catalogue text.indd - Sanders of Oxford

French and German edition of the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum were published in 1572, and a further twenty-five editions
were printed before Ortelius’ death in 1598. As well as a cartographer, whose stunning works contributed heavily
to advances in sixteenth-century cartography, Ortelius is also remembered as a prophet, as he was the first person to
propose the theory of continental drift in his Synonymia Geographica, 1578.
John Speed (1552 - 1629) is the most famous of all English cartographers primarily as a result of The Theatre of the
Empire of Great Britaine, the first atlas of the British Isles. The maps from this atlas are the best known and most
sought-after of all county maps. The maps were derived mainly from the earlier prototypes of Christopher Saxton
and Robert Morden but with notable improvements including parish “Hundreds” and county boundaries, town plans
and embellishments such as the coats of arms of local Earls, Dukes, and the Royal Household. The maps are famed
for their borders consisting of local inhabitants in national costume and panoramic vignette views of major cities and
towns. An added feature is that regular atlas copies have English text printed on the reverse, giving a charming description
of life in the early seventeenth century of the region. The overall effect produced very decorative, attractive
and informative maps.
For the publication of this prestigious atlas Speed turned to the most successful London print-sellers of the day, John
Sudbury and George Humble. William Camden introduced the leading Flemish engraver, Jodocus Hondius Sr. to John
Speed in 1607 because first choice engraver William Rogers had died a few years earlier. Work commenced with the
printed proofs being sent back and forth between London and Amsterdam for correction and was finally sent to London
in 1611 for publication. The work was an immediate success and the maps themselves being printed for the next
150 years.
Speed was born in 1552 at Farndon, Cheshire. Like his father before him he was a tailor by trade, but around 1582 he
moved to London. During his spare time Speed pursued his interests of history and cartography and in 1595 his first
map of Canaan was published in the “Biblical Times”. This raised his profile and he soon came to the attention of poet
and dramatist Sir Fulke Greville a prominent figure in the court of Queen Elizabeth. Greville as Treasurer of the Royal
Navy gave Speed an appointment in the Customs Service giving him a steady income and time to pursue cartography.
Through his work he became a member of such learned societies as the Society of Antiquaries and associated with the
likes of William Camden Robert Cotton and William Lambarde. He died in 1629 at the age of seventy-seven.
Publishers
The lithographer and publisher Rudolph Ackermann was born in Saxony in 1764. He moved to London in 1787 and
later established a business as a coachmaker at 7 Little Russell Street, Covent Garden. In 1796, having already published
the first of many books of carriage designs, he moved to 96 Strand where he ran a drawing school for ten years.
The following year, Ackermann moved to 101 Strand (known, from 1798, as The Repository of Arts) where he sold
old master paintings and artists’ supplies as well as prints. In 1803, 220 Strand was given as his address in a print
published that year. The Microcosm of London (1808-10) and the monthly Repository of Arts (1809-29) established
his reputation for fine colour plate books. From 1816, he began to publish lithographs. Ackermann always maintained
links with his native Germany, and in the 1820s, he also opened outlets in Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Argentina,
and Peru. In 1832, he handed the running of the business over to his second son George and his younger brothers, who
traded as Ackermann & Co.at 106 The Strand until 1861. Ackermann also established a print business for his eldest
son Rudolph at 191 Regent Street.
John Browne (1741 - 1801) was an English engraver and publisher. The son of a Norfolk clergyman, Browne was
educated in Norwich, and in 1756 was sent to London, where he was placed with John Tinney the engraver. William
Woollett was his fellow apprentice. Browne’s reputation grew in 1768 when he exhibited the engraving ‘St. John
Preaching in the Wilderness’, after Salvator Rosa. In 1770 he was made an associate engraver of the Royal Academy.
Browne is best-known as an engraver of landscapes, which were often published by John Boydell.
The firm of Day & Haghe was one of the most prominent lithographic companies of the nineteenth-century. They
were also amongst the foremost pioneers in the evolution of chromolithography. The firm was established in 1823 by
William Day, but did not trade under the moniker of Day & Haghe until the arrival of Louis Haghe in 1831. In 1838,
Day & Haghe were appointed as Lithographers to the Queen. However, and perhaps owing to the fact that there was
never a formal partnership between the two, Haghe left the firm in the 1850’s to devote himself to watercolour painting.
The firm continued as Day & Son under the guidance of William Day the younger (1823 - 1906) but, as a result of
a scandal involving Lajos Kossuth, was forced into liquidation in 1867. Vincent Brookes bought the company in the
same year, and would produce the caricatures for Gibson Bowles’ Vanity Fair magazine, as well as the illustrations for