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Play Strategy for Scotland: Our Vision - Scottish Government

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PLAY STRATEGY<br />

FOR SCOTLAND: OUR VISION


01<br />

OUR VISION:<br />

We want <strong>Scotland</strong> to be the best place to<br />

grow up. A nation which values play as a<br />

life-enhancing daily experience <strong>for</strong> all our<br />

children and young people; in their homes,<br />

nurseries, schools and communities.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


03<br />

CONTENTS<br />

Ministerial <strong>for</strong>eword 4<br />

Strategic context 6<br />

Section 1: Every child’s right 10<br />

Section 2: What is play? 13<br />

Section 3: Why play matters 14<br />

Section 4: In the home 16<br />

Section 5: At nursery and school 18<br />

Section 6: In the community 20<br />

Section 7: Positive support <strong>for</strong> play 23<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


04 MINISTERIAL FOREWORD<br />

Aileen Campbell MSP<br />

Minister <strong>for</strong> Children and<br />

Young People<br />

<strong>Play</strong> is vital from<br />

the early stages of<br />

brain development<br />

and bonding with<br />

parents and carers, and<br />

promotes independence<br />

and autonomy <strong>for</strong><br />

the teenage years.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


05<br />

<strong>Play</strong> is the universal language of childhood,<br />

it is an activity which exists <strong>for</strong> its own<br />

sake but also has a fundamental role. All<br />

children and young people should have<br />

the opportunity to play every day and I<br />

am delighted to present <strong>Scotland</strong>’s first<br />

National <strong>Play</strong> <strong>Strategy</strong>.<br />

This <strong>Strategy</strong> is built on the views of<br />

children and young people, parents and<br />

carers, the play sector and others involved<br />

in their wellbeing. Together with the action<br />

plan it seeks to improve the play<br />

experiences of all children and young<br />

people, including those with disabilities or<br />

from disadvantaged backgrounds.<br />

in community settings through the use<br />

of public spaces and services. <strong>Our</strong> role<br />

as parents and carers is to enable and<br />

facilitate play. As policy makers, planners<br />

and practitioners it is to ensure play is<br />

embedded at the heart of decision making<br />

throughout our society and to provide the<br />

catalyst <strong>for</strong> culture change.<br />

Finally, I would like to congratulate and<br />

thank all those who have given their time<br />

and expertise to the development of this<br />

innovative and collaborative vision, and<br />

our action plan, which will follow in the<br />

autumn.<br />

<strong>Play</strong> is a fundamental part of childhood,<br />

taking place within the home from birth,<br />

through <strong>for</strong>mal and in<strong>for</strong>mal learning, and<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


06 STRATEGIC CONTEXT<br />

STRATEGIC CONTEXT<br />

The <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong>’s vision <strong>for</strong><br />

children and young people is clear:<br />

<strong>for</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> to be the best place<br />

in the world to grow up.<br />

Children’s play is crucial to <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />

wellbeing; socially, economically and<br />

environmentally. <strong>Our</strong> people are our greatest<br />

resource and the early years of life set the<br />

pattern <strong>for</strong> children’s future development.<br />

‘The experiences children have in early<br />

life – and the environments in which they<br />

have them – shape their developing brain<br />

architecture and strongly affect whether they<br />

grow up to be healthy, productive members<br />

of society’ (Harvard University, 2007).<br />

<strong>Play</strong> is an essential part of a happy, healthy<br />

childhood and ‘when children play their brains<br />

do two things: they grow and the become<br />

organised and usable’ (Hughes, 2013). By<br />

investing in all our children and young people<br />

now we can strengthen their ability to<br />

achieve their full potential.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


07<br />

<strong>Play</strong> creates a brain that<br />

has increased flexibility and<br />

improved potential <strong>for</strong> learning<br />

later in life<br />

(Lester & Russell, 2008)<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


08 STRATEGIC CONTEXT<br />

<strong>Play</strong> opens up possibilities in the brain that<br />

may be picked up later or discarded; the<br />

important feature is that the potential is<br />

kept alive, more so than if play never<br />

occurred in the first place<br />

(Lester and Russell, 2007)<br />

<strong>Scotland</strong>’s first national <strong>Play</strong> <strong>Strategy</strong> will<br />

contribute directly to all of our National<br />

Outcomes and specifically to ensure our<br />

children have the best start in life and are<br />

ready to succeed, and our young people are<br />

successful learners, confident individuals,<br />

effective contributors and responsible<br />

citizens.<br />

‘Children’s play provides a primary<br />

behaviour <strong>for</strong> developing resilience,<br />

thereby making a significant contribution<br />

to children’s well-being’ (Lester and<br />

Russell, 2007) which is a key concept<br />

in our Getting It Right For Every Child<br />

approach. This underpins and supports<br />

all of our policies <strong>for</strong> children and young<br />

people. This <strong>Strategy</strong> will complement<br />

our proposals in the Children and Young<br />

People (<strong>Scotland</strong>) Bill and further supports<br />

our three main social policy frameworks;<br />

the Early Years Framework, Equally Well,<br />

and Achieving our Potential.<br />

To a child, play is about having fun, but<br />

to society it is much more. <strong>Play</strong> is essential<br />

to healthy development from birth to<br />

adulthood, contributing to capacity <strong>for</strong><br />

learning, resilience and the development<br />

of physical, cognitive, social and emotional<br />

skills. With improved health and educational<br />

outcomes come clear economic benefits.<br />

<strong>Scotland</strong>’s Chief Medical Officer is very<br />

clear about the importance of play, stating<br />

that investing in children’s play is one of<br />

the most important things we can do to<br />

improve children’s health and wellbeing<br />

in <strong>Scotland</strong>. Furthermore, the right to play<br />

is enshrined in the UN Convention on the<br />

Rights of the Child (UNCRC). All children<br />

and young people should have play<br />

experiences as part of their daily lives.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


09<br />

We all have a role in realising <strong>Scotland</strong>’s vision <strong>for</strong> play as individuals,<br />

parents or carers, members of communities or professionals, by<br />

ensuring all children and young people can access play opportunities<br />

in a range of different settings which offer variety, adventure and<br />

challenge. They must be able to play freely and safely while learning<br />

to manage risks and make choices about where, how and when they<br />

play according to their age, ability and preference.<br />

We have an ambitious vision <strong>for</strong> play to be fully realised in <strong>Scotland</strong>,<br />

and it is one which we can achieve together. <strong>Scotland</strong> is rich with<br />

a professional, qualified and well-led play work<strong>for</strong>ce who are<br />

passionate and driven and have our children’s health and wellbeing<br />

at the very core of their professional lives. Beyond that, our health<br />

workers, early learning and childcare staff, teachers, youth workers<br />

and plethora of out of school care professionals all have a key<br />

role in delivering the outcomes of this <strong>Strategy</strong>. We will publish an<br />

action plan later this year which will set out our collective vision <strong>for</strong><br />

achieving this.<br />

<strong>Play</strong> seems to serve important<br />

social, emotional, and cognitive<br />

functions<br />

(Bateson, 2005)<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


10 SECTION 1: EVERY CHILD’S RIGHT<br />

EVERY<br />

CHILD’S RIGHT<br />

<strong>Play</strong> is fundamental to children and<br />

young people’s quality of life but first<br />

and <strong>for</strong>emost it is a child’s right and one<br />

which the UN Convention on the Rights of<br />

the Child (UNCRC) is keen to see actively<br />

applied. The <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong> has<br />

responsibility <strong>for</strong> implementing the<br />

UNCRC in <strong>Scotland</strong>, addressing the<br />

Committee’s recommendations<br />

appropriate to local requirements.<br />

<strong>Scotland</strong> warmly welcomes the UN General<br />

Comment on article 31 adopted by the<br />

Committee in 2013. The General Comment<br />

provides interpretation of the article in<br />

detail and aims to raise awareness of its<br />

importance, promote a richer understanding<br />

of the content and provide guidance <strong>for</strong><br />

its implementation. It also promotes<br />

the child’s right to play in the context<br />

of supporting all children and young<br />

people’s rights.<br />

We are confident that, with relevant action to<br />

ensure article 31 is appropriately implemented<br />

in homes, nurseries, schools and<br />

communities including registered childcare<br />

settings such as out of school care services,<br />

nurseries and playgroups this will support<br />

<strong>Scotland</strong>’s children in their journey<br />

through childhood and adolescence and<br />

into adulthood. It will allow our children<br />

and young people to participate in their<br />

communities, enhancing their role as part<br />

of that community and developing their<br />

resilience, confidence and skills to engage<br />

as citizens.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


11<br />

Article 31 of the UN Convention on the<br />

Rights of the Child states that every<br />

child has the right to rest and leisure,<br />

to engage in play and recreational<br />

activities appropriate to the age of the<br />

child and to participate freely in cultural<br />

life and the arts.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


12 SECTION 2: WHAT IS PLAY?<br />

<strong>Play</strong> encompasses children’s behaviour which<br />

is freely chosen, personally directed and<br />

intrinsically motivated. It is per<strong>for</strong>med <strong>for</strong> no<br />

external goal or reward, and is a fundamental<br />

and integral part of healthy development – not<br />

only <strong>for</strong> individual children but also <strong>for</strong> the<br />

society in which they live.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


13<br />

Review of research into children’s<br />

play considers the element of ‘fun’<br />

to be a central defining quality of<br />

children’s play<br />

(Meire, 2007)<br />

WHAT IS PLAY?<br />

<strong>Play</strong> comes in many <strong>for</strong>ms. It can be active, passive, solitary,<br />

independent, assisted, social, exploratory, educational or just<br />

<strong>for</strong> fun. Moreover, it can happen indoors or outdoors, it can<br />

be structured, creative, messy, entirely facilitated by the<br />

imagination or can involve using the latest gadget.<br />

What is important is that children and young people have the<br />

freedom to choose how and when they play. From the earliest<br />

days and months play helps children learn to move, share,<br />

negotiate, take on board others’ points of view and cultivate<br />

many more skills. It remains equally important throughout<br />

infancy, childhood, the teenage years through adolescence,<br />

and beyond into adulthood and at all ages, stages and abilities.<br />

Many people say it’s a child’s ‘job’ to play and the whole of society<br />

has a role in ensuring we can support children to behave as children,<br />

minimising the pressure on them to grow up too quickly. We<br />

consider play as the primary tool <strong>for</strong> addressing this challenge,<br />

through allowing children and young people to experience fun,<br />

joy and laughter in a way that is important to them.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


14 SECTION 3: WHY PLAY MATTERS<br />

WHY PLAY MATTERS<br />

To a child play is about having fun.<br />

To society it’s so much more. Children’s<br />

play is crucial to <strong>Scotland</strong>’s wellbeing,<br />

socially, economically and environmentally.<br />

The importance of play in children and<br />

young people’s daily lives and to healthy<br />

development has become increasingly<br />

recognised in recent years. A growing body<br />

of evidence supports the view that playing,<br />

throughout childhood, is not only an innate<br />

behaviour but also contributes to quality of<br />

life, sense of wellbeing and is a key element<br />

in effective learning, thereby developing<br />

their physical, cognitive, emotional and<br />

social skills. ‘The research suggests that,<br />

from the first stages of growth through<br />

to adulthood, play has a central role in<br />

developing strong attachments. <strong>Play</strong><br />

between caregiver and infant helps establish<br />

the neural pathways <strong>for</strong> developing wider<br />

attachments with other children and adults’<br />

(Lester and Russell, 2007).<br />

The type of environment <strong>for</strong> play is also<br />

important, having an impact on children<br />

and young people’s experiences, choices<br />

and relationships, both with other people<br />

and with the environment itself. In particular,<br />

outdoor play especially in natural spaces<br />

is beneficial and provides experiences<br />

which cannot be replicated indoors.<br />

Children and young people need adults<br />

to encourage and facilitate their play,<br />

whilst not inhibiting their opportunities<br />

<strong>for</strong> freedom and choice. This means that<br />

everyone involved in planning, designing<br />

and managing local streets, open spaces<br />

and parks such as early learning and<br />

childcare staff, youth workers, teachers<br />

and play practitioners, parents, carers and<br />

local residents, particularly those willing<br />

to offer their services as volunteers, can<br />

all have a major impact on children and<br />

young people’s play opportunities.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


15<br />

There is a body of evidence which<br />

demonstrates the effectiveness of play in<br />

promoting problem-solving abilities (Bergen, 2002)<br />

The Early Years Framework is very clear<br />

about the importance of positive parenting<br />

in the early years and our National Parenting<br />

<strong>Strategy</strong> clearly emphasises to parents,<br />

carers and practitioners the benefits<br />

of play, from stimulating our babies<br />

from day one, to creating opportunities<br />

<strong>for</strong> all children and young people to<br />

explore, be active and enjoy the learning<br />

opportunities provided by play throughout<br />

their lives.<br />

Seeing the difference play can make<br />

in a child’s development is delightful<br />

and benefits the whole family through<br />

supporting bonding and building<br />

relationships. <strong>Play</strong> allows children to<br />

experience and make sense of their world,<br />

to challenge themselves, practise skills<br />

and manage their emotions, interact with<br />

others or enjoy time alone. Numerous<br />

studies, including Growing Up In <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

show play to be a crucial factor in a child’s<br />

educational achievement. The benefits<br />

from playing and having fun cannot be<br />

underestimated.<br />

Creating an environment that provides<br />

rich play experiences is critical in<br />

meeting the needs of our children and<br />

young people. Offering them choices to<br />

develop the skills of expression, thought,<br />

curiosity, movement, problem solving and<br />

achievement provides a sound basis <strong>for</strong><br />

fostering the development of useful skills<br />

and attributes which will serve them well<br />

throughout life. As children grow they can<br />

continue to hone these skills contributing<br />

to family life and the wider community<br />

through shared activities and hobbies,<br />

sport, recreation and leisure activities,<br />

developing management and leadership<br />

skills and supporting younger children to<br />

participate.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


16 SECTION 4: IN THE HOME<br />

IN THE HOME<br />

Parents and carers are a child’s first educators and have a crucial role to play<br />

in encouraging their development. Supporting children to grow up in a rich<br />

home learning environment, providing secure boundaries and guidance and<br />

offering emotional stability from the first days of life is fundamental to<br />

holistic child development.<br />

The last three decades have seen significant changes in the way we live.<br />

Increasingly busy lifestyles can often be the reason <strong>for</strong> a lack of play<br />

opportunities or uptake. We know that parents and carers feel pressure <strong>for</strong><br />

their children to have the newest toys and the latest games consoles and<br />

regularly attend structured activities such as dance classes and swimming<br />

lessons. They often feel they need to be seen to be ‘as good as other parents’<br />

and that this is primarily achieved through spending money.<br />

I’ve learned kids are happy<br />

playing with almost anything,<br />

you don’t have to buy<br />

expensive toys<br />

(A parent, 2013)<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


17<br />

Free play opportunities provide the biggest<br />

benefit in a child’s development and we<br />

should support <strong>Scotland</strong>’s parents and carers<br />

to feel positive about providing their children<br />

with a rich variety of experiences, which<br />

do not cost a lot of money. It is important<br />

to remind ourselves our time, guidance and<br />

support to play is just as important in making<br />

a difference <strong>for</strong> children and young people.<br />

<strong>Play</strong> changes as children grow up and at the<br />

pace and stage appropriate to them. Outdoor<br />

play opportunities are needed at all ages and<br />

stages as a frequent part of family life. As<br />

children grow older they need opportunities<br />

to develop independence through playing<br />

outdoors, helping to develop and practise<br />

important life skills within the real world.<br />

The <strong>Play</strong>TalkRead campaign aims to<br />

encourage parents and carers to engage<br />

more with their babies and young children<br />

through day to day experiences supported<br />

by the availability of online resources and<br />

within their own communities. Created using<br />

the play@home principles, it offers practical<br />

solutions <strong>for</strong> involving children in daily life.<br />

These can be used to strengthen bonding<br />

and communication, improve parenting skills<br />

and introduce physically and mentally healthy<br />

attitudes from the first days of life. <strong>Play</strong>TalkRead<br />

also benefits from the Bookbug principles,<br />

encouraging parents and carers to read<br />

together with their children from birth using<br />

the Bookbug packs given to every child in<br />

<strong>Scotland</strong> and participating in storytelling and<br />

Rhymetime sessions. It aims to encourage<br />

families to make regular use of local facilities<br />

such as libraries and community centres.<br />

There is a role <strong>for</strong> the family, as a loving<br />

and nurturing unit and as individuals within<br />

the family, in supporting play in and around<br />

the home, spending quality time together<br />

through shared interests and hobbies or<br />

playing games outside and in. Of course,<br />

every family is different. Long-term health<br />

conditions, physical or learning disabilities,<br />

unemployment and bereavement are only<br />

some of the issues affecting families across<br />

<strong>Scotland</strong> every day. Many more children<br />

and young people now live in one parent<br />

families and may require greater support<br />

from the wider family and community<br />

in which they live. It is important to<br />

recognise that play can be used as an<br />

invaluable and unique therapy, caring <strong>for</strong><br />

children and young people to increase<br />

their enjoyment, support recovery and aid<br />

physical and mental wellbeing, within the<br />

home, the community and in health settings.<br />

There were lots of<br />

ideas I can use with<br />

my son and his blind<br />

father so he can be<br />

more involved<br />

(A mum visiting the <strong>Play</strong>TalkRead<br />

bus in Ayrshire, 2013.)<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


18 SECTION 5: AT NURSERY AND SCHOOL<br />

AT NURSERY<br />

AND SCHOOL<br />

All learning environments, including nurseries and schools need “free play”.<br />

This is commonly defined as “behaviour that is freely chosen, personally directed<br />

and intrinsically motivated”. This <strong>for</strong>m of play has the potential to contribute<br />

powerfully and positively to some of the most significant areas of school life,<br />

from early years to secondary, and mainstream to special schools.<br />

<strong>Play</strong> supports the development of social<br />

skills and collaboration. It stimulates<br />

physical activity and the development<br />

of important physical competencies.<br />

It encourages creativity, imagination<br />

and problem solving. When children<br />

have access to natural spaces <strong>for</strong> play,<br />

it fosters a sense of close connection<br />

with and respect <strong>for</strong>, nature. Staff in early<br />

years have an important role to play in<br />

maximising outdoor play experiences <strong>for</strong><br />

children. Many learning establishment<br />

practitioners recognise the potential of<br />

the outdoor environment and use it as<br />

creatively and positively as possible.<br />

Teachers who have closely observed free<br />

play in schools have identified a wide range<br />

of curriculum experiences and outcomes<br />

that are being delivered without any <strong>for</strong>mal<br />

input from teachers. Schools that provide<br />

rich outdoor free play environments report<br />

happier children, better break-time behaviour<br />

and children who are better able to concentrate<br />

in class. These experiences are important<br />

<strong>for</strong> all children and young people, including<br />

those with additional physical, behavioural<br />

or learning needs.<br />

Learning through play is widely<br />

acknowledged as a key component of good<br />

practice in the early years, both indoors and<br />

outdoors. In early learning and childcare<br />

settings, Pre-Birth to Three Positive Outcomes<br />

<strong>for</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s Children and Families promotes<br />

the importance of planning and supporting<br />

play. To support play effectively practitioners<br />

need to be knowledgeable and sensitive<br />

about the timing and nature of interventions<br />

or interactions. One of the most important<br />

aspects of supporting play is ensuring that<br />

children and young people have the time,<br />

space and freedom to initiate, plan, lead and<br />

conclude their own play. When practitioners<br />

are reflective and intervene appropriately<br />

they are able to take account of children’s<br />

interests and prior knowledge and make<br />

provision <strong>for</strong> next steps and new experiences.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


19<br />

From early years and onwards Curriculum<br />

<strong>for</strong> Excellence promotes playful learner-led<br />

approaches in the classroom and outdoors<br />

in nursery, primary, secondary and special<br />

schools. However, the greatest potential to<br />

develop free play in schools is outdoors<br />

be<strong>for</strong>e and after school, during break times<br />

and, through out of school care.<br />

Recent years have seen positive developments<br />

<strong>for</strong> play opportunities in <strong>Scottish</strong> schools<br />

and early years settings. Approaches such<br />

as nature and <strong>for</strong>est kindergartens typify how<br />

free play in nature can be integrated into the<br />

curriculum on a frequent and regular basis<br />

throughout the year, in almost all weathers.<br />

Curriculum <strong>for</strong> Excellence through Outdoor<br />

Learning encourages the creative use of the<br />

outdoors as a context <strong>for</strong> helping children<br />

and young people to develop their skills<br />

<strong>for</strong> learning, working and living in a complex<br />

and changing world. Outdoor free-play offers<br />

a powerful way of providing some of these<br />

enriching outdoor experiences on a daily basis.<br />

Some schools through the Rights Respecting<br />

Schools award recognise and value children’s<br />

right to play as part of their ethos. Innovative<br />

playful approaches have become more<br />

widespread within the curriculum such as digital<br />

games-based learning which motivate<br />

and engage many children, helping them<br />

to understand key concepts in many<br />

subject areas.<br />

Most children and young people have access<br />

to a safe outdoor play space at school. This<br />

is important <strong>for</strong> all children and young<br />

people but particularly <strong>for</strong> those who don’t<br />

have access to a private garden, nearby park<br />

or a safe street to play in. Nursery gardens<br />

and school playgrounds are accessed by<br />

children on a daily basis: during, be<strong>for</strong>e<br />

and after nursery and school.<br />

Most children and young people will spend<br />

around 1500 hours of their life in their<br />

school playgrounds; <strong>for</strong> many this will be<br />

more than in any other outdoor play setting.<br />

School grounds are also places where children<br />

and young people can take an active role<br />

in developing and looking after their play<br />

spaces, building a sense of ownership<br />

and active participation. In some areas<br />

school playgrounds are accessible out of<br />

school hours to the wider community,<br />

providing thousands of extra hours of play<br />

opportunities <strong>for</strong> children and young people.<br />

There is a need to build on these successes<br />

so that regular free play becomes a reality<br />

<strong>for</strong> all children and young people in every<br />

nursery and school, particularly outdoors,<br />

embracing play in all weathers and ensuring<br />

ongoing maintenance and stewardship of<br />

outdoor play spaces.<br />

Greater recognition and understanding<br />

of the concept and value of free play<br />

and playtimes is needed, particularly in<br />

primary, secondary and special schools.<br />

The importance of outdoor play times<br />

<strong>for</strong> disabled children and young people<br />

with complex healthcare needs specific<br />

proactive attention.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


20 SECTION 6: IN THE COMMUNITY<br />

IN THE<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

As a society we need to encourage children<br />

and young people to spend time outside<br />

and to start exploring the fantastic and<br />

often wild and open space which <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

has in abundance, be it in the local town,<br />

city or countryside. Children playing outdoors<br />

is something we want to see happening<br />

much more in all outdoor places including<br />

green space, parks and streets that are<br />

valued by the community.<br />

We know that a variety of different<br />

community settings are also important<br />

<strong>for</strong> many children and young people,<br />

such as nurseries, out of school services,<br />

playgroups and playschemes after school<br />

and in the holidays; and in youth clubs<br />

and community centres across the country.<br />

Outdoor play doesn’t necessarily mean<br />

visiting the local play park, sometimes<br />

it means playing kerby on the street or<br />

investigating local wildlife. The beauty<br />

of outdoor play is more than appreciating<br />

your natural surroundings and breathing<br />

in fresh air, it’s on your doorstep, it’s free<br />

and all children and young people can get<br />

involved – regardless of their background,<br />

gender, age, stage or ability, together with<br />

the whole family.<br />

We know that open space allows children<br />

and young people to be physically<br />

active and challenge themselves so they<br />

sleep and eat well and <strong>for</strong>m healthy<br />

habits that will stay with them <strong>for</strong> life.<br />

In particular, daily contact with nature<br />

and playing in natural spaces has additional<br />

benefits and promotes greater use of<br />

these community green spaces as adults.<br />

The type of environments available <strong>for</strong> play<br />

have a major impact on the nature of that<br />

play so careful consideration should be<br />

given to the planning and design of public<br />

spaces and particularly <strong>for</strong> communities<br />

within the built environment. Children<br />

and young people should have access to<br />

play spaces, whether they are park areas<br />

or in<strong>for</strong>mal spaces where they choose<br />

to play. <strong>Scottish</strong> Planning Policy sets out<br />

that planning authorities should protect<br />

valued open space, and seek to address<br />

needs identified in open space strategies.<br />

There should be clean, safe and welcoming<br />

spaces <strong>for</strong> children and young people<br />

to play and gather where they are not<br />

considered a nuisance by others in their<br />

communities, as set out in Designing Places<br />

and Designing Streets. Stimulating<br />

environments reduce the incidence of<br />

aggressive and destructive behaviour.<br />

The importance of interesting outdoor<br />

spaces designed in partnership with<br />

children and young people cannot be<br />

overstated.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


21<br />

Most children and young people want to be<br />

able to play outside in the local neighbourhood<br />

where they live. They enjoy spaces that<br />

offer them the opportunity to experiment,<br />

to challenge themselves physically, to feel<br />

free and to socialise. Green Infrastructure:<br />

Design and Placemaking encourages architects,<br />

planners and developers to take account<br />

of the landscape and notes that green<br />

infrastructure can create pleasant, stimulating<br />

places <strong>for</strong> fun, play and relaxation.<br />

Older children and young people can choose<br />

to participate in youth services which provide<br />

somewhere safe to be with their friends, hang<br />

out and have fun.<br />

Exposure to challenges, with support from<br />

parents and carers, play workers and youth<br />

workers, balancing their understanding of<br />

keeping children safe from harm while<br />

allowing them to learn and develop through<br />

sometimes risky activities will help build<br />

resilience into adult life. That is why we<br />

want to see parents, carers, professionals<br />

and volunteers adopt a risk-benefit approach<br />

to play. We value the long-term benefits<br />

of play and exposure to risk – both in<br />

terms of physical health and in developing<br />

resilience and mental wellbeing and aim to<br />

support parents and carers, communities<br />

and professionals in recognising the benefits<br />

of this approach. The changing nature of<br />

the outdoors makes it a more interesting,<br />

stimulating place to play, and allows children<br />

the sense of fun and freedom they crave<br />

whilst promoting their physical, emotional<br />

and psychological health.<br />

In addition, children and young people<br />

who play outdoors more often have better<br />

social networks, are more confident and are<br />

more involved in their local communities<br />

than those who are outside less often.<br />

Opportunities <strong>for</strong>, and experience of outdoor<br />

play vary widely, but there are some distinct<br />

differences in the experiences of girls and<br />

boys, those who are disabled, those from<br />

different social backgrounds and those<br />

from varied types of housing environment.<br />

Religious and cultural beliefs may also<br />

influence play opportunities and experiences.<br />

If local spaces are to offer children the range<br />

of experiences they need and thrive on, they<br />

must be well designed and maintained to<br />

ensure children have regular access to new<br />

and interesting experiences that stretch and<br />

absorb them, whatever their age, interests<br />

and ability. This includes attending to issues<br />

with regards to the whole play landscape<br />

and environment such as measures to curb<br />

or calm traffic, provision of well-lit footpaths<br />

and walk ways, shelter and gathering spaces,<br />

litter bins and appropriate equipment <strong>for</strong><br />

older children and young people.<br />

Habits of healthy outdoor exercise<br />

as adults are linked to patterns of<br />

use established in childhood<br />

(Thompson and others, 2008)<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


22 SECTION 6: IN THE COMMUNITY<br />

The social and cultural space <strong>for</strong> play can be<br />

as important as the physical environment and<br />

schemes which encourage communities to work<br />

together to support both intergenerational<br />

and age and stage related play serve an<br />

important purpose in establishing child and<br />

play friendly neighbourhoods. The existence<br />

of good spaces and opportunities <strong>for</strong> play<br />

allows children and young people from<br />

different social groups to mix, can reduce<br />

socially unacceptable behaviour and vandalism<br />

and provides children and young people with<br />

places where they can feel both safe and<br />

independent.<br />

Avoiding the outdoors because of fear of<br />

traffic, concerns of personal safety or even<br />

the weather can impact on opportunities<br />

to play. Fears <strong>for</strong> children’s safety have at<br />

times resulted in restricted access to outdoor<br />

play. While the risks are real, the perception<br />

of them is often higher than the reality and<br />

should be balanced against the benefits of<br />

outdoor play. We know that learning to deal<br />

with challenges will help build children’s<br />

resilience into adult life. Learning to enjoy<br />

the outdoors in our climate and manage<br />

risks and challenges will help children and<br />

young people grow and develop into healthy<br />

confident adults.<br />

To place oneself at risk does not only<br />

mean that one places oneself in jeopardy,<br />

but also that one is situated in a zone of<br />

potential and development<br />

(Lindqvist and Nordanger, 2007)<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


SECTION 7: POSITIVE SUPPORT FOR PLAY<br />

23<br />

POSITIVE<br />

SUPPORT FOR PLAY<br />

We need to foster a positive and supportive environment in order to enable quality play<br />

opportunities <strong>for</strong> all children in <strong>Scotland</strong>. This includes valuing children and young people<br />

and the importance of play.<br />

Essential to achieving this is a professional,<br />

qualified, well led work<strong>for</strong>ce with the<br />

skills and confidence to provide support<br />

and advice to parents and carers about<br />

play so that they in turn provide more<br />

play opportunities <strong>for</strong> children and young<br />

people outwith established settings.<br />

Leaders and practitioners together, across<br />

the public, private and voluntary sectors,<br />

can shape the culture and practice of play<br />

in <strong>Scotland</strong> as it moves <strong>for</strong>ward and we<br />

will enable that through cross sector and<br />

sector specific CPD. The infrastructure<br />

will be supported to have an active and<br />

sustainable role in delivering this <strong>Strategy</strong>,<br />

including the contribution of play<br />

organisations.<br />

The work<strong>for</strong>ce should universally emphasise<br />

the value of risk through play. Practitioners<br />

should be bold in providing challenging<br />

play opportunities, managed through riskbenefit<br />

assessment. Taking a controlled<br />

risk and seeing it payoff is essential to<br />

becoming a confident individual. The media<br />

also has a key role to play in promoting and<br />

fostering positive attitudes towards play<br />

in society.<br />

This sets out our vision <strong>for</strong> the future of play in <strong>Scotland</strong>. <strong>Our</strong> action plan<br />

will follow this autumn which will set out how we aim to achieve this.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


24 WITH THANKS TO<br />

WITH THANKS TO:<br />

THE WORKING GROUP<br />

Julia Abel, Inspiring <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

Tam Baillie, <strong>Scotland</strong>’s Commissioner <strong>for</strong> Children and Young People<br />

Kathie Cameron, CoSLA<br />

Lesley Fox, Smart <strong>Play</strong> Network<br />

Marguerite Hunter Blair, <strong>Play</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

Ian McLaughlan, <strong>Scottish</strong> Pre-School <strong>Play</strong> Association<br />

Irene Miller, NHS Health <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

Eric Mitchell, Capability <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

Siân Neil, Education <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

Juliet Robertson, Creative Star Learning<br />

Alastair Seaman, Grounds <strong>for</strong> Learning<br />

Margaret Westwood, International <strong>Play</strong> Association <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

The children and young people whose views have<br />

shaped this <strong>Strategy</strong>.<br />

The many other contributors from across the play<br />

sector and beyond who offered their views in the<br />

development of this <strong>Strategy</strong>.<br />

PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND


© Crown copyright 2013<br />

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Where we have identified any third party copyright in<strong>for</strong>mation you will need to<br />

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First published by the <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong>, June 2013<br />

ISBN: 978-1-78256-615-1 (web only)<br />

eBook first published by the <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong>, June 2013<br />

ISBN 978-1-78256-677-9 (ePub)<br />

Kindle eBook first published by the <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong>, June 2013<br />

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The <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong><br />

St Andrew’s House<br />

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EH1 3DG<br />

Produced <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong> by APS Group <strong>Scotland</strong><br />

DPPAS14339 (06/13)<br />

Published by the <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong>, June 2013<br />

w w w . s c o t l a n d . g o v . u k

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