Flora of Dominica, Part 2 - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

34 ASTERACEAB SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
lax on usually branched inflorescences.
Caribbean into northern South America; apparently rarely
collected on Dominica: Bataka (Hodge 3190, Stehlk 6388),
Rosehill (Eggers 503).
Caribs cultivate this for a febrifuge tea (Hodge and Taylor,
1957:614). Adjanohoun et al. (198569, pl. 36) mentioned use
in bath against evil magic.
Plants with long hairs and more divided upper leaves are
sometimes referred to A. cumunensis.
Baccharis Linnaeus
Baccharis pedunculata
Baccharis pedunculata (Miller) Cabrera, 1959:240.-Cuatrecasas, 1%8:48.
Conyza pedwculata Miller, 1768.
Eupltoriwn cotinifoliwn WiUdenow, 1794:ll; 1803,3:1769.
Baccharis specima A.P. Candolle, 1836,5:399.--Grisebach, 1861:366.
Baccharis cotinifdia (Willdenow) Urban, 1903, 3:406.--Domin, 193Od:69;
Stehl6, 1954b374.
Branching dioecious shrub to 2 m; leaves alternate,
coriaceous, 3-veined, 8-14 cm x 3-6 cm, apex shortly
acuminate to mucronate, base cuneate: inflorescence corymbose,
terminal; involucral bracts in 4-5 series; heads with
whitish pistillate or functionally staminate flowers: pappus
copious, longer on fertile than sterile flowers.
Widespread in South America, north into Central America
and Lesser Antilles: occasional at higher elevations (650 m to
summits) in Dominica: road from Baiac (Whitefoord 4600),
Freshwater Lake (Chambers 2736, Eggers 611, Ernst 1851),
Morne Anglais (Hodge 746, Wilbur 7961), Mme Trois Pitons
(Erst 2033, Pont Casse (King 6351, 6358, Webster 13458,
Wilbur 7750), Syndicate (Whitefoord 3524).
Bidens Linnaeus
Bidens reptans (Linnaeus) G. Don was attributed to
Dominica by Vt5lez (1957530) but no collections have been
seen. It differs from the following species as a scrambling
subshrub with terete stems, yellow ligulate flowers and
long-ciliate achenes.
1. Leaves bipinnate; achenes (3-9-awned. .........
....................... B. CynapirfoZia
1. Leaves 1-pinnate; achenes 2(-3)-awned.
2. Ray-florets sterile, conspicuous; achenes 2-awned; inner
involucral bracts green (ours) .......... B. aZh
2. Ray florets absent or fertile and inconspicuous; achenes
2(-3)-awned, inner involucral bracts brown ......
......................... B. pilosa
Bidens alba
Bkiens alba (Iinnaeus) A.P. Candolle, 1836,5:605.-Ballad, 1986:1463.
Coreopsis al& Linnaeus, 1753:908.
Bidens alba var. radiata
Bidcnr d& var. radiata (C. Schulu) Ballad in Melchert, 1975:295.-Ballad,
19861463.
Bidcnr pilosa var. radiata C. Schulu: in Webb & Bertholet, 1844,3(2,2):242.
White daisy, baksa (Carib).
Erect herb; leaves opposite (or upper alternate) usually with
3 leaflets; involucre 2-senate; receptacle chaffy; ray-florets
white, showy, sterile: disk-florets bisexual; achenes tipped by
2-6 teeth or awns, variously barbed or hispid.
Originally neotropical but now widely distributed; in
disturbed places of Dominica: Pont Casse (Chambers 2714,
Webster 13460), Salybia (Hodge 3285), St. Paul Parish (Cooley
8750), Springfield (King 6334, 6333, Sylvania (Hodge 763,
1141, King 6348, Nicolson 1869, Wilbur 7719).
Leaf juice is used to treat eye problems (Hodge and Taylor,
1957:614).
I tried to follow Ballard (1986) in dealing with B. alba and E.
pilosa, although our materials do not match his descriptions of
Central American taxa exactly.
Bidens cynapiifolia
Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth, 1820,4:185.--DOmin,
193Od:78.
Erect herb; leaves bipinnate to tripinnatifid; ray florets
inconspicuous, orange-yellow.
Caribbean to northern South America: occasional in dry
scrub thickets of Dominica: rocky hillsides near mouth of
Batali River (Chambers 2794 at US), Fonde Hunte Estate
(Whitefoord 4454).
Bidens pilosa
Bidens pilosa Linnaeus, 1753:832.--DOmin, 1930d:79.-Ballad, 1986 1464.
Erect herb; leaflets 3(-5); ray-florets absent or white and
inconspicuous.
Widely distributed weed; sometimes associated with B. alba
on Dominica: Grand Bay road (Ernst 1620, King 6319), Laudat
(Lloyd 177), Morne Micotrin (Hodge 2086?), Pont Casd
(Chambers 2715), Portsmouth (Hodge 764), Ridgefield
(Hodge 2187?), South Chiltern (Hodge 1518?).
Adjanohoun et al. (198573, pl. 39) reported medicinal
usages.
Specimens (at Harvard) cited with ? may belong to B. alba
var. rudiata.
Centratherum Cassini
Centratherum punctatum
Centrathenun punctatm Cassini in Cuvier, 1817,7:384.-Kirlunan, 1981:15.
Amperephis mutica Kunth, 1820,4:3 1.
Amphebecis violacca Schrank in Homschuch, 1824,1:86.
Centratherum muticwn (Kunth) Lessing, 1829:320.
Centratherwn viohcewn (Schrank) Gleason in North Amer. Fl., 1922,33:49.