Democratic Ownership and Human Rights - Reality of Aid
Democratic Ownership and Human Rights - Reality of Aid Democratic Ownership and Human Rights - Reality of Aid
TheRealityofAid 2008 AnIndependentReview ofPovertyReductionandDevelopmentAssistance AIDEFFECTIVENESS: DEMOCRATICOWNERSHIPANDHUMANRIGHTS
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The<strong>Reality</strong><strong>of</strong><strong>Aid</strong><br />
2008<br />
AnIndependentReview <strong>of</strong>PovertyReduction<strong>and</strong>DevelopmentAssistance<br />
AIDEFFECTIVENESS:<br />
DEMOCRATICOWNERSHIPANDHUMANRIGHTS
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
2008<br />
i
ii<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
2008<br />
<strong>Aid</strong> Effectiveness:<br />
“<strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Rights</strong>”<br />
Management Committee<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
Quezon City<br />
iii
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008, <strong>Aid</strong> Effectiveness: “<strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Rights</strong>”<br />
is published in the Philippines in 2008 by IBON Books, IBON Center<br />
114 Timog Avenue, Quezon City Philippines<br />
editors@ibon.org, www.ibon.org<br />
Copyright © 2008 by The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Management Committee<br />
Layout: Berinice Ileto-Zamora<br />
Cover Design: Jose Leon Dulce/Florenio Bambao<br />
Cover Photos:Torben Ulrik Nissen (top left)<br />
Steve Webel (top right)<br />
Mostafa Saeednejad (bottom)<br />
Printed <strong>and</strong> Bound in the Philippines by IBON Books.<br />
Published with assistance <strong>of</strong><br />
CCIC, Novib, 11.11.11- Coalition <strong>of</strong> the Flemish North South Movement<br />
All rights reserved<br />
ISBN: 971-0483-30-3<br />
iv
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
Contents<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
Acknowledgements<br />
ix<br />
x<br />
Introduction<br />
Political Overview<br />
Part I. Overview<br />
Antonio Tujan, Jr.<br />
Chair, <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
Management Committee<br />
3<br />
5<br />
Introduction<br />
Chapter 1. <strong>Aid</strong> Relationships Have Not Changed<br />
16<br />
<strong>Aid</strong> is Power- The Challenge for CSOs<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong><br />
<strong>Aid</strong> Conditionality<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong><br />
Australian <strong>Aid</strong> to Papua New Guinea:<br />
Change Without Change<br />
The Gilbel Gibe II Hydroelectrical Project-<br />
A Case <strong>of</strong> Super-Tied <strong>Aid</strong><br />
Women’s Empowerment <strong>and</strong> the New World<br />
<strong>of</strong> Microedit Evangelism<br />
<strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
in the Philippines<br />
Don Marut<br />
INFID<br />
Ahmed Swapan Mahmud<br />
VOICE<br />
Kate Wheen <strong>and</strong> Flint Duxfield,<br />
<strong>Aid</strong>/Watch<br />
Caterina Amicucci<br />
CRBM<br />
Kavaljit Singh<br />
PIRC<br />
Sonny Africa<br />
IBON Foundation<br />
20<br />
26<br />
33<br />
40<br />
46<br />
51<br />
Chapter 2. The IFIs Have Significant Responsibility for the Lack <strong>of</strong> Change<br />
Introduction<br />
The Impact <strong>of</strong> IFI Conditionality<br />
on the Development <strong>Aid</strong> System<br />
Multilateral <strong>Aid</strong> <strong>and</strong> Conditionalities,<br />
The Case <strong>of</strong> Indonesia<br />
IFIs – The Major Barrier to Change<br />
in the <strong>Aid</strong> System<br />
The World Bank in Pakistan:<br />
see No Suffering, Hear No Cries,<br />
Speak No Truth<br />
Javier Pereira<br />
EURODAD<br />
Don Marut<br />
INFID<br />
Ahmed Swapan Mahmud<br />
VOICE<br />
Mustafa Talpur with A. Ercelan<br />
<strong>and</strong> M. Nauman<br />
PILER<br />
60<br />
64<br />
71<br />
79<br />
86<br />
v
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
<strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong> <strong>and</strong> Mutual<br />
Accountability to International <strong>Human</strong><br />
<strong>Rights</strong>: A <strong>Reality</strong> Check <strong>of</strong> Nepal<br />
European Commission:<br />
Providing the Kind <strong>of</strong> Budget Support<br />
that is Needed?<br />
Gopal Siwakoti ‘Chintan’<br />
with Rabin Subedi<br />
NPI<br />
Sasja Bökkerink<br />
Oxfam International<br />
95<br />
103<br />
Chapter 3. The Paris Declaration Does Not Go Far Enough<br />
Introduction<br />
<strong>Aid</strong> <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Rights</strong>-Based Approach<br />
in the Philippines<br />
<strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> the Paris Declaration<br />
Paris Declaration on <strong>Aid</strong> Effectiveness<br />
(Abridged from the Original)<br />
Barriers to Harmonization <strong>and</strong> Alignment :<br />
An African Perspective<br />
Sonny Africa<br />
IBON Foundation<br />
Thomas Hochgesang,<br />
CBM (formerly Christian Blind Mission)<br />
Roberto Bissio<br />
TWI <strong>and</strong> Social Watch<br />
AFRODAD<br />
112<br />
115<br />
121<br />
126<br />
135<br />
Chapter 4. What is Needed for <strong>Aid</strong> Policies to Facilitate Development Outcomes<br />
for the Poorest Communities<br />
Introduction<br />
Pulling the Strings - How Donors’ Control<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Undermines <strong>Democratic</strong> <strong>Ownership</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> Accountability<br />
Accountability <strong>and</strong> Managing for Results:<br />
Accountability to Whom?<br />
Who Holds Whom Accountable?<br />
Managing for Results <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Effectiveness<br />
National <strong>Democratic</strong> Appropriation<br />
in Latin America <strong>and</strong> the Caribbean<br />
International Development Cooperation:<br />
A New Global Public Good<br />
<strong>Aid</strong> Effectiveness <strong>and</strong> Gender Equality<br />
Elvira Groll<br />
Action<strong>Aid</strong> UK<br />
Ngo Sothath<br />
NGO Forum on Cambodia<br />
AFRODAD<br />
Mauricio Gómez Lacayo<br />
Ruben Fen<strong>and</strong>ez<br />
Corporación Región <strong>and</strong> ALOP<br />
Cecilia Alemany (AWID),<br />
Fern<strong>and</strong>a Hopenhaym (AWID),<br />
<strong>and</strong> Nerea Craviotto (WIDE)<br />
146<br />
150<br />
159<br />
169<br />
176<br />
182<br />
189<br />
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The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
Chapter 5. Global <strong>Aid</strong> Trends <strong>and</strong> OECD Reports<br />
Global <strong>Aid</strong> Trends<br />
World <strong>Aid</strong> Trends:<br />
Donors Distorting the <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> in 2008<br />
Germany: A Mixed Performance<br />
UK: Delivery Falls Short<br />
<strong>of</strong> Progressive Policies<br />
Irel<strong>and</strong>: Bringing ODA<br />
to the Centre <strong>of</strong> Foreign Policy<br />
Netherl<strong>and</strong>s: A New Commitment<br />
to International Co-operation<br />
Austria: <strong>Aid</strong> Gap Leaves Questions<br />
Over Commitment<br />
Belgium: The Changeability <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong><br />
Finl<strong>and</strong>: Finnish Development Co-operation:<br />
Focus on Climate Change<br />
France: French Development Cooperation:<br />
Little Leadership to be Expected<br />
on the Fight Against Poverty<br />
Italy: First Steps Towards ODA Reform<br />
After Years <strong>of</strong> Crisis<br />
Sweden: Sweden Claims 1% <strong>Aid</strong> Achievement<br />
Spain: Becoming a Major ODA Player<br />
Switzerl<strong>and</strong>: 2008: A Pivotal Year<br />
for Development Co-operation<br />
Australia: A New Government<br />
Brings New Commitments<br />
Brian Tomlinson<br />
CCIC<br />
<strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Management Committee<br />
Peter Mucke<br />
Terre des Hommes<br />
Elvira Groll, Elena Chiarella<br />
<strong>and</strong> Sarah Mulley<br />
UK <strong>Aid</strong> Network<br />
Olive Towey <strong>and</strong> Howard Dalzell<br />
Concern<br />
Arjan El Fassed<br />
Oxfam Novib<br />
Global Responsibility-Austrian<br />
Platform for Development <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Human</strong>itarian <strong>Aid</strong> <strong>and</strong> Hilde Wipfel<br />
(KOO)<br />
Els Hertogen<br />
11.11.11 – Coalition <strong>of</strong> the Flemish<br />
North South Movement<br />
Matti Ylönen<br />
KEPA (The Service Centre for<br />
Development Cooperation)<br />
Katia Herrgott <strong>and</strong> Florent Sebban,<br />
Coordination SUD<br />
Marco Zupi<br />
CeSPI<br />
Peter Sörbom, Forum Syd<br />
in collaboration with Penny Davies,<br />
Diakonia<br />
Isabel Kreisler<br />
Intermon Oxfam<br />
Michèle Laubscher<br />
Alliance Sud - Swiss Alliance<br />
<strong>of</strong> Development Organisations<br />
Garth Luke <strong>and</strong> Pail O’Callaghan<br />
ACFID<br />
200<br />
224<br />
229<br />
234<br />
238<br />
241<br />
247<br />
251<br />
255<br />
259<br />
264<br />
267<br />
270<br />
274<br />
vii
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
Canada: Overview: Unmet Promises<br />
<strong>and</strong> No Plans to Increase Canadian ODA<br />
New Zeal<strong>and</strong>: Good Intent Must Be<br />
Balanced with Financial Commitment<br />
USA: Targeting State ‘Transformation’,<br />
Not Poverty Reduction<br />
Norway: Silver Clouds <strong>and</strong> Dark Linings<br />
European Union/European Commission:<br />
Increasing Budget Support,<br />
But Slow on Participation<br />
Brian Tomlinson<br />
CCIC<br />
Rae Julian<br />
CID<br />
Cheri Waters<br />
Interaction<br />
John Y. Jones<br />
Networkers SouthNorth<br />
Simon Stocker, Director Eurostep<br />
in cooperation with Mirjam van Reisen<br />
<strong>and</strong> Ben Moore, EEPA<br />
279<br />
284<br />
290<br />
295<br />
299<br />
Part II. Reference Section<br />
Boxes <strong>and</strong> Tables<br />
Glossary <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Terms<br />
305<br />
307<br />
Part III. Directories<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Participating Agencies<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Members<br />
321<br />
325<br />
viii
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Network<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Network exists to promote national <strong>and</strong> international policies that will<br />
contribute to new <strong>and</strong> effective strategies for poverty eradication, built on solidarity <strong>and</strong><br />
equity.<br />
Established in 1993, the <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> is a collaborative, non-pr<strong>of</strong>it initiative, involving nongovernmental<br />
organizations from North <strong>and</strong> South.<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> publishes regular, reliable reports on international development cooperation<br />
<strong>and</strong> the extent to which governments, North <strong>and</strong> South, address the extreme inequalities <strong>of</strong><br />
income <strong>and</strong> the structural, social <strong>and</strong> political injustices that entrench people in poverty.<br />
From 1993 to date, the project has published a series <strong>of</strong> reports <strong>and</strong> <strong>Reality</strong> Checks on aid <strong>and</strong><br />
development cooperation.<br />
These reports provide a critical analysis <strong>of</strong> how governments address the issues <strong>of</strong> poverty <strong>and</strong><br />
whether aid <strong>and</strong> development cooperation policies are put into practice.<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Project Management Committee is made up <strong>of</strong> regional representatives <strong>of</strong> all<br />
participating agencies.<br />
Chair<br />
Antonio Tujan, Jr.<br />
IBON Foundation<br />
Vice Chair <strong>and</strong> OECD<br />
(outside Europe)<br />
Asia-Pacific<br />
Europe<br />
Africa<br />
Latin America<br />
Brian Tomlinson<br />
Canada Council for International Cooperation – CCIC<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Secretariat<br />
Lucy Hayes,<br />
European Network on Debt <strong>and</strong> Development (EURODAD)<br />
Meja Vitalice<br />
African Forum <strong>and</strong> Network on Debt <strong>and</strong> Development (AFRODAD)<br />
Ruben Fern<strong>and</strong>ez<br />
Asociación Latinoamericana de Organizaciones<br />
de Promoción al Desarrollo A.C. (ALOP)<br />
<strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Secretariat: Josephine Dongail <strong>and</strong> Reileen Joy Dulay<br />
Email: secretariat@reality<strong>of</strong>aid.org<br />
Website: www.reality<strong>of</strong>aid.org<br />
ix
Acknowledgements<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008<br />
The <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Report is written by authors from NGOs worldwide, whose research<br />
draws on knowledge <strong>and</strong> expertise from aid agencies, academia, community-based<br />
organizations <strong>and</strong> governments. We would like to thank those who have generously<br />
contributed their knowledge <strong>and</strong> advice.<br />
Overall editorial control <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008 lies with the <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> Management<br />
Committee, but the views expressed in the reports do not necessarily reflect the views <strong>of</strong><br />
the Management Committee or IBON.<br />
The Management Committee was assisted by Edward Thorpe as editorial consultant,<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Luis Teodoro as copy editor <strong>and</strong> Reileen Joy Dulay as managing editor.<br />
This <strong>Reality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aid</strong> 2008 Report is published with support from Canada Council for<br />
International Cooperation (CCIC), Novib <strong>and</strong> the Coalition <strong>of</strong> the Flemish North-South<br />
Movement - 11.11.11.<br />
x