Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea

Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea: 1950-present, Rossing, Booth and Zeller 189
RUSSIAN FISHERIES CATCHES IN THE BALTIC SEA FROM 1950 – 2007 1
Sarah Harper a , Sergey Shibaev b , Olga Baryshnikova a , Peter Rossing a , Shawn Booth a and Dirk
Zeller a
a Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre
University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada; email:
s.harper@fisheries.ubc.ca; okaybee@gmail.com; p.rossing@fisheries.ubc.ca; s.booth@fisheries.ubc.ca;
d.zeller@fisheries.ubc.ca
b Department of Ichthyology and Ecology, Faculty of Bioresources and Nature Usage, Kaliningrad State
Technical University, 1 Sovietsky prospect., 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; email: shibaev@klgtu.ru
ABSTRACT
The total marine and brackish-water fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea taken by the Russian Federation (or
the equivalent entity pre-1991) were estimated for the time period 1950-2007 using an approach called
‗catch reconstruction‘. Although there are reported data available elsewhere (e.g., ICES), they generally
describe commercial landings rather than total catches. The reconstructed catch from 1950-2007 was
approximately 3.7 million tonnes, attributing an additional 3 million tonnes to Russia‘s catches above
what is reported by ICES for this time period; the largest contributors to the total reconstructed catch were
herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus). From 1992-2007 when ICES landing statistics
were reported for Russia independently, our reconstructed catch was 950,000 tonnes, or 28% higher than
reported landings. We used ICES landings statistics as the reported data baseline to which estimates of
IUU catches were added, including: data source adjustments to reported landings; estimates of unreported
landings; estimates of discards; and estimates of recreational catches. We believe that our reconstruction
represents a conservative estimate.
INTRODUCTION
The Russian Federation (Russia) was formed in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), and is
the only Baltic country that is not a member of the European Union. Russia stretches from the Pacific
Ocean to the Baltic Sea, and two administrative regions of Russia, Leningrad and the Russian exclave
Kaliningrad oblasts, have direct access to the Baltic Sea (Figure 1).
Leningrad oblast borders Finland to the north and Estonia to the west. Within the Baltic Sea, 15,470 km 2
of the Gulf of Finland is controlled by Leningrad oblast (Anon., 2007c). Kaliningrad oblast borders
Lithuania on the east and Poland on the west. It is a Russian exclave, and thus shares no land border with
Russia, but it has direct access to the Baltic Sea. Kaliningrad oblast controls approximately 1,203 km 2 of
Curonian lagoon, 495 km 2 of Vistula lagoon, and 10,000 km 2 of the Baltic Sea (Anon., 2006b).
Approximately 90% of Russian catches taken from the Baltic Sea are from ICES statistical subdivision 26,
which borders the Kaliningrad oblast (Figure 1).
Russian fisheries statistics for the exclave of Kaliningrad are collected separately for Curonian lagoon,
Vistula lagoon and the Baltic Sea (ICES subdivision 26, Figure 1). In Curonian lagoon, 7-10 species are
commercially important out of 31 species available. They are mostly brackish water species, with common
bream (Abramis brama) constituting 52.2% of reported landings, pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca)
10.6%, roach (Rutilus rutilus) 14.9%, and European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) 2.1% (Anon., 2007c). In
2006, the landings for bream, pikeperch and roach were 99.2%, 80.1%, and 72.2% of the allocated quota,
respectively. In Vistula lagoon, Baltic herring (Clupea harrengus membras) constitutes 85% of total
landings out of 28 species available. Bream and pikeperch constitute 8% and 5% of total landings,
respectively. Due to proximity of coastal waters and comparatively inexpensive fishing gear, such as
1 Cite as: Harper, S., Shibaev, S.V., Baryshnikova, O., Rossing, P., Booth, S. and Zeller, D. (2010) Russian fisheries catches in the
Baltic Sea from 1950-2007. pp. 189-224. In: Rossing, P., Booth, S., and Zeller, D. (eds.), Total marine fisheries extractions by
country in the Baltic Sea: 1950-present. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 18 (1). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia,
Canada [ISSN 1198-6727].