Birds of paradise, biogeography and ecology in New Guinea: a review

898 M. Heads
Figure 6 A sequence of three species in Ninox, a genus ranging
from Madagascar to New Zealand. N. perversa, N. squamipila (four
subspecies shown, a ®fth on Christmas Island indicated by arrow),
N. theomacha.
Figure 8 Aegothelidae (monogeneric) at its western limit. Aegotheles
crinifrons Halmahera and Bacan. The genus has six other species in
New Guinea (one of these also in Australia), one in New Caledonia,
and one (fossil) in New Zealand.
Figure 7 Coracina atriceps: N and S Moluccas, Coracina parvula:
Halmahera. C. papuensis: Misol I., Moluccas (melanolora), other
races in New Guinea, Solomons, northern Australia.
limit in the northern Moluccas, like the birds of paradise,
include the following taxa.
Aegothelidae (owlet nightjars) (Fig. 8) comprise eight
species of Australia, New Zealand (fossil), New Caledonia
and New Guinea, and range west to the northern Moluccas
where Aegotheles crinifrons Bonaparte is endemic.
Reinwardtoena Bonaparte (Columbidae) (Fig. 9) comprises
three species: one in the Solomons, one in New Britain
and R. reinwardtsi (Temminck) with races in New Guinea
and the western Papuan Islands, Biak and the Moluccas.
Tanysiptera Gray (Alcedinidae) (Fig. 10) reaches its western
limit with T. galatea (Gray) in New Guinea and the
Moluccas, and four other species on small islands around the
Vogelkop.
Gymnophaps Salvadori (Columbidae) (Fig. 11) comprises
three species: one in the Solomon Islands, G. albertisii
Figure 9 Reinwardtoena at its western limit. R. reinwardtsi has a
distribution resembling that of the Paradisaeidae, with subspecies in
New Guinea and Western Papuan Islands, Biak I. and the Moluccas.
Reinwardtoena has two other species, one in New Britain and
one in the Solomons.
Salvadori with subspecies in the Bismarck Archipelago, New
Guinea and northern Moluccas (Bacan only), and G. mada
Hartert in the southern Moluccas.
Charmosyna Wagler (Loriidae) (Fig. 12) ranges from Fiji
and New Caledonia west to New Guinea and the northern
and southern Moluccas.
Lorius Vigors (Loriidae) (Fig. 13) has four species in the
Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands, one in New
Guinea, and the western limit of the genus is held by
L. garrulus (Linnaeus) in the northern Moluccas, and
L. domicellus (Linnaeus) in the southern Moluccas.
Alcedo (ˆ Ceyx, ˆ Alcyone) azureus (Latham) (Alcedinidae)
(Fig. 14) has three races in Australia, one each in
New Guinea, Tanimbar and Aru Islands and reaches its
Ó Blackwell Science Ltd 2001, Journal of Biogeography, 28, 893±925