The Heaven and Earth Society and the Red Turban Rebellion in ...

Maeda Katsutaro 前 田 勝 泰 郞 . “Shindai no Kanton ni okeru nomin toso no kiban 淸 代 廣 東 における 農 民 斗 争
の 基 盤 .” Toyo gekuho 東 洋 學 報 , 51 (March 1969): 1-38.
Meadows, Thomas T. The Chinese and Their Rebellions. London: Smith, Elder, 1856.
Morgan, W. P. Triad Societies in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Government Press, 1960.
Murray, Dian H., in collaboration with Qin Baoqi. The Origins of the Tiandihui the Chinese Triads in Legend
and History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974.
------------------, Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.
Nishikawa Kikuko , “Juntoku danren sokyokuno seitatsu ,” in Toyobunka
kenkyusho kiyo 研 105. Tokyo University, 1988.
Ownby, David. Brotherhoods and Secret Societies in Early Mid-Qing China: The Formation of A Tradition.
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Sasaki Masaya 佐 々 木 正 哉 . “Kampo yonen Kanton Tenchikai no haran 咸 豊 四 年 廣 東 天 地 會 の 反 亂 ” Kindai
Chugoku Kenkyu Senta iho 近 代 中 國 硏 究 センタ 彙 報 , 2.3 (1963): 1-17.
Scarth, John. Twelve Years in China: The People, the Rebels, and the Mandarins. Edinburgh: T. Constable
and co., 1860.
Schlegel, Gustave. Thian Ti Hwui: The Hung League or Heaven-Earth League. Batavia: Lange and Co.,
1866.
Shih, Vincent Y. The Taiping Ideology: Its Sources, Interpretations, and Influences. Seattle and London:
University of Washington Press, 1967.
Skinner, G. William. “Chinese Peasants and the Closed Community: An Open and Shut Case.” Comparative
Studies in Society and History, 13 (1971): 270-281.
Soda Yo 相 田 洋 . “Kokinko 紅 巾 考 .” Toyoshi kenkyu 東 洋 史 硏 究 , 38.4 (March 1980).
Teng Ssu-yu. New Light on the History of the Taiping Rebellion. New York: Russell & Russell, 1966.
Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. "The Secret Societies of Kwangtung, 1800-1856" In Chesneaux, Jean. ed. Popular
Movements and Secret Societies in China: 1840-1950. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972:43.
----------------------------. Strangers at the Gate. Berkeley and LA: Univ. of California Press, 1966.
Wang Qingcheng 庆 . “Taiping tianguo de ‘qizhi’ 国 ‘’,” in,” in Taiping tianguo de lishi he
sixiang 国 历 . Beijing: Zhonghus shuju, 1985.
Wang Tianjiang 王 天 奖 , “19shiji xiaban de zhongguo di mimi shehui 19 世 纪 下 半 的 中 国 地 秘 密 社 会 ,” Lishi
Yanjiu 历 史 研 究 . Beijing, 1963, no. 2.
Wright, Stanley. The origin and development of the Chinese Customs Service, 1843-1911 An historical
outline. Shanghai, 1939.
Wu Zhaoqing 吳 兆 淸 and Hao Zhiqing 赫 治 淸 . Zhongguo Banghuishi 中 國 幇 會 史 . Taibei: Wenzhi
chubanshe, 1996.
Xuxu 徐 续 . Lingnan gujinlu 岭 南 古 今 录 . Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin chubanshe, 1992.
Yang, Martin C. A Chinese Village, Taitou, Shantung Province. New York: Columbia University Press, 1945.
Yoo Jangkun ( ). Kundae Joong'Kukyi Bimil Kyulsa
. Seoul: Koryowon, 1996.
34