A Comprehensive Comparison of Lexemes in the ... - SIL International
A Comprehensive Comparison of Lexemes in the ... - SIL International
A Comprehensive Comparison of Lexemes in the ... - SIL International
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23<br />
(27) Kwamera hymn with English translation<br />
Ketaha pam tesagien<br />
Asori te Iesu.<br />
In reiwaiupehe iesa,<br />
Mamabi ketaha.<br />
In ravahi namiseien<br />
Ia nei kamerkwauwi.<br />
In ratagi neten, menwa,<br />
Rahakwi ketaha.<br />
We all rejoice<br />
Greatly about Jesus.<br />
He came here<br />
And had mercy on us.<br />
He has goodness<br />
On <strong>the</strong> cross.<br />
He poured out His blood so that<br />
It cleanses us.<br />
The difference between <strong>the</strong>se two orthographies is not due to different<br />
phonologies but reflects different op<strong>in</strong>ions <strong>of</strong> how <strong>the</strong> sounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various<br />
languages should be represented <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir respective orthographies. Missionaries<br />
who pr<strong>in</strong>ted materials <strong>in</strong> Kwamera were not opposed to us<strong>in</strong>g to show<br />
velarization. However, Lynch and L<strong>in</strong>dstrom used to show velarization<br />
only after and , while after <strong>the</strong>y used .<br />
These early orthographies also set <strong>the</strong> trend for represent<strong>in</strong>g [ŋ] as <br />
and <strong>the</strong> high central unrounded semi-vowel as .<br />
3.1.2 Influence <strong>of</strong> unique phonologies on orthography<br />
The languages <strong>of</strong> Tanna have slightly vary<strong>in</strong>g phonologies. These slight<br />
variations affect decisions about a suitable orthography. For example, dialects <strong>of</strong><br />
Kwamera, SW Tanna, and Vaha employ ei<strong>the</strong>r /r/ or /l/ but not both, while <strong>the</strong><br />
rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> languages <strong>of</strong> Tanna employ both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se phonemes. The phoneme /f w /<br />
is more common <strong>in</strong> Kwamera than <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r languages and has, <strong>the</strong>refore, at<br />
times been represented <strong>in</strong> Kwamera publications. As shown <strong>in</strong> example (28),<br />
certa<strong>in</strong> dialects—or certa<strong>in</strong> speakers <strong>of</strong> some dialects—regularly pronounce *ti as<br />
[ti] ra<strong>the</strong>r than with an affricate as [tʃi]. Note that for ‘choke,’ Lenakel uses /ti/<br />
whereas Kwamera, SW Tanna, Vaha, and Whitesands use /ji/ (pronounced [tʃi]).<br />
Likewise, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> word for ‘earthworm,’ Lenakel and N Tanna use /ti/ (reduced to<br />
/t/ <strong>in</strong> Lenakel) whereas <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r languages use /ji/.<br />
(28) choke V/TR earthworm N<br />
Kwamera: jiu Kwamera: m̃ əjikəro<br />
Lenakel: tiu Lenakel: m̃ ɨtkələu<br />
N Tanna: armegah N Tanna: m̃ atikəlo<br />
SW Tanna: jiu SW Tanna: m̃ əjikərəu<br />
Vaha: jiu Vaha: m̃ əjikələu<br />
Whitesands: jiu Whitesands: m̃ əjikərəu
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