Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea

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16 Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea: 1950-present, Rossing, Booth and Zeller between the two sources, the source providing the higher discard rate was used as the sole estimate of salmon discards, which avoided the potential for double accounting (see country specific reports, this volume). The FGFRI data were used to also estimate seal-damaged salmon discards for Russia and Estonia in subdivision 32 (Figure 1). Sweden had it own nationally reported data which was used. Table 8. Anchor points (%) used for estimating boat-based discards for salmon from 1950-2007 based on Table 2.1.2 in ICES (2008b). Dashed lines (-) indicate years when linear interpolations were used. Year Eastern West Denmark countries Germany Finland Sweden 1950 2.0 a 14.4 b 14.4 b 14.4 b 14.4 b 1951-1980 2.0 a - - - - 1981 2.0 a 13.9 13.9 8.3 13.9 1982 2.0 a 14.1 14.1 8.3 14.1 1983 2.0 a 15.3 15.3 9.0 15.3 1984 2.0 a 13.9 13.9 8.1 13.9 1985 2.0 a 13.3 13.3 7.7 13.3 1986 2.0 a 14.9 14.9 8.8 14.9 1987 2.0 a 14.5 14.5 8.5 14.5 1988 2.0 a 14.7 14.7 8.6 8.6 1989 2.0 a 15.1 15.1 8.9 8.9 1990 2.0 a 17.3 17.3 10.2 10.2 1991 - 13.6 13.6 8.0 8.0 1992 - 14.1 14.1 7.8 7.8 1993 14.1 14.1 14.1 8.5 8.5 1994 12.9 12.9 12.9 7.8 7.8 1995 13.9 13.9 13.9 8.4 8.4 1996 15.1 15.1 15.1 9.0 9.0 1997 14.9 14.9 14.9 8.6 8.6 1998 14.2 8.6 14.2 8.6 8.6 1999 14.8 8.8 14.8 8.8 8.8 2000 10.3 5.7 10.3 5.8 5.8 2001 15.0 9.1 15.0 9.1 9.1 2002 15.8 9.6 15.8 9.6 9.6 2003 15.4 9.8 15.4 9.8 9.8 2004 15.6 9.1 15.6 9.1 9.1 2005 15.2 8.8 15.2 8.8 8.8 2006 17.3 10.0 17.3 10.0 10.0 2007 14.2 10.0 14.2 10.0 10.0 a assumed default discard rate; b assumption based average from 1981-1983. For the former eastern bloc countries, it was assumed that the boat-based salmon discard rate from 1950-1990 was 2. This rate was linearly interpolated to the Balticwide estimate of boat-based salmon discards represented by the mode in 1993 (see boat-based salmon discards section above). The annually reported mode was also used to estimate salmon discards from 1994 onwards. This value was compared to the seal only discard data and in years when both data are available the larger value was used. For western countries, Balticwide estimates of boat-based salmon discards are reported in ICES stock assessment working group reports from 1981 to 2007 as a mode, minimum and maximum. The mode was used for Germany throughout the time period and for the other western countries (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) until they started to report recreational catches, after which the minimum value was used. A 3-year average from 1981-1983 was carried back in time to 1950 as an adjusted rate, Western countries‘ discard rate = [reported discards – (0.02*eastern bloc landings)]/western bloc landings This adjusted discard rate accounts for the assumed discarding behavior of fishers in the former eastern bloc countries. The adjusted discard rate was then applied to the estimated landings (i.e., ICES landings statistics + adjustments + unreported landings) of each year to estimate salmon discards by western countries. Species other than salmon are also discarded because of seal damage in the eastern portion of the Baltic Sea (subdivisions 28 and 32; Figure 1). Seal damage discard estimates for the Gulf of Riga herring (Clupea harengus), European perch (Perca flaviatilis), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), European flounder (Platichthys flesus), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), sea trout (Salmo trutta), turbot (Psetta maxima), vendace (Coregonus albula), whitefishes (Coregonus spp.), and seal-damaged discards for both cod stocks by Lithuanian and Swedish fishers are dealt with in the country specific chapters for Estonia (Veitch et al., this vol.), Finland (Rossing et al., this vol.), Latvia (Rossing et al., this vol.), Lithuania (Veitch et al., this vol.), Russia (Harper et al., this vol.), and Sweden (Persson, this vol.). Estimates of boat-based discards for all other taxa were based on a Danish study, which reported the amount of discards over a one-year period by taxa (Anon., 2006). The study reported on the tonnage of
Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea: 1950-present, Rossing, Booth and Zeller 17 discard for cod, dab, flounder, plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), thorny skate (Amblyraja radiate) and ‗others‘. We transformed the discard tonnage for each specific taxon into a rate by considering the amount of discards as a proportion of the reported landings for the respective taxa. The discard rates for herring and sprat were assumed to be zero as boat-based discards is considered to be almost non-existent in fisheries targeting these species (ICES 2009). The discard rates for dab (33.4%), flounder (48.0%), and plaice (34.0%) were averaged and applied to both brill and turbot (38.5%). The discard rate for whiting (36.1%) was used solely for this species, while the reported discard amount of thorny skate was pooled with other taxa and formed the basis of the discard rate (6.2%) for all taxa that did not have species specific discard data. For western countries, the data from the Danish DTU study was used unaltered for the entire time period (1950-2007). For eastern bloc countries the assumed default discard rate of 2 % was held constant until 1990 and then was linearly interpolated to the derived rates, which we set for 1993 to remain consistent with our methodology for eastern bloc countries. Recreational catches Unregulated catches are predominantly represented here by recreational fisheries. Recreational catch estimates were made for all western countries and Russia back to 1950. In Poland, recreational fisheries of cod were known to start in 1986 (Radtke and Dabrowski, 2007). For the former East Germany and the remaining former eastern bloc countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) recreational catch estimates were not made until they became market economies, as their previous legal framework did not permit recreational fishing (R. Oeberst, pers. comm., Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut). As some type of information or data were available for nearly all countries, details for each country‘s approach to estimate recreational catches are given in each specific report (this volume). RESULTS We present reconstructed catch data for the total marine fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) for the period from 1950 to 2007. Our reconstruction used landings statistics reported to ICES on behalf of 9 coastal countries (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden) as baseline data. Estimates of IUU catches were comprised of: a) adjustments to reported landings; b) unreported landings; c) discards; and d) recreational catches. We also present landings data reported by non-Baltic countries as pertaining to the Baltic Sea. See Appendix Tables (B1- B7) for complete time series data. ICES landings statistics For the period 1950 to 2007, ICES reports a total of approximately 41.3 million t in the ICES ‗landings statistics‘ for the nine countries fishing in the Baltic Sea LME (including the former USSR and five non- Baltic countries; Figure 2, Table 9). Fisheries landings for non-Baltic countries Table 9. Total ICES landing statistics (t) by decade including non-Baltic countries, for each of the taxonomic entities considered. Common name 1950- 1959 1960- 1969 1970- 1979 1980- 1989 1990- 1999 2000- 2007 Cod 1,086,642 1,630,235 2,087,633 3,218,265 1,128,696 627,149 Herring 1,351,129 2,422,444 3,902,019 4,224,589 3,478,612 2,179,34 Sprat 135,873 781,259 1,817,317 642,655 3,019,670 3,007,36 8 Flatfishes 99,261 206,473 208,250 160,845 167,927 178,079 0 Salmon 20,227 30,743 27,385 31,155 32,716 11,890 ‘Others’ 449,022 697,882 844,611 487,735 481,212 433,642 totaled approximately 64,000 t for the time period 1950 to 2007. We chose to exclude these landings from our catch reconstruction due to their low tonnage. All landings reported from the Baltic Sea LME were reported from ICES subdivisions 22-32, which includes the transition zone in Denmark (subdivisions 22-25) and the Baltic Sea proper (subdivisions 24- 32; Figure 1).Reported landings increased from approximately 168,000 t∙year -1 in 1950 to around 950,000 t∙year -1 during the late 1970s and mid 1980s, before declining to about 615,000 t∙year -1 in 1991 (Figure 2).
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Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea

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