Flora of Dominica, Part 2 - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

26 AWCYNACEAE-AQUIFOLIACEAE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Cabrits (Hodge 673, 674, 3719, Webster 13299, Whitefoord
3987), Canefield (Whitefoord 6096), Colihaut (Wilbur 8230),
Grand Savanne (Ernst 1039, Hodge 3776, Stern & Wasshausen
2463, Wilbur 7652), Salisbury (Ernst 1434).
Tabernaemontana Linnaeus
Tabernaemontana citnfolia
Tobernoemontono citrjColio haeus, 1753:210.-Lttle et al., 1974:832, pl.
667.
Bois lait, milkwood.
Shrub or small tree to 6 m; leaves opposite, ovate-obovate,
acuminate, cuneate, 9-20 cm x 4-8 cm, glabrous; flowers
white and fragrant; fruit green, fleshy, bursting open to show
orange seeds with red, fleshy aril.
Central America and Antilles (originally Lesser Antilles);
common in Dominica below 200 m from windswept eastern
coast to mesophytic areas of west coast, often in disturbed
areas: Cabrit swamp (Hodge 675, Whitefoord 4OO1), Calibishie
(Hodge 3160), Clarke Hall (Ernst 1440, Nicolson 1822, Stern
& Wusshuusen 305, 2410), La Plaine (Wilbur 8162), Lisdara
(Cooper 186), Melville Hall (Ernst 1032), Ridgefield Estate
(Hodge 2191), Salybia (Chambers 2629), sine loc. (Fishlock
34).
Milky sap of twigs used by Caribs to allay pain in toothache
(Hodge and Taylor, 1957597).
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Dr. T.R. Dudley (U.S. National Arboretum), long a student
of Ilex, reviewed this and several of his comments were
incorporated.
Zlex Linnaeus
This is a difficult genus. Loesener’s works, although
monographic, are somewhat flawed by an overemphasis on
extremes and ignoring of intermediates. The following treatment
probably goes too far in emphasizing intermediates and
ignoring extremes. I am particularly concerned that species
treated here as excluded or dubious or not discussed may have
been misidentified under I. sideroxyloides. As Dr. Dudley
commented, “The genus desperately awaits the attention of a
[new] monographer.”
Excluded Species or Dubious Records
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maximowicz was cited for Dominica by
Hodge (1954:40), along with I. sideroxyloides, as a characteristic
tree of the elfin woodland. It is possible that Dr. Hodge
meant to cite I. mucfadyenii, which is a characteristic tree of the
summits. This species is similar to I. sideroxyloides but has
larger, often subserrate leaves, is 4(-5)-merous rather than
(4-)5-7-merous, usually has shorter pedicels and a flatter
stigma. Dr. Dudley agrees that there is no evidence that I. nitida
occurs on Dominica.
Ilex guianensis (Aublet) Kuntze was attributed to Dominica
by Grisebach (1860:147) under the synonym Ilex macoucoua
Persoon, based on an Imray collection (non vidi). Dr. Dudley
advises me that Eggers 643 (non vidi) is mixed, one specimen
(G) being I. sideroxyloides and one (W) being I. guianensis. I
have so much difficulty understanding this and similar species
that I prefer to regard these, the only records of this species in
the Lesser Antilles, as dubious and hope that a monographer or
reviser will clarify this and other problems.
1.
1.
Leaves serrate (teeth to 2.5 mm), long-acuminate, membranous;
inflorescence (or flower) solitary in leaf axils
....................... Z. macfadyenii
Leaves entire; obtuse to short-acuminate, coriaceous;
inflorescences (or flowers) several in leaf axils
...................... Z. sideroxyioides
Zlex macfadyenii
Ilexmocfadyenii (Walpers)Rehder, 1922215.-Liule et al., 1974:448, pl. 461.
Prinar montonus Swam, 178858.
Prinar lancedotus Macfadyen, 1837:206, non J. Hill.
Prinar mocfodyenii Walpen, 1842, 1541.
Ilex ~O&M (Swam) Grisebach, 186Ck147, non Tomy & Gray ex Gray.
llex monto~ var. lonceoloto Grisebach, 1860:147.
Ilex montono var. occidentolb Loesener in Urban, 1892:313.
IIex mocfadyenii var. occidentolb (Loesener) Moscoso, 1943:331.
The typical element of the species appears to be restricted to
the Greater Antilles and Mexico and does not occur in the
Lesser Antilles. It has thicker leaves on shorter petioles, fewer
and smaller teeth, the leaf apices are not so strikingly
acuminate, and the floral pedicels are much branched.
Bornstein (in Howard, 1989, 5:llO) discussed but didn’t
recognize infraspecific taxa, including this.
Zlex macfadyenii subsp. ovata (Grisebach) Nicolson, comb.
nov.
llex mo&~
var. ovoto Grisebach, 18W.147.
Ilex m ~ nvar. t orientolb ~ ~ Loesener in Urban. 1892:313.
IIex macfadyenii var. coriboeo Stehle & Quentin in Stehle et al., 1937, 1:175.
Ti citron.
Glabrous shrub or tree to 2.5 m; twigs reddish purple; petiole
to 2.8 cm long; leaves membranous, elliptic-lanceolate or
ovate, serrate with teeth to 2.5 mm long, long-acuminate;
inflorescences or flowers solitary @ axils; fruit black.
St. Kitts, Nevis, Guadeloupe, Martinique; on summits or in
exposed montane or elfin woodlands of Dominica, 900-1425
m: Boiling Lake (Hodge 1942, Whitefoord 5470), Mome
Anglais (Wilbur 7949), Morne Diablotins (Chambers 2646,
Wasshamen & Ayensu 417, Webster 13357), Morne Nicholls
(Nicolson 1951), Morne Trois Pitons (Ernst 1217, 1223), sine
loc. (Eggers 855, Fishlock 6).