Flora of Dominica, Part 2 - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

66 CWSIACEAE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
2. Leaves lanceolate; petiole without a pit at the base;
flowers in elongate axillary racemes; sap clear. ....
.......................... Mariih
2. Leaves ovate; petiole with margined pit at base; flowers
in fascicles or short cymes; sap yellow.
3. Flowers in lateral fascicles; non-prop-rooted trees of
north & eastern slopes near sea. ..... Garcinia
3. Flowers in terminal cymes; prop-rooted trees of
interior rainforests ............. Tovomita
1. Venation undifferentiated, striate.
4. Flowers in terminal cymes; leaves strongly obovate;
petiole with a margined pit at base ....... Clusia
4. Flowers axillary or in terminal fascicles; leaves elliptic
to weakly obovate; petiole without margined pit at base.
5. Leaves acute; flowers red, in terminal fascicles; trees
with prop roots ............. Symphonia
5. Leaves rounded; flowers white to yellow, axillary;
trees without prop roots.
6. Flowers in axillary cymes; leaves with inconspicuous
glandular lines ......... Calophyllum
6. Flowers in axillary fascicles or solitary; leaves
conspicuously glandular-punctate ... Mammea
Calophyllum Linnaeus
Calophyllum antillanurn
Calophyllwn antillanurn Britton in Brinon & Wilson,1924.5584.
Calophyllwn calaba Jacquin, 1763:269, pl. 165, non Linnaeus.
Calophyllwn brasiliense Cambessedes var. antillanwn (Brittm) Standley,
1932:7.-Little & Wadsworth, 19M348, pl. 161.
Calophyllwnjacquinii Fawcett & Rendle, 1926,5200, nom. illeg. [incl. type of
Calophyllwn antillanwn Britton, 19241.
Calophyllwn calaba sensu aucn. non haeus.-Furtado, 1941.-Howard,
1962398.--Lourteig & Fosberg, 1985.-Howard, 1989,5320.
Galba.
Shrub or tree to 30 m; sap white; leaves elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, to 15 cm x 6 cm; petals white; drupe globoid,
to 2.5 cm wide.
West Indies; common in coastal thickets along north and east
coast of Dominica to 30 m, probably planted elsewhere:
Calibishie area (Ernst 1552,1687,1828, Hodge 3180), Clarke
Hall (Nicolson 2006, Stern & Wasshausen 2442), Portsmouth
(Hodge 533), Rosalie-La Plaine (Chambers 2725, Ernst 191 7,
Wilbur 8165,8327), Salybia (Hodge 3199). Flowering February-July,
fruiting August-April.
Used as windbreak and for timber.
The name Calophyllum calaba Linnaeus has mixed usage in
the sense of a neotropical element and as at least one Old World
element. I think Stevens (in Manilal, 1980:168-176;
1980:256) was correct in concluding that the name must be
typified on an Old World element, essentially as previously
concluded by Britton (l.c.) and Fawcett and Rendle (1.c). I do
not see that the Plumier element (source of the species epithet),
composed only of flowers and fruits, can support (be used as
lectotype) for a name validated by a nomen specificwn
legitimum that only pertains to leaf characters (“foliis ovatis
obtusis”). Some have suggested abandoning the Linnaean
name as a nomen dubium because of its mixed usage. For
further discussion see Nicolson et al. (1988:81).
Clusia Linnaeus
1. Epiphytic shrub or tree (dry west coast or rainforest);
petioles 1-2 cm long, fruit and flowers l(-3), individually
C. major
pedicellate ....................
1. Shrubby tree (mossy forest); leaves k sessile; fruit and
flowers many, individually sessile ....... C. mangle
Clusia major
Clusia major Linnaeus, 1753:509.-Howard, 1989,5:323.
Clusia alba Jacquin. 1760:34.-Grisebach, 1860:107.
Clvsia plukenetii sensu Hodge, 1954, pp. 33, 40, and Hodge & Taylor,
1957585, non Urban.
Caquelin, fige kaklin, pomme gros, lagalie, yabrico maron.
Shrub or epiphytic strangler to 20 m; sap white or yellow,
sticky; petals white; staminate material rare; fruit ovoid to
ellipsoid, dark purple, 3.5-6.0 cm x 5-6 cm, on a peduncle to
3 cm long, possibly indehiscent.
Lesser Antilles; in Dominica common in dry coastal areas to
montane rain-forests, 35-800 m: Baiac (Whitefoord 3778),
Clarke Hall (Nicolson 1828), Freshwater Lake area (Chambers
2682, Ernst 1779, Smith 10218, Wilbur 7442), Grand Savanne
(Stern& Wasshausen 2460), La Chaudiere (Hodge 3668), Pont
Casd area (Ernst 1813, 1859, Hodge 1205, Wilbur 7846),
Salybia (Hodge 3206, 3251), Sylvania (Cooper 63, Hodge
535). Syndicate (Whitefoord 4386). Flowering and hiting
appear to be continuous but Howard (1.c.) reports only one male
specimen and no dehiscent fruits have been seen in the field or
herbarium.
Aerial roots used for basket making and the sap for bird lime
(Hodge and Taylor, 1957:585).
Clusia major Linnaeus was extremely heterogeneous, as
published, but has been lectotypified (Howard, 1962392, fig.
1) on Clusiaflore albo, fructu coccineo Plumier (1703:21, pl.
87: fig. 1). This same plate was cited in the publications of
Clusia alba Jacquin (1760 and 1763). Linnaeus (1763:1495)
adopted Jacquin’s binomial and dropped his own earlier
binomial, an illegitimate procedure under the present Code.
Planchon and Triana misidentified Imray 358 (K) from
Dominica as Clusia minor Linnaeus, a species of Central and
northern South America and the Greater Antilles. Planchon and
Triana’s misidentification is the source of erroneous subsequent
citations of C. minor for Dominica.
Clusia plukenetii Urban (1908, 5:432) of Martinique, St.
Lucia and Barbados has a globoid fruit borne on a peduncle to
13 cm long.