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Haematology and Blood Transfusion Vol. 26 <strong>Modern</strong> Trends in Human Leukemia IV Edited by Neth, Gallo, Graf, Mannweiler, Winkler © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1981 Cell Fusion as a Tool for the Detection of Viral Footprints in Childhood Leukemia J. Jore, R. Dubbes, J. Coolen, and K. Nooter A. Introduction In our studies on a possible role of type C oncoviruses in human leukemia we applied the technique of cocultivation of human bone marrow with an animal indicator cellline. Dog thymus A 7573 cells were cocultivated with human bone marrow sampIes from normal individuals, leukemic patients, and nonleukemic patients. By means of the indirect cytoplasmic immunofluorescence assay (IFA), antigens which crossreacted with the major internal protein (p30) of the woolly monkey (simian) sarcoma leukemia virus (SiSV) complex could be detected (Nooter et al. 1979). In the case of childhood leukemia, five out of nine cocultures showed virus-related IFA staining. It was hypothesized that the expression of antigens in the cocultivated A 7573 cells is the result of an infectious type C virus originating from the leukemic bone marrow cells. In that case it may be expected that cell fusion instead of cocultivation would facilitate the transfer of a putative human virus to the indicator cells. We describe here our preliminary results of fusion experiments of human leukemic bone marrow with animal celllines. B. Materials and Methods I. Cell Fusion Cell fusion was essentially as described by HaIes (1977). Normally, eight million nucleated bane marrow cells were mixed with two million indicator cells (either fetal dog thymus A 7573 cells or rabbit cornea SIRC cells), pelleted, and fused. Afterfusion the cells were seeded in a 75 cm 2 Falcon. The cultures were transferred every 5 days. At each passage cells were grown on microscope slides for the fluorescence test. 11. Patient Information Nuc1eated cells from bone marrow aspirates from leukemic children were obtained by sedimentation in 1 % (v/v) methYlcellulose in culture medium. 111. Immunofluorescence Assay Indirect cytoplasmic immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were carried out on aceton-fixed cells as has been described previously (Nooter 1979). For IFA 50 fJ.I of a suspension of freshly trypsinized cells (l05. mI-I) were transferred into wells of Tefloncoated microscope slides. The cells were incubated at 37°C fur 20 h in a humidified CO 2 incubator. Thereafter the cells were fixed in aceton. IV. Antisera The IgG fractions of antisera were prepared according to Joustra and Lundgren (1970). The characteristics of the antisera used have been described previously (Nooter et al. 1979). c. Results Seven bone marrow sampIes from leukemic children were fused with A7573 cells and two, selected at random, with SIRC cells. The fused cultures were screened periodically for the presence of viral antigens with the IF A, using antiviral antisera directed at the major internal polypeptide [with a mol. wt. of 30,000 (p30)] of a murine type C virus (R-MuLV) and a primate type C virus (SiSV). One to five weeks after fusion antigens appeared in seven of nine cultures which predominantly reacted in the IF A with the Si SV antiserum (Table 1). The presence of antigens is a transient phenomenon: after 2 to 3 months of propagation the cultures were negative in the IF A. 527
Antisera a Table 1. Immunofluorescence end point titers cultureS' Af 91277 Af 10278 Af 51278 Af 81277 Af10179 Af 14879 Af 24779 Sf23779 Sf14879 Virus positive control cultures REF+SiSVc BALB/3T3 + R-MuLVd Virus negative control cultures REF BALB/3T3, A7573 SIRC, A204 e , NC37 f RA-SiSV-p30 40 80 80 80 40 80 40-80 320-640 40-80 RA-R-MuLV -p30 10 20
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Haematology and Blood Transfusion 2
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Dr. Rolf Neth, Universitäts-Kinder
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Participants of the Meeting Aaronso
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Kurth, R, Friedrich-Miescher-Labora
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Wilsede Scholarship Holders (Grante
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Preface Gut ist eine Lehrart, wo ma
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Personal and scientific discussion
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Acknowledgement We should like to t
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Wilsede, June 21 1978 Memorial Trib
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limiting benign lymphoproliferative
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this most unlikely, however (for re
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longer subject to the same control
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Bregula U, Wiener F, Harris H (1971
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fresh lymph node biopsies from ten
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Fig. 3. Binucleate mitosis in an ob
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y Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of post
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than that among patients with Stage
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Tests of binding affinity, agglutin
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N Engl J Med 297: 963-968 - Green I
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Clinical Aspects
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"ring chromosome". "Mar" is marker,
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191 chromosomally abnormal patients
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tumors of both African and non-Afri
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Haematology and Blood Transfusion V
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Retrospective group 26/93 evolved l
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Treatment
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advantage in terms of duration of f
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leukaemia. An analysis of 168 patie
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11. Treatment Program Chemotherapy
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efractory congestive heart failure
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period (Sequence II) was gene rally
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children with a multiple drug proto
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DAYS 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 , I I I
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Biologically Drug Outcome fit" sens
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may counterbalance the potential be
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Ht (0--0) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Platelet
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10 7 ,-----------------------------
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11. Haematological and Biochemical
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0\ 0\ INTERFERON ... 10 3 rl E "'
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("pre-B" phenotype) has been descri
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human bone marrow cells exhibit the
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10 9.,0 MBKCC .. .,4 B prot:oool 1'
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demann W, Büehner T, Arlin Z, Gee
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-...l 00 a-tLDRENS CAt«:ER S TU>Y
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prognostic characteristics under in
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significantly higher in HR} (14.5%,
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normal or elevated immunoglobulin l
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References Andreeff M, Darzynkiewic
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R GROUP 1 ( 1970 - 1971 ) 17 PTS. R
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Table 3. Influence of initial featu
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LIJ (f) a.. < -1 LIJ Q: u. 0 >- I-
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me nt indicated that additional the
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42:2123-2134 - Chessells JM, Cornbl
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Baum et al. 1979). This study was b
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1. 0 '--'1--" 0.9 e: o .- VI VI E C
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e: o e: 1. 0 ,.--...-- 1'"'\ ......
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In conclusion, we can state that th
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Haematology and Blood Transfnsion V
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INDUCTION VCR + PRED + ASNASE (wk 3
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SCHED.INT 1 MTX • ! Adria MTX •
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~ looh---------ooooc>----o---c>----
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Consoll- Irra .tlon t) .tlon Indu
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Highrisk Standard risk Table 1. Cli
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Cumulo/ive comp/el9 remission 1.0 .
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10° 8 = 6 ö 4 Non T Cell .~ :ö
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% SURVIVAL 100 ~ ~II 0 80 60 40 - -
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a) Percentage of donor cell mitoses
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Table 5. Results of bone marrow tra
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...... w N Table 7. Clinical result
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agent had to be added and that in t
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C. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia The
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Patients with a suitable donor rece
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No. Recurrent Leukaemia Other death
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followed by dialysis against isoton
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HS, HL- Heme >_ 40 0 HS I ;:. =====
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knowing at present. These genes may
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esistance to antifolates. In Vitro
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a DNA probe specific for the gene t
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translocation between chromosomes 9
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Table 1. Subdivision of 1827 Myelo-
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NORMAL CELL ®
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some change of the primary type, in
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F. Transformation of Mouse Bone Mar
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were carried out with 3H-MTX in the
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the lysozyme cDNA prepared from ovi
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et al. 1976). The BJAB cellline in
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dalton bands corresponding to light
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1979). The EBV-carrying cell lines
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producer lines (DAUDI and P3HR-1),
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G, Giovanella B, Westman A, Stehlin
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Dc;bt CT + i J.I9 Raji; 1. i .. 100
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c. Discussion During infectious mon
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C. Nonepisomal Viral DNA We have us
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A 260 3.0 A B 1670 70 N2 2.0 c: E .
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vivo. Nature 260:302-306 - Kirk JTO
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Fig. 1. a Polyacrylamide gelelectro
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1979). The lymphocyte subpopulation
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lysin 0 antigens are found, and mix
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Pope JH (1978) Long-term T cell-med
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Charaeteristie Morphologie maturati
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after TPA-induction (Table 3). The
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PA (1978) Reactivity of a rabbit an
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Blood Monocyte. B lood Monocytes 1-
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and nonhistone proteins can serve a
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The findings of the evaluation of s
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Fig. 3. Tumor grawth of L 428 cells
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Cell biological and Immunological A
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consideration. Sanel (1973) obtaine
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endotoxin serum, were used. A parti
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monocytic leukemia cell line in cul
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B. Isolation, Characterization and
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don al hemopathies generally displa
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nitors. Blood Cells 6:595-607 - Min
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\I) ....I ....I IU Jl 200 r 100 90
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their haemopoietic cells' ability t
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normal normal ALL ALL ALL persons p
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64.5 { V)
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References Biermann E, Neth R, Gros
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ehambers, the growth pattern observ
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References Anderssen LC, 10kinen M,
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REH CELL UNE TO CALLb~Ö ~q~ V.M. c
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the macrophage series in which the
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Table 1. Production of factor depen
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Table 1. Characteristics of the adh
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Fig. 3. A human marrow culture at 6
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300 250 • HYPERPROLIFERATIVE PATT
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Fig. 9. Nonadherent population from
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The cobblestone areas were often no
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L (1976) Induction of colony format
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B. Materials and Methods J. Tissue
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Fig. 2. Ultrastructural appearance
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Table 1. Monoclonal antibody reacti
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al. 1979; Janossy et al. 1979) is e
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to which this is an exact replica o
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inger JL (1976) Distribution of la-
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I region antigens were found to be
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have been reported to be present on
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V. FunctionalAssays Assays for PHA
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Functional studies of UCHT1 separat
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40 ,...... (5 L.. C o u 30 .9 ~ .~
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with immunohistochemieal methods (L
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can be dissected by cloning. Utiliz
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Table 1. Origin and marker profile
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complete identity of gp 100 from no
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Table 1. Reaction of single anti se
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media. Following 24-h incubation, c
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nonleukemic eells (Greaves 1979). L
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Fig. 2. Cytocentrifuged smears of b
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Modification of amino-groups of hum
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disturb this balance in the directi
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The majority of human blood lymphoc
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of the EBV infected B cells. Howeve
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and immunoglobulins. J Immunol 120:
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" K 10 • j ~ ALL RNlL AL wtfh les
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tion akuter Leukämiezellen in "spo
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D. Results and Discussion J. Acute
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selectively responsive to different
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l1J ~ 100 ~ Q. ::) l1J Z 0 ~ z >- .
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Table 2. Growth inhibition of S49 e
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Reverse Infectious ASC/2X1Q6 transc
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munized animals to 1316 tumor cells
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Fig. 3. Expression of retroviral gp
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pg70. J Exp Med 143: 151-166 - McGr
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Table 1. Expression of tumor antige
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Virological and Molecularbiological
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Table 1. Oncogenic properties of re
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also Fig. 1). It followed that the
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whether this sequence is related to
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zed in infected cells argue that th
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a specific viral transforming prote
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detect viral RNA as the only charac
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Eisen H (1980) Myeloproliferate vir
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p,60- -34K - 1 2 3 4 Fig. 1. In vit
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.. p - • a'T ... I .t'l Fig. 4. D
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Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of NY68 in
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DEAE (o(lJmn 'liI GI -2 2 o e s 1
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vity was deterrnined. For endogenou
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pr 180 - - - P 12/15 - A B c D E F
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85,- 66- -27 - -66 40- 27- -1'9 19-
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= 0.5 o E Q. o ILI 0.4 (J) « ILI .
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Table 1. Oncogenic potential of avi
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100 III GI c: o "8 80 > w
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Expt. No. Infecting virus Proportio
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Haematology and Blood 'fransfusion
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sequences, provided its gag portion
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77:3009-3013 - Hu SSF, Moscoviei C,
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RI 2.2 md and Hind III 2.6 md leuke
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RELATIONSHIP OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOG
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E ........ E Cl. U E :::l .... Q) (
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References Astrin S (1978) Endogeno
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the same animal were examined (e.g.
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I) 'IQ a \0 - CL -- Fig. 2. Restrie
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~ ..................... ~ Cell 3' 5
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a :Sa,C! + . ~ 111 i' ( " '~ .J. b
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Table 1 Sampie Tissue TS fragment"
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a b Sac I / rep ._-_.-_ K J nl rep
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Haematology and Blood 'fiansfusion
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Osteopetrosis and osteosarcomas occ
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Lymphoma cellline Table 1. T and B
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Table 2. In vivo growth and oneogen
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Table 1. Transforming aetivity of c
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Table 3. Transformation aetivity of
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- Shoemaker C, Goff S, Gilboa E, Pa
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indieate a shifting of target eell
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Table 2. Expression of Jl and Sourc
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~ i ,..1---------,,':::::::::::::::
Page 485 and 486: fragment of pBR322 DNA, a 3.0-kbp S
Page 487 and 488: Mak TW (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci US
Page 489 and 490: Table 1. Transformation of 3T3 cell
Page 491 and 492: inserts in the genome of rapidly tr
Page 493 and 494: pulations, it seemed likely that th
Page 495 and 496: contains antigens which react with
Page 497 and 498: Haematology and Blood Transfusion V
Page 499 and 500: le of reacting in sensitive radioim
Page 503 and 504: gic approach. In: Hiatt HH, Watson
Page 505 and 506: 12 Eco R [ Fig. 1. Hybridization pa
Page 509 and 510: 10 - '1~ )( -~ S:! E A U I o 1 2
Page 511 and 512: Haematology and Blood 'fransfusion
Page 513 and 514: cultures. These cells did not conta
Page 515 and 516: indication of malignant T-cells in
Page 517 and 518: Fig. 3. Thin-section electron micro
Page 519 and 520: Table 3. Lack of detectable related
Page 521 and 522: J. HTLV Was Present in the Primary
Page 523 and 524: specific signals into nonspecific s
Page 525 and 526: Table 2. Distribution of HTLV-relat
Page 527 and 528: u 10 ~ 20 ~ :c 30 a 40 o Fig. 1. Ki
Page 531 and 532: SSV TrS-gp labeled effectively with
Page 535: 60 HFF/SSV cDNA CELL RNAs: 0 HF/SSV
Page 539 and 540: Haematology and Blood 'ftansfusion
Page 541 and 542: y competition RIA yielded virtually
Page 543 and 544: SiS'V' gp70: ANTIGEN, ANTI BODY, IM
Page 545 and 546: type-C virus p30 antigen in cells f
Page 547 and 548: c. Results The fractionated whole-b
Page 549 and 550: induced antibodies as well as exper
Page 551 and 552: - Fig. la-f. Retravirus particles p
Page 553 and 554: eplication of infecting murine leuk
Page 557 and 558: immunodeficiency, multic10nal lymph
Page 559 and 560: Bovine leukemia --, proteins of 499
Page 561 and 562: Human T- cell - -, characterization
Page 563 and 564: RNA -, of tumor virus 439 Rous sarc
Page 565 and 566: Haematology andBlood Transfusion Su
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