSP to modify the trajectory as needed. A Tailored<br />
Departure could follow the published procedure up to some altitude, then be tailored to the individual<br />
aircraft’s preferred direction once there is airspace available. When entry into a congested en route<br />
stream of traffic is the major goal, an OPC or Tailored Departure with timing constraints may be used<br />
to enable the aircraft to meet a time window matching a slot in the en route stream.<br />
Recommendation <strong>TBO</strong>-18<br />
Initiate research to do the following:<br />
Define the detailed concept, analyze environmental <strong>and</strong> fuel savings benefits, define the level<br />
of specificity needed for the trajectory to realize these benefits aircraft performance information<br />
needed for ground automation, model expected profiles <strong>and</strong> compare to actual performance,<br />
<strong>and</strong> develop the automation module needed to approve an OPC for departure.<br />
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> Development Office<br />
98