Understanding Anesthesiology - The Global Regional Anesthesia ...

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Chemoreceptor trigger zone The chemoreceptor trigger zone is located in the area postrema of the medulla. Its afferent input is systemic, where it can be triggered by certain drugs and hormones. Its efferent path is to the vomiting center, where it initiates vomiting. The vomiting centre receives input from other sources, other than the chemoreceptor trigger zone, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the vestibular system and the higher cortex. Related Glossary Terms Antiemetic agents, Dimenhydrinate, Ondansetron, Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), Prochlorperazine Index Find Term Chapter 3 - General Anesthesia Chapter 6 - Antiemetics
Cholinesterase Cholinesterase is a naturally-occurring enzyme in the synaptic cleft that breaks down aceytlcholine (Ach). Cholinesterase reduces the activity of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. Anticholinesterase drugs inhibit cholinesterase thereby increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. The Ach, then, is better able to compete with nondepolarizing muscle relaxant molecules for Ach receptors. Related Glossary Terms Acetylcholine, Anticholinesterase, Autonomic nervous system, Neostigmine, Neuromuscular junction, Nicotinic, Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, Residual block Index Find Term Chapter 3 - General Anesthesia Chapter 6 - Anticholinesterase and Anticholinergics
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1 ST EDITION Understanding Anesthes
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Preface ii
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GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR IBOOK Th
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals s
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THE ROLE OF THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST Dr
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CHAPTER 1 The ABC’s In this chapt
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There are many different laryngeal
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• Mouth opening: Three fingerbrea
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A patient who is deemed to be at ri
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Movie 1.1 Intubation technique The
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After intubation, correct placement
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The Difficult Airway Airway mismana
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volume, then the surgery should be
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Vascular Access Peripheral venous a
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Interactive 1.1 Body water distribu
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Complications of transfusion are nu
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CHAPTER 2 The Pre-operative Phase I
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are known to have cardiac disease o
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Premedication Pre-medication can in
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SECTION 2 Anesthetic Equipment and
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Monitoring The purpose of monitorin
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SECTION 3 Chapter 2 Review Review 2
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SECTION 1 Anesthetic Techniques In
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Table 9 Sedation VERBAL COGNITIVE A
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General Anesthesia General anesthes
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Epidural Anesthesia Epidural and sp
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Movie 3.1 Labour epidural insertion
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Figure 14 Sensory dermatomes tion i
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Figure 16 Anatomy relevant to spina
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cles (Figure 19).They then travel u
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SECTION 3 General Anesthesia In Thi
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amples of conditions which impair g
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and trauma surgery pose a higher ri
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Drugs for Maintenance of Anesthesia
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Contraindications to the inhaled ag
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Contraindications Opioids must not
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Table 15 Dose, onset, duration, eli
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tubation, leading to total airway o
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SECTION 1 Recovery In This Section
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Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting
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SECTION 2 Post-operative Pain Manag
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lead to a decreased stress response
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CHAPTER 5 Special Patients In this
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Successful treatment of an MH crisi
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SECTION 2 Obstetrical Anesthesia In
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There is good evidence that a labou
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SECTION 3 Pediatric Anesthesia In T
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tain types of noxious stimuli. Exam
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SECTION 4 Anesthesia Outside the Op
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Opioid agonists and antagonists •
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FENTANYL Class Synthetic opioid ana
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REMIFENTANIL Class Synthetic opioid
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MORPHINE SULFATE Class Opioid analg
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NALOXONE Class Opioid antagonist. U
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ROCURONIUM Class Non-depolarizing m
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PANCURONIUM BROMIDE Class Nondepola
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE Class Depo
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SECTION 3 Anticholinesterase and An
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GLYCOPYRROLATE Class Anticholinergi
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SECTION 4 Induction Agents Drugs 1.
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SODIUM THIOPENTAL Class Short-actin
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KETAMINE Class Phencyclidine deriva
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ETOMIDATE Class Short-acting hypnot
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DESFLURANE Class Volatile inhaled a
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ISOFLURANE Class Volatile inhaled a
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SECTION 6 Anxiolytics Drugs 1. Mida
Page 137 and 138: SECTION 7 Antiemetics Drugs 1. Onda
Page 139 and 140: DIMENHYDRINATE Class Antihistamine,
Page 141 and 142: SECTION 8 Vasoactive Agents Drugs 1
Page 143 and 144: EPHEDRINE SULFATE Class Sympathomim
Page 145 and 146: SECTION 9 Local Anesthetics Drugs 1
Page 147 and 148: LIDOCAINE Class Local anesthetic. U
Page 149 and 150: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE Class Non-st
Page 151 and 152: DANTROLENE Dantrolene is used in th
Page 153 and 154: Acetylcholine Acetylcholine (Ach) i
Page 155 and 156: Adjunct An adjunct is something add
Page 157 and 158: Airway assessment The purpose of th
Page 159 and 160: Aldrete score Phase 1 of recovery m
Page 161 and 162: Analgesia Pain relief Related Gloss
Page 163 and 164: Antecubital fossa The antecubital f
Page 165 and 166: Anticholinesterase Anticholinestera
Page 167 and 168: Antisialagogue An antisialogogue is
Page 169 and 170: Apneic threshold Apneic threshold i
Page 171 and 172: Asepsis Asepsis is another word for
Page 173 and 174: Atracurium Class Nondepolarizing sk
Page 175 and 176: Autonomic nervous system The autono
Page 177 and 178: Bacterial endocarditis The 2007 Ame
Page 179 and 180: Balanced anesthesia Balanced anesth
Page 181 and 182: Bier Block An intravenous regional
Page 183 and 184: Brachial plexus The brachial plexus
Page 185 and 186: Bupivacaine Class Local anesthetic.
Page 187: Capnograph The capnograph is a moni
Page 191 and 192: Cis-Atracurium Class Non-depolarizi
Page 193 and 194: CO2 (carbon dioxide) absorber The C
Page 195 and 196: Competitive inhibitor Competitive i
Page 197 and 198: Cormack Lehane Cormack Cormack Leha
Page 199 and 200: Cricoid cartilage The cricoid is a
Page 201 and 202: Dantrolene Dantrolene is used in th
Page 203 and 204: Difficult airway The American Socie
Page 205 and 206: Diphenhydramine Class Antihistamine
Page 207 and 208: Dura The dura is the outermost (and
Page 209 and 210: Ephedrine Sulfate Class Sympathomim
Page 211 and 212: Epidural anesthesia In epidural ane
Page 213 and 214: Epiglottis The epiglottis is a cart
Page 215 and 216: Esophageal intubation Esophageal in
Page 217 and 218: Euvolemia Euvolemia indicates that
Page 219 and 220: Fentanyl Class Synthetic opioid ana
Page 221 and 222: Flowmeter The anesthetic flowmeter
Page 223 and 224: Forced air warming system A forced
Page 225 and 226: Functional residual capacity Functi
Page 227 and 228: Glycopyrrolate Class Anticholinergi
Page 229 and 230: Hypothermia Hypothermia indicates a
Page 231 and 232: Induction Induction is the phase of
Page 233 and 234: Intralipid Intralipid is a fat emul
Page 235 and 236: Intravenous regional anesthetic An
Page 237 and 238: Isoflurane Class Volatile inhaled a
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Ketorolac Tromethamine Class Non-st
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Laryngoscope A laryngoscope is the
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Larynx The larynx is that part of t
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Lidocaine Class Local anesthetic. U
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Local anesthetic toxicity Local ane
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MAC MAC refers to the concentration
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Magill blade A Magill blade, used i
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Maintenance fluid requirements Main
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Mallampati classification The Malla
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Mechanical ventilation Mechanical v
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Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidos
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Morphine Sulfate Class Opioid analg
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Muscarinic Muscarinic acetylcholine
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Myoglobinuria When pathological mus
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Nasotracheal intubation Nasotrachea
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Needle cricothyrotomy A needle cric
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Neonatal opioid depression The resp
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Neuromuscular junction The neuromus
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Nicotinic Nicotinic receptors are t
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Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants T
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Ondansetron Class Seratonin ( 5-HT
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Oxygen saturation The oxygen satura
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Oxytocin Oxytocin is used in obstet
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Parturient The parturient is the pr
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Patient controlled analgesia Patien
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Peripheral nerve stimulator A perip
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Phrenic nerve The phrenic nerve, ar
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Positive pressure ventilation Posit
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Post-operative nausea and vomiting
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Pre-operative assessment Every pati
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Pre-oxygenation The purpose of pre-
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Prone In the prone position, the pa
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Pseudocholinesterase deficiency Pse
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Pulse oximeter The oxygen saturatio
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Radiculopathies Radiculopathy descr
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Re-narcotization A narcotized patie
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve The recur
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Remifentanil Class Synthetic opioid
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Reticular activating system The ret
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Rocuronium Class Non-depolarizing m
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Second stage of labour The second s
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Serotonin syndrome Serotonin syndro
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Shock Shock occurs when perfusion o
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Sodium citrate Sodium citrate is a
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Spinal anesthesia Spinal anesthesia
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Subarachnoid space The subarachnoid
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Succinylcholine Class Depolarizing
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Superior laryngeal nerve The superi
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Sympathetic nervous system The symp
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Theophylline Theophylline is a medi
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Thrombocytopenia Low platelet count
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Tidal volume Tidal volume is the vo
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Transcutaneous electrical nerve sti
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Trendelenburg The trendelenburg pos
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Urticaria Hives. Urticaria is cause
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Vagolytic Drugs with a vagolytic ef
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Vallecula The vallecula is the spac
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Venous air embolism Venous air embo
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Videolaryngoscope The videolaryngos
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