Malaysian Houses of Parliament

Acknowledgements
We are indebted to the following party for their advice, assitance, or support:
Ms. Norita Johar in securing a visiting appointment with the visitors managing department of the Malaysian Houses of Parliament and to Ms Shahrianne in
guiding us on producing this web book research.
We are also grateful to the Malaysian Houses of Parliament management team in allowing us to visit and tour around the main block of Parlimen Malaysia.
Thanks to the staff, Mr. Black( who’s real name wished to remain undisclosed) that was assigned to explain, guide and lead us through during our visit to the
Parliment.
Special thanks to Ar. Zuraina Leily bt Awalluddin, Ketua Penolong Pengarah Kana of Cawangan Arkitek, JKR for scheduling an appointment for us with Mr. Saiful
to discuss and get to know more information regard the Parliment building.
Last but not least, a huge thank you to Mr. Saiful Fazli bin Ramli, Penolong Pengarah Kanan of Cawangan Arkitek, JKR for his patience in explaining, providing
information and helped us in understanding the composition of the building so that our analysis and research on the building went smoothly.
2

Content
Introduction 4-5
Architecture Style 6-12
• Local Adaptation of International Style Modern Building 6
• Design Approach Influenced by Modern and International Style 6
• Local Influence 11
Building Construction And Materials 13-17
• Comparing Similarities And Differences 16
Architectural Elements/ Components 18-24
• External Facade 18
• Interior : - Staircase 19
- Columns 21
- Ceiling 21
- Decorative Elements 22
- Others : Statue and plague 24
Conclusion 25
References 26
3

Introduction
Left: Frontal view of the Malaysian
Houses of Parliament. The uniqueness
of the Tower Block facade
stood out against the blue skyline.
Right: Miniature building model
showing an overall view of the
Houses of Parliament.
4

The Malaysian Houses of Parliament
is an iconic building of Malaysia
where it represents the identity of
democracy of our nation. The Malaysian
Houses of Parliament is a building
complex where the Malaysian Parliament
assembles. The structure stands up high to
its magnificence on the top of West Folly
Hill, at the Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur
City Center, right next to the Malay sian
National Monument. The site was chosen
in December 1959, an area near the
Flower Garden Kuala Lumpur. The Parliament
building complex is the brainchild of
from first the Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul
Rahman Putra Al-Haj and soon this building
became a symbol of democracy for our
country.
The laying of foundation stone was then
later done by our third Agong Tuanku Syed
Putra Al-Haj Ibni Al-Marhum Syed Hassan
Jamalullail on November 21, 1963. The
architect who designed this building was
William Ivor Shipley. He graduated from the
Architectural Association School of Architecture
in London and then did national
service as a British Army garrison engineer
from 1950 to 1952 in Singapore. Returning
to Britain, he applied in 1953 to the Crown
Agents to work in Singapore. However, he
was informed that his posting would instead
be as Settlement Architect when his
ship arrived in Penang. He worked on the
island until his transfer to Kuala Lumpur (KL)
in 1956. He is then assigned as an architect
in Malaysian Public Work Department, JKR.
(“Parliament house, malaysia,” )Shipley’s contributions
to the development of Malaysia’s
built environment are crucial. He understood
modernist architecture and transformed it
for the region.
The Malaysian Houses of Parliament currently
houses 3 main buildings. The main block
has three storeys with the size of 380 x290
feet. The tower block consists of 17 storeys,
with the height of 76.2 metres and 450 metres
square feet in size for each storey. The
Main blaock and Twer block are connected bt
two 50 metres long bridges (“Introduction of
parliament,” ). The last building is the Multipurpose
Hall.
Finely manicured landscaped within the parliament
compound.
It is currently housing the temporary Hall of
Senate and Representatives as the original
Hall of Representatives is currently undergoing
renovation and restoration works and
the renovation works of House of Senate
is scheduled to begin soon. The compound
of the Parliament is surrounded with finely
manicured landscape with a deer farm
within. The bronze statue of Malaysian’s
first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman is
erected directly in front of the Parliament
compound. The Parliament building is gazetted
as National Heritage Building under
the National Heritage Act 2005. The construction
method of the parliament building
was considered state of the art technology
during the 1960s and it is truly a extraordinary
building that is able to represent the
identity of our nation till this day.
The statue of Tunku Abdul Rahman standing
tall at the entrance of the Parliament.
5

Architecture Style
By: Ng Wei Ying
A Local Adaptation of
International Style Modern
Building
Design Approach Influenced by Modern and
International Style
The Malaysian Houses of Parliament was
expressed in Modernist and International
Architecture style with infusion
of local vernacular architecture style.
It is a truly unique and magnificent building
as there are no other building like the House
of Parliament in Malaysia. It was constructed
with simple post and beam system with raft
foundation supporting below. Perhaps one of
the most prominent characteristics of Modernism
and International style is the extensive use
of reinforced concrete with steel supporting
structures. International style came during the
Modern Movement. During the rise of Nazism,
Modernism came under increasing pressure in
Germany. Thus, many of the German modernist
architects emigrated to the United States where
American corporate and domestic architecture
began. In 1932, the Museum of Modern Art
New York featured an exhibition introducing
this new language of architecture. The term
“International Style” was then coined and it was
an architectural language that was universally
adopted, regardless of the country’s climatic
changes.
6
There were plenty of Modernist influences that
could be seen in International style. One of the
most notable and influential architect who was
responsible for the Modern Movement was Le
Corbusier, who introduced the concept of Five
points of Architecture into Modern building design.
The five points include a building with free
facade, pilotis( reinforced concrete columns)
bearing and elevating the boxy building off the
ground, a flat roof with turf or roof top garden,
open plan and also horizontal strips of ribbon
windows.
These modernist influences could be seen in the
Malaysian Houses of Parliament as it consisted
of 3 blocks.main block. Namely the 3 storey rectangular
Main building which houses two national
assembly halls, 17 storey tower block and also
a Multipurpose Hall. The main building took on
a Rectilinear form, which consisted of longitudinal
plan and elevations.The facade of the main
building and tower block emphasized on regularity
with pineapple skin-like Terrazzo panels
cladding. It is also stripped free of extraneous
ornamentation on the facade of the tower block.
Beneath the terrazzo panels, curtain wall made of
laminated glass panels are lined along the tower
and main block.
Reinforced column is clearly seen from the exterior
of the Malaysian Houses of Parliament Building.

Top Left and Right: Section and
Elevation Drawings of the Parliament
building exhibiting its
longitudinal shape composition.
Bottom: A rough sketch diagram
of First Floor plan featuring
the long corridor/foyer and
walkways.
7

The spatial organization of the main block featured an open plan concept,
with long corridors and walkway circulated around the National Assembly
Halls.The building also consists of open interior spaces and voids, influenced
by the modern movement language which were then converted into
courtyards to bring in sunlight and ventilation purposes.
The major construction materials used were steel, reinforced concrete,
terrazzo and granite. These were the common building materials used in
modern buildings. There was a turf on top of the main block which used
to function as a roof top garden back in the 60s-90s. The idea of having
flat roof terrace with roof top garden was influenced by Le Corbusier’s Five
Points of Architecture concept.
Top & Bottom: Long corridors acts as
foyer that circulates around the National
Assembly Halls
8

Another Western influence that could be observed on
the Parliament building is the installation of suspended
ceilings in the connecting bridge between the tower
block and main building. The installation of suspended
ceilings are part of the restoration and renovation
process of the Parliament building and the idea was
drawn from the British Parliament building, The Palace
of Westminster.
Top: Interior courtyards found within the
main block
Bottom: Suspended ceilings being installed
in the bridges that connect to the tower
block from the main block.
9

The facade design of the tower block was inspired from
pineapple skin with beehive-like openings that acts as
the exterior ornamental shell of the Parliament building.
These panels gives off a skeletal feel on the building
and functions as brise soleil that acts as sun shading
device to block out the sun glares of Malaysian’s tropical
climate. This structure was first popularized by Le
Corbusier. The frosted glass panels are protected from
the sun and overheating.
Left: A close up view of the Terrazzo panels
encasing the facade of the building
10
Middle: Close up view of of the panels
from the interior of the building.
Right: The Terrazzo paneling provided a
sense of scale, texture and rhythm to the
facade.

Local Influence
The Malaysian Houses of Parliament was built on
top of West Folly Hill, Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur
City Center. The site was selected for its strategic
location in terms of Fengshui. The hill is the
highest point in Kuala Lumpur, sitting in the middle
of Kuala Lumpur City Center, overlooking the Bangunan
Sultan Abdul Samad building.
Each and every piece the pineapple skin-like
terrazzo panels were shaped into a 3 dimensional
effect without flat surfaces that mimicked the
outlook of a pineapple. These paneling provided
a sense of scale, texture, rhythm and form to the
facade. (V. F. Chen (Ed.)) The idea of implementing
pineapple skin-like facade could be that Malaysia
was once the largest export on pineapples back in
the 1960s-70s. It could be inspired by the agriculture
period of Malaysia before Independence. The
extensive use of Terrazzo material on flooring and
cladding were also one of the local trend back in
the 1960s-80s as Terrazzo seemed to be a popular
building material choice back then. It speaks of
the architectural language of that period. Moreover,
the greyish white terrazzo panels successfully
speaks of minimalism style which was the spirit of
Modern Architecture.
The form of the Malaysian Houses of Parliament
building was influenced by the Eclectic and Vernacular
style of local architecture. The eleven fin-like
concrete structures crowing atop of the 3 storey
main building forming a sort of concertina roof are
known as the pinnacles. These pinnacles are part
of the vital feature of Malaysian Houses of Parliament
building as they are the significant structures
that stood out and often people are able to identify
the building with these fin-like structures.
Top Right & Bottom: The eleven pinnacles played a
significant part on the Parliament building.
11

The pinnacles drew inspiration from the gabled roof of Vernacular
style architecture, “Rumah Melaka”. It was built to adapt to the local
climatic condition with the concept of hot air rises in the pitched gabled
roof design. Triangular side openings are found on the pinnacles
to maximize the penetration and reflection of sunlight into the main
building to light the House of Representative Hall. It was designed for
maximizing the acoustic effect within the hall and for ventilation purposes.
A taste of local vernacular design is infused into the parliament
building with the construction of pinnacles on the podium of main
building which successfully broke free from the regularity of Modernist
concept.
Traditional Malay ornamental wood carvings of floral motifs decorated the interior
of the main building. These ornamental wood cravings succeeded in creating an
interior atmosphere that speaks of traditional Malay house interior and created a
stong sense of identity for our nation.
Left: An Example of typical Malay vernacular
style house with gabled roof
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/
TMII_Riau_Pavilion_Malay_House_01.
Right: Wood carvings of floral motifs
decorated the exterior wall of the Hall
of Senate
12

Building Construction & Materials
By: Chuah Say Yin
Lim Wai Ming
The Parliament building of Malaysia was built using more than a million
bricks, 2,200 tonnes of steel, 54,000 tonnes of concrete, 200,000 bags
of cement and 300 tonnes of glass.(“Parliament building”)Material
used for construction of the structure is mainly reinforced concrete
whereas the finishes used are mostly terrazzo. Terrazzo is widely used as the
finishes of the building such as the modular panels of the façade because it
was a very important materials used during the 60s and 70s. In Malaysia, we
did not produce it locally and thus it was imported from the neighbouring such
as India. Whereas for reinforced concrete, it is used to construct to structural
frame of the building and pinnacle located at the main block as it was a very
popular building materials used during modernistic architecture.
The building is a reinforced concrete frame building, constructed with skeletal
construction method. It provides a cage or skeleton for supports, a lightweight
construction method which was vastly adopted during the period of International
Style (Phillip, n.d). This enables load bearing walls to be eliminated.
However, due to the needs of protection against the weather, privacy etc.,
walls have been erected as merely a subordinate element. Therefore, free flow
plan is made possible. Furthermore, cantilevered slab are also allowed to be
built as the structural columns and elements are constructed at the inner part
of the structure as shown above. This was influenced by one of the Five Points
of Architecture by Le Corbusier.
Left: A 1962 photo of the Parliament Building undergoing construction phase.
13

Top: Cross section drawing showing how the
Terrazzo panel is fixed on the facade.
Besides, this has also enable free standing and
non-structural façade to be done. The modular
panels of terrazzo were installed afterwards with
the whole façade a distance away from the main
structural support. The standard size of the modular
panels facilitate the installation process. The
panels are fixed into the cantilevered slab using
bolts and nuts with reinforcement steel casted
inside as shown in Diagram. The panels are
non-structural and purely for aesthetic purposes
besides providing sun shading to the building. It is
influenced from the Le Corbusier’s brise soleil, a
French word that means “sun breaker”. It is designed
particularly for warm and tropical climate to
serve as a sun shading device rather than heavily
glazed facade (Mohammad, n.d.)
However, laminated glass were installed during
the renovation between the terrazzo panels so as
to cope with the increasing temperature of the
country. Then, the gutter are constructed after the
panels for aesthetic purposes and at the same time
direct the rainwater coming through the modular
panels.
Bottom: Gutter to direct rainwter.
14

The pinnacle roof is made of cast in situ concrete. It is applied
with a layer of waterproof membrane so that it would not degrade
easily. It is part of the structural elements of the main block that
serves as the roof under the House of Representative. One of its
function is to direct the sunlight for natural lighting. Besides, the
interior part of the pinnacle is applied with acoustic membrane to
ensure the good acoustic effect within the room.
The frame and panel for suspended ceiling located at the bridge connecting the
main block of the House of Parliament to the tower block consists of grid of framework
made of timber, suspended from the ceiling with its frame exposed. It is newly
installed during renovation to replace the old plastered ceiling. This is because suspended
ceiling offers the ease of maintenance activities while at the same conceal
services and structural elements such as electrical cables, piping and beams. Unlike
plastered ceiling, it has to be cut in order for the maintenance services to be carried
out. Besides, with the frame, it allows expansion of the panel and avoid cracking.
Moreover, suspended ceiling are easier to be installed as it can adapt to any size and
shape of the room. Comparing to ceiling used in Sainte Marie de La Tourette, it uses
concrete ceiling rather than suspended ceiling. Materials like concrete expand a lot.
Hence, maintenance issue are very prevalent today with the cracking concrete and
defective insulation.
Most of the partition wall in
the Parliament house is made
of plywood with plastered
finishes. It is non-structural
and serve to divide interior
space. Other than that, the
partition walls is also equipped
with soundproofing function
to avoid the sound traveling to
another space.
Bottom left: Suspended ceiling seen in the
connecting bridges
Bottom right: Plaster ceiling
15

Comparing Similarities and Differences
•Between House of Parliament of Malaysia and Van Nelle Factory.
Left: Malaysian Houses of
Parliament
Above: Van Nelle Factory.
House of Parliament of Malaysia and Van Nelle Factory
are both International Styles architecture. Therefore,
both of the buildings were constructed using reinforced
concrete as the skeleton support of the structure. Both of
these give the effect of a grille of verticals and horizontals
from a distance away. Furthermore, both of the buildings
achieve the effect of mere planes surface bounding the
volume with its skeleton construction. Thus, the prime
architectural symbol here is no longer the dense brick,
but the open box.
Besides, both of these buildings is designed
to have free facade. Nonetheless,
due to the difference of weather between
Malaysia and Netherlands, the materials
used to enclose the free facade is different.
For instance, ribbon window using
glass with thin steel frames were used in
the Van Nelle Factory as the weather is
not as hot as Malaysia and therefore the
glazing would not be overheating. Besides,
Light and air could penetrate deep into the
building throught the façade. (Architecture
in Rotterdam, n.d). Whereas for Malaysia,
the country is experiencing tropical climate
with hot weather, the façade of the House
of Parliament is designed in fixed terrazzo
panels so that the sunlight will not penetrate
directly into the building besides
functioning to whole the laminated glass in
place. (Lai,C.K.,pg90) This save the energy
and decrease the room temperature of the
building.
16

•Between House of Parliament of Malaysia and Sainte Marie de la Tourette.
Comparing the ceiling of both House of Parliament and Sainte
Marie de la Tourette, they are using plastered ceiling for some
part of the building(Ruth Oldham, 2010). But some part of the
material on the ceiling used are different, the House of Parliament
has chosen to use suspended ceiling and Sainte Marie
de la Tourette remain the concrete ceiling without adding any
finishing on it to reduce the cost.
The frame and panel suspended ceiling of the Parliament building
located at the bridge connecting the main block consists of a
grid of a framework made of timber, suspended from the ceiling
with its frame exposed. It is newly installed during renovation
to replace the old plastered ceiling. This is because suspended
ceiling offers the ease of maintenance activities while at the
same conceal services and structural elements such as electrical
cables, piping and beams. Unlike plastered ceiling, it has to be
cut in order for the maintenance services to be carried out. Besides,
with the frame, it allows expansion of the panel and avoid
cracking. Moreover, suspended ceiling is easier to be installed
as it can adapt to any size and shape of the room.
Comparing to ceiling used in Sainte Marie de La Tourette, which
uses concrete ceiling rather than suspended ceiling, materials
like concrete expand a lot. Hence, maintenance issue is very
prevalent today with the cracking concrete and defective insulation.(ArchDaily
,2010)
Top: Plaster ceiling
of Sainte Marie de la
Tourette
Bottom: Plaster ceiling
of Malaysian Houses
of Parliament
17

Components
External Facade
Pineapple skin of the
parliament building
As you can see the 17
storey office building has
a unique façade which
looks like a pineapple
skin. They actually applied the
Brise Soleil by Le Corbusier, a sun
shading strategy since in Malaysia
there are only two kinds of weather,
it is either sunny days or rainy days.
Therefore the sun shading element
is a need to apply on a building.
The void in the pineapple skin will
act as a window and quarter of the
void is covered with frosted glass to
control the amount of sunlight into
the building. Besides sun shading
the pineapple skin also shows aesthetic value. The reason why pineapple skin
design were applied on the façade is because of the local influences at that
time. Furthermore during that time, Johor being one of the states in Malaysia
is the greatest exporter for pineapple.
The sigficant pinnacles at the main block
The pinnacle roof is one of the significant
architectural element of
the Parliament building. This kind
of shape is similar to the
Pasar Bayang Kuala Terengganu
which is one of the reason it
become significant as it shows the
culture of Malaysia. Besides that,
it also make the building stands
out compare to others buildings
with the 11 huge triangular concrete
pinnacle that formwhat has
been described as “a concertina
roof reminiscent of the skin of a
pineapple”. (david,2009)
Other than aesthetic and cultural
value, it is also very practical. It
can cause echoes with it’s concrete
surface to allow the members
of House of Representatives
to talk to each other even it’s
a long distance. Since the microphone
technology is not that advance during
the old times, this element was really
important.
Furthermore, there are windows at the
pinnacle which allow the sunlight penetrate
into the hall.
Bottom: Interior view of the piannacles
from the Hall of Representatives
18

Interior
Staircase
By: Christine Yeap Z. X
Wang Pui Yee
Many types of stairs are found in the house of parliament.
Most of the stairs found there has timber
balustrade that comes in one piece which is one
of it’s significance for the stairs there. Besides, the
stairs found at the loading bay area are mostly spiral
staircase and most of them are made out of concrete
and steel. One of the most important stairs is
found around the foundation stone place. It is the
pathway that is use by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
The spiral staircase found in the house of parlimen
actually break the regularity of modernism because
modernism often has visual emphasism on horizontal
and vertical lines. Furthermore these staircase
are supported by timber spine which then creates
floating effect. The timber spine are showed relates
back to one of the modernism concept which is the
visual expression of structure, not needing to hide
any structural elements.
Clockwise from top to bottom:
Spiral Staircase At Loading
Bay To Save Space.
Half Landing Staircase With
Timber Spine
Arched Staircase
Arched Staircase With Timber
Spine
19

There’s two stairs leading to the main hall in
this building. One is used by outsiders and one
is used only by the Agong himself. “The Royal
Stairs” or “Once A Year Stairs” is exclusively used
by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his consorts
when they come to the house of representatives
to officially open the new session of Parliament.
Since this occasion only occurs once a year, the
stairs are closed at all other times. Therefore
from the picture you can see the stairs
covered with plastics so that the carpet would
not be dirtied and the entrance of the stairs is
barricaded. Comparing both stairs, the stairs
used by the Agong is covered by gold colour
carpet and the timber balustrade of the stairs
also have Malay motif carvings in gold colour
making it look more grand. The other staircase
used by outsiders does not have gold painted
carvings nor gold colour carpet to reflect the gap
between us and the Agong.
Left & Right: Straight Stairs With Landing Access To Lobby.
20

Column
Ceiling
Since the Parliament building was mean to be
conserved, suspended ceiling had been introduced
to replace plaster ceiling. Suspended
ceiling is easier to maintain compared to plaster
ceiling because when any problems such as water
leaking happen, by just pushing out the panel,
maintenance can be done whereas for plaster
ceiling , the whole ceiling need to be removed in
order to carry out the maintenance.
All columns found in Parliament Buildinfg are three dimentional.
As you can see from the picture above, all the
columns found in the parliament building does
not have any flat surface. So no matter from
which angle you view the column it would have a
three dimensional feel. Besides, the columns have
high aesthetic value since in any way you view it ,
its three dimensional.
Columns are larger than they need to be to
create stability, as this is the house of parlimen
it has to give others an impression of elegance,
power and anchored as they walk into the building.
This is a place where powerful people come
and make huge decisions and these decision
actually anchors the whole country making sure
21

Decorative Elements
The decorative element on the wall, handrail,
partitions, floor and doors are being done by
wood carving, metal carving, glass carving and
glass etching but the designs are all based on
traditional Malay carving motifs. The basic
design of traditional Malay carving is the awan
larat (‘extending clouds’), floral and stalks of
leaves. There are 4 things to be taken notes, the
design element must be evenly distributed in
the
composition, the empty or uncarved area
should be the same as carved areas, never
portray animals or humans and secondary design
elements should be repeated around the
central motif. This traditional Malay carving
was added later on in order to show the culture
of Malaysia but it was actually contradict
with the architectural style of the Parliament
building which is modern.
Wood carving on the wall
Metal carving for the column
Glass carving of floral motif
pattern
Pewter carving for door
Floral motif on carpet.
22

Decorative Elements
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s (‘The Head of State of Malaysia’) waiting room
The decoration of area that used by The YDPA is different
compare to other areas in order to show the different
Wall decoration of the YD-
PA’s waiting room
Wall decoration of the
The handrail for
the staircase
which only used
by the YDPA and
his consorts.
There are gold
paint on the motif
which other handrail
does not have.
The handrail from
one of the staircase
which only
made of wood
with carvings
and metal.
Carving wall decoration of the YDPA’s wait-
The handle of the door
where the YDPA will use
when he want to enter
the Parliament building.
23

Statues
There are two significant statues in this parliament
building. One is the lion statue which is a
gift from the Queen of United Kingdom and the
other one is The Tunku Abdul Rahman’s statue.
The Tunku Abdul Rahman’s statue was erected
near the parliament square whereas the lion
statue is situated near to the foundation stone
of the parliament building. Tunku Abdul Rahman
Putra Al-Haj is the first Prime Minister of
Malaysia and he is the one who suggested the
construction of the Houses of Parliament in
December 1959.
Lion statue
Statue of Tunku Abdul Rahman
24

Conclusion
The Malaysia House Of Parlimen has some of the most prominent characteristicsof Modernism and International Style with the extensive use of reinforced
concrete and steel structure. The international style had definitely infused with the local influences ending up having pineapple skin-like shell for
the facade treatment and the pinnacles drew inspiration from the gabled roof of the Vernacular style architecture, “ Ruman Melaka”.
The most special finishes used for the building is the terrazo. As you can see the whole pineapple skin facade is covered with terrazo finishes. The building
is a reinforced concrete frame building, constructed with skeletal construction method. It provides a cage or skeleton for supports, a lightweight construction
method. The building also adapted the element from most famous master of modernism, Le Corbusier , the brise soleil. It is a sun shading device,
which is a better option than heavily glazed facade. It is very applicable to the building based on Malaysia’s climate.
One of the most important components found in the House of Parliament is the stairs. In the building there is a stair built especially for the Agong himself
only and only he can get access to it, and the stairs found in the building mostly have timber balustrade that come in one piece and spiral staircase are
supported by timber spines. The column found in the building are huge and there is no flat surface on it. The huge columns to create stability as to give
others the impression of power and elegance when it comes to the House of Parliament.
We find this building very unique as the construction method used and elements applied towards the building perfectly showed the modernist style and
based on the technology back then the construction was quite hard but still they had managed to successfully built it and it could still be maintained till
now. It is truly a national building to be proud of.
Left: A group
photo with
our Paliment
visit guide Mr.
Black.
Right: With
Mr. Saiful at
the JKR office
along with
members from
another group
25

Reference
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THE STRENGTH AND RESILIENCE OF THE MALAYSIAN PARLIAMENT BUILDING – CELEBRATING 50 YEARS . (n.d.). . Retrieved , from
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