Heavy Haulage and Increased Axle Load Recommendations - Volvo
Heavy Haulage and Increased Axle Load Recommendations - Volvo
Heavy Haulage and Increased Axle Load Recommendations - Volvo
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<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
1. Performance requirements for heavy haulage applications<br />
Theoretical performance<br />
• Startability on lowest gear (CL, crawler low) = 10%<br />
• Startability on lowest synchronised gear (1L) = 5%<br />
• Gradeability on lowest synchronised gear (1L) = 10%<br />
Practical application<br />
• Hills < 5% slope.<br />
• Experienced heavy haulage driver.<br />
• Good asphalt paving.<br />
• Tyres having enough loading capacity.<br />
• Metric tonnes used as default unit if not otherwise is stated.<br />
• The truck must fulfil existing vehicle regulations as well as the trailer independent<br />
of each other.<br />
• Short annual driving distances.<br />
NOTE!<br />
For some markets EC directives of brakes, speed limitation <strong>and</strong> steering forces are<br />
required.<br />
If there is a modification of axle arrangement e.g. additional axle installed, the bodybuilder<br />
who install this axle is FULLY responsible for all approval of steering, brakes<br />
<strong>and</strong> load distribution. All <strong>Volvo</strong> certificates <strong>and</strong> approvals are automatically invalid.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 1 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
2. High Gross Combination Weight (GCW)<br />
If the requirements in chapter 1 are fulfilled, the tables below will give the maximum technical<br />
permitted Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (RAL) in combination with the maximum permitted<br />
Gross Combination Weight (GCW).<br />
(See next page for more detailed info).<br />
Rear axle<br />
RAL<br />
(tonnes)<br />
0-45<br />
km/h<br />
RAL<br />
(tonnes)<br />
46-60<br />
km/h<br />
RAL<br />
(tonnes)<br />
61-75<br />
km/h<br />
RAL<br />
(tonnes)<br />
76-90<br />
km/h<br />
GCW<br />
(tonnes)<br />
RSS1344B 15 13 13 13 44<br />
RS1352HV 15 13 13 13 52<br />
RS1356SV 15 13 13 13 56<br />
RS1365HV 15 13 13 13 65<br />
RS1370HV 15 13 13 13 70<br />
RT2610HV 30 26 26 26<br />
RTS2370A 27 23 23 23 70<br />
RT3210HV 36 32 32 32<br />
Comment<br />
Max. GCW = 80<br />
if v
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
If the requirements in chapter 1 are fulfilled, the tables below will give the maximum technical<br />
permitted Gross Combination Weight (GCW in tonnes) regarding the driveline.<br />
Gearbox cooler with highest possible performance is always recommended.<br />
R e a r<br />
a x l e<br />
type load *<br />
Ratio<br />
D12D500,<br />
VO2514<br />
D12D460,<br />
VO2514B<br />
D12D420,<br />
VO2214<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
30<br />
26<br />
32<br />
3.61 100 85 80<br />
3.76 110 90 85<br />
4.12 125 100 95<br />
4.55 145 120 115<br />
5.41 165 155 145<br />
3.61 100 85 80<br />
3.76 110 90 85<br />
4.12 125 100 95<br />
4.55 140 120 115<br />
5.41 140 140 140<br />
3.61 100 85 80<br />
3.76 110 90 85<br />
4.12 125 100 95<br />
4.55 145 120 115<br />
5.41 175 155 145<br />
R e a r a x l e<br />
type load *<br />
Ratio<br />
D12D500,<br />
V2514<br />
D12D460,<br />
V2514<br />
D12D420,<br />
V2214<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max 45 km/h)<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
30<br />
26<br />
32<br />
36<br />
3.61 140 115 110<br />
3.76 145 125 120<br />
4.12 165 145 135<br />
4.55 165 165 150<br />
5.41 165 165 165<br />
3.61 140 115 110<br />
3.76 140 125 120<br />
4.12 140 140 135<br />
4.55 140 140 140<br />
5.41 140 140 140<br />
3.61 140 115 110<br />
3.76 145 125 120<br />
4.12 165 145 135<br />
4.55 175 165 150<br />
5.41 175 175 175<br />
3.61 140 115 110<br />
3.76 150 125 120<br />
4.12 165 145 135<br />
4.55 185 165 155<br />
5.41 195 195 185<br />
* Tonnes<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 3 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
If the requirements in chapter 1 are fulfilled, the tables below will give the maximum technical<br />
permitted Gross Combination Weight (GCW in tonnes) regarding the driveline.<br />
Gearbox cooler with highest possible performance is always recommended.<br />
With retarder RET-TPT extra oil to air cooler is recommended (RTO).<br />
R e a r<br />
a x l e<br />
type load *<br />
Ratio<br />
D12D420,<br />
V2206PT<br />
D12D460,<br />
V2206PT<br />
D12D460,<br />
V2206PT **<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
30<br />
26<br />
32<br />
3.61 70 75 90<br />
3.76 80 85 95<br />
4.12 85 90 105<br />
4.55 90 95 115<br />
5.41 110 115 135<br />
3.61 70 75 90<br />
3.76 80 85 95<br />
4.12 85 90 105<br />
4.55 90 95 115<br />
5.41 110 115 135<br />
3.61 70 75 90<br />
3.76 80 85 95<br />
4.12 85 90 105<br />
4.55 90 95 115<br />
5.41 110 115 135<br />
R e a r a x l e<br />
type load *<br />
Ratio<br />
D16C610,<br />
VO2814<br />
D16C550,<br />
VO2814<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT2610HV<br />
(max 45 km/h)<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
30<br />
26<br />
32<br />
36<br />
3.61 110 110<br />
3.76 120 120<br />
4.12 135 135<br />
4.55 150 150<br />
5.41 175 175<br />
3.61 110 110<br />
3.76 120 120<br />
4.12 135 135<br />
4.55 150 150<br />
5.41 165 165<br />
3.61 110 110<br />
3.76 120 120<br />
4.12 135 135<br />
4.55 150 150<br />
5.41 185 185<br />
3.61 110 110<br />
3.76 120 120<br />
4.12 135 135<br />
4.55 150 150<br />
5.41 185 185<br />
* Tonnes<br />
** With extra oil to air cooler (RTO).<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 4 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Transmission Cooler for gearboxes V2814 / VO2814<br />
See transmission oil cooler recommendations for guidance.<br />
Parking Brake<br />
EC regulations state that engaged parking brake should hold the Gross Combination Weight<br />
(GCW) in a 12% slope. Maximum GCW in tables below fulfils this requirement.<br />
NOTE! If the body-builder do any kind of modification of the <strong>Volvo</strong> parking brake system, the<br />
body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of the parking brake system.<br />
A heavy haulage truck requires a 2 cylinder compressor (sales variant 2COM1080).<br />
Execution No. of braking axles GCW (tonnes) **<br />
4x2, Drum brake<br />
1 50<br />
2 * 70<br />
4x2, Disc brake 2 70<br />
4x4, Drum brake<br />
6x2/6x4, Drum brake<br />
6x2/6x4, Disc brake<br />
6x6, Drum brake<br />
8x2/8x4, Drum brake<br />
8x2/8x4, Disc brake<br />
1 50<br />
2 * 70<br />
2 65<br />
3 * 120<br />
2 65<br />
3 * 120<br />
2 65<br />
3 * 120<br />
2 65<br />
3 * 120<br />
2 70<br />
3 * 120<br />
* AUXPARK mounted.<br />
** Trailer without parking brakes.<br />
GCW > 120 tonnes requires that trailer parking brakes can be applied from the truck.<br />
NOTE! Local approval for parking brake <strong>and</strong> heavy haulage may be required.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 5 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Brakes<br />
Below table shows designed braking capacity for trucks with approved available<br />
EC certificates with speed >45 km/h.<br />
NOTE! If the body-builder do any kind of modification of the <strong>Volvo</strong> brake system,<br />
the body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of the brake system.<br />
Certified Vehicle Type<br />
Max GVW (tonnes)<br />
4x2 20.0<br />
4x4 20.5<br />
6x2, RAPD-A6 27.0<br />
6x2, RADT-A8 28.0<br />
6x2, RADT-AR 28.0 *<br />
6x4, RADD-A8 (RAL19) 27.6<br />
6x4, RADD-A8 (RAL21) 29.6<br />
6x4, RADD-BR (RAL19) 27.6<br />
6x4, RADD-BR (RAL21) 29.6<br />
6x4, RADD-TR (RAL23) 31.6<br />
6x4, RADD-TR (RAL26) 34.6<br />
6x4, RADD-TR (RAL26, FAL9.0) 35.0<br />
6x6, RADD-BR (RAL21, FAL8.0) 27.0<br />
6x6, RADD-TR (RAL26) 34.0<br />
8x2, RADT-AR 33.0<br />
8x2, RADT-A8 (FAL16, DRAL11.5) 35.0<br />
8x4, RADD-A8 37.0<br />
8x4, RADD-BR 37.0<br />
8x4, RADD-TR (FAL16, RAL21) 32.0<br />
8x4, RADD-TR (FAL16, RAL23) 39.0<br />
8x4, RADD-TR (FAL16, RAL26) 42.0<br />
8x4, RADD-TR (FAL17.4, RAL26) 41.0<br />
* 26.0 before week 0351.<br />
Be aware of that Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) is maximum weight (Max). There can be<br />
combinations with lower values.<br />
Verify available valid certificate for Your vehicle combination (FALXX+DRALXX+TRALXX;<br />
RALXX = DRALXX+TRALXX).<br />
The "high end" heavy haulage vehicles, needed for traction, axle pressures exceed the<br />
design axle loads. These axle pressures are only to be used below 45 km/h.<br />
The low speed <strong>and</strong> the special precautions taken under "high end" heavy haulage, make the<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ard braking equipment <strong>and</strong> its braking performance still acceptable despite the extra<br />
axle loads. However, local regulation must always be fulfilled <strong>and</strong> is in this document not<br />
concerned.<br />
NOTE! <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corp. requirement regarding retardation must be fulfilled (≥ 5 m/s 2 ).<br />
At least one brake analysis has to be performed in order to prove that concerned requirement<br />
is fulfilled.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 6 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Frame<br />
If the guidelines above are followed no extra frame reinforcement, e.g. help frame is required.<br />
Steering Capacity<br />
In table below be aware of that the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) is maximum weight (Max).<br />
There can be combinations with lower values. Verify that there is a valid certificate for your<br />
vehicle combination.<br />
NOTE! If the body-builder does any kind of modification of the <strong>Volvo</strong> steering system, the<br />
body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of steering system.<br />
At least 20% of the GVW must be applied onto the truck steering axle.<br />
Designed steering capacity<br />
(certified)<br />
<strong>Axle</strong><br />
arr.<br />
Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
(FAL)<br />
Front<br />
suspension<br />
Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
(RAL)<br />
Rear axle installation<br />
Max GVW<br />
(tonnes)<br />
4x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 7.5 / 8.0 / 9.0 Air / Leaf 13 RAD-L90 / RAD-A4 20<br />
4x4 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 13 RAD-L90 20<br />
6x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 19 / 21 RADT-AR 28 *<br />
6x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 7.5 / 8.0 / 9.0 Air / Leaf 18 / 18.5 / 19<br />
RADT-A8<br />
(fixed or self steered) 28 **)<br />
6x2 7.1 / 8.0 Air / Leaf 18 / 19<br />
RAPD-A6<br />
(fixed or hydr. steered)<br />
27<br />
6x2 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 Air / Leaf 18 / 19 RADT-A8 (hydr. steered) 27<br />
6x4 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 19/ 21 / 23 / 26 / 32<br />
RADD-BR /<br />
RADD-TR1 / RADD-TR2<br />
34<br />
6x4 6.7 / 7.1 / 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 21 RADD-A8 29<br />
6x4 9.0 Leaf 26 / 32 RADD-TR2 35<br />
6x6 8.0 / 9.0 Leaf 21 / 26<br />
RADD-BR /<br />
RADD-TR1 / RADD-TR2<br />
34<br />
8x2 16.0 Leaf 18 / 19 / 21 RADT-A8 / RADT-AR 42<br />
8x4 13.0 / 16.0 / 17.4 Leaf 21 /23 / 26<br />
GVW = Gross Vehicle Weight<br />
* Certificate will be available after week 0351.<br />
** Certificate will be available after week 0335.<br />
RADD-A8 / RADD-BR /<br />
RADD-TR1 / RADD-TR2<br />
42<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 7 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
3. <strong>Increased</strong> axle loads<br />
If the truck speed is lowered there is a potential of increased axle loads for some variants.<br />
NOTE! If the body-builder does any kind of modification of the <strong>Volvo</strong> axle arrangements,<br />
the body-builder is fully responsible for the approval of the vehicle.<br />
Front axle<br />
Front axle<br />
arrangement<br />
One (1) nondriven<br />
axle<br />
Two (2) nondriven<br />
axles<br />
One (1) driven<br />
front axle<br />
Front<br />
suspension<br />
FST-AIR,<br />
FAL8.0<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL7.1<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL7.5<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL8.0<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL9.0<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL16.0<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL17.4<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL8.0<br />
FST-PAR,<br />
FAL9.0<br />
0 – 45<br />
km/h<br />
Front axle load (tonnes)<br />
46 – 60 61 – 75<br />
km/h km/h<br />
76 – 90<br />
km/h<br />
9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0<br />
8.0 7.1 7.1 7.1<br />
9.0 7.5 7.5 7.5<br />
9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0<br />
10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0<br />
18.0 16.0 16.0 16.0<br />
18.0 17.4 17.4 17.4<br />
9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0<br />
9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 8 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Rear suspension<br />
Rear<br />
suspension 0-45<br />
km/h<br />
Rear axle load (tonnes)<br />
46-60<br />
km/h<br />
61-75<br />
km/h<br />
76-90<br />
km/h<br />
Comment<br />
RAD-A4 15 13 13 13<br />
RADT-AR<br />
22 19 19 19 RAL19, TRAL-RF (axle distr. 52/48)<br />
22 19 19 19 RAL19, TRAL-STD (axle distr. 56/44)<br />
24 21 21 21 RAL21, TRAL-RF (axle distr. 52/48)<br />
24 21 21 21 RAL21, TRAL-STD (axle distr. 56/44)<br />
RAPD-A6 21 19 19 19 Choose TRAL75<br />
RADT-A8 23 21 19 19 Choose TRAL75<br />
RADD-BR 24 21 21 21 Spring 257887 or 257871 or 257900<br />
RADD-A8 26 21 21 21<br />
RADD-R1/2,<br />
RAL26,<br />
RSH-STD<br />
RADD-TR2,<br />
RAL32,<br />
RSH-STD,<br />
RT3210HV<br />
RADD-R1/2,<br />
RAL26,<br />
RSH-XHIG<br />
RADD-TR2,<br />
RAL32,<br />
RSH-XHIG,<br />
RT3210HV<br />
30 26 26 26<br />
36 32 32 32<br />
26 26 26 26<br />
32 32 32 32<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 9 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Rear suspension<br />
Rear<br />
suspension DRAL TRAL/<br />
DRAL2<br />
0 – 45 km/h 46 – 60 km/h 61 – 75 km/h 76 – 90 km/h<br />
DRAL<br />
TRAL/<br />
DRAL2<br />
DRAL<br />
TRAL/<br />
DRAL2<br />
DRAL<br />
TRAL/<br />
DRAL2<br />
Comment<br />
RAD-A4 15 - 13 - 13 - 13 -<br />
RADT-AR<br />
11.44 10.56 9.88 9.12 9.88 9.12 9.88 9.12 RAL19, TRAL-RF<br />
(axle distr. 52/48)<br />
12.32 9.68 10.64 8.36 10.64 8.36 10.64 8.36 RAL19, TRAL-STD<br />
(axle distr. 56/44)<br />
12.48 11.52 10.92 10.08 10.92 10.08 10.92 10.08 RAL21, TRAL-RF<br />
(axle distr. 52/48)<br />
13.44 10.56 11.76 9.24 11.76 9.24 11.76 9.24 RAL21, TRAL-STD<br />
(axle distr. 56/44)<br />
RAPD-A6 12.7 8.3 11.5 7.5 11.5 7.5 11.5 7.5 Choose TRAL75<br />
RADT-A8 14 9 12.78 8.21 11.5 7.5 11.5 7.5 Choose TRAL75<br />
RADD-BR 12 12 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 Spring 257887,<br />
257871 or 257900<br />
RADD-A8 13 13 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5<br />
RADD-<br />
TR1/2,<br />
RAL26,<br />
RSH-STD<br />
RADD-TR2,<br />
RAL32,<br />
RSH-STD,<br />
RT3210HV<br />
RADD-<br />
TR1/2,<br />
RAL26,<br />
RSH-XHIG<br />
RADD-TR2,<br />
RAL32,<br />
RSH-HIG,<br />
RT3210HV<br />
15 15 13 13 13 13 13 13<br />
18 18 16 16 16 16 16 16<br />
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13<br />
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16<br />
DRAL = DRive <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
TRAL = TRailing <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
DRAL2 = DRive <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> on second drive axle<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 10 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
4. Airport Vehicles<br />
Introduction<br />
This recommendation DO NOT cover emergency vehicles such as fire fighting vehicles etc.<br />
At airports special conditions prevail, e.g. very good paving, flat surfaces, fenced in areas,<br />
etc. Under these circumstances extra high axle loads may be used. Using these extra high<br />
axle loads, st<strong>and</strong>ard suspensions sometime need customisation.<br />
High Gross Combination Weight<br />
Depending on engine power, transmission <strong>and</strong> rear axle load the maximum Gross<br />
Combination Weight (GCW) may not be possible to obtain.<br />
R e a r<br />
a x l e<br />
type load *<br />
Ratio<br />
D9D260<br />
VT1705PT<br />
D9D260<br />
VT2206PT<br />
D12D460,<br />
VT2206PT<br />
RT3210HV<br />
(max. 45 km/h)<br />
* Tonnes<br />
32<br />
3.61 50 70 100<br />
3.76 55 75 105<br />
4.12 60 80 115<br />
4.55 65 90 125<br />
5.41 80 105 150<br />
7.21 100 140 200<br />
Rear Suspension<br />
<strong>Axle</strong> load for a 4x2 rear leaf suspended vehicle (RAD-L90) is shown in table below:<br />
Speed (km/h) RAL (tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 16.5<br />
7 - 15 16<br />
16 - 30 16<br />
31 - 45 16<br />
46 - 60 13<br />
61 - 75 13<br />
76 - 90 13<br />
RAL = Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• Springs: RAD-L90, RST-PAR3 (part no. 257 845)<br />
• Rear axle RSS1344B<br />
• Bump stop, part no. 39 43 388, mounted to the flange of the chassis frame with a 5 mm<br />
spacer between.<br />
• Rear stabiliser anchorage, part no. 10 76 637, mounted between rear axle casing <strong>and</strong><br />
spring leaves.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 11 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Rear suspension<br />
<strong>Axle</strong> load for a 4x2 rear leaf suspended vehicle (RAD-L90) is shown in table below:<br />
Speed (km/h) RAL (tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 20<br />
7 - 15 20<br />
16 - 30 20<br />
31 - 45 16<br />
46 - 60 15<br />
61 - 75 15<br />
76 - 90 15<br />
RAL = Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• Springs: RAD-L90, RST-PAR3 (part no. 257 845).<br />
• Rear single reduction axle RSS1344B.<br />
• Bump stop, part no. 39 43 388, mounted to the flange of the chassis frame with a<br />
5mm spacer between.<br />
• Rear stabiliser anchorage, part no. 10 76 637, mounted between rear axle casing <strong>and</strong><br />
spring leaves.<br />
• Two extra hollow rubber springs (part no. 15 06 399) to be mounted at each side, i.e. a<br />
total of 4 per truck. They should be respectively mounted 250 mm from the leaf spring<br />
clamp bolt. The rubber springs to be mounted just to touch the leaf spring when rear axle<br />
load is 15 tonnes.<br />
Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (RAL) for a 4x2 rear air suspended vehicle (RAD-A4) is shown in table below:<br />
Speed (km/h)<br />
Rear axle NOT leaning<br />
on bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
Rear axle leaning on<br />
bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 15 16.5<br />
7 - 15 15 15<br />
16 - 30 15 15<br />
31 - 45 15 Not allowed<br />
46 - 60 15 Not allowed<br />
61 - 75 13 Not allowed<br />
76 - 90 13 Not allowed<br />
RAL = Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• None.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 12 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Rear suspension<br />
Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (RAL) for a 4x2 rear air suspended vehicle (RAD-A4) is shown in table below:<br />
Speed (km/h)<br />
Rear axle NOT leaning<br />
on bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
Rear axle leaning on<br />
bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 15 20<br />
7 - 15 15 18<br />
16 - 30 15 18<br />
31 - 45 15 Not allowed<br />
46 - 60 15 Not allowed<br />
61 - 75 13 Not allowed<br />
76 - 90 13 Not allowed<br />
RAL = Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• Frame calculations to be performed for each specific truck by <strong>Volvo</strong>.<br />
• FRAME88 <strong>and</strong> FRAMEHIGH.<br />
• New bump stop bracket LH/RH according to enclosed conceptual sketch.<br />
• New bump stop bracket must be fixed with 4x2 M14 bolts to the frame according to<br />
existing frame hole pattern.<br />
• Bump stop rubber must be re-installed at the same position (z-direction) relative to frame.<br />
Picture below shows a conceptual sketch of the new bump stop bracket on RAD-A4<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ard dimension<br />
tube with wall<br />
thickness = 8 mm<br />
4x2 holes for M14 bolts<br />
Plate thickness =12mm<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 13 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Rear suspension<br />
Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (RAL) for a 6x2 rear air suspended steered tag axle vehicle is shown in table<br />
below:<br />
Speed (km/h)<br />
Rear axle NOT leaning<br />
on bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
Rear axle leaning on<br />
bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 23 28<br />
7 - 15 23 26<br />
16 - 30 23 26<br />
31 - 45 23 Not allowed<br />
46 - 60 23 Not allowed<br />
61 - 75 23 Not allowed<br />
76 - 90 23 Not allowed<br />
RAL = Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• TRAL75.<br />
Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (RAL) for a 6x4 rear air suspended vehicle (RADD-A8) is shown in table<br />
below:<br />
Speed (km/h)<br />
Rear axle NOT leaning<br />
on bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
Rear axle leaning on<br />
bump stop<br />
(RAL, tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 30 33<br />
7 - 15 30 30<br />
16 - 30 30 30<br />
31 - 45 30 Not allowed<br />
46 - 60 30 Not allowed<br />
61 - 75 26 Not allowed<br />
76 - 90 26 Not allowed<br />
RAL = Rear <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• None.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 14 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Front Suspension<br />
Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (FAL) for a 4x2 front leaf suspended vehicle.<br />
Speed (km/h) FAL (tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 12.0<br />
7 - 15 9.0<br />
16 - 30 9.0<br />
31 - 45 9.0<br />
46 - 60 8.0<br />
61 - 75 8.0<br />
76 - 90 8.0<br />
FAL = Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• FST-PAR, FAL8.0.<br />
Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (FAL) for a 4x2 front leaf suspended vehicle.<br />
Speed (km/h) FAL (tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 13.0<br />
7 - 15 11.0<br />
16 - 30 11.0<br />
31 - 45 10.5<br />
46 - 60 10.5<br />
61 - 75 9.0<br />
76 - 90 9.0<br />
FAL = Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• FST-PAR, FAL9.0<br />
Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (FAL) for an 8x2/8x4 front leaf suspended vehicle.<br />
Speed (km/h) FAL (tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 18.0<br />
7 - 15 18.0<br />
16 - 30 18.0<br />
31 - 45 18.0<br />
46 - 60 18.0<br />
61 - 75 16.0<br />
76 - 90 16.0<br />
FAL = Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• None<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 15 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation
<strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Haulage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Increased</strong> <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
<strong>Recommendations</strong><br />
Front suspension<br />
Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong> (FAL) for a 4x2 front air suspended vehicle with 8 tonnes front axle.<br />
Speed (km/h)<br />
Front axle NOT leaning<br />
on bump stop<br />
(FAL, tonnes)<br />
Front axle leaning on<br />
bump stop<br />
(FAL, tonnes)<br />
0 - 6 12.0 13.0<br />
7 - 15 10.0 Not allowed<br />
16 - 30 10.0 Not allowed<br />
31 - 45 9.0 Not allowed<br />
46 - 60 8.0 Not allowed<br />
61 - 75 8.0 Not allowed<br />
76 - 90 8.0 Not allowed<br />
FAL = Front <strong>Axle</strong> <strong>Load</strong><br />
Adaptation:<br />
• None<br />
General Requirements<br />
• When retarder RET-TPT extra oil to air cooler is recommended (RTO).<br />
• At least FRAME88 on 4x2.<br />
• At least FRAME88, FRAMEHIG <strong>and</strong> full innerliner on 6x2 <strong>and</strong> 8x2.<br />
• Flat <strong>and</strong> good paving.<br />
• No driving on common roads.<br />
• A special approval must be given for each vehicle.<br />
• The operator is responsible that the tyres have enough loading capacity.<br />
• Preventing declination on leaf suspended vehicles, arbitrarily numbers of spacers can be<br />
used. Note that the bump stop must be moved downwards accordingly. Ref. 4x2<br />
vehicles use spacer part no. 10 76 637.<br />
• Brake analysis required for concerned speeds.<br />
5. Unregistered Vehicles<br />
Requirements of this type of vehicles are identical to vehicles presented in<br />
chapters 1-3.<br />
2003 05 19 ENG Version 01 16 (16) <strong>Volvo</strong> Truck Corporation