ADDITIONAL FACTS - Volvo

FH, FM 

ADDITIONAL FACTS 

Volvo Trucks Heavy Haulage And Increased Axle Load Recommendations 

2013-03-11 ENG Version 27 1 (32)

FH, FM 


Heavy Haulage And Increased Axle Load 

Recommendations 


Table Of Contents 

1 General Requirements 3 

2 Heavy Haulage Powertrain 4 

2.1 Performance Requirements For Heavy Haulage Applications 4 

2.2 I-Shift Software Package 5 

2.3 Rear axle load (RAL) 6 

2.4 High Gross Combination Weight (GCW), Rear axle 6 

2.5 High Gross Combination Weight (GCW), Driveline 7 

2.6 Transmission Cooler 10 

3 Legal / Certified Vehicle Limits 11 

3.1 Parking Brake 11 

3.2 Brakes 12 

3.3 Steering Capacity 13 

3.4 Fifth Wheel Type And Fifth Wheel Mounting 14 

3.5 Towing Member And Towing Coupling 15 

4 Increased Axle Loads 16 

4.1 Front Axle Suspension Capacities 16 

4.2 Rear Bogie Suspension Capacities 17 

4.3 Rear Suspension Drive Axle And Tag/Pusher Axle Capacities 18 

5 Frame Sections 19 

6 Airport Vehicles 20 

6.1 Introduction 20 

6.2 General Requirements 20 

6.3 High Gross Combination Weight 20 

6.4 Increased Axle Loading / Front Suspension 21 

6.5 Increased Axle Loading / Rear Suspension 23 

7 Unregistered Vehicles 30 

8 Appendix 31 

8.1 Graphical Display 31 

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1 General Requirements 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The component in any chapter with the lowest capacity is the limiting factor. 

Experienced drivers and transportation planners for heavy haulage applications. 

Good hard paving. (Smooth road conditions.) 

In general, engagement of front wheel drive on asphalt and concrete is not allowed. 

An exception from this is when risk for rear wheel slippages arises. 

Tyres having enough loading capacity. 

Metric tonnes used as default unit unless otherwise is stated. 

The truck must fulfil existing vehicle regulations as well as the trailer independent 

of each other. 

Short annual driving distances. Heavy Haulage 30.000 km/year. 

Remaining mileage up to max technical GCW of standard vehicle order. 

When normal axle loads are exceeded, levelling performance for air suspension vehicles 

will be decreased. 

A special approval must be given for each vehicle by a market or region responsible. 

Gearboxes with dry clutch (manual gearboxes and I-shift gearboxes) are not allowed for 

push/pull operations or in any pull operation with several haulers. 

Only single operation is allowed. 

NOTE! 

For some markets EC directives of brakes, speed limitation and steering forces are 

required. 

If there is a modification of axle arrangement e.g. additional axle installed, the body 

builder who installs this axle is FULLY responsible for all approvals of steering, brakes 

and load distribution. All Volvo certificates and approvals are automatically invalid. 

DOCUMENT UPDATES 

Vertical bold line in left margin indicates changes compared to earlier issue. 

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2 Heavy Haulage Powertrain 

2.1 Performance Requirements For Heavy Haulage Applications 

Theoretical performance (PERF) 

Road Topography 

A B 

(T-PFLAT) (T-FLAT) 

Startability Manual Gearboxes 

Lowest gear (CL, crawler low) = 10% 6% 

Lowest synchronised gear (1L) = 5% 3% 

Startability I-Shift Gearboxes 

Lowest (1 st ) gear = 10% 6% 

Gradeability 

Manual gearbox (1L) = 10% 6% 

Automatic gearbox PT2606 (lowest gear) = 10% 

Road Topography 

A: Predominantly FLAT roads (T-PFLAT). Starts never performed in slopes 5%. 

B: FLAT roads (T-FLAT). Starts never performed in slopes 3%. 

Warranty Conditions 

Clutch is excluded from warranty. 

One year warranty for remaining driveline components. 

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2.2 I-Shift Software Package 

When using the I-Shift gearbox for HH applications, the local market Sales Engineer is 

required to be involved in the sales process and decision about the choice of gearbox 

software. A special I-Shift software package, TP-HD (Heavy Duty), is available for heavy 

haulage applications. The TP-HD package selects the best starting gear depending on gross 

combination weight (GCW) and gear shifting is done at higher engine speed to increase 

torque and driving comfort. 

TP-HD software package 

TP-HD is always recommended as first selection for gross combination weights (GCW) 

above 60 tonnnes and must always be used for GCW above 100 tonnes. 

The gearbox software mode can be changed to/from the heavy haulage mode by 

pressing the E/P button on the shift selector for 3 seconds. The selected mode will be 

kept after turning off the engine. When not driving heavy haulage this mode can be deactivated 

for return to the economy program by once again pressing the E/P button. 

The gear shifting is thereby adjusted to the lower gross combination weights and optimal 

fuel economy and driving comfort are obtained. 

After engine restart the gearbox always selects 1 st gear as start gear when a trailer is 

connected. 

Software package/GCW 

S o f t w a r e 

P a c k a g e 

GCW TP-HD TP-FUEC TP-DICON TP-BAS 

100 tonnes X - - - 

1 The I-Shift software package TP-FUEC and TP-DICON can also be used for a vehicle 

that occasionally operates at loads above 85 tonnes. In these cases below must always 

be considered. 

• Must always operate in manual mode. 

• 1 st gear must always be used as starting gear. 

NOTE! 

Existing software package can be up- or downgraded without any hardware changes. 

No up or downgrades between existing and previous gearbox versions. 

It is possible to return to the economy program when not driving heavy haulage, thereby 

maintaining a good fuel economy. 

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2.3 Rear axle load (RAL) 

If the requirements in chapters 1 and 2.1 are fulfilled, the table below will give the maximum 

technical permitted Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for D13 and D16 engines. 

Rear Axle 

RAL 

0-62 km/h 

RSS1344C 15 

RS1356SV 15 

RSS1360 15 

RS1365HV 15 

RS1370HV 15 

RTS2370A/B 27 

RT2610HV 30 

RTH2610B 30 

RT3210HV 36 

RTH3312 38 

2.4 High Gross Combination Weight (GCW), Rear axle 

If the requirements in chapters 1 and 2.1 are fulfilled, the table below will give the maximum 

technical permitted Gross Combination Weight (GCW in tonnes) regarding the rear axle for 

D13 and D16 engines. 

Rear Axle Ratio GCW 

RS1356SV All 65 

RSS1360 All 80 

RS1370HV All 80 

RTS2370A/B 3.09, 3.40, 3.78, 4.13 90 

RT2610HV All 200 

RT3210HV All 200 

RTH3312 All 200 

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2.5 High Gross Combination Weight (GCW), Driveline 

If the requirements in chapters 1 and 2.1 are fulfilled, the tables below will give the maximum 

technical permitted Gross Combination Weight (GCW, tonnes) regarding the driveline for D13 

and D16 engines. 

NOTE! For D13 engines the GCW value is valid for both road topography A and road 

topography B. Higher GCW can be permitted by selecting a D16 engine with road 

topography B (see last table). 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13A520, 

VTO2514B 

D13A480, 

VTO2514B 

D13A440, 

VTO2514B 

D13A400, 

VTO2214B 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 90 85 80 80 

3.46 95 95 85 80 

3.61 105 100 90 85 

3.76 110 105 95 90 

3.97 120 115 100 100 

4.12 130 120 110 105 

4.55 150 140 130 125 

5.41 180 175 165 155 

7.21 200 200 200 200 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13A520, 

VT2514B / 

AT2612D 

D13A480, 

VT2514B / 

AT2612D 

D13A440, 

VT2514B / 

AT2612D 

D13A400, 

VT2214B / 

AT2612D 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 125 125 110 105 

3.46 130 130 120 115 

3.61 140 140 130 120 

3.76 150 150 135 130 

3.97 160 160 140 135 

4.12 170 170 155 145 

4.55 180 180 170 160 

5.41 195 190 185 180 

7.21 200 200 200 200 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13A520, 

PT2606 * 

D13A480, 

PT2606 * 

D13A440, 

PT2606 

D13A400, 

PT2606 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 115 110 90 80 

3.46 120 115 95 85 

3.61 125 120 100 90 

3.76 130 125 105 95 

3.97 140 130 110 100 

4.12 145 135 115 105 

4.55 160 150 125 115 

5.41 190 180 150 140 

7.21 200 200 200 185 

* With extra oil to air cooler (RTO). 

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Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13A520, 

PT2606 

D13A480, 

PT2606 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 100 95 

3.46 105 100 

3.61 110 105 

3.76 115 110 

3.97 120 115 

4.12 125 120 

4.55 140 130 

5.41 165 155 

7.21 200 200 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13C540, 

VTO2814B 

D13C500, 

VTO2514B 

D13C460, 

VTO2514B 

D13C420, 

VTO2514B 

D13C380, 

VTO2214B 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 90 90 85 80 70 

3.46 95 95 95 85 75 

3.61 100 100 100 90 80 

3.76 105 105 105 95 85 

3.97 115 115 115 105 95 

4.12 125 125 120 110 100 

4.55 145 145 140 130 120 

5.41 180 180 175 165 150 

7.21 200 200 200 200 200 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13C540, 

VT2814B / 

AT2612D 

D13C500, 

VT2514B / 

AT2612D 

D13C460, 

VT2514B / 

AT2612D 

D13C420, 

VT2514B / 

AT2612D 

D13C380, 

VT2214B / 

AT2612D 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 125 125 120 110 100 

3.46 130 130 130 120 110 

3.61 140 140 135 125 115 

3.76 150 150 145 135 120 

3.97 160 160 155 145 130 

4.12 170 170 165 155 140 

4.55 190 190 185 175 160 

5.41 200 200 200 200 190 

7.21 200 200 200 200 200 

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Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13C540, 

PT2606 * 

D13C500, 

PT2606 * 

D13C460, 

PT2606 

D13C420, 

PT2606 

D13C380, 

PT2606 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 120 115 95 90 80 

3.46 125 120 100 95 85 

3.61 130 125 105 95 90 

3.76 135 130 110 100 95 

3.97 140 135 115 105 100 

4.12 150 140 120 110 100 

4.55 165 155 130 120 110 

5.41 195 185 155 145 135 

7.21 200 200 200 190 180 

* With an extra oil to air cooler (RTO) 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D13C540, 

PT2606 

D13C500 

PT2606 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 105 100 

3.46 110 105 

3.61 115 110 

3.76 120 115 

3.97 125 120 

4.12 130 125 

4.55 140 135 

5.41 170 165 

7.21 200 200 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D16G750, 

ATO3512D & 

D16G700 / 

D16E660, 

ATO3112D 

D16G600 / 

D16E580, 

VTO2814B / 

ATO3112D 

D16G540, 

VTO2814B / 

ATO3112D 

D16C610, 

VTO2814B 

D16C550, 

VTO2814B 

Road 

Topography 

A / B 

Road 

Topography 

A / B 

Road 

Topography 

A / B 

Road 

Topography 

A / B 

Road 

Topography 

A / B 

RT2610HV / 

RT3210HV / 

RTH3312 

3.33 105 / 145 100 / 125 90 / 110 95 / 110 95 / 110 

3.46 110 / 150 105 / 130 100 / 120 100 / 120 100 / 120 

3.61 120 / 160 110 / 130 105 / 125 110 / 130 110 / 130 

3.76 130 / 170 120 /145 110 /140 120 / 140 120 / 140 

3.97 135 / 175 125 / 155 120 / 150 125 / 150 125 / 150 

4.12 140 / 180 135 /165 130 /160 135 / 160 135 / 160 

4.55 150 / 200 150 /190 145 /185 150 / 185 150 /185 

5.41 185 / 200 185 / 200 180 /200 185 / 200 185 / 200 

7.21 200 / 200 200/ 200 200 /200 200 / 200 200 / 200 

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2.6 Transmission Cooler 

Manual Gearboxes 

Engine 

Without Retarder 

Transmission cooler 

With Retarder (RET-TH) 

D16 TC-MAOH2 Not allowed 

D13 TC-MAOH2 Not allowed 

I-Shift Gearboxes 

Engine 

Without Retarder 

Transmission cooler 

With Retarder (RET-TH) 

D16 TC-MAOH2 TC-MAOH2 

D13 TC-MAOH2 TC-MAOH2 

Powertronic Gearbox With Retarder (RET-TPT) 

Engine 

Transmission Cooler 

D13 TC-HWO * 

* Extra oil to air cooler is recommended (RTO). 

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3 Legal / Certified Vehicle Limits 

3.1 Parking Brake 

EC regulations state that engaged parking brake should hold the Gross Combination Weight 

(GCW, tonnes) in a 12% slope. Maximum GCW in tables below fulfils this requirement. 

NOTE! If the body-builder does any kind of modification of the Volvo parking brake system, 

the body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of the parking brake system. 

A heavy haulage truck requires a 2 cylinder compressor, Wabco type 704 or 636, 

(sales variants 2COM1080 or 2COMP900). 

Execution No. Of Braking Axles GCW ** 

4x2, Drum brake 1 / 2 * 50 / 70 

4x2, Disc brake 2 * 70 

4x4, Drum brake 2 50 


6x2, Disc brake 2 65 

6x4, Drum brake 2 / 3 * 70 / 120 * 

6x4, RADD-A8/RADD-BR, Disc brake 2 / 3 * 70 / 120 * 

6x4, RADD-TR1/-TR2, Disc brake 3 * 110 * 

6x6, Drum brake 2 / 3 * 70 / 120 * 


8x2, Disc brake 2 65 

8x4, Drum brake 2 / 3 * 70 / 120 * 

8x4, RADD-A8/RADD-BR, Disc brake 2 / 3 * 70 / 120 * 

8x4, RADD-TR1/-TR2, Disc brake 3 * 110 * 

8x4, RADDT12, Disc brake 2 / 3 * 70 / 170 * 

8x6, Drum brake *** 2 / 3 * 70 / 120 * 

* AUXPARK mounted. 

** Trailer without parking brakes. 

GCW > 120 tonnes requires that trailer parking brakes can be applied from the truck. 

*** According to PCA00017. 

NOTE! Local approval for parking brake and heavy haulage may be required. 

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3.2 Brakes 

Below table shows designed braking capacity (maximum Gross Vehicle Weight, tonnes) for 

trucks with approved available EC certificates. 

NOTE! If the Body-builder does any kind of modification of the Volvo brake system, 

the body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of the brake system. 

Certified Vehicle Type 

GVW 

4x2, TRACTOR / RIGID (FAL7.1-9.0, RAL11.5-13) 20 

4x4, TRACTOR / RIGID (FAL8.0 / FAL9.0, RAL13) 20,5 

6x2, TRACTOR / RIGID, RAPD-A6 (FAL8.0, RAL19) 27 

6x2, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADT-A8 (FAL9.0, RAL20.5) 29,5 

6x2, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADT-AR (FAL9.0) 28 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-A8 (RAL18) 25 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-A8 (FAL9.0, RAL21) 30 



6x4, TRACTOR, RADD-BR (FAL9.0, RAL19, BRAKE-ZV) 27,6 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-BR (FAL9.0, RAL19, BRAKE-DV) 28 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-BR (FAL9.0, RAL21, BRAKE-ZV) 29,6 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-BR (FAL9.0, RAL21, BRAKE-DV) 30 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-TR1 (FAL9.0, RAL23, BRAKE-ZV) 31,6 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-TR1 (FAL9.0, RAL23, BRAKE-DV) 32 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-TR1/-TR2 (FAL9.0, RAL26, BRAKE-ZV) 34,6 

6x4, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-TR1/-TR2 (FAL9.0, RAL26, BRAKE-DV) 35 

6x6, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-BR (FAL8.0, RAL21) 27 

6x6, TRACTOR / RIGID, RADD-T R2 (FAL8.0 / FAL9.0, RAL26) 34 

8x2, RIGID, RADT-AR (FAL16.0, RAL21) 33 

8x2, RIGID, RADT-A8 (FAL18.0, RAL19) 37 

8x2, RIGID, RADT-A8 (FAL16.0 / FAL18.0, RAL20.5) 38,5 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-A8 (FAL18.0, RAL21) 39 



8x4, RIGID, RADD-BR (FAL16.0 / FAL18.0, RAL21, BRAKE-ZV) 37 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-BR (FAL18.0, RAL21, BRAKE-DV) 39 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-TR1 (FAL16.0 / FAL18.0, RAL23, BRAKE-ZV) 39 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-TR1 (FAL18.0, RAL23, BRAKE-DV) 41 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-TR1/-TR2 (FAL16.0, RAL26) 42 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-TR1/-TR2 (FAL17.4 / FAL18.0, RAL26, BRAKE-ZV) 41 

8x4, RIGID, RADD-TR1/-TR2 (FAL18.0, RAL26, BRAKE-DV) 44 

8x4, RIGID, RADDT12 (FAL8.0 / FAL9.0, RAL24/27) 32 

8x4, RIGID, RADDT12 (FAL9.0, RAL33.5) 42,5 

NOTE! 

For higher demands on rear axle loads or GVW it is possible to obtain (on VEI -Volvo 

Engineering Inquiries - request only) a technical brake retardation check against the 5m/s 2 

retardation limit (Volvo requirement) and this for a given chassis no. or FO no. only. 

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3.3 Steering Capacity 

Below table shows maximum Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW, tonnes) per axle comb. (tonnes). 

There can be combinations with lower values. Verify that there is a valid certificate for your 

vehicle combination. 

NOTE! If the body-builder does any kind of modification of the Volvo steering system, the 

body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of steering system. 

At least 20% of the GVW must be applied onto the truck steering axle. 

Designed steering capacity (certified). 

Axle 

Arr. 

Front Axle Load 

(FAL) 

Front 

Susp. 

Rear Axle Load 

(RAL) 

Rear Axle Installation 

GVW 

4x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 7.5 / 8.0 / 9.0 Air / Leaf 13 RAD-L90 / RAD-A4 20 

4x4 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 13 RAD-L90 20.5 

6x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 19 / 21 RADT-AR 28 

6x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 7.5 / 8.0 / 9.0 Air / Leaf 18 / 18.5 / 19 / 21 

RADT-A8 

(fixed or self steered) 

30 

6x2 7.1 / 8.0 Air / Leaf 18 / 19 

RAPD-A6 

(fixed or hydr. steered) 

27 

6x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 Air / Leaf 18 / 19 RADT-A8 (hydr. steered) 27 

6x4 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 19/ 21 / 23 / 26 / 32 

RADD-BR / 

RADD-TR1 / RADD-TR2 

35 

6x4 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 / 9.0 Air/Leaf 21 / 23 / 26 RADD-A8 35 

6x6 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 21 / 26 

RADD-BR / 


34 

8x2 16.0 / 18.0 Leaf 18 / 19 / 21 RADT-A8 / RADT-AR 42 

8x4 13.0 / 16.0 / 17.4 / 18.0 Leaf 21 /23 / 26 

RADD-A8 / RADD-BR / 


44 

8x4 9.0 Air / Leaf 24 / 27 / 28 / 30.5 / 33.5 RADDT12 (Tridem) 42.5 

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3.4 Fifth Wheel Type And Fifth Wheel Mounting 

Below tables show certified limits per fifth wheel type and fifth wheel mounting. 

Max. imposed load values in tonnes, D-values in kN. 

Fifth Wheel Type Max. Imposed Load D-value 

5WT-JO 20 152 

5WT-JOM 20 152 

5WT-JOHD 28/36* 170/260* 

5WT-JOP 18/20** 135/152** 

5WT-JOS 20 152 

5WT-SH 20 152 

5WT-SH3 20 152 

5WT-SH2 23/36* 162/260* 

5WT-FOP 20 150 

5WT-FOS 20 150 

* 50/90 mm king pin ** LPRO/ISO installation 

Fifth Wheel Mounting Max Imposed Load D-value 

5WM-LPRO 20 152 

5WM-ISOL 20 152 

5WM-ISOM 20 152 

5WM-ISOH 20 152 

5WM-ISHD 36 269 

5WM-MASL 20 150 

5WM-MASM 20 150 

5WM-ASL 20 152 

5WM-ASM 20 152 

5WM-DH 15 110 

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3.5 Towing Member And Towing Coupling 

Below tables show certified limits per towing member and towing coupling. 

D, Dc and V values in kN. 

Towing Member D Dc V 

TOWMBRM 190 141 63 

TOWMBRH 190 141 63 

TOWMBRL1 190 141 63 

TOWMBRL2 190 141 63 

TOWMBRL3 147 128 67 

Towing Coupling D Dc V Comment 

C-VBG750 190 120 50 

C-VBG850 190 - - Not allowed with centre axle trailer 

C-RO400G 130 90 35 

C-RO50 285 140 90 

C-RI5055 200 135 75 

C-RI4040 137 92 40 

C-RI4045 137 - - Not allowed with centre axle trailer 

PCA90067 290 145 95 VBG 795V PA (release/lock funct.) 

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4 Increased Axle Loads 

If the truck speed is lowered there is a potential of increased axle loads (tonnes) for some 

variants. 

NOTE! If the body-builder does any kind of modification of the Volvo axle arrangements, 

the body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of the vehicle. 

4.1 Front Axle Suspension Capacities 

Front Axle 

Arrangement 

Front Suspension 

– 90 * 

km/h 

Front Axle Load 

0 – 62 ** 

km/h 

0 – 45 

km/h 

FST-AIR, FAL8.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 

FST-AIR, FAL9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 

FST-PAR, FAL7.1 7.1 8.0 8.0 

One (1) nondriven 

axle 

FST-PAR, FAL7.5 7.5 9.0 9.0 

FST-PAR, FAL8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 

FST-PAR3, FAL8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 

FST-PAR, FAL8.5 9.0 10.0 10.0 

FST-PAR, FAL9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 

Two (2) nondriven 

axles 

One (1) driven 

front axle 

FST-PAR, FAL16.0 16.0 18.0 18.0 

FST-PAR, FAL17.4 17.4 18.0 18.0 

FST-PAR, FAL18.0 18.0 19.0 *** 19.0 *** 

FST-PAR, FAL8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 

FST-PAR, FAL9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 

* Std vehicle. 

** Highway or equivalent, smooth road conditions only. 

*** 19 tonnes only with inner liner FIL-EEEB or FIL-EEEF. 

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4.2 Rear Bogie Suspension Capacities 

Rear Suspension 

0-90 * 

km/h 

Rear Axle Load 

0-62 ** 

km/h 

0-45 

km/h 

Comment 

RAD-L90, RST-PAR5 13 15 15 

RAD-A4 13 15 15 

RADT-AR 

19 22 22 RAL19, TRAL-RF (axle distr. 52/48) 

19 22 22 RAL19, TRAL-STD (axle distr. 56/44) 

21 24 24 RAL21, TRAL-RF (axle distr. 52/48) 

21 24 24 RAL21, TRAL-STD (axle distr. 56/44) 

RAPD-A6 19 20.3 20.3 

RADT-A8, TAD-HD, TRAL75 21 23 23 (Axle distr. 61/39) 

RADT-A8, TAD-HD, TRAL85 21 24.5 24.5 WTT-DUAL (axle distr. 55/45) 

RADT-A8, TAD-HD, TRAL95 19 22 22 WTT-DUAL (axle distr. 50/50) 

64T, RADD-A8 *** 26 30 30 *** 

64R/8x4, RADD-A8 **** 26 30 30 **** 

RADDT12, RAL24 24 28.8 28.8 (Axle distr. 34/34/31) 

RADDT12, RAL27 27 32.4 32.4 (Axle distr. 36/36/28) 

RADDT12, RAL28.5 **** 28.5 34.2 34.2 (Axle distr. 37/37/26). **** 



RADT-BR 21 21 21 (Axle distr. 55/45) 

RADD-BR, RAL21 21 24 24 

RADD-TR1 / RADD-TR2, RAL26 26 32 32 

RADD-TR2, RAL32 32 36 36 



*** For vehicles with GCW greater than 100 tonnes, PCA60021 must be specified on the order. 

(For TSSC/VTC only: Make sure that PCA60021 is on the order when GCW is greater than 100 tonnes. 

PCA60021 modifications according to Technical Regulation TR 21584572.) 

**** For vehicles with GCW greater than 100 tonnes, TSSC / VTC must be consulted. 

(For TSSC/VTC only: Modifications according to Technical Regulation TR 21584572 is required. 

PCA60021 (only valid for 64T) can be used as a reference.) 

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4.3 Rear Suspension Drive Axle And Tag/Pusher Axle Capacities 

Rear Suspension 

0-90 * km/h 0-62 ** km/h 0-45 km/h Comment 

TRAL DRAL1 TRAL DRAL1 TRAL 

PAL DRAL2 PAL DRAL2 PAL 

DRAL1 

DRAL2 

Capacity of each axel 

(see definitions below) 

RAD-L90, RST-PAR5 13 - 15 - 15 - 

RAD-A4 13 - 15 - 15 - 

RADT-AR 

9.88 9.12 11.44 10.56 11.44 10.56 

10.64 8.36 12.32 9.68 12.32 9.68 

10.92 10.08 12.48 11.52 12.48 11.52 

11.76 9.24 13.44 10.56 13.44 10.56 

RAL19, TRAL-RF 

(axle distr. 52/48) 

RAL19, TRAL-STD 


RAL21, TRAL-RF 


RAL21, TRAL-STD 


RAPD-A6 11.5 7.5 12.3 8.0 12.3 8.0 

RADT-A8, TAD-HD, TRAL75 12.78 8.21 14 9 14 9 (axle distr. 61/39) 

WTT-DUAL 

RADT-A8, TAD-HD, TRAL85 11.5 9.5 13.5 11 13.5 11 


WTT-DUAL 

RADT-A8, TAD-HD, TRAL95 9.5 9.5 11 11 11 11 


64T, RADD-A8 *** 13 - 15 - 15 - *** 

64R/8x4, RADD-A8 **** ¤ 13 - 15 15 - **** 

RADDT12, RAL24 8.25 7.5 9.9 9 9.9 9 (Axle distr. 34/34/31) 

RADDT12, RAL27 9.75 7.5 11.7 9 11.7 9 (Axle distr. 36/36/28) 

RADDT12, RAL28.5 **** 10.5 7.5 12.6 9 12.6 9 (Axle distr. 37/37/26) **** 

RADDT12, RAL30.5 **** 11.5 7.5 13.8 9 13.8 9 (Axle distr. 38/38/25) **** 

RADDT12, RAL33.5 **** 13 7.5 15 8.6 15 8.6 (Axle distr. 39/39/22) **** 

RADT-BR 11.5 9.5 11.5 9.5 11.5 9.5 (Axle distr. 55/45) 

RADD-BR, RAL21 10.5 - 12 - 12 - 

RADD-TR1 / RADD-TR2, RAL26 13 - 16 - 16 - 

RADD-TR2, RAL32 16 - 18 - 18 - 

Definitions: DRAL1 = DRive Axle Load on first drive axle DRAL2 = DRive Axle Load on second drive axle 

TRAL = TRailing Axle Load PAL = Pusher Axle Load 



*** For vehicles with GCW greater than 100 tonnes, PCA60021 must be specified on the order. 

(For TSSC/VTC only: Make sure that PCA60021 is on the order when GCW is greater than 100 tonnes. 

PCA60021 modifications according to Technical Regulation TR 21584572.) 

**** For vehicles with GCW greater than 100 tonnes, TSSC / VTC must be consulted. 

(For TSSC/VTC only: Modifications according to Technical Regulation TR 21584572 is required. 

PCA60021 (only valid for 64T) can be used as a reference.) 

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5 Frame Sections 

Higher axle loading or vehicle loading can require frame reinforcing. 

At least FRAME88, FRAMEHIG and full inner liner (end of engine to end of frame, FIL-EEEF) 

can be required. 

A strength check shall be performed (via VEI - Volvo Engineering Inquiries - request). 

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6 Airport Vehicles 

6.1 Introduction 

This recommendation DOES NOT cover emergency vehicles such as fire fighting vehicles. 

At airports special conditions prevail, e.g. very good paving and flat surfaces, fenced in areas, 

etc. Under these circumstances extra high axle loads may be used. 

Using these extra high axle loads, standard suspensions sometimes need customisation. 

6.2 General Requirements 

FH/FM 

At least FRAME88 on 4x2. 

At least FRAME88, FRAMEHIG and full inner liner (end of engine to end of frame) 

on 6x2, 8x2, 6x4, 8x4 (in some cases via RTO). 

Flat and good paving. 

No driving on common roads. 

The operator is responsible for tyres having enough loading capacity. 

Preventing declination on leaf suspended vehicles, arbitrarily numbers of spacers can be 

used. Note that the bump stop must be moved downwards accordingly. 

Ref. 4x2 vehicles use spacer part no. 10 76 637. 

Brake analysis required for concerned speeds. 

A special approval must be given for each vehicle by a market or region responsible. 

6.3 High Gross Combination Weight 

Depending on engine power, transmission and rear axle load, the maximum Gross 

Combination Weight (GCW, tonnes) may not be possible to obtain. For correct performance 

use the PERF calculation system in combination with attached recommendations. 

Rear Axle 

Type 

Ratio 

D11C450 

PT2106 

D11C410 

PT2106 

D11C370 

PT2106 

D11C330 

PT2106 

RT3210HV 

3.33 120 110 105 95 

3.47 125 115 110 100 

3.61 130 120 115 105 

3.76 135 125 120 110 

3.97 140 130 125 115 

4.12 150 135 130 120 

4.55 170 150 140 130 

5.41 200 180 170 155 

7.21 200 200 200 200 

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6.4 Increased Axle Loading / Front Suspension 

FH/FM, 4x2/4x4 front leaf suspension with adaptation 1 

Front Axle Load (FAL, tonnes) for a 4x2/4x4 front leaf suspended vehicle. 

Speed (km/h) FAL 

0 - 6 12.0 

7 - 15 9.0 

16 - 30 9.0 

31 - 45 9.0 

46 - 60 8.0 

61 - 75 8.0 

76 - 90 8.0 

Adaptation 

FST-PAR, FAL8.0 required 

FH/FM, 4x2/4x4 front leaf suspension with adaptation 2 

Front Axle Load (FAL, tonnes) for a 4x2/4x4 front leaf suspended vehicle. 

Speed (km/h) FAL 

0 - 6 13.0 

7 - 15 11.0 

16 - 30 11.0 

31 - 45 10.5 

46 - 60 10.5 

61 - 75 9.0 

76 - 90 9.0 

Adaptation 

FST-PAR, FAL9.0 required 

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6.5 Increased Axle Loading / Rear Suspension 

FH/FM, 4x2/4x4, RAD-L90 with adaptation 1 

Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for a 4x2/4x4 rear leaf suspended vehicle (RAD-L90) is shown 

in table below: 

Speed (km/h) 

RAL 

0 - 6 16.5 

7 - 15 16 

16 - 30 16 

31 - 45 16 

46 - 60 13 

61 - 75 13 

76 - 90 13 

Adaptation 

Rear spring 

- Part no. 257845 for 4x2. To be ordered via the RTO routine. 

- Part no. 257880 for 4x4. 

Rear axle - RSS1344C, RS1356SV, RSS1360, RS1370HV for 4x2. 

- RS1365HV for 4x4. 

Bump stop 

- Part no. 3943388 mounted to the chassis frame flange with a 

5 mm spacer between. 

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FH/FM, 4x2/4x4, RAD-L90 with adaptation 2 

Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for a 4x2/4x4 rear leaf suspended vehicle (RAD-L90) is shown 


Speed (km/h) 

RAL 

0 - 6 20 

7 - 15 20 

16 - 30 20 

31 - 45 16 

46 - 60 15 

61 - 75 15 

76 - 90 15 

Adaptation 

Rear spring 

- Part no. 257845 for 4x2. To be ordered via the RTO routine. 

- Part no. 257880 for 4x4. 

Rear axle - RSS1344C, RS1356SV, RSS1360, RS1370HV for 4x2. 

- RS1365HV for 4x4. 

Bump stop 

- Part no. 3943388 mounted to the flange of the chassis frame 

with a 5 mm spacer between. 

- No adjustment of bump rubber spring on 4x4 is required. 

Hollow rubber spring - Two extra springs, part no. 1506399 mounted at each side, 

i.e. a total of 4 springs per truck. They should be respectively 

mounted 250 mm from the leaf spring clamp (centre) bolt. 

- The rubber springs to be mounted just to touch the leaf 

spring when rear axle load is 15 tonnes. 

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FH/FM, 4x2, RAD-A4 no adaptation 

Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for a 4x2 rear air suspended vehicle (RAD-A4) is shown in 

table below: 

Speed (km/h) 

RAL 

Rear axle NOT leaning on 

bump stop 

RAL 

Rear axle leaning on bump 

stop 

0 - 6 15 16.5 

7 - 15 15 15 

16 - 30 15 15 

31 - 45 15 Not allowed 




Adaptation 

None 

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FH/FM, 4x2, RAD-A4 with adaptation 1 


table below: 

Speed (km/h) 

RAL 


bump stop 

RAL 


stop 

0 - 6 15 20 

7 - 15 15 18 

16 - 30 15 18 





Adaptation 

Frame 

Bump stops 

- Calculations to be performed by Volvo for each specific truck. 

- FRAME88 and FRAMEHIG. 

Replace with part no 21400594 (installed in the same frame 

holes as the original bump stops). 

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FH/FM, 4x2, RAD-A4 with adaptation 2 


table below: 

Speed (km/h) 

RAL 


bump stop 

RAL 


stop 

0 - 6 20 20 

7 - 15 20 18 

16 - 30 20 18 





Adaptation 

Frame 

Rear suspension 

Bump stops 

ECS 



- Parts for RALIM20 (RSAP1) to be used: 

Air spring members, stabilizer bar stays and air springs 

(normally only used on RADT-A8). 

(CHH-STD = RRH-240 and CHH-MED/-LOW = RRH-160.) 

Replace with part no 21400594 (installed in the same frame 

holes as the original bump stops). 

- Parameters according to RALIM20 

(RSAP1, Rear Suspension APplication for RALIM20). 

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FH/FM, 6x2, RADT-A8, TAD-HD with adaptation 

Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for a 6x2 rear air suspended steered tag axle vehicle is shown 


Speed (km/h) 

RAL 


bump stop 

RAL 


stop 

0 - 6 23 28 

7 - 15 23 26 

16 - 30 23 26 





Adaptation 

TRAL75 required 

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FH/FM, 6x4, RADD-A8 no adaptation 

Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for a 6x4 rear air suspended vehicle (RADD-A8) is shown in 

table below: 

Speed (km/h) 

RAL 


bump stop 

RAL 


stop 

0 - 6 30 33 

7 - 15 30 30 

16 - 30 30 30 





Adaptation 

None 

FH/FM, 6x4, RADD-A8 with adaptation 

Rear Axle Load (RAL, tonnes) for a 6x4 rear air suspended vehicle (RADD-A8) is shown in 

table below: 

Speed (km/h) 

RAL 


bump stop 

RAL 


stop 

0 - 6 33 33 

7 - 15 33 30 

16 - 30 33 30 





Adaptation 

Frame 

Rear suspension 

ECS 



- Parts for RALIM20 (RSAP1) to be used: 

Air spring members, stabilizer bar stays and air springs 

(normally only used on RADT-A8). 

(CHH-STD = RRH-240 and CHH-MED/-LOW = RRH-160.) 

- Parameters according to RALIM20 

(RSAP1, Rear Suspension APplication for RALIM20). 

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7 Unregistered Vehicles 

Requirements of this type of vehicles are identical to vehicles presented in 

this brochure, chapters 2-5. 

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8 Appendix 

8.1 Graphical Display 

Please find below a graphical display of the tables presented in chapter 

2.5. High Gross Combination Weight (GCW), Driveline 

For exact choice of gearbox please refer to the tables. 

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8.1 Graphical Display 

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ADDITIONAL FACTS - Volvo

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