Play Strategy for Scotland: Our Vision - Scottish Government
Play Strategy for Scotland: Our Vision - Scottish Government
Play Strategy for Scotland: Our Vision - Scottish Government
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PLAY STRATEGY<br />
FOR SCOTLAND: OUR VISION
01<br />
OUR VISION:<br />
We want <strong>Scotland</strong> to be the best place to<br />
grow up. A nation which values play as a<br />
life-enhancing daily experience <strong>for</strong> all our<br />
children and young people; in their homes,<br />
nurseries, schools and communities.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
03<br />
CONTENTS<br />
Ministerial <strong>for</strong>eword 4<br />
Strategic context 6<br />
Section 1: Every child’s right 10<br />
Section 2: What is play? 13<br />
Section 3: Why play matters 14<br />
Section 4: In the home 16<br />
Section 5: At nursery and school 18<br />
Section 6: In the community 20<br />
Section 7: Positive support <strong>for</strong> play 23<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
04 MINISTERIAL FOREWORD<br />
Aileen Campbell MSP<br />
Minister <strong>for</strong> Children and<br />
Young People<br />
<strong>Play</strong> is vital from<br />
the early stages of<br />
brain development<br />
and bonding with<br />
parents and carers, and<br />
promotes independence<br />
and autonomy <strong>for</strong><br />
the teenage years.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
05<br />
<strong>Play</strong> is the universal language of childhood,<br />
it is an activity which exists <strong>for</strong> its own<br />
sake but also has a fundamental role. All<br />
children and young people should have<br />
the opportunity to play every day and I<br />
am delighted to present <strong>Scotland</strong>’s first<br />
National <strong>Play</strong> <strong>Strategy</strong>.<br />
This <strong>Strategy</strong> is built on the views of<br />
children and young people, parents and<br />
carers, the play sector and others involved<br />
in their wellbeing. Together with the action<br />
plan it seeks to improve the play<br />
experiences of all children and young<br />
people, including those with disabilities or<br />
from disadvantaged backgrounds.<br />
in community settings through the use<br />
of public spaces and services. <strong>Our</strong> role<br />
as parents and carers is to enable and<br />
facilitate play. As policy makers, planners<br />
and practitioners it is to ensure play is<br />
embedded at the heart of decision making<br />
throughout our society and to provide the<br />
catalyst <strong>for</strong> culture change.<br />
Finally, I would like to congratulate and<br />
thank all those who have given their time<br />
and expertise to the development of this<br />
innovative and collaborative vision, and<br />
our action plan, which will follow in the<br />
autumn.<br />
<strong>Play</strong> is a fundamental part of childhood,<br />
taking place within the home from birth,<br />
through <strong>for</strong>mal and in<strong>for</strong>mal learning, and<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
06 STRATEGIC CONTEXT<br />
STRATEGIC CONTEXT<br />
The <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong>’s vision <strong>for</strong><br />
children and young people is clear:<br />
<strong>for</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> to be the best place<br />
in the world to grow up.<br />
Children’s play is crucial to <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />
wellbeing; socially, economically and<br />
environmentally. <strong>Our</strong> people are our greatest<br />
resource and the early years of life set the<br />
pattern <strong>for</strong> children’s future development.<br />
‘The experiences children have in early<br />
life – and the environments in which they<br />
have them – shape their developing brain<br />
architecture and strongly affect whether they<br />
grow up to be healthy, productive members<br />
of society’ (Harvard University, 2007).<br />
<strong>Play</strong> is an essential part of a happy, healthy<br />
childhood and ‘when children play their brains<br />
do two things: they grow and the become<br />
organised and usable’ (Hughes, 2013). By<br />
investing in all our children and young people<br />
now we can strengthen their ability to<br />
achieve their full potential.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
07<br />
<strong>Play</strong> creates a brain that<br />
has increased flexibility and<br />
improved potential <strong>for</strong> learning<br />
later in life<br />
(Lester & Russell, 2008)<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
08 STRATEGIC CONTEXT<br />
<strong>Play</strong> opens up possibilities in the brain that<br />
may be picked up later or discarded; the<br />
important feature is that the potential is<br />
kept alive, more so than if play never<br />
occurred in the first place<br />
(Lester and Russell, 2007)<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s first national <strong>Play</strong> <strong>Strategy</strong> will<br />
contribute directly to all of our National<br />
Outcomes and specifically to ensure our<br />
children have the best start in life and are<br />
ready to succeed, and our young people are<br />
successful learners, confident individuals,<br />
effective contributors and responsible<br />
citizens.<br />
‘Children’s play provides a primary<br />
behaviour <strong>for</strong> developing resilience,<br />
thereby making a significant contribution<br />
to children’s well-being’ (Lester and<br />
Russell, 2007) which is a key concept<br />
in our Getting It Right For Every Child<br />
approach. This underpins and supports<br />
all of our policies <strong>for</strong> children and young<br />
people. This <strong>Strategy</strong> will complement<br />
our proposals in the Children and Young<br />
People (<strong>Scotland</strong>) Bill and further supports<br />
our three main social policy frameworks;<br />
the Early Years Framework, Equally Well,<br />
and Achieving our Potential.<br />
To a child, play is about having fun, but<br />
to society it is much more. <strong>Play</strong> is essential<br />
to healthy development from birth to<br />
adulthood, contributing to capacity <strong>for</strong><br />
learning, resilience and the development<br />
of physical, cognitive, social and emotional<br />
skills. With improved health and educational<br />
outcomes come clear economic benefits.<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s Chief Medical Officer is very<br />
clear about the importance of play, stating<br />
that investing in children’s play is one of<br />
the most important things we can do to<br />
improve children’s health and wellbeing<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>. Furthermore, the right to play<br />
is enshrined in the UN Convention on the<br />
Rights of the Child (UNCRC). All children<br />
and young people should have play<br />
experiences as part of their daily lives.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
09<br />
We all have a role in realising <strong>Scotland</strong>’s vision <strong>for</strong> play as individuals,<br />
parents or carers, members of communities or professionals, by<br />
ensuring all children and young people can access play opportunities<br />
in a range of different settings which offer variety, adventure and<br />
challenge. They must be able to play freely and safely while learning<br />
to manage risks and make choices about where, how and when they<br />
play according to their age, ability and preference.<br />
We have an ambitious vision <strong>for</strong> play to be fully realised in <strong>Scotland</strong>,<br />
and it is one which we can achieve together. <strong>Scotland</strong> is rich with<br />
a professional, qualified and well-led play work<strong>for</strong>ce who are<br />
passionate and driven and have our children’s health and wellbeing<br />
at the very core of their professional lives. Beyond that, our health<br />
workers, early learning and childcare staff, teachers, youth workers<br />
and plethora of out of school care professionals all have a key<br />
role in delivering the outcomes of this <strong>Strategy</strong>. We will publish an<br />
action plan later this year which will set out our collective vision <strong>for</strong><br />
achieving this.<br />
<strong>Play</strong> seems to serve important<br />
social, emotional, and cognitive<br />
functions<br />
(Bateson, 2005)<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
10 SECTION 1: EVERY CHILD’S RIGHT<br />
EVERY<br />
CHILD’S RIGHT<br />
<strong>Play</strong> is fundamental to children and<br />
young people’s quality of life but first<br />
and <strong>for</strong>emost it is a child’s right and one<br />
which the UN Convention on the Rights of<br />
the Child (UNCRC) is keen to see actively<br />
applied. The <strong>Scottish</strong> <strong>Government</strong> has<br />
responsibility <strong>for</strong> implementing the<br />
UNCRC in <strong>Scotland</strong>, addressing the<br />
Committee’s recommendations<br />
appropriate to local requirements.<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> warmly welcomes the UN General<br />
Comment on article 31 adopted by the<br />
Committee in 2013. The General Comment<br />
provides interpretation of the article in<br />
detail and aims to raise awareness of its<br />
importance, promote a richer understanding<br />
of the content and provide guidance <strong>for</strong><br />
its implementation. It also promotes<br />
the child’s right to play in the context<br />
of supporting all children and young<br />
people’s rights.<br />
We are confident that, with relevant action to<br />
ensure article 31 is appropriately implemented<br />
in homes, nurseries, schools and<br />
communities including registered childcare<br />
settings such as out of school care services,<br />
nurseries and playgroups this will support<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s children in their journey<br />
through childhood and adolescence and<br />
into adulthood. It will allow our children<br />
and young people to participate in their<br />
communities, enhancing their role as part<br />
of that community and developing their<br />
resilience, confidence and skills to engage<br />
as citizens.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
11<br />
Article 31 of the UN Convention on the<br />
Rights of the Child states that every<br />
child has the right to rest and leisure,<br />
to engage in play and recreational<br />
activities appropriate to the age of the<br />
child and to participate freely in cultural<br />
life and the arts.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
12 SECTION 2: WHAT IS PLAY?<br />
<strong>Play</strong> encompasses children’s behaviour which<br />
is freely chosen, personally directed and<br />
intrinsically motivated. It is per<strong>for</strong>med <strong>for</strong> no<br />
external goal or reward, and is a fundamental<br />
and integral part of healthy development – not<br />
only <strong>for</strong> individual children but also <strong>for</strong> the<br />
society in which they live.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
13<br />
Review of research into children’s<br />
play considers the element of ‘fun’<br />
to be a central defining quality of<br />
children’s play<br />
(Meire, 2007)<br />
WHAT IS PLAY?<br />
<strong>Play</strong> comes in many <strong>for</strong>ms. It can be active, passive, solitary,<br />
independent, assisted, social, exploratory, educational or just<br />
<strong>for</strong> fun. Moreover, it can happen indoors or outdoors, it can<br />
be structured, creative, messy, entirely facilitated by the<br />
imagination or can involve using the latest gadget.<br />
What is important is that children and young people have the<br />
freedom to choose how and when they play. From the earliest<br />
days and months play helps children learn to move, share,<br />
negotiate, take on board others’ points of view and cultivate<br />
many more skills. It remains equally important throughout<br />
infancy, childhood, the teenage years through adolescence,<br />
and beyond into adulthood and at all ages, stages and abilities.<br />
Many people say it’s a child’s ‘job’ to play and the whole of society<br />
has a role in ensuring we can support children to behave as children,<br />
minimising the pressure on them to grow up too quickly. We<br />
consider play as the primary tool <strong>for</strong> addressing this challenge,<br />
through allowing children and young people to experience fun,<br />
joy and laughter in a way that is important to them.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
14 SECTION 3: WHY PLAY MATTERS<br />
WHY PLAY MATTERS<br />
To a child play is about having fun.<br />
To society it’s so much more. Children’s<br />
play is crucial to <strong>Scotland</strong>’s wellbeing,<br />
socially, economically and environmentally.<br />
The importance of play in children and<br />
young people’s daily lives and to healthy<br />
development has become increasingly<br />
recognised in recent years. A growing body<br />
of evidence supports the view that playing,<br />
throughout childhood, is not only an innate<br />
behaviour but also contributes to quality of<br />
life, sense of wellbeing and is a key element<br />
in effective learning, thereby developing<br />
their physical, cognitive, emotional and<br />
social skills. ‘The research suggests that,<br />
from the first stages of growth through<br />
to adulthood, play has a central role in<br />
developing strong attachments. <strong>Play</strong><br />
between caregiver and infant helps establish<br />
the neural pathways <strong>for</strong> developing wider<br />
attachments with other children and adults’<br />
(Lester and Russell, 2007).<br />
The type of environment <strong>for</strong> play is also<br />
important, having an impact on children<br />
and young people’s experiences, choices<br />
and relationships, both with other people<br />
and with the environment itself. In particular,<br />
outdoor play especially in natural spaces<br />
is beneficial and provides experiences<br />
which cannot be replicated indoors.<br />
Children and young people need adults<br />
to encourage and facilitate their play,<br />
whilst not inhibiting their opportunities<br />
<strong>for</strong> freedom and choice. This means that<br />
everyone involved in planning, designing<br />
and managing local streets, open spaces<br />
and parks such as early learning and<br />
childcare staff, youth workers, teachers<br />
and play practitioners, parents, carers and<br />
local residents, particularly those willing<br />
to offer their services as volunteers, can<br />
all have a major impact on children and<br />
young people’s play opportunities.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
15<br />
There is a body of evidence which<br />
demonstrates the effectiveness of play in<br />
promoting problem-solving abilities (Bergen, 2002)<br />
The Early Years Framework is very clear<br />
about the importance of positive parenting<br />
in the early years and our National Parenting<br />
<strong>Strategy</strong> clearly emphasises to parents,<br />
carers and practitioners the benefits<br />
of play, from stimulating our babies<br />
from day one, to creating opportunities<br />
<strong>for</strong> all children and young people to<br />
explore, be active and enjoy the learning<br />
opportunities provided by play throughout<br />
their lives.<br />
Seeing the difference play can make<br />
in a child’s development is delightful<br />
and benefits the whole family through<br />
supporting bonding and building<br />
relationships. <strong>Play</strong> allows children to<br />
experience and make sense of their world,<br />
to challenge themselves, practise skills<br />
and manage their emotions, interact with<br />
others or enjoy time alone. Numerous<br />
studies, including Growing Up In <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
show play to be a crucial factor in a child’s<br />
educational achievement. The benefits<br />
from playing and having fun cannot be<br />
underestimated.<br />
Creating an environment that provides<br />
rich play experiences is critical in<br />
meeting the needs of our children and<br />
young people. Offering them choices to<br />
develop the skills of expression, thought,<br />
curiosity, movement, problem solving and<br />
achievement provides a sound basis <strong>for</strong><br />
fostering the development of useful skills<br />
and attributes which will serve them well<br />
throughout life. As children grow they can<br />
continue to hone these skills contributing<br />
to family life and the wider community<br />
through shared activities and hobbies,<br />
sport, recreation and leisure activities,<br />
developing management and leadership<br />
skills and supporting younger children to<br />
participate.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
16 SECTION 4: IN THE HOME<br />
IN THE HOME<br />
Parents and carers are a child’s first educators and have a crucial role to play<br />
in encouraging their development. Supporting children to grow up in a rich<br />
home learning environment, providing secure boundaries and guidance and<br />
offering emotional stability from the first days of life is fundamental to<br />
holistic child development.<br />
The last three decades have seen significant changes in the way we live.<br />
Increasingly busy lifestyles can often be the reason <strong>for</strong> a lack of play<br />
opportunities or uptake. We know that parents and carers feel pressure <strong>for</strong><br />
their children to have the newest toys and the latest games consoles and<br />
regularly attend structured activities such as dance classes and swimming<br />
lessons. They often feel they need to be seen to be ‘as good as other parents’<br />
and that this is primarily achieved through spending money.<br />
I’ve learned kids are happy<br />
playing with almost anything,<br />
you don’t have to buy<br />
expensive toys<br />
(A parent, 2013)<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
17<br />
Free play opportunities provide the biggest<br />
benefit in a child’s development and we<br />
should support <strong>Scotland</strong>’s parents and carers<br />
to feel positive about providing their children<br />
with a rich variety of experiences, which<br />
do not cost a lot of money. It is important<br />
to remind ourselves our time, guidance and<br />
support to play is just as important in making<br />
a difference <strong>for</strong> children and young people.<br />
<strong>Play</strong> changes as children grow up and at the<br />
pace and stage appropriate to them. Outdoor<br />
play opportunities are needed at all ages and<br />
stages as a frequent part of family life. As<br />
children grow older they need opportunities<br />
to develop independence through playing<br />
outdoors, helping to develop and practise<br />
important life skills within the real world.<br />
The <strong>Play</strong>TalkRead campaign aims to<br />
encourage parents and carers to engage<br />
more with their babies and young children<br />
through day to day experiences supported<br />
by the availability of online resources and<br />
within their own communities. Created using<br />
the play@home principles, it offers practical<br />
solutions <strong>for</strong> involving children in daily life.<br />
These can be used to strengthen bonding<br />
and communication, improve parenting skills<br />
and introduce physically and mentally healthy<br />
attitudes from the first days of life. <strong>Play</strong>TalkRead<br />
also benefits from the Bookbug principles,<br />
encouraging parents and carers to read<br />
together with their children from birth using<br />
the Bookbug packs given to every child in<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> and participating in storytelling and<br />
Rhymetime sessions. It aims to encourage<br />
families to make regular use of local facilities<br />
such as libraries and community centres.<br />
There is a role <strong>for</strong> the family, as a loving<br />
and nurturing unit and as individuals within<br />
the family, in supporting play in and around<br />
the home, spending quality time together<br />
through shared interests and hobbies or<br />
playing games outside and in. Of course,<br />
every family is different. Long-term health<br />
conditions, physical or learning disabilities,<br />
unemployment and bereavement are only<br />
some of the issues affecting families across<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> every day. Many more children<br />
and young people now live in one parent<br />
families and may require greater support<br />
from the wider family and community<br />
in which they live. It is important to<br />
recognise that play can be used as an<br />
invaluable and unique therapy, caring <strong>for</strong><br />
children and young people to increase<br />
their enjoyment, support recovery and aid<br />
physical and mental wellbeing, within the<br />
home, the community and in health settings.<br />
There were lots of<br />
ideas I can use with<br />
my son and his blind<br />
father so he can be<br />
more involved<br />
(A mum visiting the <strong>Play</strong>TalkRead<br />
bus in Ayrshire, 2013.)<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
18 SECTION 5: AT NURSERY AND SCHOOL<br />
AT NURSERY<br />
AND SCHOOL<br />
All learning environments, including nurseries and schools need “free play”.<br />
This is commonly defined as “behaviour that is freely chosen, personally directed<br />
and intrinsically motivated”. This <strong>for</strong>m of play has the potential to contribute<br />
powerfully and positively to some of the most significant areas of school life,<br />
from early years to secondary, and mainstream to special schools.<br />
<strong>Play</strong> supports the development of social<br />
skills and collaboration. It stimulates<br />
physical activity and the development<br />
of important physical competencies.<br />
It encourages creativity, imagination<br />
and problem solving. When children<br />
have access to natural spaces <strong>for</strong> play,<br />
it fosters a sense of close connection<br />
with and respect <strong>for</strong>, nature. Staff in early<br />
years have an important role to play in<br />
maximising outdoor play experiences <strong>for</strong><br />
children. Many learning establishment<br />
practitioners recognise the potential of<br />
the outdoor environment and use it as<br />
creatively and positively as possible.<br />
Teachers who have closely observed free<br />
play in schools have identified a wide range<br />
of curriculum experiences and outcomes<br />
that are being delivered without any <strong>for</strong>mal<br />
input from teachers. Schools that provide<br />
rich outdoor free play environments report<br />
happier children, better break-time behaviour<br />
and children who are better able to concentrate<br />
in class. These experiences are important<br />
<strong>for</strong> all children and young people, including<br />
those with additional physical, behavioural<br />
or learning needs.<br />
Learning through play is widely<br />
acknowledged as a key component of good<br />
practice in the early years, both indoors and<br />
outdoors. In early learning and childcare<br />
settings, Pre-Birth to Three Positive Outcomes<br />
<strong>for</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s Children and Families promotes<br />
the importance of planning and supporting<br />
play. To support play effectively practitioners<br />
need to be knowledgeable and sensitive<br />
about the timing and nature of interventions<br />
or interactions. One of the most important<br />
aspects of supporting play is ensuring that<br />
children and young people have the time,<br />
space and freedom to initiate, plan, lead and<br />
conclude their own play. When practitioners<br />
are reflective and intervene appropriately<br />
they are able to take account of children’s<br />
interests and prior knowledge and make<br />
provision <strong>for</strong> next steps and new experiences.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
19<br />
From early years and onwards Curriculum<br />
<strong>for</strong> Excellence promotes playful learner-led<br />
approaches in the classroom and outdoors<br />
in nursery, primary, secondary and special<br />
schools. However, the greatest potential to<br />
develop free play in schools is outdoors<br />
be<strong>for</strong>e and after school, during break times<br />
and, through out of school care.<br />
Recent years have seen positive developments<br />
<strong>for</strong> play opportunities in <strong>Scottish</strong> schools<br />
and early years settings. Approaches such<br />
as nature and <strong>for</strong>est kindergartens typify how<br />
free play in nature can be integrated into the<br />
curriculum on a frequent and regular basis<br />
throughout the year, in almost all weathers.<br />
Curriculum <strong>for</strong> Excellence through Outdoor<br />
Learning encourages the creative use of the<br />
outdoors as a context <strong>for</strong> helping children<br />
and young people to develop their skills<br />
<strong>for</strong> learning, working and living in a complex<br />
and changing world. Outdoor free-play offers<br />
a powerful way of providing some of these<br />
enriching outdoor experiences on a daily basis.<br />
Some schools through the Rights Respecting<br />
Schools award recognise and value children’s<br />
right to play as part of their ethos. Innovative<br />
playful approaches have become more<br />
widespread within the curriculum such as digital<br />
games-based learning which motivate<br />
and engage many children, helping them<br />
to understand key concepts in many<br />
subject areas.<br />
Most children and young people have access<br />
to a safe outdoor play space at school. This<br />
is important <strong>for</strong> all children and young<br />
people but particularly <strong>for</strong> those who don’t<br />
have access to a private garden, nearby park<br />
or a safe street to play in. Nursery gardens<br />
and school playgrounds are accessed by<br />
children on a daily basis: during, be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
and after nursery and school.<br />
Most children and young people will spend<br />
around 1500 hours of their life in their<br />
school playgrounds; <strong>for</strong> many this will be<br />
more than in any other outdoor play setting.<br />
School grounds are also places where children<br />
and young people can take an active role<br />
in developing and looking after their play<br />
spaces, building a sense of ownership<br />
and active participation. In some areas<br />
school playgrounds are accessible out of<br />
school hours to the wider community,<br />
providing thousands of extra hours of play<br />
opportunities <strong>for</strong> children and young people.<br />
There is a need to build on these successes<br />
so that regular free play becomes a reality<br />
<strong>for</strong> all children and young people in every<br />
nursery and school, particularly outdoors,<br />
embracing play in all weathers and ensuring<br />
ongoing maintenance and stewardship of<br />
outdoor play spaces.<br />
Greater recognition and understanding<br />
of the concept and value of free play<br />
and playtimes is needed, particularly in<br />
primary, secondary and special schools.<br />
The importance of outdoor play times<br />
<strong>for</strong> disabled children and young people<br />
with complex healthcare needs specific<br />
proactive attention.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
20 SECTION 6: IN THE COMMUNITY<br />
IN THE<br />
COMMUNITY<br />
As a society we need to encourage children<br />
and young people to spend time outside<br />
and to start exploring the fantastic and<br />
often wild and open space which <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
has in abundance, be it in the local town,<br />
city or countryside. Children playing outdoors<br />
is something we want to see happening<br />
much more in all outdoor places including<br />
green space, parks and streets that are<br />
valued by the community.<br />
We know that a variety of different<br />
community settings are also important<br />
<strong>for</strong> many children and young people,<br />
such as nurseries, out of school services,<br />
playgroups and playschemes after school<br />
and in the holidays; and in youth clubs<br />
and community centres across the country.<br />
Outdoor play doesn’t necessarily mean<br />
visiting the local play park, sometimes<br />
it means playing kerby on the street or<br />
investigating local wildlife. The beauty<br />
of outdoor play is more than appreciating<br />
your natural surroundings and breathing<br />
in fresh air, it’s on your doorstep, it’s free<br />
and all children and young people can get<br />
involved – regardless of their background,<br />
gender, age, stage or ability, together with<br />
the whole family.<br />
We know that open space allows children<br />
and young people to be physically<br />
active and challenge themselves so they<br />
sleep and eat well and <strong>for</strong>m healthy<br />
habits that will stay with them <strong>for</strong> life.<br />
In particular, daily contact with nature<br />
and playing in natural spaces has additional<br />
benefits and promotes greater use of<br />
these community green spaces as adults.<br />
The type of environments available <strong>for</strong> play<br />
have a major impact on the nature of that<br />
play so careful consideration should be<br />
given to the planning and design of public<br />
spaces and particularly <strong>for</strong> communities<br />
within the built environment. Children<br />
and young people should have access to<br />
play spaces, whether they are park areas<br />
or in<strong>for</strong>mal spaces where they choose<br />
to play. <strong>Scottish</strong> Planning Policy sets out<br />
that planning authorities should protect<br />
valued open space, and seek to address<br />
needs identified in open space strategies.<br />
There should be clean, safe and welcoming<br />
spaces <strong>for</strong> children and young people<br />
to play and gather where they are not<br />
considered a nuisance by others in their<br />
communities, as set out in Designing Places<br />
and Designing Streets. Stimulating<br />
environments reduce the incidence of<br />
aggressive and destructive behaviour.<br />
The importance of interesting outdoor<br />
spaces designed in partnership with<br />
children and young people cannot be<br />
overstated.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
21<br />
Most children and young people want to be<br />
able to play outside in the local neighbourhood<br />
where they live. They enjoy spaces that<br />
offer them the opportunity to experiment,<br />
to challenge themselves physically, to feel<br />
free and to socialise. Green Infrastructure:<br />
Design and Placemaking encourages architects,<br />
planners and developers to take account<br />
of the landscape and notes that green<br />
infrastructure can create pleasant, stimulating<br />
places <strong>for</strong> fun, play and relaxation.<br />
Older children and young people can choose<br />
to participate in youth services which provide<br />
somewhere safe to be with their friends, hang<br />
out and have fun.<br />
Exposure to challenges, with support from<br />
parents and carers, play workers and youth<br />
workers, balancing their understanding of<br />
keeping children safe from harm while<br />
allowing them to learn and develop through<br />
sometimes risky activities will help build<br />
resilience into adult life. That is why we<br />
want to see parents, carers, professionals<br />
and volunteers adopt a risk-benefit approach<br />
to play. We value the long-term benefits<br />
of play and exposure to risk – both in<br />
terms of physical health and in developing<br />
resilience and mental wellbeing and aim to<br />
support parents and carers, communities<br />
and professionals in recognising the benefits<br />
of this approach. The changing nature of<br />
the outdoors makes it a more interesting,<br />
stimulating place to play, and allows children<br />
the sense of fun and freedom they crave<br />
whilst promoting their physical, emotional<br />
and psychological health.<br />
In addition, children and young people<br />
who play outdoors more often have better<br />
social networks, are more confident and are<br />
more involved in their local communities<br />
than those who are outside less often.<br />
Opportunities <strong>for</strong>, and experience of outdoor<br />
play vary widely, but there are some distinct<br />
differences in the experiences of girls and<br />
boys, those who are disabled, those from<br />
different social backgrounds and those<br />
from varied types of housing environment.<br />
Religious and cultural beliefs may also<br />
influence play opportunities and experiences.<br />
If local spaces are to offer children the range<br />
of experiences they need and thrive on, they<br />
must be well designed and maintained to<br />
ensure children have regular access to new<br />
and interesting experiences that stretch and<br />
absorb them, whatever their age, interests<br />
and ability. This includes attending to issues<br />
with regards to the whole play landscape<br />
and environment such as measures to curb<br />
or calm traffic, provision of well-lit footpaths<br />
and walk ways, shelter and gathering spaces,<br />
litter bins and appropriate equipment <strong>for</strong><br />
older children and young people.<br />
Habits of healthy outdoor exercise<br />
as adults are linked to patterns of<br />
use established in childhood<br />
(Thompson and others, 2008)<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
22 SECTION 6: IN THE COMMUNITY<br />
The social and cultural space <strong>for</strong> play can be<br />
as important as the physical environment and<br />
schemes which encourage communities to work<br />
together to support both intergenerational<br />
and age and stage related play serve an<br />
important purpose in establishing child and<br />
play friendly neighbourhoods. The existence<br />
of good spaces and opportunities <strong>for</strong> play<br />
allows children and young people from<br />
different social groups to mix, can reduce<br />
socially unacceptable behaviour and vandalism<br />
and provides children and young people with<br />
places where they can feel both safe and<br />
independent.<br />
Avoiding the outdoors because of fear of<br />
traffic, concerns of personal safety or even<br />
the weather can impact on opportunities<br />
to play. Fears <strong>for</strong> children’s safety have at<br />
times resulted in restricted access to outdoor<br />
play. While the risks are real, the perception<br />
of them is often higher than the reality and<br />
should be balanced against the benefits of<br />
outdoor play. We know that learning to deal<br />
with challenges will help build children’s<br />
resilience into adult life. Learning to enjoy<br />
the outdoors in our climate and manage<br />
risks and challenges will help children and<br />
young people grow and develop into healthy<br />
confident adults.<br />
To place oneself at risk does not only<br />
mean that one places oneself in jeopardy,<br />
but also that one is situated in a zone of<br />
potential and development<br />
(Lindqvist and Nordanger, 2007)<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
SECTION 7: POSITIVE SUPPORT FOR PLAY<br />
23<br />
POSITIVE<br />
SUPPORT FOR PLAY<br />
We need to foster a positive and supportive environment in order to enable quality play<br />
opportunities <strong>for</strong> all children in <strong>Scotland</strong>. This includes valuing children and young people<br />
and the importance of play.<br />
Essential to achieving this is a professional,<br />
qualified, well led work<strong>for</strong>ce with the<br />
skills and confidence to provide support<br />
and advice to parents and carers about<br />
play so that they in turn provide more<br />
play opportunities <strong>for</strong> children and young<br />
people outwith established settings.<br />
Leaders and practitioners together, across<br />
the public, private and voluntary sectors,<br />
can shape the culture and practice of play<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong> as it moves <strong>for</strong>ward and we<br />
will enable that through cross sector and<br />
sector specific CPD. The infrastructure<br />
will be supported to have an active and<br />
sustainable role in delivering this <strong>Strategy</strong>,<br />
including the contribution of play<br />
organisations.<br />
The work<strong>for</strong>ce should universally emphasise<br />
the value of risk through play. Practitioners<br />
should be bold in providing challenging<br />
play opportunities, managed through riskbenefit<br />
assessment. Taking a controlled<br />
risk and seeing it payoff is essential to<br />
becoming a confident individual. The media<br />
also has a key role to play in promoting and<br />
fostering positive attitudes towards play<br />
in society.<br />
This sets out our vision <strong>for</strong> the future of play in <strong>Scotland</strong>. <strong>Our</strong> action plan<br />
will follow this autumn which will set out how we aim to achieve this.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
24 WITH THANKS TO<br />
WITH THANKS TO:<br />
THE WORKING GROUP<br />
Julia Abel, Inspiring <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Tam Baillie, <strong>Scotland</strong>’s Commissioner <strong>for</strong> Children and Young People<br />
Kathie Cameron, CoSLA<br />
Lesley Fox, Smart <strong>Play</strong> Network<br />
Marguerite Hunter Blair, <strong>Play</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Ian McLaughlan, <strong>Scottish</strong> Pre-School <strong>Play</strong> Association<br />
Irene Miller, NHS Health <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Eric Mitchell, Capability <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Siân Neil, Education <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Juliet Robertson, Creative Star Learning<br />
Alastair Seaman, Grounds <strong>for</strong> Learning<br />
Margaret Westwood, International <strong>Play</strong> Association <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
The children and young people whose views have<br />
shaped this <strong>Strategy</strong>.<br />
The many other contributors from across the play<br />
sector and beyond who offered their views in the<br />
development of this <strong>Strategy</strong>.<br />
PLAY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND
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