IWMP-9 - Commissionerate of Rural Development Gujarat State ...

Detailed Project Report 

Kumbhariya 

IWMP-9 

District Watershed Development Unit- Rajkot

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table of Contents 

Chapter 1 Project Background 11 

1.1 Project Background 12 

Table no. 1: Basic project information 13 

1.2 Need of Watershed Development Programme 13 

Table no. 2: Weightage of the Project 13 

Table No.2.1 Criteria and weightage for selection of watershed 14 

Table no. 3: Watershed information 15 

1.3 Other projects/scheme running in the project villages 16 

Table no.4: Developmental programmes running in the project area: 17 

Table no. 5: Previous Watershed programme in the project area: 17 

Chapter 2 Project Implementing Agency 18 

2.1 Project Implementing Agency 18 

2.2 About District Watershed Development Unit, Rajkot. 19 

2.2.1 The organization and its objectives: 19 

2.2.2 Programmes/projects running in the distric 20 

2.3 SWOT Analysis of the DWDU 21 

Table no. 6: PIA: 22 

Table no. 7: Staff at PIA level: 22 

Chapter 3 Basic Information of the Project Area 23 

3.1. Geography and Geo-hydrology 24 

3.1.1 Land use pattern: 24 

Table no. 8: Land use pattern: 24 

Detailed Project Report: IWMP-IX 

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DWDU, Rajkot 

3.1.2 Soil and topography 24 

Table no. 9: Soil type and topography 25 

Table no. 10: Flood and drought condition 25 

Table no. 11: Soil Erosion 25 

Table no. 11.1: Soil Salinity/Alkalinity (Salinity ingress) 26 

Table: 12. Last six years annual rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature of Maliya Miyana 26 

3.1.3 Slope 27 

Table no. 13: Physiography and relief 27 

3.2 Land and Agriculture 27 

Table no. 14: Land ownership details 28 

Table no. 15: Agriculture 28 

3.2.1 Irrigation 28 

Table no. 16: Irrigation 28 

Table no. 17: Crop details 29 

3.3 Livestock 31 

Table no. 18: Livestock 31 

Table no. 19: Drinking water 32 

Table no. 20: Details of Common Property Resources 32 

3.5 Socio-Economic Profile 33 

3.5.1 Demographic Status 33 

Table no. 21: Demographic information 33 

Table no. 22: Literacy rate 33 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

3.5.2 Migration Pattern 34 

Table no. 23: Migration details 34 

Table no. 24: Poverty 34 

3.5.3 Infrastructure facilities 34 

Table no. 25: Village infrastructure 35 

Table no. 26: Facilities / HH assets 35 

3.5.4 Livelihood pattern 35 

Table no. 27: Per capita Income 35 

Table no.28: Dependence on Forest/CPR 36 

Table no. 29: Livelihood pattern (Occupational distribution) 36 

Chapter 4 Watershed Activities 37 

Watershed Activities 38 

4.1. Scientific Planning 38 

Table no. 30: Details of Scientific Planning and Inputs in IWMP projects 45 

4.2. Institution Building 45 

Table no. 31.1: Watershed Committee details (Kumbharia) 47 

Table no. 31.1: Watershed Committee details (Khakherechi) 48 

ii) Self Help Group 49 

Table no. 32: SHG detail 49 

iii) User Group: 51 

Table No. 33: The following types of groups were planned to be formed 51 

Table no. 33: UG detail: 51 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

4.3. Physical activities to be undertaken under IWMP-IX 51 

T able No. 34: Some of the major activities proposed in (Kumbharia) are:: 52 

Tab T able No. 34.1 : Some of the major activities proposed in (Khakherechi) are 53 

Table no.35: Details of activities of preparatory phase (All financial figures in lakh Rs.) 54 

4.3.2. Watershed Development Works: 54 

4.3.2.1 Ridge Area Treatment Plans 54 

1. Contour Bunds / Trench 54 

2. Boulder Checks / Loose Boulder checks 55 

3. Gabions 55 

Drainage line Treatment and water harvesting: 56 

1. Check dams 56 

2. Waste weirs 56 

4.3.2.3 Plains or Flat level/Field level: 57 

1) Farm Pond: 57 

2) Irrigation/Percolation tank 58 

3) Farm bund 58 

4. Afforestation 59 

Table no.36: Activities related to Surface water resources in (Kumbharia).(all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 60 

Table no.36.1: Activities related to Surface water resources in (Khakherechi) (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 60 

Table no.36.4: Activities related to Surface water resources in Cluster IWMP – IX (all financial figures in lakh 60 

Rs.) 

Table no.37: Activities related to recharging ground water resources in the project areas (all financial figures in 61 

lakh Rs.) 

Table no. 38: Activities related to livelihoods by Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the project areas 62 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 39: Other activities of watershed works phase – Proposed target 63 

Table no.40: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: (Kumbharia) 63 

Table no. 40.i: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: (Khakherechi) 64 

Table No 40.1 Technical Details of Contour Bunds / Trench 65 

Table No 40.2: Technical Details of Boulder checks 65 

Table No 40.3: Technical Details of Gabion structures 68 

Table No 40.4: Technical Details/Estimates of Farm Bund 70 

Table No 40.5. Technical Details of Excavation of Trench and raising embankment 71 

Table no 40.5.i, Quantity Calculation of trench and refilling 71 

Table No 40.6 Technical Details of Farm Pond 71 

Table No 40.7 Technical Details of Percolation tank 72 

Table No 40.8 Technical Details of Check dam 73 

Table No 40.9 Technical Details of Waste weir 74 

Table no.41: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works:-Kumabhariya. 76 

Table no.41.1: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works:-Khakherechi 77 

Table No, 41.i, Technical Details of Afforestation Activities 78 

Table No, 41.ii , Cost Estimation for afforestation activity 78 

Table No, 41.iii: Technical Details of Bio-gas 79 

Table no.42: Details of allied / other activities: Kumabhariya. 86 

Table no.42.1: Details of allied / other activities: Khakherechi 87 

Livelihood Intervention 89 

Production System-1: Papad production units 91 

Production System-2: Dairy Buffalo Farming 96 

Production System-3: Fodder bank for Watershed villages 99 


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Table 42.i .Primary Model for A Fodder Bank 101 

Table no: 42.ii: Cost of cultivation for fodder production 102 

Table No. 42.iii, Revenue and return Details 102 

Production System - 4: Vermi composting unit for Project villages 104 

Table: 42.iv Model of a Vermi-compost Unit for 40 beds of Dimension (10mt*1mt*0.3mt) 106 

Table No-42.v: Returns from vermicomposting 107 

Production System – 5 Khadi based industries 109 

Production System – 8: Floriculture 112 

Table No-42.vii: Economics of Marigold cultivation 113 

Table No-42.viii Technical Details of Sunflower Plantation Activities 117 

Production System – 7: Turmeric Cultivation 120 

Table No-42.vi: Economics of turmeric cultivation in 1ha. Area 121 

Table No -43Details of activities in the CPRs in the project areas 123 

4.4 Capacity building and Institutional collaboration 124 

Table no. 44: Institutes Identified for Capacity Building 125 

Table no. 45: Capacity Building plan 126 

Table no.46: Information, Education and Communication Activities 126 

Chapter 5 Budgeting 127 

Table no. 47: Budget at a glance 128 

Table no. 48: Village wise- component wise budget available under IWMP 129 

Table no. 49: Village wise gap in funds requirement 130 

Table no.50: Details of Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes 130 

Chapter 6 Expected Outcome 131 

6.1.1 Employment 132 


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Table no. 52: Employment in Project area 132 

6.1.2 Migration 133 

Table no. 53: Details of seasonal migration from Project area 133 

6.1.3 Ground water table 133 

Table no. 54: Details of average ground water table depth in the project areas (in meters) 133 

6.1.4: Drinking water 134 

Table no. 55: Status of Drinking water 134 

6.1. 5: Crops 134 

Table no. 56: Details of crop area and yield in the project areas 135 

6.1.6 Horticulture 135 

Table no. 57: Area under horticulture 135 

6.1.7 Vegetative cover 136 

Table no. 58: Forest/vegetative cover 136 

6.1.8 Livestock 136 

Table no. 59: Details of livestock in the project areas (for fluids please mention in litres, solids in kg and 136 

income in Rs.) 

Linkages 137 

Table no. 60: Backward-Forward linkages 137 

Logical Framework Analysis 138 

Chapter 7 Quality and Sustainability issues 144 

Plans for Monitoring and Evaluation 145 

Vigilance and Monitoring Committees 146 

Research support in watershed management 146 

Farmer organization and empowerment 146 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Use of traditional institutions and indigenous knowledge 147 

Plans For Project management: 148 

Watershed Development Fund: 148 

Table No. 60. Details of Watershed Development Fund(WDF) 148 

User Charges: 149 

Chapter 8 Mapping 150 

Chapter 8 Mapping 152 

8.1 Base line data 

8.2 Cadastal map 

8.3 Contour map 

8.4 Drainage map 

8.5 Geo hydrology map 

8.6 Soil map 

8.7 Land use and land cover map 

8.8 Slope map 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 1 

PROJECT BACKGROUND 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

1.1 Project Background 

The mill watershed consists of two villages namely, Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi under IWMP-IX cluster which 

are located in Maliya Miyana Taluka of Rajkot District in Gujarat state. The project is a cluster of 9 micro watersheds with 

5H1B6b1b, 5H1B6c1b, 5H1B6c1a, 5H1B6c1c, 5H1B6b1k, 5H1B6b1a, 5H1B6b1e, 5H1B6b1c and 5H1B6a2a as their 

respective codes. Watershed code 5H1B6b1b is common to both villages. The total project area of the watershed is about 7700 

ha, out of which 6200 ha is proposed to be treated under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). 

The nearest town is Maliya which is about 20 km from the project area and well connected by pucca road. The project 

area is very near to the salty deserts of Rann of Kuttch. In the watershed village Patel, Darbar, Rabari, Koli, Muslims and 

Harijan communities are the primary inhabitants of the village. The villagers mainly depend upon agriculture or working in 

diamond polishing shops, ceramic industries in Morbi city. The Rabari community mainly depends upon dairying. Agriculture 

is totally dependent on rain. There are hardly 2 to 3 wells in the project area as salinity is the main problem in the watershed 

villages. Drinking water mainly comes from the Narmada canal supply. Due to salinity in soil horticultural plants don't survive. 

The visible trees in the farmlands are Neem, Babool, Bor and Lemon. 

The watershed falls under desert area. The village was heavily affected by a massive earth quake on Jan 26, 2001 the 

epicentre of which was Bhuj (Kutch). This has resulted in post-relief activities in the area, especially the newly constructed 

cement brick houses. 

Table no. 1: Basic project information 

Sl. 

No 

Name of 

the 

project 

Name 

Villages 

Census 

code 

Gram 

Panchayats 

Taluka District Area of 

the 

project 

Area 

proposed 

to be 

treated 

Total 

project 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

1 IWMP- Kumbhariya 00621000 Kumbhariya Maliya 

2 IX Khakhrechi 00623300 Khakhrechi Miyana 

5679.80 5179.80 776.97 

1.2 Need of Watershed Development Programme 

PIA 

Rajkot 2020.20 1020.20 153.03 DWDU 

Rajkot 

Watershed Development Programme is selected on the basis of thirteen parameter namely Poverty Index, Percentage of 

SC/ST, Actual wages, Percentage of small and marginal farmers, Ground water status, Moisture Index, Area under rain fed 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

agriculture, Drinking water situation in the area, Percentage of degraded land, Productivity potential of land, Continuity of 

another watershed that has already developed/treated, Cluster Approach for hilly terrain. Based on these thirteen parameter a 

composite ranking has been given to the watershed project as given in Table no. 3. 

The total number of families under BPL is 72, which is less than 20 per cent of total households of the village. Hence a 

score of 2.5 is allotted. The percentage of schedule castes in the village is less than 20 per cent to the total population; hence a 

score of 3 is allotted. Rain fed agriculture forms the primary occupation of the village due to the fact that ground water is saline 

and hence unfit for usage. More than 60 per cent of the farmers are small and marginal by nature and the actual wages earned 

by the labour is less than the minimum wages hence a composite rank of 3, 5 and. 5 are allotted respectively. 

Since the rainfall received is erratic and irregular, the moisture index is low and the area is classified under DDP block. 

Drinking water is problematic in the village as salt intrusion is there from the Arabian sea making the water saline. Majority of 

land is degraded due to inherent salinity and ingress of salt from Rann of Kutch. The soil is very permeable and production of 

the land can be significantly enriched with the availability of timely irrigation. The two watersheds in the project cover a total 

area of 6200 Ha. Thus a cumulative score of 78.5.All the parameters were taken together to give a cumulative score of 78.5 to 

the watershed. 

Table no. 2: Weightage of the Project 

Project name Project 

type 

Weightage 

i ii iii iv V vi vii viii ix 

X 

xi xii xiii 

IWMP-IX Desert 2.5 3 5 5 3 15 5 5 5 5 10 15 0 

Table No.2.1 Criteria and weightage for selection of watershed 

S. 

No 

i 

Criteria 

Poverty index (% of poor 

to population) 

Maxi 

mum 

Ranges & scores 

score 

10 Above 80 % (10) 80 to 50 % (7.5) 50 to 20 % (5) Below 

20 % 

(2.5) 

ii % of SC/ ST population 10 More than 40 % (10) 20 to 40 % (5) Less than 20 % (3) 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

iii Actual wages 5 Actual wages are 

significantly lower than 

minimum wages (5) 

Actual wages are 

equal to or higher 

than minimum 

wages (0) 

iv % of small and marginal 10 More than 80 % (10) 50 to 80 % (5) Less than 50 % (3) 

farmers 

v Ground water status 5 Over exploited (5) Critical (3) Sub critical (2) Safe (0) 

vi Moisture index/ 

DPAP/ DDP Block 

15 -66.7 & below (15) 

DDP Block 

-33.3 to -66.6 (10) 

DPAP Block 

0 to -33.2 (0) 

Non DPAP/ DDP 

vii 

Area under rain-fed 

agriculture 

Block 

15 More than 90 % (15) 80 to 90 % (10) 70 to 80% (5) Above 

70 % 

(Reject) 

viii Drinking water 10 No source (10) Problematic village 

(7.5) 

ix Degraded land 15 High – above 20 % (15) Medium – 10 to 20 

% (10) 

x Productivity potential of 

the land 

xi 

xii 

Contiguity to another 

watershed that has already 

been developed/ treated 

Cluster approach in the 

plains (more than one 

contiguous microwatersheds 

in the project) 

15 Lands with low 

production & where 

productivity can be 

significantly enhanced 

with reasonable efforts 

(15) 

10 Contiguous to previously 

treated watershed & 

contiguity within the 

microwatersheds in the 

project (10) 

15 Above 6 microwatersheds 

in cluster (15) 

Lands with 

moderate production 

& where 


enhanced with 

reasonable efforts 

(10) 

Contiguity within 

the microwatersheds 

in the project but 

non contiguous to 

previously treated 

watershed (5) 

4 to 6 

microwatersheds in 

cluster (10) 

xiii Cluster approach in the 15 Above 5 micro- 3 to 5 2 to 3 

Partially covered 

(5) 

Low- less than 10 

% of TGA (5) 

Lands with high 

production & where 


marginally 

enhanced with 

reasonable efforts 

(5) 

Neither contiguous 

to previously 

treated watershed 

nor contiguity 

within the 


the project (0) 

2 to 4 


cluster (5) 

Fully 

covered 

(0) 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

hills (more than one 

contiguous microwatersheds 

in the project) 

watersheds in cluster (15) microwatersheds in 

cluster (10) 


cluster (5) 

Total 150 150 90 41 2.5 

Table no. 3: Watershed information 

Name of the project No. of watersheds to be 

treated 

Watershed code 

Kumbhariya 4 5H1B6c1a, 5H1B6c1b, 5H1B6b1b 

5H1B6c1c 

Khakhrechi 6 5H1B6b1k, 5H1B6b1a, 5H1B6b1e 

5H1B6b1c, 5H1B6b1b, 5H1B6a2a 

Watershed 

regime/type/order 

Milli watershed 

Milli watershed 

1.3 Other projects/scheme running in the project villages 

(1) NREGS: Two check dams cum deepening completed and one checkdam is under progress in Kumbhariya,no work has 

been started under NREGA in Khakhrechi village. 

(2) Prehariyali/ Hariyali watershed programme: Under the DDP project an area of 1000 ha in Kumbhariya and 500 ha in 

Khakhrechi have been treated where all activities related to soil and water conservation measures have been taken care. 

Four solar street-lamps installed so far under DDP to promote non conventional source of energy in Kumhariya. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

(3) Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC): Eight individual toilets has been constructed under TSC programme in 

Kumbhariya and 20 in Khakhrechi.So total of 28 toilets have been constructed in the cluster villages. All the remaining 

house hold will be covered under this scheme. 

(4) Indira Awas Yojana: (Total 26 house has been constructed in the both villages(6 in Kumbhariya and 20 in Khakhrechi) 

under IAY. 

(5) 189 no of beneficiaries have been benefitted with a house under Earthquake rehabilation programme in Kumbhariya and 

in Khakhrechi 391 in Khakhrechi. In this programmme Govt of Gujarat has provided a subsidy of Rs. 90000 to each 

beneficiary .Also 287 houses in Khakhrechi by NGO Asadeep and 20 by NGO ANANDI has been constructed. 

(6) WASMO: In Kumbhariya all the houses get water by tap connection under WASMO programme. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.4: Developmental programmes running in the project area 

SI 

no 

Name of the 

programme/scheme 

Sponsoring 

agency 

Objectives of the 

programme/scheme 

Year of 

commencement 

Villages 

covered 

Estimated 

number of 

beneficiaries 

1 WASMO Govt of Gujarat Water tank 2009 1 224 

2 NREGS CRD Employment 2009 1 66 

3 IAY CRD Housing 2005 2 26 

4 Awas Yojana (Earthquake) Govt of Gujarat Housing 2001 2 580 

5 Awas Yojana (Earthquake) NGO Housing 2001 2 307 

4 DDP-5,12 Central Govt. Desert Area Development 1999-2006 2 614 

Table no. 5: Previous Watershed programmes in the project area 

SI 

n o 

Project 

name 

Year 

starte 

d 

Name 

of 

villages 

No. Of 

micro 

watershed 

Watershed 

codes 

Area 

under 

treatment 

(ha) 

Funding 

source 

Nodal 

agency 

PIA Total 

cost 

Expenditure 

incurred up 

to start of 

IWMP 

% 

financial 

completi 

on 

% 

physical 

completi 

on 

1 Pre- 

Haryal 

il 

2 Haryal 

il 

3 Pre- 

Hariyal 

i 

1999 Kumbh 

ariya 

2006 Kumbh 

ariya 

1999 Khakhr 

echi 

1 Partly 

5H1B6c1a 

1 Partly 

5H1B6c1c 

2 Partly 

5H1B6b1b 

500 Govt. DWD 

U 

500 Govt. DWD 

U 

500 Govt. DWD 

U 

ORP 

AT 

21.12 21.12 100 100 

Talu 30.00 19.23 64 64 

ka 

panc ORP 21.12 21.12 100 100 

h. AT 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 2 

PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

2.1 Project Implementing Agency 

The Project Implementing Agency (PIA) is being selected by an appropriate mechanism by State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA). 

PIAs would be responsible for implementation of watershed project. These PIAs may include relevant line departments, 

autonomous organizations under State/ Central Governments, Government Institutes/ Research bodies, Intermediate 

Panchayats, Voluntary Organizations (VOs).The PIA of IWMP-IX watershed Project is District watershed development Unit, 

Rajkot. 

2.2 About District Watershed Development Unit, Rajkot. 

2.2.1 The organization and its objectives: 

The District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU), Rajkot is a district level nodal agency and was established on 12th June 

2008 under constitution of Para 30 of new guideline, to oversee for the smooth implementation of watershed projects in the 

district. The District Development Officer (DDO) is the chairman of the DWDU. The DWDU have dedicated and experience 

staffs comprising one Project Manager (deputation from Gujarat Forest Department), a technical expert (on contract basis) and 

multidisciplinary team of civil engineer, agriculture expert, community mobilization expert and computer operator. The 

remaining staff i.e. MIS coordinator, system analyst, Livestock specialist will be recruited very soon. The DWDU Rajkot has its 

own rented office near Junction plot 5, Prakash Niketan. 

The functions of DWDU: 

a) Take up the over all responsibility of facilitating preparation of strategic and annual action plans for watershed development 

projects in the district. 

b) Providing professional and technical support to Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) in planning and execution of 

watershed development projects. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

c) Develop action plans for capacity building with close involvement of resource organizations to execute the capacity building 

action plans. 

d) Carry out regular monitoring, evaluation and learning. 

e) Ensure smooth flow of funds to watershed development projects. 

f) Ensure timely submission of required documents to SLNA/Nodel Agency of the Department at central level. 

g) Facilitate and co-ordination with relevant programmes of agriculture, horticulture, rural development, animal husbandry, etc 

with watershed development and convergence plans for enhancement of productivity and livelihoods interventions for asset less 

persons. 

h) Integrate and co-ordinate watershed development projects/plans into district plans of the district planning committees. 

i) Establish and maintain the District Level Date Cell and link it to the State Level and National Level Data Centre. 

Moreover, the DWDU, Rajkot is working as a PIA for three IWMP projects. 

2.2.2 Programmes/projects running in the district 

At present nine IWMP projects have been sanctioned by Government of India for the Rajkot district. The entry point activities 

of all the nine IWMP projects have identified by the respective PIAs in the district. Rajkot Normal Forest Division as PIA for 

the four projects (IWMP-IV, V, VII & VIII), Rajkot Social Forest division as PIA for two (IWMP-I & VI) projects and 

DWDU-self is as PIA for the three projects (IWMP-II, III & IX). 

Apart from running nine IWMP projects, total 748 pre-Hariyali & Hariyali projects (DDP & IWDP) has been sanctioned and 

out of that 348 projects are completed and 400 projects are still running in the district. DWDU Rajkot is also monitoring a 

central government sponsored scheme on "Artificial Recharge of Groundwater through Dug wells" in the district which is 

spread over nine talukas. 

2.3 SWOT Analysis of the DWDU 

Strength: 

(1) Dedicated and experience staffs and multidisciplinary team 

(2) Independent District Level Nodal Agency. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

(3) Strong linkages with national and state level institutions, agricultural universities, Sourastra University, KVK and NGOs for 

capacity building and technical guidance 

(4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of BISAG, Gandhinagar 

(5) District level monitoring, coordination Committee 

(6) Well establishment of PRIs for social audits for transparency and accountability. 

Weakness: 

(1) Insufficient funds to complete watershed projects per hectare. 

(2) Permanent staff is less in numbers. 

(3) No permanent office building. 

Opportunities: 

(1) Sustainable livelihood generation for landless and asset less persons. 

(2) Improvement of socio-economic status of poor. 

(3) Awareness generation among the beneficiaries through information, education and communication activities. 

(4) Reduction in migration rate. 

(5) Usage of new technologies of watershed modeling and GPS for monitoring of watershed activities. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Threats: 

(1) Shallow soil depth that make difficult for horticultural plants in fields. 

(2) Lack of sustainable agricultural development package. 

(3) Lack of voluntary contribution and cooperation from local peoples. 

(4) One of the foreseen challenges was "to overcome vested interests (including party politics, village factions) at village level 

and to reach out to the poorest in the watersheds" 

Table no. 6: PIA Detail: 

SI. No. Name of project Details of PIA 

Type of organization 

District Level Nodal Agency 

Name of Organisation 

DWDU, Rajkot 

1 IWMP-IX 

Designation and Address 

Project Manager.DWDU, Rajkot 

[ii) Telephone Name of organization 

0281-2454682 

(iii) Fax Designation & Address 0281-2453684 

(ivj E-mail Telephone 

rajdwdu@gmail.com 

Table no. 7: Staff at PIA level: 

(v) (vi) 

E-mail Fax 

SI Name Age Sex Designation Qualification Experie Job assigned Monthly 

no 

nce 

remuneration 

1 Mr. B.M RABARI 55 M Project Manager GFS 28 Project 

50000 

Management 

2 Mr. R.C. GOSWAMI 42 M WDT (Engg.) B.E (Civil) 3.5 Engineering works 10000 

3 Mr. P.S SOLANKI 32 M WDT ( Agri.) B.R.S 4 Agriculture 8000 

4 Ms. S.DIMPAL 21 F WDT (CO) B.Sc (H.S) 0.8 Community 8000 

5 Mr A.KARELIYA 23 M Surveyor I.T.I (Surveyor) 2 Mobilisation 

Surveying 6000 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 3 

Basic Information of Project Area 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

3.1. Geography and Geo-hydrology 

3.1.1 Land use pattern: 

The net geographical area of Kumbhariya & Khakhrechi watershed is about 7700 ha out of which 0.27% is forest area. Which is 

about 21.10 ha. About 77.15 % of land is under agriculture which is almost rain fed, mainly a Kharif crop is taken. About 81 % 

of the total land is classified under watershed of which 60 percent is cultivable and 40 percent is uncultivable. The watershed 

consists of ubiquitous babul, shrub like and spreading all the way to far horizon. It was mainly planted to stop the spread of 

desert. 

Table no. 8: Land use pattern: 

S. No. 

Names of 

villages 

Geographical 

Area of the village 

Forest Area 

(ha) 

Land under 

agricultural 

use 

Rain fed 

area 

(ha) 

Permane 

nt 

Pastures 

Wasteland 

Cultivable Non-cultivable 

1 Kumbhariya 2020.20 ha 0 1450.2 1232.67 0 540.10 29.90 

2 Khakhrechi 5679.80 ha 21.10 4489.1 3815.74 0 540.1 971.20 198.40 

3 Total 7700.00 ha 21.10 5939.30 ha 5048.41 0 1511.30 228.30 

3.1.2 Soil and topography 

Cultivable 

Nearly 84 % of the geographical are is comprised of shallow to medium deep black cotton soils having depth upto 0.6-0.75 mt 

top soil. Rest 16 % is either sandy loam or moorum soil. The soil is slightly reddish to very brown in surface colour. By large 

soils are well drained with moderate water holding capacity. From sustainable development perspectives, what is alarming 

the steady decline in the soil quality due to sheet erosion. There has a considerable reduction in the application of farm yard 

manure resulting in reduced in moisture retention capacity and porosity in the soils. Generally the organic carbon content too is 

very low. Lack of water conservation measures at the field and at the community level has led to the acceleration of 

environmental degradation. The increasing dependency on external input has increased the vulnerability of agriculture such that 

even small stresses and fluctuations in the environment lead to instability and threatens farming livelihoods. The topography of 

the area is moderate ranging from 0-10 % slope. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 9: Soil type and topography 

S. No. Name of the Agro-climatic 

zone covers project area 

1 

Area in ha 


village 

Major soil types 

a)Type 

Saurashrata 2020.20 Kumbhariya Black cotton and 

sandy loam 

2 5679.80 Khakhrechi Black cotton and 

sandy loam 

Topography 

b] Area in 

ha 

1700 Flat to moderate 

slope 

4384 Flat to moderate 

slope 

Table no. 10: Flood and drought condition 

SI no Village Flood (Incidence) Drought (Incidence) 

1 Kumbhariya Nil Once in 3 Years 

2 Khakrechi Nil Once in 3 Years 

Table no. 11: Soil Erosion 

Cause Type of erosion Area affected (ha) Run off (mm/ year] Average soil loss (Tonnes/ 

ha/ year) 

Water erosion 

a Sheet 3234.0 679.14 

b Rill 1347.5 67.375 

c Gully 924.0 13.86 

d Ravenous - 525 - 

Sub-Total 5505.5 760.375 

Wind erosion - NA - 

Total 5505.5 760.375 

Table no. 11.1: Soil Salinity/Alkalinity (Salinity ingress) 

Name of the Village Survey Number Soil pH 

Type of Salinity 

(Inherent/Ingress) 

Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi Around 30 % of land 8.7 Ingress 

Table: 12. Last six years annual rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature of Maliya Miyana taluka 


24

DWDU, Rajkot 

SI. No. Year Rainfall (in mm) Temperature (°C) 

Max. 

Min. 

1 2004 428 41 9 

2 2005 591 43 12 

3 

4 

2006 

2007 

848 

686 

Max. 

44 

45 

8.7 

10.3 

5 2008 491 44 11 

6 2009 421 45 13 

The project area is completely dependent on rainfall. The rainfall is scanty which has resulted in recurrent phenomenon of 

drought two to three years. The average rainfall of this area is about 750 mm. The area faces continual crop failure that comes 

on whenever there is a shortfall in the total quantum of rain. However, even more serious are the gaps in rain even in years 

when the total rainfall is considered normal. These gaps at crucial periods in the crop growth cycle can prove fatal for the crop. 

However, through careful water harvesting, in-situ moisture conservation and a drought-proofing strategy of dry land 

agriculture, these gaps can easily be plugged and the crops saved. 

3.1.3 Slope 

The slope of the watershed was calculated based on topographic elevation (contours and spot height) from satellite maps and 

provided by BISAG, Gandhinagar. These maps will help in recommendation/implementation of suitable land management 

practices in association of other thematic information. 

Table no. 13: Physiography and relief 

Project name Elevation Slope range (%) Major streams 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Kumbhariya 0-15 meters 0-10% Nesada wado 

Khakhrechi 0-10 meters 0-10% Bo Bodi, Rawarsar, Phatsar, Ghodadhroy 

3.2 Land and Agriculture 

The average land holding is about 6.9 ha. The total net sown area is 1020.13 ha where in more than 35 ha, 2 times farming is 

done in Kumbhariya. The total net sown area is 3452.05 ha where in more than 61 ha, 2 times farming is done in Khakhrechi. 

TThe main crops under agriculture are cotton, groundnut, wheat, cumin and jawar. Some of the farmers take up rainfed castor if 

the rains are good. Now a days farmers has started growing vegetables on small patches of lands in Khakhrechi (Rabi)season 

for which water is fetched either from the seepage of near by canal. 

The land conservation measures such as earthen bunds and farm bunds in the area will help them to take up a rabi crop of gram 

or cumin in the residual moisture. Since last 3-4 yrs Bt. cotton farming taking place at a higher rate. 

Table no. 14: Land ownership details 

Sl 

Total owned land 

HHs giving HHs taking land 

Village 

no 

Gen OBC SC ST land on lease on lease 

1 Kumbhariya 97 28 6 0 0 0 

2 Khakhrechi 360 52 18 0 0 0 

3 Total 457 80 24 0 0 0 

Table no. 15: Agriculture 

Sl no Village Net sown area (ha) 

One time Two times Three times 

1 Kumbhariya 1020.13 36 - 

2 Khakhrechi 3452.05 64.5 - 

3 Total 4472.18 100.5 - 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

3.2.1 Irrigation 

The irrigated area is 169 ha, which is 2.5 % of the total agricultural area of the village. Main source of irrigation is from 

previously constructed dugout ponds or by using the seepage water from the nearby canal in Khakhrechi. A few farmers of 

Khakhrechi get irrigation to their field by check dams and from earthen dams which were previously constructed by different 

departments. Some farmers of Kumbhariya get water for irrigation from the main dugout pond cum earthen dam, which is 

situated on the north side of the village. 

Table no. 16: Irrigation 

SI Village Source 1 : Canal Source 2 : Pond/Earthen dam Source 3 : Check dam 

no 

Availability Net area Gross Availability Net area Gross Availability Net area Gross 

months 

area 

(ha) area 

(ha) area 

1 Kumbhariya - - - 19 nos/4month 60 - 3 nos/4month 4 - 

2 Khakhrechi - 

- - 28 nos/4month 98 - 10 nos/4month 7 - 

3 Total Availability 

- 

- - 47 nos/4month 158 - 13 nos/4month 11 --- 

months - 

- 

Crop details and Productivity: The productivity is low not because that the land is unproductive or the farmer's lack the 

skills to managing their crop but it is due lack of source of irrigation, salty water and scarcity of rain. 

The cluster villages come under draught prone zone. So farmers grow crop according to the rainfall. If they get good rainfall 

they generally grow high value crops as discussed above. In case of low rainfall they go for cotton, castor, and pearl millet. So we can 

say that monsoon decides cropping patterns of the project villages. 

Table no. 17: Crop details 

Sl 

n Village 

Kharif (Monsoon) 

o 

Crop 1 Cotton Kg/Ha 

Crop 

Crop 

Castor 

2 

3 

Sesame Kg/Ha 

Area Productio Productivit Area Productio Productivit Area Productio Productivit 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

1 

Kumbhariy 

a 

2 Khakhrechi 

n y n y n y 

347.2 

62.8 

610.05 643480 1054.79 

383933 1105 

55035.72 875.25 

0 

8 

3452.0 

319.1 

3552815 1029.19 

351065 1100 28 23100 825 

5 

5 

Sl 

no 

Village 

Rabi (Winter) 

Crop 

Crop 

Crop 

Wheat 

Q/Ha Jowar 

1 

2 

3 

Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity 

1 Kumbhariya 35 31850 910 1 120.5 12005 - - - 

2 Khakhrechi 61 52765 865 3.5 437.5 12500 - - - 

Reasons of Low productivity of various crops 

Over a period of time by continuous usage of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides, there is deterioration in the quality of 

soil particularly reduction of carbon content and increase of salinity. One of the reasons ascribed to low response of biofertilizers 

in dry lands is their low status of soil organic matter. Rejuvenation of soil characteristics is an important area to 

tackle, with specific emphasis on recovery of its nutritional value. More thrust need to be given on adopting methods such 

as multi-cropping, rotation of crops and organic farming. Organic farming, nutrient management continues to be a focal 

issue in dry lands as the fertilizer use is not likely to pick up significantly unless water supply is assured. Soil fertility in dry 

lands can be sustained only through maintenance of organic matter and achieving better fertilizer-use efficiency through 

integration of moisture-conservation practices along with soil-fertility management. 

Quality of Seeds: Good quality seed, fertilizer and pesticide are important factor in agriculture productivity. The use of good 

quality leads to higher land productivity. In project villages, however, there are two limitations in the use of fertilizer. First 

these fertilizers are most useful in irrigated condition. The agricultural land of the cluster villages however totally depend on 


28

DWDU, Rajkot 

rainfall. In villages mostly farmers use nitrogenous fertilizers especially urea. This has resulted in disproportionate use of 

fertilizer depleting the quality of land. 

Salinity: The soil has salinity and the environmental temperature gradient is high. This should be achieved through production 

of salinity tolerant and temperature tolerant seeds. In addition, seeds also have to be resistant to the stress induced by the 

residual effect of the pesticides and insecticides. Agricultural extension workers in partnership with district authorities have to 

ensure that certified quality seeds alone reach the farmers like fertilizer, so that they are not subjected to unexpected reduced 

output and related losses 

Traditional farming methods: This is the factor that leads low productivity. There is lot of ignorance about the use of new 

farming methods and technologies such as multiple cropping. 

Erratic/Low rainfall: The Villagers mainly depend on monsoon. Without monsoon they cannot get any crop because irrigation water 

is salty .Water is essential input in agriculture. Due to the absence of proper irrigation facility, 100% of the total cultivated area 

depends on the uncertain 

monsoon. Therefore the success or failure of the monsoon determines the success or failure of agriculture production. The 

rains, as a source of irrigation, are unreliable due to two factors; 

Untimely Rainfall: The rains are sometimes received when the crops are ready for harvesting. The ready crop may be ruined 

due to untimely rain. 

Inadequate Rainfall: The dependence on the uncertain rainfall is a factor that contributes to low productivity of land. 

 

Lack of Rural Credit: Farmers face so many problems for rural credit and it leads to low agricultural productivity. Farmers 

need credit mainly for the purchase of various inputs such as seed, fertilizers, and pesticides and for repair of implements. 

They use long term credit for buying land, and for investment to improve the quality of land, buying the new implements and 

improving irrigation facilities. 

3.3 Livestock 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

The cluster villages have total of 344 cows and 240 number of buffaloes out of which majority are of local breed, there are 

seventeen bullock, 222 goats 148 sheep and 203 animals in others category. Due saline water at a shallow depth and surface 

water has reduced the fodder and pasture area for their animals. This leads to heavy migration to other parts of the state with 

their herds of goats and sheep. The productivity of the dairy animals is so low that there is no dairy cooperative in the village. 

Table no. 18: Livestock 

SI Village Buffalo Cow Total Milk Goat Sheep Bullock Hen Other 

no 

(Buffalo+Cow 

s 

No Milk No Milk ] 

No Milk 

1 Kumbhariya 70 11869 265 16436 28305 90 - 111 16 - 155 

2 Khakhrechi 240 30537 344 16443 46980 222 148 17 - 203 

Total 310 42406 609 32879 75285 312 - 259 33 - 358 

3.4 Drinking water 

Drinking water is the one of the major problem in the watershed villages due to salinity ingress. Main causes of increase in 

salinity on the coastal plain may be due to individual or combined effects of inherent salinity, tidal effect, irrigation by 

saltwater and by seawater intrusion due to extensive pumping. Rann of Kutch Coastal area is one of the salinity affected 

areas mainly due to sea-water intrusion from last two-three decades. 

Table no. 19: Drinking water 

SI no Village Ground water table (mt) Source of drinking water Availability in months Quality 

1 Kumbhariya 7 mt.(Saline) SSNL Pipe connection 12 Good 

2 Khakhrechi 6-8 mt (Saline) SSNL Pipe connection 12 Good 

Table no. 20: Details of Common Property Resources 

S. 

No 

. 

Name 

s of 

projec 

t 

CPR 

Particulars 

Pvt. 

person 

s 

Total Area (ha) 

Area owned/ In possession of 

Govt. 

(Specify 

dep‟t.) 

PRI 

Any 

other (Pl. 

Specify) 

Area available for treatment (ha) 

Pvt. 

person 

s 

Govt. 

(Specif 

y 

dep‟t.) 

Wasteland/ degraded land - 1188.26 551.34 - 4228 726.86 551.34 - 

Pastures - - 85.4 - - - 45 - 

PRI 

Any 

other 

(Pl. 

Specify) 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Orchards 1 - - - 45 4 5 - 

Forest - 21.10 - - - 10 - - 

Village Ponds 10 37 - - - - - - 

Check dams - 12 - - - 27 - - 

Canal - SSNL - - - - - - 

Community Buildings - 1 6 - - - - - 

Weekly Markets - - - - - - - - 

Permanent markets - 1 - - - - - - 

Temples/ Places of worship - - - 8 - - - - 

3.5 Socio-Economic Profile 

3.5.1 Demographic Status: Cluster villages have total family of 1096 numbers. There are 5525 persons in the project villages 

(From the door to door survey report), out of which 2364 male and 2140 female members. The sex ratio is 892 females to 1000 

males. The average family size is 5.11 percent. Four major caste systems prevail in the village namely: Patel, durbar, rabari and 

harijans. Around 23% of the households of the village belong to SC families. Majority of population is involved in agriculture 

and animal husbandry. 

Table no. 21: Demographic information 

SI no Village Population SC ST 

Total Male Female Total Male Female % Total Male Female % 

1 Kumbhariya 1021 516 505 54 31 23 5.24 0 - - - 

2 Eval Khakhrechi 4504 2364 2140 518 266 252 11.5 0 - - - 

Table no. 22: Literacy rate 

SI no Village Literacy Literacy % above Literacy % below 

Total % Male % Female % age 14 

age 14 

1 Kumbhariya 727 71.20 424 58.33 303 41.68 55.04 44.96 

2 Khakhrechi Total 2162 48 1225 56 937 44 37.05 10.95 

3 Total in Cluster 2889 53 1649 57 1240 43 46 54 

3.5.2 Migration Pattern: The declining yield and product, steady erosion of soil fertility and diminishing returns to the 

farmers and almost zero investment on land development has set in motion a dynamic problem of degradation. Many small 

and marginal seek alternate livelihood means and work as wage labour in nearby areas. Low rainfall results in very little 


31

DWDU, Rajkot 

fodder availability in the locality. On account of agriculture and animal husbandry providing only part time employment for 

some part of the year, the people migrate for a better half of the year for wage labour. Migrate to nearby cities like Morbi, 

Maliya miyana and parts of Suarashtra as daily wages agricultural labours and factory workers. Lack of fodder availability and 

grazing land for smaller ruminant also forces these farmers to migrate to other places. 

Table no. 23: Migration details 

SI no Village Total 

population 

Migration Migration by months Main reason 

Total Male Female Up to 3 3-6 More than 6 for migration 

months months months 

1 Kumbhariya 1021 

Total 

86 60 26 - - 86 

2 Khakhrechi 4504 365 215 150 - - 365 

3 Total 5525 451 275 - 176 - - 451 

Discussed 

above 

Income during 

migration / 

month 

Rs 4500/month 

Table no. 24: Poverty 

SI no Village Total Household BPL % o f B P L 

HH 

Total Land less 

HH 

0-16 16-20 Total 

1 Kumbhariya 224 12 8 20 8.93 93 41.52 

2 Khakhrechi 872 30 22 52 5.9 435 49 

3 Total 1096 0-16 42 30 72 14.83 528 48 

% of land less HH 

3.5.3 Infrastructure facilities 

Both watershed villages are well connected with Maliya miana Taluka with pucca roads. Each village has electricity 

connectivity under Jyotigram Yojana of the State Government. Nearly 90 per cent of households in the villages have their 

personal electric meters. The villages have primary school with all facilities like three personal computers. For middle and 

higher secondary education, the students have to go to Khakhrechi village which is about 5 kilometres away from Kumbhariya. 

The Khakhrechi village has a Primary Health Centre and Kubhariya villagers also depend on it. Each village comes under their 

individual Gram Panchayat with Panchayat office at Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi. 


32

DWDU, Rajkot 


33

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 25: Village infrastructure 

SI Village Pucca Schools Colleg Post Office Banks Distanc Milk Milk Other Any other 

no 

road to LP UP HS es (Distance) (Numb e from collection cooperativ cooperativ institution 

the 

(Num 

er) nearest centre e (Number) es /CBIs 

village 

(Y/N) 

ber) 

market (Number) 

yard 

(Number) 

1 Kumbhariya Y Y N N N 0.5KM 5 KM 40 KM 2 1 1 N 

2 iya Khakhrechi Y Y Y Y N 0.25 KM 1 No 35 KM 2 2 1 N 

Table no. 26: Facilities / HH assets 

SI Village HHs with HHs with HHs with phones HHs with vehicle HHs HHs with HHs with HHs with 

no 

electricity safety Landline Mobile 2 -wheeler 4- with cooking Drinking fridge 

latrines 

wheeler TV set gas water 

1 Kumbhariya 219 56 15 138 74 4 110 39 182 47 

2 Khakhrechi 872 123 25 479 259 9 415 76 745 172 

3 Total 1091 179 Land 40 line 617 333 13 525 115 927 219 

3.5.4 Livelihood pattern: The villagers earn their livelihood from animal husbandry and agriculture and during lean seasons 

they go as daily wage labourers at salt fields to Venasar. Another major occupation of the people is business and service and 

working in ceramic industries and diamond polishing industries. 

Table no. 27: Per capita Income 

SI no Village Agriculture Animal husbandry Casual labour Others(Servi Total 

ces& 

1 Kumbhariya 14667000 1199000 2736000 Business) 1405000 19967000 

2 Khakhrechi 61910100 1174500 9573500 10028800 82686900 

3 Total 76537100 2373500 12309500 11433800 102653900 

Table no.28: Dependence on Forest/CPR 

Benefit type 

Benefit type 

Benefit 

Sl no Village 1 

2 

type 2 

% sells Income % sells Income % sells Income 

Total 

income 


34

DWDU, Rajkot 

1 Kumbhariya NA 

2 Khakhrechi NA 

Table no. 29: Livelihood pattern (Occupational distribution) 

Sl 

no 

Village 

Total 

workforce 

Agriculture 

Animal 

husbandry 

(AH) 

Agriculture 

+ AH 

Agriculture/ 

Casual 

labour 

Services 

Handicraft/ 

Business 

1 Kumbhariya 224 123 21 39 63 5 7 5 

2 Khakhrechi 872 414 37 69 322 25 61 13 

Others 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 4 

WATERSHED ACTIVITIES 


36

DWDU, Rajkot 

Watershed Activities 

Watershed management as a strategy is been adapted by Government of India especially in the rain fed regions of semiarid 

tropics. These regions are characterized by low and undepependable rain, low soil fertility, poor infrastructure 

development, low literacy and high incidence of migration. The inheritant low fertility of crops results in lower productivity of 

crops which have a very low biological efficiency. 

Several studies have identified that there is a dire need of a systematic and scientific approach to deal with watershed 

development. The common guidelines generate a fresh and flexible framework for the next generation watershed development. 

4.1. Scientific Planning: 

i) Cluster Approach 

This envisages a broader vision of Geo-hydrological unit which involves treating a cluster of micro-watershed. The project 

consists of nine microwatersheds namely 5H1B6b1b, 5H1B6c1b, 5H1B6c1a, 5H1B6c1c, 5H1B6b1k, 5H1B6b1a, 5H1B6b1e, 

5H1B6b1c and 5H1B6a2a as their respective codes. 

ii) Base line Survey 

a) Door to Door Survey 

The primary data was generated through questionnaire surveys in all the villages. The questionnaire was structured so as to 

derive the information related to the objectives set forth. Mostly talked to 

• Head of the families 

• Mostly females (between 65% and 70%) 

• Mostly younger adults (Age group : 25 – 44) 

• High School education 

• Sarpanch and Talati of respective Gram Panchayats. 


37

DWDU, Rajkot 

• Farmers, Agricultural labours, Diamond polishing workers, ceramic factory workers and workers of salt producing 

units. 

• Cattle Breeders 

• Landless labour 

The questionnaire was divided into nine modules through which information is extracted pertaining to 

1. Village details 

2. Population details 

3. Water supply details 

4. Water source details within and outside the village 

5. Questions about community engagement 

6. Questions about Livelihood 

7. Awareness about Specific programme: Watershed 

8. Desire to do more activities related to occupation 

9. Productivity of farms 

The secondary data was obtained through Census reports (2001). Data pertaining to social profile is also collected through 

Census reports. Secondary data related to different kinds of capital assets were collected from different departments of 

Government agencies such as Revenue Office, Primary Health Center, Regional Marketing Center, Regional Forest Center 

(Van Sanrakshan Samiti), District Rural development Agency initiative-SGSY Programme office, working on poverty 

alleviation, Village Panchyat, other NGOs and development societies etc. 

b) Field to field Survey: Field to field survey was also carried out in the farms, community land, pasture land and land under 

Gram Panchayat. It also includes the soil profiles, no of wells in the area, crop taken in the field, cropping pattern, fertilizer used 

and various sources of irrigation in the field. The details of agriculture as well as pasture lands of the village where the existing 

condition and structures to be proposed, were written down. Almost all the farmers of the village were there to support the 


38

DWDU, Rajkot 

survey team. The purpose of the survey was also to understand salinity ingress, water availability, patterns of water use and 

peoples‟ understanding & perceptions about both surface and groundwater resources in this area. Village agreements will be 

done on the basis of such detailed work. This also survey looked at the pattern of surface and groundwater use and the basic 

understanding of farmers regarding groundwater recharge and discharge. This understanding was expected to help in improved 

planning for any watershed programme and to develop longer-term protocols of groundwater management in respective areas. 

c) Demand survey: To know about the livelihood pattern of the village and the present status and practice capacities required 

are discussed. Quantitative involved also on possible micro enterprise development for sustainable development of village 

extensively for SC/ST and landless/migrated poor people. 

iii) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) 

In order to understand the social, economic and political aspect of both Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi village of Maliya 

miyana taluka, we conducted Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercise with the help of the villagers on 05 th April 2010 and 

27 th August 2010 respectively. It was really a useful tool to appreciate the village in its totality. We had the opportunity to 

interact with more then 200 numbers of people in Kumbhariya and 270 in Khakhrechi village. To reach a concrete conclusion 

we requested a few villagers for focussed discussion and it was entertained. As per their convenience we conducted focussed 

group discussion at the Panchayat Bhavan ground. In majority of the discussion, we listened to them carefully and tried to 

appreciate the discussion. Output generated through these exercise is placed below. 

(i) Resource Map: - Through resource map we came to know about all the residential pattern of village, community pasture 

land, farm areas, about the river etc. It also gave us a fair idea about the pasture land, other land distribution pattern and 

different resources of the village. 

(ii) Social Map: - After this exercise we came to know the approximate location of different institution of the village. 

During this exercise we also had informal discussions with the participants about the importance of these institutions. Important 

location pointed out during this exercise was Community Centre, Panchayat Bhavan, temple, Primary School etc. We cross 

checked all the location. 


39

DWDU, Rajkot 

(iii) Seasonal Diagram:- With this exercise we came to know about the major engagements of villagers across the twelve 

months of the year. We found that rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry keep them busy at least for seven to eight months 

of the year. About drinking water they informed that, situation in the month of March to June is really difficult. 

(iv) Tree matrix: - We came to know about different trees of the villages and their respective utilities as fruit, fuel, fodder, 

medicine , timber etc. Major trees pointed out by villagers under this exercise were Pipal, Neem, Bor, Lemon etc. Taking into 

consideration all the utilities it was found that the tree having maximum utility is Chiku and lemon. 

(v) Crop Pattern:- Agriculture is the primary source of liveihood for more than 70% household . After this exercise we 

came to know that there are two major cropping pattern Kharif and partially in Rabbi. Under Kharif cotton,castor and sesame 

are grown but under rabbi major crops grown are wheat, jowar chilly and vegetables. 

(vi) Income-Expenditure Pot: - Under this exercise we came to know about the different sources of income of villagers 

and how the money earned by the villagers is being spent under different heads. It was found that major source of earning 

among villagers are farming, dairy, service etc. Major expenditure component were food, fuel, fodder, schooling of children, 

medicines, festivals, relatives, and paan etc. 

One focussed group discussion was organised to understand the status of different Self help Group operating in the village. 

This discussion concentrated around the activities of SHG, terms and conditions of membership, working pattern of different 

SHG and their role in the development of society etc 

Another curiosity in our mind was about the political institution of the village. Apart from different institution 

discussion was concentrated about gram panchayat issue. Here the major discussion point was participation of women and 

deprived section of the society in the decision making process, their representation in the panchayat. How the panchayat 

facilitates the process of development and poverty alleviation. In this process its relation with different institution of village like 

dispensary, Aanganwari Kendra, Primary School and High school was also discussed. 

The whole purpose was to identify the employment opportunities available during the different seasons in a year, income, 

expenditure, crisis management, daily activities and time allotted to each activity, the leisure time of men and women, and 

market network for agricultural produce etc. In the gender analysis, an attempt was made to find out the gendered division of 

labour, the status of women in relation to the right to use, to own and sell different household properties, the means of 


40

DWDU, Rajkot 

production of the household, and the role and participation of women in decision-making at intra household and community 

levels. 

To identify different problems faced by villagers a separate focussed discussion was carried out. The villagers were grouped in 

to different types as shown below to know all the details of the village in a stipulated time. 

Small and marginal farmers 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Large farmers 

Landless farmers 

Women 

Gram Panchayat members 

Cattle grazing population 

Business man and women 

Problems Identification 

After analysis the information collected during PRA exercise, the main problems identified as 

Poor fertility of soil and low agricultural productivity 

 

 

 

 

Soil Erosion from farm land 

Improper Crop Rotation 

Less use of bio-fertilizers 

Almost negligible cultivation of arid fruits 


41

DWDU, Rajkot 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Less cultivation of vegetables 

Low milk production and rearing of non descript breeds 

No use of vermi compost 

Lack of value addition practices 

Drinking Water 

Less availability of fodder 

Market (No nearby) 

Migration 

Sanitation Problems 

Less Nutritional Level 

iv) Use of GIS and Remote sensing for planning 

Remote sensing and GIS plays an important role in the study of natural resources and helps in planning water resources 

development. One of the greatest advantages of using remote sensing data for hydrological investigations and monitoring is its 

ability to generate information in spatial and temporal domain, which is very crucial for successful analysis, prediction and 

validation Use of various high science tools has been promoted at various stages of watershed development. 

a) Prioritization 

Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used for prioritization process. Various layer maps were created like Geomorphological, 

Soil, BPL Population, SC/ST population, Ground water Status, Drinking water situation Slope percent. These were 

all given proper weight age according to the DoLR specification. This helped in prioritization of various watershed areas. 


42

DWDU, Rajkot 

b) Planning 

A action plan matrix was been formulated by State Level Nodal Agency(SLNA) taking into account various features like the slope 

percent, soil Depth, Soil Texture, Soil erosion in the area for wasteland, forest land and agricultural land. 

Global positioning System (GPS) was used to identify each and every water conservation structures available in the project 

area. This will be used to create a map. Contour Map of vertical interval of 1 meter at a scale of 1:8000 was used for identifying 

various location specific for soil and water conservation structures. 

c) Hydrological modelling 

Hydrology modelling technique was been used for locating drainage, stream length, flow direction, sink, Flow accumulation. 

This model overlaid over cadastral map hel to calculate the catchment area of each structures like the check dam etc. This has 

helped to remove the human error which generally occurring while calculating the catchment area of a check dam. 


43

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 30: Details of Scientific Planning and Inputs in IWMP projects 

S. 

No. 

Scientific criteria/ inputs used 

Whether scientific 

criteria was used 

(A) Planning 

Cluster approach 

Yes 

Whether technical back-stopping for the project has been arranged? If yes, mention the 

name of the Institute 

Baseline survey 

Yes 

Hydro-geological survey 

Yes 

Contour mapping 

Yes 

Participatory Net Planning (PNP) 

Yes 

Remote sensing data-especially soil/ crop/ run-off cover 

Yes 

Ridge to Valley treatment 

Yes 

Online IT connectivity between 

(1) Project and DRDA cell/ZP Yes 

(2) DRDA and SLNA Yes 

(3) SLNA and DoLR Yes 

Availability of GIS layers 

1. Cadastral map Yes 

2. Village boundaries Yes 

3. Drainage Yes 

4. Soil (Soil nutrient status) Yes 

5. Land use Yes 

6. Ground water status Yes 

7. Watershed boundaries Yes 

8. Activity Yes 

Crop simulation models # 

Integrated coupled analyzer/ near infrared visible spectroscopy/ medium spectroscopy 

for high speed soil nutrient analysis 

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)# 

Weather Station 

Yes 

(B) Inputs 

1. Bio-pesticides Yes 

2. Organic manures Yes 


44

DWDU, Rajkot 

3. Vermicompost Yes 

4. Bio-fertilizer Yes 

5. Water saving devices 

6. Mechanized tools/ implements 

7. Bio-fencing Yes 

8. Nutrient budgeting 

9. Automatic water level recorders & sediment samplers 

4.2. Institution Building 

Watershed Committee (WC) 

This is the general body of the residents constituted by Gram sabha of the watershed as well as farmers who own land within 

the watershed area registered under society Registration Act 1860. The first gram sabha meeting was held on 6 th January 2010 

in Kumbhariya and 3 rd February 2010 in Khakhrechi, where the watershed committee was formed taking in to account all caste, 

women representation and Gram panchayat members .Both President and Secretary of WC were selected after the first 

Watershed Committee meeting was held. The secretary will be a paid functionary of the watershed committee.The Watershed 

Committee with the help of the Watershed Development Team (WDT) shall facilitate resource-use agreements among the user 

groups based on the principle of equity and sustainability. Capacity building training to the watershed committee will be provided 

by WDT member. The watershed committee has a pivotal during various processes like the PRA and overall planning of various points. 


45

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31: Watershed Committee details (Kumbhariya) 

S 

l. 

N 

o. 

1 


WC 

Watershed 

committee 

Kumbhari 

ya 

Date of 

Registr 

ation 

as a 

Society 

(dd/mm 

/ yyyy) 

Under 

progres 

s 

Name 

Designati 

on 

M/ 

F 

S 

C 

ST 

SF 

M 

F 

L 

F 

Lan 

d- 

less 

U 

G 

SH 

G 

G 

P 

Educa 

tional 

qualif 

icatio 

n 

Function 

/s 

assigned 

# 

Savjibhai Karoriya President M - - - - Y - Y - Y 9 D 

Sureshbhai L Detroja Secretary M - - - - Y - Y - N 10 C 

Vijyaben G. Faldu Member M - - Y - Y - Y - - 8 A 

Arjanbhai M Detroja Member M - - - Y - - Y - - 5 B 

Goriben R Parmar Member M y - Y - - - Y - Y 3 I 

Bhagvatiben 

Karororiya 

Member F - - Y - - Y Y - 10 I-G 

Nazabhai Bharvad Member M - - - - - Y Y - - 1 I 

Rashmi C Goswami W D T M - - - - - - Y - N 

B.E 

(Civil) 

F-B-E 

Nagjibhai T Detroja Member M - - - - Y - Y - - 7 B-H 

Josnaben A. karoriya Member M - - - Y - - Y - - 5 E-G 

Gandalal M 

Panchasara 

Member M - - Y - - - Y - - 6 B 


46

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 31.1: Watershed Committee details (Khakhrechi) 

S 

l. 

N 

o. 

1 


WCs 

Water 

shed 

commitee 

Khakhrech 

i 

Date of 

Registr 

ation 

as a 

Society 

(dd/mm 

/ yyyy) 

Under 

progres 

s 

Name 

Designati 

on 

M/ 

F 

S 

C 

S 

F 

M 

F 

L 

F 

Lan 

d- 

less 

U 

G 

S 

H 

G 

G 

P 

Any 

othe 

r 

Educa 

- 

tional 

qualif 

i- 

cation 

Functio 

n/s 

assigne 

d# 

Ratilal K Parejiya President M Y - - Y - N - 11 A-B 

Vipulbhai R Thadoda Secretary M - - Y - Y - Y - 10 C 

Dineshbhai S Parejiya Member M - - Y - - - N - 7 H 

Punabhai G 

Sankhesariya 

Member M - Y - - - - - Y - 7 C 

Vasarambhai S Pardhi Member M Y Y - - - - - N - 2 I 

Baldevbhai J Kaila 

Member M - Y Y - - - - N 

Vice 

precide 

nt 

Taluka 

panchya 

t 

4 B 

Hareshbhai M Gardhsria Member M - - Y - - Y - - 10 H 

Rashmi C Goswami W D T M - - - - - - - - - B E (Civil) G-B-F 

Dipakbhai B Kaila Member M - - Y - - Y - N - 5 E-H 

Ranjanben R Parjiya Member F - Y - - - - - Y - H-B 

Ramjibhai P. Patel Member M - - - - Y - - - - 4 E 

Chandulal S Kaila Member M - - - Y - - - N - 9 B 

Chabilbhai G Patel Member M - - - Y - - - Y - 10 F-H 

Bharatbhai K Bhatiya Member M - - - Y - - - Y - 12 G 

Rameshabhai D kaila Member M - - Y - - - - N - 10 I-B 

# Functions Assigned, as below 

A. PNP and PRA B. Planning 

C. Maintenance of Accounts D. Signing of cheques and making payments 

E. Supervision of construction activities F. Cost Estimation 

G. Verification & Measurement H. Record of labour employed 

I. Social Audit J. Any other (please specify). 

(ii) Self Help Group 


47

DWDU, Rajkot 

We believe that the full potential of our watershed work can only be raised if it is supplemented by a 

microfinance programme. This is essential if we are to ensure long-term livelihood security to the poor. We are 

also convinced that no microfinance programme can be successful until it is tied up with livelihood 

programmes such as agriculture, dairying, marketing and enterprise development etc. Thus microfinance and 

livelihood programmes are complementary to each other and their simultaneous implementation is the key to 

poverty alleviation. Incomes raised through livelihood initiatives need to be saved. Of these women are the best 

custodians. Self Help Group are motivated, small homogenous group organized together through highly successful of credit 

and thrift activities. These savings must be reinvested in livelihood options that in turn raise incomes, setting up 

various cycles. Generally self help group includes landless and marginal sized farm women, BPL household, SC/ST women. 

SHG initiative in watershed villages is being organized by having a focused group discussion between various homogenous 

communities of women based on their livelihood separately. With a view point of different problems related to rural credit, it 

was planned to organize these women into a group consisting of 10 to 20 in each groups and it was also proposed to have 122 

groups. 

Table no. 32: SHG detail 

S. No. 

With 

only 

Men 

Total no. of registered SHGs 

With 

only 

Women 

With 

both 

1 16 31 3 50 

No. of members 

No. of SC/ST in each 

category 

No. of BPL in 

each category 

Total Categories M F Total M F Total M F Total 

(i) Landless 118 130 248 35 25 60 50 70 130 

(ii) SF 42 145 187 0 0 0 - - - 

(iii) MF 5 32 37 0 0 0 - - - 

(iv) LF 5 18 23 0 0 0 - - - 

7 

0 

130 

Total 16 31 3 50 175 325 500 35 25 60 50 

iii) User Group: 


48

DWDU, Rajkot 

These are homogeneous groups of persons having landholding within the watershed area. They are normally formed to 

manage an activity or asset on a long term basis. The user group collects user charges from their members. Some of the 

points which were considered while forming a user group were: 

1) In case of a check dam all the beneficiaries of the individual check dam were involved as user group members. 

2) In case of Fodder bank all the individual beneficiaries of animal husbandry are considered as potential members. 

3) Khadi based cottage industry, Papad making user groups for micro enterprise activities 

4) Membership was on voluntary and democratic. 

Focused group discussion was conducted to between the user groups to discuss the above conditions and to select potential 

members. It was advocated that each group to formulate certain internal rules and have a feeling of ownership with community 

spirit 

Table No. 33: The following types of groups were planned to be formed 

S. No Name of User Group (land based) Major Task 

1 Fuel and fodder Group Development of Pasture land 

2 Farm pond/Percolation tank user Group Equitable sharing of resources 

3 Farm bund and Check Dam Group Equitable sharing of resources 

4 Fodder bank Group Ensure fodder security in village 

Development of community land for fodder development 

Timely supply of enriched fodder at a affordable price. 

5 Nursery Group Maintenance of nursery plot 

Ensure Timely supply of seedling for afforestation. 

S. No Name of other Groups (except land based) Major Task 

1 Micro-enterprise developing group Ensuring livelihood opportunities, reducing distress migration 

2 Animal Husbandry Group Bringing of new AH technology, Management of New Cattle and 

their improvement 

Table no. 33: UG detail 

S. No, Total no. of UGs No. of members No. of SC/ST in each No. of BPL in each 

category 

category 

Men Women Both Total Categories M F Total M F Total M F Total 


49

DWDU, Rajkot 

1 

147 30 33 210 [i] Landless 965 400 1365 45 88 133 43 42 85 

Total 147 30 33 210 965 400 1365 45 88 133 43 42 85 

fii) SF 

[iii] MF 

fiv) LF 


50

DWDU, Rajkot 

4.3. Physical activities to be undertaken under IWMP-IX 

4.3.1 Entry Point activity (EPA) 

EPA activities are certain important works which are in urgent demand of the local community. This helps in establishment of 

credibility of watershed Development Team (WDT). It also acts as a rapport building activity of the village community. A 

group Discussion was conducted with watershed Development Committee regarding the EPA activity, it was conveyed to the 

amount of Rs. 6.12 lakh in Kumbhariya and in Khakhrechi, 31.07 lakh was allotted for EPA activity, which was 4 per cent of 

total allocated budget. The villagers discussed various activities which they felt is important but after a brief discussion it was 

conveyed to them that only those activities can taken, which revive the common natural resources. It was also taken into priority 

that there should be a instrument of convergence which will result in sustainability of activities. 

Table No. 34: Some of the major activities proposed in Kumbhariya are: 


Villages 

Details of activity 

Amount earmarked for 

EPA 

Estimated Cost ( In 

lakhs) 

Kumbhariya Animal water trough 6.12 Lakhs 0.30 

Revival of natural water bodies/Earthen dam 1.9 

Computer training to youth 0.25 

Solar light in Smashan gruha (2 nos) 0.50 

Tree guard with plantation (25 nos) 0.17 

Filter Plant for drinking water in school(Aqua guard) 0.15 

Books for school Library 0.10 

Horticultural Plantation 0.15 

Steps construction for village pond (drinking water) 0.50 

Culvert near canal end 2.00 

Dead animal carrying cart (1) 0.10 

Afforestation (Convergence with Forest Dept) 0.7 

Total 0.7 lacs conver. Forest 6.82 

Table No. 34.1: Some of the major activities proposed in Khakhrechi are: 


51

DWDU, Rajkot 

Name of Details of activity 

Amount earmarked for Estimated Cost ( In 

Villages 

EPA 

lakhs) 

Deepening of village pond for drinking water 

7.095 

Deepening Winrega)Agri.( of village Uses pond with for grass drinking land development 31.08 3.405 

water(convergences wind enrgy with N R E G A) 

Khakhrechi wind Solar energy light near Smasan (4 nos) 

0.70 

Solar Tree Solar light guard light near near (300 Smasan units) (4 (4 nos) nos) 

1.0 

Tree computer Tree guard guard Traning (300 (300 units) units) class 

2.1 

Computer 

Books computer 

Training 

for Traning school Library class 

class 0.5 

Books for school Library 0.5 

Horticultural Plantation (1000 nos) 

Horticultural Plantation (1000 nos) 0.4 

Tank repairing(Drinking water) 

Tank repairing(Drinking water) 0.4 

Stand post (6 units) 

Stand post (6 units) 0.9 

Dead animal carring cart 

Dead animal carrying cart 0.15 

Afforestation 

Afforestation (Convergence with for forest Dept) 1.5 

Village cleaning hand cart 

Village cleaning hand cart 0.275 

Sanitation/drainage line correction 

Drainage cleaning in Village 1.5 

Revival of water bodies with recharge activities 

Sanitation/drainage line correction 0.25 

Roof water harvesting in School building 

Revival 

Revers 

of 

osmosis 

water bodies 

plant in 

with 

school 

recharge activities 13.76 

Roof Animal water trough harvesting in School building 0.4 

Rivers osmosis plant in school 0.15 

Total 

Animal trough 1.0 

Sanitation ( Convergence with T S C ) 7.0 

Total 42.985 

Table no.35: Details of activities of preparatory phase (All financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. 

No. 


villages 

Initiation of 

village level 

institution 

Capacity 

building 

IEC 

activities 

Baseline 

survey 

Hydrogeological 

survey 

Identifying 

technical 

support 

agencies 

Printing 

DPR and 

Mapping 

Estimated 

Cost (Rs. in 

lakh) 

1 Kumbhariya 0.915 4.54 1.83 0.56 0.183 0.915 0.228 9.18 


52

DWDU, Rajkot 

2 Khakhrechi 4.66 23.08 9.32 2.79 0.94 4.66 1.15 46.6 

Total 5.575 27.62 11.15 3.35 1.123 5.575 1.378 55.78 

4.3.2. Watershed Development Works: 

Watershed development works is to be done during implementation phase of watershed. Treatments begin from the highest point of 

the watershed and move progressively downwards (ridge to valley), starting with the smallest stream and culminating in the main river 

of the watershed. Work is location-specific, varying according to slope and geology as also the size of the stream being treated. The 

aim is to weave interventions into the contours of nature, not to seek mastery over it. A net budget of 50 percent is allotted for this 

work. 

Ridge Area Treatment Plans 

In a watershed, the slopes falling from the ridge to the beginning of the plains are called ridge area. It is very important to treat the 

higher reaches of the ridge has this is where the major water resources originate. This involves mainly highly and forest region in 

the watershed. Various watershed managing structures should be build to arrest the erosion and degradation of forest with grasses 

in upper ridges. 

1. Boulder Checks 

2. Gabions3 

3. Grass seedling/planatation 

1. Boulder Checks 

Boulder checks or gully plugs are loose rock dams made on small drainage lines or seasonal streams which have a 

catchment area of less than 50 ha. It is adopted where the water velocity is high and where basically stone available with in radius of 

100-150 m from the site. The main aim of constructing loose boulder checks is to reduce the velocity of water flowing through the 

drainage line. By reducing the velocity of runoff, boulder checks help in: 


53

DWDU, Rajkot 

1. Reducing soil erosion; 

2. Trapping silt which slows the rate of siltation in water harvesting structures in the lower reaches of the watershed. 

3. Creating a hydraulic head locally which enhances infiltration of surface runoff into the groundwater system; and 

4. Increasing the duration of flow in the drainage line. Therefore, the capacity of the water harvesting structures created downstream on 

the drainage line is utilized more fully as they get many more refills. 

2. Gabions 

Gabion structures are rock and wire dams constructed across drainage lines with a catchment area of 50-500 ha. They are also 

constructed to reinforce highly erodible stream embankments. The main aim of constructing gabion structures is to reduce the 

velocity of water flowing through the drainage line. By reducing the velocity of runoff, gabion structures help in 

1. Reduction in soil erosion 

2. Trapping silt, which reduces the rate of siltation in water harvesting structures in the lower reaches of the watershed. 

3. Increasing recharge of groundwater and 

4. Increasing the duration of flow in the drainage line. Therefore, the capacity of the water harvesting structures created 

downstream on the drainage line is utilized more fully as they get many more refills. 

Drainage line Treatment and water harvesting: 

The second tier treatment is the slope treatment. This is generally agricultural land or waste lands. These are generally water 

conservation or surface water storage structures. These being highly labour intensive will involve more of manual labour so 

schemes like National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) can be taken. Following structures has been proposed in 

the project villages. 

1. Check dams/Causeway cum check dams 

2. Waste Weir 


54

DWDU, Rajkot 

1. Check dams 

Check dams are constructed across small streams having slope the selected should have sufficient thickness of permeable bed 

or weathered formation to facilitate recharge of stored water within short span of time. The water stored in these structures is 

mostly confined to stream course and the height is normally less than 2m and excess water is allowed to flow over the wall in 

order to avoid scouring from excess runoff water cushions are provided at downstream side. To harness the maximum run off 

in the stream series of such check dams are to be constructed to have recharge on regional scale in project villages. 

2. Waste weirs 

These are constructed for giving a safe passage to the excess runoff from the field and also store some amount of water in the 

field. The water stored in these structures is mostly confined in field and height is normally less than 0. 5 mt. and excess water 

is allowed to flow over the wall. 


55

DWDU, Rajkot 

Plains or Flat level/Field level: 

1. Farm pond 

2. Irrigation/Percolation dam 

3. Farm bund 

4. Trench excavation and Refilling for reducing salinity ingress 

5. Afforestation 

1) Farm Pond: 

There is very little qualitative difference between a pond/ tank, which usually serves the population of a village, and farm pond, 

which serves an individual agricultural field. Farms ponds greatly vary in size depending upon the rainfall. These have only a 

few meters of length and width and are built across the flow path of natural drainage channels. Surplus water from one pond 

spills over to a lower pond. In some cases a series of farm ponds are built on one single stream. Each pond caters to the 

irrigation needs of one farm and also augments ground water recharge. Percolation Dam: Percolation dams are constructed for 

recharging groundwater. Such structures are usually made on the upper part of the catchment area. Water stored here percolates 

to wells and tubewells located in the lower part of the catchment. Such dams can also be made in the immediate upstream 

portion of wells and tubewells. Depending on the capacity of the dam and duration of water storage, the dam can have 

secondary benefits (such as pisciculture) that are vital for the livelihood security of marginal farmers and landless labourers. 

2) Irrigation/Percolation dam 

a) Irrigation Dam: Such dams can be constructed to meet two different kinds of demands. 


56

DWDU, Rajkot 

of storing water during the rainy season to be used for irrigation in the post-monsoon period. 

of providing protective irrigation during dry spells within the rainy season. Most parts of India typically receive 

rainfall between June and September, very intensely within a few hours and a few days. The number of rainy 

days does not average more than 40-50. Moreover, rains are extremely erratic, often characterised by late onset 

and early withdrawal. Prolonged dry spells during the rainy season, resulting in agricultural droughts, are also 

frequent. Hence, the kharif crop needs to be drought-proofed through 'protective' irrigation, applied to overcome 

accumulated soil moisture deficits within the rainy season. Such structures are especially important in areas 

which are poor in groundwater resources and which do not have access to canal irrigation. Such areas form 

about half of India's agricultural area. 

b). Percolation Tank: Percolation dams are constructed for recharging groundwater. Such structures are usually made on the 

upper part of the catchment area. Water stored here percolates to wells and tube wells located in the lower part of the catchment. 

Such dams can also be made in the immediate upstream portion of wells and tube wells. Depending on the capacity of the dam 

and duration of water storage, the dam can have secondary benefits (such as pisciculture) that are vital for the livelihood 

security of marginal farmers and landless labourers. 

3) Farm bund 

Farm bunds are constructed on agricultural land with the aim of arresting soil erosion and improving the soil moisture profile. 

Ideally, bunds on farms should be made on the contour line. But this creates several problems for farmers. Contour bunds divide 

the field into irregular sections. In such a situation, it becomes inconvenient to maneuver bullocks for operations such as 

ploughing and line-sowing. Due to these difficulties, what is normally practiced in the name of farm bunding is bunding along 

the field boundaries. 

4) Trench excavation and Refilling for reducing salinity ingress 

About 3000 cum (about 1500 RM) of deepening channels and raising embankment along sections of village boundary has been 

proposed in Kumbhariya to reduce salinity ingress and control further ingress of saline water from sea. The trench will be 


57

DWDU, Rajkot 

excavated up to the depth of 2 meters and width 1 meter. The excavated material will be used as embankment raising. The 

trench will be filled up by impermeable soil available nearby with adequate watering and applying pressure by either roller or 

manual rolling. Total cost of this activity is Rs. 498000. The unit cost of this activity works out to out to Rs. 166/cum. 

It was proposed to excavate cutoff trench, filling it with impermeable soil and embankment raising along the border of farm lands 

with the below specification to reduce salinity ingress. 

5. Afforestation 

Emphasis is placed on maximizing the use of available land and resources with high yield tree species. Trees can either be of 

similar species or mixed in a manner that will result in a stand or forest. Depending on the climate, geographical layout of the 

area and the soil conditions, trees that have the greatest growth potential are selected like Babool, Neem, Sesame and Ailanthus. 


58

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.36: Activities related to Surface water resources in Kumbhariya (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

Proposed target 

Augmentation/ repair of existing 

Construction of new structures Total target 

structures 

Village Type of structures Area to 

name 

be 

S. 

No. 

Area to 

Area to 

Storage Estimated 

be Storage Estimated be Storage Estimated 

No. capacity cost No. 

irrigated 

irrigated capacity cost irrigated capacity cost 

(Cumec) (Lac) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(i) Farm Pond - - - - 9 18 6318 2.59 18 6318 2.59 

Kumabharia 

(ii)Irrigation/Percolation 

8 88 43158 17.70 11 74 59342 24.34 162 102500 42.04 

Tank 

(iv) Check dam - - - - 6 46 18600 17.8 46 18600 17.80 

Total 8 88 43158 17.70 26 138 84260 44.73 226 127418 62.43 

Table no.36.1: Activities related to Surface water resources in Khakhrechi (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. Village 


No. name 

Augmentation/ repair of existing 

structures 


Type of structures Area to 

Area to 

Area to 


Storage 

Estimated 

be 

be 

Estimated be Storage 

No. capacity cost No. capacity 

cost 

irrigated 

irrigated 

cost irrigated capacity 

(Cumec) (Lac) 

(Cumec) 

(Lac) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(i) Farm Pond 9 6 6318 2.59 34 198 23868 9.79 204 30186 12.38 

(ii)Irrigation 

Percolation Tank 

13 73 78645 32.24 69 325 395004 161.96 398 473649 194.2 

1 

(iii)Irrigation 

Khakhrechi 


1 2 1500 .62 - - - - 2 1500 0.62 

(iv) Check dam 7 36 28000 16.72 15 128 32650 43.48 164 60650 60.20 

(v)Causeway cum 

check dam 

- - - - 1 0.32 850 3.21 0.32 850 3.21 

Total 30 117 114463 52.17 119 651.32 452372 218.44 768.32 566835 270.61 


59

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.36.2: Activities related to Surface water resources in cluster Project (all financial figures in lakh Rs.) 

S. Village 

No. name 

1 


Augmentation/ repair of 


existing structures 

Type of 

Area to 

Area to 

Area to 

structures 


Storage 

Estimated 

be 

be Estimated be Storage 

No. capacity cost No. capacity 

cost 

irrigated 

irrigated cost irrigated capacity 

(Cumec) (Lac) 

(Cumec) 

(Lac) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(ha) 

(i) Farm Pond 9 6 6318 2.59 43 216 30186 12.38 240 36504 14.97 

(ii)Irrigation 

22 


163 123303 50.56 80 399 454346 186.3 562 577649 236.86 

(iii) Check dam 7 36 28000 16.72 21 173 51250 61.28 209 79250 78 

(iv)Causeway 

cum check dam 

- - - - - 0.32 850 3.21 0.32 850 3.21 

Total 38 149 157621 69.87 144 256.32 536632 263.17 1011.32 694253 333.04 

Kumbhariya 

& 

Khakhrechi 

Table no.37: Activities related to recharging ground water resources in the project areas (all financial figures in lakh 

Rs.) 

S. 

No. 

Name of Villages Type of structures 

(i)Open wells 

(ii)Bore wells 

(iii)Any others 

(Pl. specify) 

Augmentation/ repair of 

existing recharging 

structures 

No. 

Area to be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Estimated 

cost 

No. 


Construction of new 

recharging structures 

Area to be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Not applicable 

Estimated 

cost 

Total target 

Area to be 

irrigated 

(ha) 

Estimated 

cost 


60

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 38: Activities related to livelihoods by Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the project areas 


S. No. 

Villages 

1 Kumbhariya 

2 Khakhrechi 

Major activities of the SHGs 

Name of activity 

Average annual income from 

No. of SHGs 

activity per SHG(In Rs. 

involved 

Approx) 

Vermi composting 4 109000 

Nursery raising 2 50000 

Handicraft/Charkha Udyog 4 45000 

Papad unit making 2 127800 

Fodder Bank 4 227500 

Dairy Unit 2 22900 

Floriculture 1 89675 

Lemon Plot 1 84896 

Vermi composting 8 109000 

Nursery raising 4 50000 

Handicraft/Charkha Udyog 10 90000 

Papad unit making 4 127800 

Fodder Bank 4 227500 

Dairy Unit 7 22900 

Floriculture 2 179350 

Lemon Plot 2 169792 


61

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 39: Other activities of watershed works phase – Proposed target IWMP-IX 

S. 

No. 


villages 

Ridge area 

treatment 

Nonconventional 

(Roof water Estimated 

Any other Total 

Drainage line Nursery Land Crop Pasture 

treatment raising development demonstrations development 

energy ) cost (Rs. 

(Ha) (lakh) (Ha) (lakh) (Ha) (lakh) (Ha) (lakh) (ha) (lakh) (no) (lakh) (no) (lakh) In lakhs) 

1 Kumbhariya 11 1.59 46 17.80 - - 304 68.12 - - 5.0 7.06 - - 3 1.0 95.57 

2 Khakhrechi 235 23.92 164.32 63.41 - - 1042 300.01 - - 5.0 7.06 - - - - 394.4 

Total 246 25.52 29 81.11 - - 1346 365.33 - - 10 14.12 - - - - 488.97 

Table no.40: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Kumbhariya 

S. 

No. 

1 

Name of structures 

(i) Ridge 

area (R) 

Type of treatment 

(ii) 

Drainage 

line 

(D) 

(iii) 

Land dev 

(L) 

Type of land 

(ii) 

(i) 

Communit 

Pri-vate 

y 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Target 

No. of units Estimated cost (Rs. 

(No./ cu.m./ in lakh) 

rmt) 

Expected month 

& year of 

completion 

(mm/yyyy) 

M W O T 

Boulders check R - - - C - WC 10 - - - 0.89 May 2012 

Gabion structures R - - - C - WC 1 - - - 0.691 May 2012 

Farm Waste weir - - L P - - UG/WC 75 - - - 0.06 Jan 2013 

FarmWasteweir 

(MGNREGA) 

Farm bunding 

(MGNREGA) 

Salinity protection 

trench 

Roof water 

Harvesting 

- - L P - - UG/WC 75 - - - 6.80 Jan 2013 

- - L P - - UG/WC 24751 - - - 10.25 May 2013 

- - L P C - UG/WC 1500 - - - 4.98 May 2013 

- - - P C 5 WC - - - - 1 May 2011 

Afforestation - - 5 - - - - - - - - 7.06 May 2011 

Gram Vatika - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1.40 Feb 2011 

Total: 33.14 Lacs 

Table no. 40.1: Details of engineering structures in watershed works: Khakhrechi 

S. 

No. 

Name of structures Type of treatment Type of land 

Executing 

agency 

Target 


62

DWDU, Rajkot 

1 

(i) 

Ridge 

area 

(R) 

(ii) 

Drainage 

line 

(D) 

(iii) 

Land dev. 

(L) 

(i) (ii) 

Private 

Commun 

ity 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) Others 

No. of 

units 

(No./ 

cu.m./ 

rmt) 

Estimated cost 

(Rs. in lakh) 

Expected 

month & 

year of 

completion 

(mm/yyyy) 

(pl. 

M W O T 

specify) 

Boulder checks 230 - - - P - WC/UG 14.82 - - - 20.46 Jan 2013 

Gabion structures 5 - - - C - WC/UG 89.4 - - - 3.46 Jan 2012 

Farm Waste weir - - 450 nos P - - - 450 nos - - - 41.18 May 2013 

Farm bunding - - LD P - - WC/UG 119500 - - - 49.00 May 2013 

Farm 

bunding(Convergence - - LD P 3000 1.23 May 2013 

with N R E G A) 

Roof water Harvesting - - - P - 15 - - - - - 3.00 Dec 2011 

Afforestation(Converge 

nce with forest) - - 5 ha - C - WC/UG - - - - 7.06 May 2011 

Gram Vatika - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1.4 May 2011 

Total: 

126.79 Lacs 


63

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.i: Technical Details of Boulder checks 

Chainage Height Area of X-Section 

Average .area of x- 

Section Length Quantity 

0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

2 0.65 1.49 0.74 2 1.49 

4 0.84 2.36 1.92 2 3.85 

5 1.00 3.25 2.81 1 2.81 

6.5 0.83 2.31 2.78 2 4.17 

7 0.00 0.00 1.15 1 0.58 

Total 7 12.89 

Cost Estimate For Boulder Check 


64

DWDU, Rajkot 

Particulars Unit Value Rate 

Total Length Mt 7 

Max. height Mt 1 

U/S Slope 1: 2.5 

D/S Slope 1: 3 

Top Width Mt 0.5 

Quantity of Boulder Check Cum 12.89 

Add15% for Keying & Exit weir Cum 1.93 

Total quantity of Boulder Cum 14.82 600 

Unit Cost of Boulder Check Rs 8890 

Total Number of Boulder Check No 240 

Total Cost of Boulder Check Lacs 21.35 


65

Height 

Height 

Distances 

DWDU, Rajkot 

L -Section of Boulder Check-2 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

-0.2 

-0.4 

-0.6 

-0.8 

-1 

-1.2 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 

Series1 

-0.65 

-0.84 

Distance 

-1 

-0.83 

0 

Series2 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

-1 

-2 

-3 

-4 

1.875 

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 

-0.25 

-0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

-2.2 

Plan of Boulder check-2 

2.35 

-2.77 

Chainage 

2.75 

-3.25 

2.325 

-2.74 

Cross Section of Boulder Check 

1.2 

1 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

U/S 

1:1 

D/S 1:3 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Distance 


66

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.ii: Technical Details of Gabion structure 

Dimension for Construction & Costing of Gabion Structure 

S. 

no Particulars Measurement Unit 

1 Length of Head Wall 6.0 Meter 

2 Height of Head Wall 1.0 Meter 

3 Top Width of Head Wall 1.0 Meter 

4 Bottom Width of Head Wall 2.0 Meter 

5 Width of Apron 2.0 Meter 

6 Thickness of Apron 0.6 Meter 

7 Length of Side Wall 4.0 Meter 

8 Height of Side Wall 2.0 Meter 

9 Thickness of Side Wall 1.0 Meter 

10 Length of Key Wall 6.0 Meter 

11 Total Length of Structure 20.0 Meter 

12 Steps (V:H) 0.5 :1 

Quantity & Cost Estimation of Gabion Structure 

S.no Particular No. Length Width H/D/T Quantity Unit Rate Amount 

1 Excavation 


67

DWDU, Rajkot 

1.1 

Below head wall and for Apron in 

H.S. 1 8.0 4.0 0.6 19.2 

1.2 For Key in H.S. 2 6.0 1.0 1.25 15.0 

Total Excavation 34.2 Cum. 41.00 1402.2 

2 Construction 

2.1 Head Wall 1 6.0 1.5 1.0 9 

2.2 

Below head wall and for Apron in 

H.S. 1 8 4.0 0.6 19.2 

2.3 Key Wall 2 6.0 1.0 1.25 15.0 

2.4 Side Wall 2 4.0 1 1.5 12 

55.2 Cum. 1225.00 67620 

Total Cost 69022 

Grand 

Total 69069.35 

Cost Estimation say 69100.00 


68

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.iv: Technical Details/Estimates of Farm Bund 

Estimate of cost : Farm Bunding 

Particulars Value Unit 

Top width 

0.6 Mt 

U/S Slope 1: 1 

D/S Slope 1: 1 

Max. height 0.75 Mt 

Bottom Width 

2.1 Mt. 

Area of cross section of Farm Bund 

1.0125 Sq mt 

Qty. of earthwork of Farm bund /Meter 

1.0125 Cumec 

Soft soil Rate /cumec 

41.00 Rs. 

Cost of Farmbund per mt. 

41.41 RS 


69

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No 40.v. Technical Details of Excavation of Trench and raising embankment 


Trench Length 1500 Mt. 

Trench Type 

Rectangular 

Trench Depth 2.00 Mt. 

Trench Width 1.00 Mt. 

Total Excavation 3000 Cum. 

Filling the same with puddle impermeable soil 3000 Cum. 

Table no 40.vi: Quantity Calculation of trench and refilling 

S. No. Description Unit Quantity Rate 

Cost (Rs) 

1 Excavation of trench upto 2 mt length Cum 3000 (Rs) 41.00 123000.00 

2 Filling the same with impermeable soil Cum 3000 125.00 375000.00 

3 Total 498000.00 

Table No 40.vii: Technical Details of Farm Pond 


Pond Length 30.00 Mt. 

Pond Width 20 Mt. 

Pond Depth 1.5 Mt. 

Side Slope 2 : 1 

Pond Top Area 600 Sq. mt 

Pond bottom area 366 Sq mt. 

Quantity 702 Cum 

Cost/cum in soft soil 41 Rs 

Total cost 28782 Rs 

Table no 40.viii. Technical details of Percolation Tank 

Particulars 

Value 


70

DWDU, Rajkot 

Structure Length 50 Mt. 

Structure Breadth 50 Mt 

Structure Height 2.00 Mt. 

Top Cross sectional area 2500 Sq Mt. 

Tank bottom cross sectional area 2500 Sq Mt. 

Excavation in soft soil 5000 Cumec 

Rate of Excavation 41 Rs. 

Total cost of tank according to dimension 205000 Rs 

Table no 40.ix. Technical details of check dam 

Quantity & Cost Estimation of Check dam 


1 Excavation 


71

DWDU, Rajkot 

1.1 Body wall 1 20.0 1.46 1.4 40.88 Cu.mt. 

1.2 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 1.40 50.40 

1.3 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 1.40 8.40 

1.4 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 1.40 7.00 

1.5 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 1.40 3.80 


2 Foundation 1:4:8 

2.1 Body wall 1 20.00 1.46 0.15 4.38 

2.2 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 0.15 5.40 

2.3 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 0.15 0.90 

2.4 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 0.15 0.75 

2.5 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 0.15 0.41 

3 U C R Masonary 11.837 Cum. 1460 17281.73 

3.1 Body wall 1 20.00 1.46 1.25 36.50 

3.2 Body Wall s/s 1 20.00 1.13 0.90 20.34 

3.3 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 1.15 41.40 

3.4 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 2.65 15.90 

3.5 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 3.45 17.25 

3.6 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 4.43 12.00 

143.391 Cum. 1330.00 190709.50 

4 Coping: 1:2:4 

4.1 Body wall 1 20.00 0.80 0.10 1.60 

4.2 Appron 1 20.00 1.80 0.10 3.60 

4.3 Side wall 2 5.00 0.60 0.10 0.60 

4.4 Abutment 2 2.50 1.00 0.10 0.50 

4.5 Wing wall 2 2.26 0.60 0.10 0.27 

4.6 End sill 1 20.00 0.30 0.30 1.80 

CC 8.371 Cum. 2420.00 20258.3 

5 Plaster 

Body wall S/S 1 20 1.00 20.00 

Body wall D/S 1 20.0 1.45 29.00 

Abutment 4 2.00 1.9 15.2 

Wing wall 4 2.3 1.45 13.34 Sq.Mt. 

77.54 74.00 5737.96 

5 Earthen work 

5.1 R – Bank 1 15.0 2.20 1.20 39.60 


72

DWDU, Rajkot 

5.2 L – Bank 1 16.0 2.20 1.20 42.24 

81.84 

15% Shrinkage Minus 12.28 

69.564 Cum. 2852.12 

Cum. 241369.2 

Total Cost Say 241370.00 

Grand 

Total 241370.00 

Table no 40.x. Technical details of waste weir 

Quantity & Cost Estimation of waste weir 


1 Excavation 

1.1 BODY WALL 1 4.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

1.2 APPRON 1 4.00 1.00 0.45 1.80 

1.3 ABUTMENT 2 2.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 


2 U C R Masonry 

2.1 BODY WALL 1 4.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

2.2 APPRON 1 4.00 1.00 0.45 1.80 

2.3 ABUTMENT 2 2.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 

2.4 BODY WALL 1 4.00 0.45 0.45 0.81 


73

DWDU, Rajkot 

2.5 ABUTMENT 2 2.00 0.45 0.75 1.35 

Total U C R masonry 5.58 Cum. 1330.00 7441.40 

3 1:2:4 

3.1 L.S. 1.00 4.00 0.45 0.10 0.18 

3.2 R.S. 2.00 2.00 0.45 0.10 0.18 

0.36 Cum. 2420.00 871.20 

4 Plaster 

4.1 1.00 4.00 0.40 1.60 

4.2 1.00 4.00 0.40 1.60 

4.3 1 4.00 0.45 1.80 

4.4 1.00 4.00 0.45 1.80 

4.5 4.00 1.00 0.60 2.40 

4.6 2 0.45 0.60 0.54 

9.73 Sq.mt. 74.00 720.02 

Pipe 4 .45 1.8 Rmt 

1.8 50.00 90.00 

Total Cost 

GrandTotal 9152.84 

Cost Estimation say 9152.00 

Table no.41: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Kumbhariya 

S. 

No 

. 

1 


village 

Kumbhari 

ya 

Type of treatment Type of land 

Executin 

g agency 

Target 

(i) UG 

Expected 

Name of (i) 

(iii) 

(iii) 

(ii) 

(ii)SHG 

Estimate month & 

structure/ Ridg Lan (i) (ii) Others 

Are No. 

Drainag 

(iii) 

d cost year of 

work e 

d Priva Commun (pl. 

a of 

e line 

Others 

(Rs. in completio 

area dev. te ity specify 

(ha) plants 

(D) 

(pl. 

lakh) n (mm/ 

(R) (L) 

) 

specify) 

yyyy) 

Afforestation - - L - C - WC 5.6 6222 7.91 May 2011 

Gram vatika 2 D L - C - WC 0.40 320 2.8 Feb 2012 

Jatropha - - L - - - WC/SHG 2 5000 0.67 May 2012 

Agro-forestry - - L P C - WC/SHG 1 3799 0.57 May 2013 

Fodder - - L - C - UG/SHG 15 - 3.91 May 2011 

Horticulture R D L P - - UG 1 500 0.15 May 2011 

Lemon plot - D L - - - UG/SHG 1 400 1.35 May 2011 


74

DWDU, Rajkot 

Total 

Nursery 

raising 

Crop 

demonstratio 

n 

- D L P C - SHG 2 

5000 

0 

1 May 2012 

L D L P - - UG/WC 10 - 3.79 May 2012 

22.15 lacs 

Table no.41.1: Details of activities connected with vegetative cover in watershed works: Khakhrechi 

Executin 

Type of treatment Type of land 

g agency 

(i) UG 

S. 

Name of (i) (iii) 

(iii) 


(ii) 

(ii)SHG 

No 

structure/ Ridg Lan (i) (ii) Others 

Are 

village 

Drainag 

(iii) 

. 

work e 

d Priva Commu (pl. 

a 

e line 

Others 

area dev. te nity specify 

(ha) 

(D) 

(pl. 

(R) (L) 

) 

specify) 

Khakhrech 

i 

No. of 

plants 

Target 

Estimat 

ed cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Expected 

month & 


completio 

n (mm/ 

yyyy) 

Afforestation - - L - C - WC/SHG 5.7 6334 8.56 May 2011 

Gram vatika - - L - C - WC 0.4 360 2.8 May 2011 

Jatropha - - L - C - UG/SHG 2 5000 0.67 May 2012 

Agroforestry+Tre 

e guard 

- D L P C - SHG 13 - 2.25 June 2011 

Fodder - - - - C - WC 30 - 7.82 June 2011 

Horticulture R - L - - - UG 1 - 0.8 June 2012 

Nursery 

16250 

- D L P - - SHG 2 

raising 

0 

3.25 June 2011 


75

DWDU, Rajkot 

Crop 

demonstratio 

n 

- - - - - - UG/WC - 

8000 

6363 

kg 

8.86 June 2013 

Lemon Plot - - L P C - WC 2.0 800 2.70 June 2011 

Total: 37.71 Lacs 

Table No, 41.i : Technical Details of Afforestation Activities 


Crop Name 

Ailanthus 

Plant To Plant Spacing 8.00 Mt 

Row to Row Spacing 8.00 Mt 

Pit Length 1.00 Mt 

Pit Width 1.00 Mt 

Pit Depth 1.00 Mt 

No. of Plants 156 Nos. 

Plantation Area 10.00 Ha. 

No. of Plants per ha 1,560 Nos. 

Gap Filling 20 % 

Table No, 41.ii: Cost Estimation for afforestation activity 

S. No. Description No. Lengt Widt Depth Unit Quantity Rate Amount 

h(m.) h (m.) 

1 Digging of pits for plants in Ordinary murum 1,560 1 (m.) 1 1 Cum 1,560.00 10 15600 

2 Plants saplings for plantation in Govt. pasture area, sapling 

not less than 30 cm. height 


1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 10 15600 

76

DWDU, Rajkot 

3 Transportation of plants from nursery to camp site up to 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 1 1560 

4 5Km Loading and unloading of plants 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 1 1560 

5 Rehandling of plants from camp site to actual planting site 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 1 1560 

up to 20Omt. 

6 Cost of fertiliser & insecticides incl. application 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 10 15600 

7 Weeding and Hoeing two times (Twice in year] 1,560 Nos. 1,560.00 2 3120 

Total 54600 


77

DWDU, Rajkot 

Bio-Gas 

The idea is to use cattle dung and kitchen soft waste and waste water to produce bio gas in a bio reactor. The unmanaged cattle 

dung can be managed properly if fed into a bio reactor. The reactor produces bio gas which is about 60% methane and 40 % 

carbon dioxide along with traces of other gases. This is used as cooking fuel and for lighting in some cases in place of 

traditional inefficient wood and kerosene stove. Biogas is a clean and efficient fuel. Because of the biogas the need for 

collecting firewood is avoided. The cooking is speeded up and time on cooking is reduced. Women have spare time to take care 

of their children and their education. A portion of their spare time is spent on sustainable income generating activities. 

Impact on natural resources 

· Reduction of pressure on the forest, as the families will use less wood (or no wood at all) to cook. There is an important 

deforestation in the district, and villagers, who went 2km from the village to collect wood. 

· Restoration of soil fertility 

The chemical fertilizers are damaging the soil fertility, and the annual crop yields are decreasing. Studies have shown that when 

vermin-compost is used, the crops increased of 13%. 

· Control of local water contamination 

Leaching of organic wastes and chemical fertilizers can occur when they are not managed. It will manage organic wastes and 

reduces the use of chemical fertilizers these risks are lessened. 


78

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No, 41.iii: Detailed Cost Estimate for Bio-gas 

Detailed Cost Estimate for a 3 Cum Capacity Bio-gas 

S 

No Particulars Unit No L W H/D Qty Rate Amount 

1 Excavation of pit for main Tank ( Digester) Cum 1 22/7X2X2X1.5 18.84 

Extra Excavation for round shape of 

i Digester Tank Cum 1 4/3X22/7X2X2X.5 8.37 

ii Excavation of foundation for Fedder Tank Cum 1 22/7X0.8X0.8X0.5 1.00 

iii Excavation of foundation for slurry Tank Cum 1 2.5 1.5 0.5 1.88 

30.09 41 1233.82 

2 PCC in 1:2:4 cement Concrete 

In bottom of the main Digester Tank 3" 

i thick Cum 1 22/7X2X2X0.075 1.88 

ii In bottom of the Feeder Tank 3" thick Cum 1 22/7X0.8X0.8X0.075 0.15 

iii In bottom of the slurry tank 3" thick Cum 1 2.5 1.5 0.075 0.28 

2.32 2420 5604.65 

3 Brick Work in 1:5 cement mortar 

i for construction of digester tank dom Cum 1 0.63 

ii for construction of feeder tank Cum 1 0.20 

iii for construction of slurry tank Cum 1 0.88 

Plastering of the surface in 1:4 cement 

mortar 1.71 2280 3896.43 

4 

i Digester from Inside and outside Sqm 1 3/2X22/7X1X1 4.71 

ii Feeder tank from inside and out side Sqm 1 5.02 

iii Slurry tank from inside and outside Sqm 1 17.6 

5 

6 

27.33 74 2022.72 

Fixing of GI pipe nipple 1" dia and 20cm 

long on top of digester dome Job 1 1 150 150 

Providing of gas burner+ HDPE pipe 1/4" 

+1/2" gate valve+Hose Nipple, Hose Clamp unit 1 1 1860 1860 

Total Constructional Cost in Rs. 14767.61 


79

DWDU, Rajkot 

AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME 

Our understanding is that without addressing the crucial area of end-use regulation, no amount of rainwater harvesting is 

going to work. For this the most important requirement is the working out of a sustainable package of practices for dry land 

agriculture. This is moreover an alternative to the Green Revolution, which largely bypassed the dry lands or is completely 

inappropriate for them. It is believed that the economy must be viewed as a sub-system of the larger eco-system, which 

comprises not merely human beings but also natural resources and non-human species. 

The watershed village area has seen penetration of Green Revolution (GR) inputs in agriculture, which is the main 

occupation of the people. Cotton that was the main crop of the area is becoming completely unviable because of high pesticide 

costs. Despite excessive use of pesticides, pestilence remains an intractable problem. The inputs available to them are often subquality. 

For example, local dealers dispose of expired pesticides to illiterate farmers. Farmers are in general suffering because of 

high input costs. However, their problem is that they perceive no alternative to the GR package. What is worse, the catchment 

areas have suffered severe denudation of forest cover in recent years. This has raised the rate of soil erosion and surface runoff. 

Biodiversity has also been adversely affected. There is a fodder and fuel crisis in the area. In the recent 3-year drought, the 

worst impact was on cattle. Within this context, our attempt (see Figure below) is to forge several new links within the elements 

of the natural resource base of the area (climate, rain fed agriculture, wastelands, forests, and crop residues, animal and human 

wastes and decentralized energy sources). With soil and water conservation technologies, surface runoff is minimised which 

improves the level of soil moisture. Loss of essential soil nutrients is also reduced. And harvested runoff is recycled to 

agricultural land through water harvesting structures. The utilisation of soil moisture through vegetative systems strengthens the 

flows of fodder, firewood. Non-woody biomass from the regenerated forests and commons, as well as part of the crop residues, 

is returned to the soil through microbial decomposition. Revegetation of the commons also provides material for direct 

incorporation into soil as green manure. Animal wastes are directed to biogas plants, from which bio-energy is supplied either 

to the households for cooking. The organic residue from the biogas plant (digested slurry) goes to enrich the soil as a nitrogenrich 

fertiliser. 


80

DWDU, Rajkot 

These are the major components in the agricultural programme to be carried out in the Programme: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seed distribution 

Seed multiplication 

Trials and Demonstrations 

Screening of new varieties 

Popularisation of a package of agricultural practices 

Floriculture 

Horticultural plantation 

Non Pesticide Management 

Vermicomposting 

Phoenix/datepalm plantation along the stream banks on farm bunds 

Jatropha plantation along fencing and on wastelands 

Afforestation 

Our effort has been to introduce a complete alternative to hybrid seeds and the Green Revolution package and practices as listed 

above. As a trial of the recommended practice of intercropping of different crops, farmers of the project area were chosen for 

Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs). These demonstrations attempt to make certain type of crop varieties popular again by 

showing the possibility of intercropping with a cash crop. The model, thus, attempts to show the households the possibility of 

getting some extra cash income while ensuring food security. In collaboration with ICRISAT, Hyderabad, Junagarh 

Agricultural University, KVK-Targharia, Rajkot, we will carry out trials of composite varieties of different crops as trail or 

demonstration plot. Seeds of varieties identified as suitable to the area will be disseminated to more than 100 farmers in 

watershed villages. Then attempt is to a comparative assessment of some of these varieties based on a detailed feedback 

obtained from the farmers of the area. This feedback will be then provided to scientists who devised these seeds. 


81

DWDU, Rajkot 

The Livestock Development Programme 

Many new initiatives in the field of veterinary care, fodder development, training programmes will be taken up that will 

bring the two villages in the diary map. Many of theses initiatives yielded results much beyond what we had hoped to achieve, 

however the year was also one of introspection in terms of the absence of a the leap in dairy development that we were 

expecting from the old routes. 

Loans to SHG members/UG groups 

The special loans for purchase of cattle will be made available to members in the location. Members will be given loans 

before the summer season. Members have to procure good quality animals. Veterinary support services will be provided by the 

veterinary hospitals and in animal husbandry camps. Accordingly members will be selected by the criteria fixed by the group. 

Breeds suitable for the area will be brought. 

Creation of a Risk Fund 

The livestock development programme will set up a risk fund to take care of an accidental death of the animals. 

Members who avail of cattle loans will contribute some amount towards a risk fund. In the event of death of the animal during 

the loan repayment period, money pooled in the risk fund can be used to help the member repay the loan outstanding. 

Veterinary Services 

Veterinary services will be provided in the cluster villages. The cluster was chosen for the reason that most families in 

the area are landless or near-landless. They are highly dependent on small ruminants like cows, buffaloes and other cattle. 

Vaccination camps will be conducted time to time against chronic diseases in the larger animals. The location also will be 

provided with successful Artificial insemination (AI) services, relying on the supplies provided by the government veterinary 

hospital in Maliya. 

The pregnant cow care programme was a concept borrowed from the Vasudhara Dairy, Valsad, Gujarat. This will be 

launched with the primary aim of demonstrating that the productivity of the local cows could be increased with appropriate 

feeding practices. Within this programme, veterinary professionals would first identify local cows which are pregnant and have 


82

DWDU, Rajkot 

around two more months to go before parturition. Once the animals were identified and if the owner was willing the animals 

were put on an intensive feeding and care programme for a three month period, from the start of the programme to one month 

after parturition. The cost per animal works out to Rs. 3700.The farmer would contribute the dry fodder and green fodder, in 

kind. Towards the costs of inputs procured from the market (works out to Rs. 1350), the costs were borne in the ratio 60:40 

between WCs and the farmer. Farmers from the project villages will be motivated to participate in the programme. 

Infertility in cattle is a major problem faced by the farmers in the area. This leads to huge economic losses for the 

farmer. In order to counter this problem an infertility programme will be also launched wherein the animals with this problem 

were segregated into two main groups after a detailed survey. The treatment consists of two stages, the idea being to reduce the 

cost to the farmer if the problem can be resolved at the first stage itself using cheaper medicines and proper feeding. 

Training and Exposure visits 

A large group of people, consisting mainly of women dairy farmers who will take loans for purchase of cattle, will visit 

the successful dairy cooperatives under the Vasudhara dairy, Valsad and the Panchmahal dairy, Godhra. These cooperatives 

were chosen mainly for the reason that many of the successful dairy farmers in these areas are small farmers belonging to 

various tribal communities. These dairies had also built up their business on the hard work of women farmers who had taken 

loans from the SHGs run by the cooperative union to buy cattle. The interaction will be helpful as dairy co-operative members 

in other district will make them to understand how those women, with a similar background, had been able to build up a good 

livelihood option revolving around the dairy. 

Training addressing the issue of infertility in animals will be provided to beneficiary group. Three day training cum exposure 

visit will be organized for the team and some farmers to the BAIF organization. The visit will provide a first hand view of the 

options open to dry land farmers to ensure the availability of good quality fodder. The farmers who had adopted such practices 

demonstrated how it could help in cutting down the cost of feed concentrates. 

One day training on azolla cultivation, as a means of providing high protein feed to livestock, will be organized by 

KVK. Scientist from the KVK, will demonstrate the simple method by which azolla could be grown in the backyard of farmers. 

Demonstration pits are expected to set up in the demonstration plot of farmers. 


83

DWDU, Rajkot 


84

DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.42: Details of allied / other activities: Kumbhariya 

S. 

No. 


village 

Kumbhariya 

Kumbhariya 


(i) Private 


(ii) 

Community 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Target 

Expected 

month & 


completion 

(mm/yyyy) 

Livelihood Intervention 

Small ruminants Private - - UG/SHG 0.43 May 2011 

Animal Husbandary/Dairy unit Private - - UG/SHG 6 Dec 2011 

Animal Camp (5 times) - Community - UG/SHG 1.5 June 2014 

Kitchen garden Kits(100 units) Private - - SHG 0.85 

August 

2014 

Business/Training/shop Private - - UG/SHG 2.4 Dec 2011 

Nonconventional energy saving 

devices (bio-fuel) in 2 ha 

- Community - WC/UG 0.67 Nov 2011 

Biogas 1 unit (GEDA) - Community - 8.74 Nov 2011 

Vermi Composting-1 unit - Community - UG 2.81 Jan 2011 

Total of Livelihood Intervention:23.4 but 8 lakh will be contributed by GEDA 

Production System and Microenterprise Development 

Crop 

demo./fodder 

grass/Phoenix 

Private Community - WC 3.79 May 2013 

Organic Agriculture Private - - UG/SHG 0.67 May 2011 

Nursery raising - Community - SHG 1.0 May 2011 

Floriculture (2 ha) Private Community - SHG 1.86 June 2011 

Veterinary Kits ( 105 units) Private - SHG 1.25 Jan 2014 

Papad making unit (6 unit) - Community - UG/SHG 1.4 Dec 2012 

Handicraft/Charkha Udyog(50) - 

Community 

- 

- UG/SHG 1.34 Dec 2011 

Handicraft/Charkha Udyog(50) 

(Convergence with DIC and 

Community UG/SHG 4.02 Dec 2011 

Udyog bharti for Machines) 

SHG revolving fund/Training - Community - SHG 1.5 Jan 2013 

Drip kits Private Community - SHG 1.25 Feb 2012 


85

DWDU, Rajkot 

Lemon Plantation (1 ha) - Community - UG/WC 1.35 May 2011 

Plantation of 

Horticulture(3799no) 

Private - - UG 0.57 June 2012 

Fodder unit - Community - UG 3.91 June 2012 

Hosiery shop - Community - SHG 1.5 Nov 2011 

Bhavai - Community - SHG 0.5 Nov 2011 

Total of Microenterprise and Production systems: 

23.91 lakhs 

Table no.42.1: Details of allied / other activities:Khakhrechi 

S. 

No. 


village 

1 Khakhrechi 

1 

Khakhrechi 


(i) Private 


(ii) 

Community 

(iii) 

Others 

(pl. 

specify) 

Executing 

agency 

(i) UG 

(ii)SHG 

(iii) WC 

Estimated 

cost 

(Rs. in 

lakh) 

Target 

Expected 

month & 


completion 

(mm/yyyy) 


Small ruminants Private - - UG/SHG 3.5 May 2011 

Animal Husbandary/Dairy 

unit 

Private - - UG/SHG 21 Dec 2011 

Animal Camp/AI/Exposure 

(12) 

- Community - UG/SHG 4.5 May 2011 

Kitchen garden Kits (388 

units) 

Private - - SHG 2.78 May 2013 

Roof water harvesting -15 Private - - UG/WC 3.00 May 2012 

Business/Training/shop/others Private - - UG/SHG 33.23 Dec 2011 

Non conventional energy 

saving devices (bio-fuel) 2 ha 

Community WC/UG 0.65 Nov 2011 

Biogas (20 units) Private - - UG 2.95 Nov 2011 

Vermi Composting(2 units) - Community - UG 5.62 Jan 2011 

Total of Livelihood Intervention: 77.23 

Production System and Microenterprise Development 

Crop demonstration Private Community - WC/UG 8.86 may 2013 

Organic Agriculture (3 ha) Private - UG/SHG 2.67 May 2011 

Nursery raising(6.07 Lacs 

Plant 

- Community - SHG 3.25 May 2011 


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Floriculture (4 ha) Private Community - SHG 3.75 June 2011 

Veterinary Kits(410 units) Private - SHG 3.92 Jan 2014 

Papad making unit Private Community - UG/SHG 5.6 Dec 2012 

Handi craft/Charkha Udyog Private Community - UG/SHG 1.33 Dec 2011 

SHG revolving fund - Community - SHG 12.2 Jan 2013 

Drip kits Private Community - PIA/WC 4.5 Feb 2012 

Lemon Plantation( 2 Hact) - Community - UG/WC 2.70 May 2011 

Fodder unit (5 Hact) - Community - UG 7.82 June 2012 

Mandap service Private - - UG 3.5 Nov 2012 

Shop - Community - UG 4.0 Nov 2012 

Mixer machine -Private - - UG 1.25 Nov 2012 

Honey packing Private Community - SHG 1.0 Nov 2012 

Centring Private - - SHG 4.0 Nov 2012 

Handy craft item Private Community - SHG 2.0 Nov 2013 

Hosiery shop Community - SHG 2.5 April 2012 

Turmeric packaging Unit Community - SHG 2.4 April 2012 

Soap Powder Manufacturing - Community - SHG 3.0 Dec 2013 

Masala - Community - SHG 4.0 Dec 2014 

Gali Manufacturing - Community - SHG 3.2 Nov 2013 

Embroidery work - Community - SHG 4.0 Nov 2013 

Business/Training/shop/others - Community - SHG/UG 8.61 Nov 2013 

Lether work - Community - SHG/UG 1.00 Nov 2013 

Total of microenterprise Intervention:- 101.06 


Promotion of micro-enterprises and various income generation activities is an important aspect of empowerment. Although it is 

extremely difficult to find remunerative self employment, there are enormous untapped opportunities in the rural sector. These 

include both on-farm and off-farm opportunities. Typically families living below poverty line, SC, ST and landless in a cluster 

of villages are motivated to take part in holistic development through livelihood opportunities through multidisciplinary 

interventions. 


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Advantages of Agro-Based Activities: While promoting various income generation activities, agro-based activities have 

advantages because of the following reasons: 

1. Target groups are acquainted with most of the basic skills. 

2. Easy access to inputs. 

3. No problems of marketing, as most of the outputs are locally consumed as food. 

4. As over 50-60 % of the rural families own land and livestock, income generation activities can be initiated immediately 

without heavy capital investment. 

5. Risk of failure due to improper technology, poor quality, low demand and poor price recovery are very low. Hence, the 

chances of success are high. 

6. Infrastructure required for promotion of on-farm activities has been very well established. Hence, the entrepreneurs can 

progress even in backward regions, which are deprived of regular power supply and electronic information connectivity. It is 

therefore advantageous to tap all the opportunities to promote various on-farm activities. The experience has confirmed that the 

best strategy to promote income generation activities through SHGs is to analyze the on-going agro-based activities undertaken 

by the members and introduce suitable interventions to enhance the production. There are also excellent opportunities to 

improve post production management of the produce through grading, storage, processing and marketing. 

Various micro-enterprises activities through UG and Self Help Groups will be promoted. The list of micro-enterprises taken up 

by various SHGs is presented below. Among these activities, agriculture followed by animal husbandry, Khadi making units 

and food processing. However, over a period of time, agriculture, animal husbandry and food processing super cede the trade as 

many individuals participate in enhancing their production at the family level and try to organize themselves to market them 

collectively. Other activities such as production of utility items, construction related activities, handicrafts and Moti work find it 

difficult to sustain due to poor marketing infrastructure, lack market and competition from other sources. 

Support Needed for Promotion of Micro-enterprises 

Following support is needed to promote micro-enterprises through women SHGs. 

1. Motivation of the target communities, particularly women and landless farmers 


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2. Formation of Self Help Groups and their Federations 

3. Gender sensitization 

4. Training and capacity building 

5. Micro-finance. Provision of credit facilities and linkage with banks 

6. Development of infrastructure, particularly through the SHG Federations to provide necessary support services and 

marketing 

7. Trade networking and establishment of market outlets 

8. Village level Information Centre: The multi-disciplinary team interacted with the SHGs and User groups to explore the 

potentials for development of various enterprises and extend necessary support for dissemination of technologies, procurement 

of inputs, and training of members and establishment of linkage with the market. There should be some agency to provide 

guidance to the entrepreneurs as and when needed. 

The selected production activities for the watershed villages follow the above-mentioned process, and are selected in such a 

way that they should be: 

economically viable 

environmentally sustainable 

socially equitable 

energy efficient 

employment generation 

Production System-1: Papad production units 

For women to become a successful entrepreneur, she needs access to capital, technical and managerial know-how and market. 

The essence to empower rural women lies in catalyzing appropriate economic activities at the grass root level and creating new 

opportunities for them to earn higher income in order ton improve their standard of living. This objective could be 


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accomplished by establishing enterprises that are based on the locally available resources and preferably indigenous knowledge. 

Self Help Groups (SHG), each with 10-20 members, will be motivated and proper training will be provided for each micro 

enterprise activity which will improve the quality of their own lives as well as the lives of those around them. 

Introduction 

Papad is delicious snack. It is consumed at homes, restaurants, hotels, etc. Papad is a traditional item consumed in all 

functions. Traditionally this activity was confined to household papad making but in view of increasing demand and availability 

of machinery (mechanisation) it has now been developed in cottage and small scale sector. Enterprise can be started by 2 family 

members and optimum machinery. 

Market 

Field survey findings indicated that papad industry has good potential in big centers in cities like Morbi and Maliya 

miyana of Rajkot areas. There is a good demand for papads because it is a food product and commonly consumed commodity in 

all households and hotels. Women entrepreneurs can gainfully take up this papad unit in their houses but proper packing and 

distribution network is necessary to sell in bulk quantities. 

Manufacturing Process 

Generally weighed quantity of floor is taken in a mixer. A solution of common salt and carbonates is added in requisite 

quantity of water and the contents are kneaded at maximum speed to get a homogenous lump of the dough. After resting the 

dough for 30 minutes, it is divided into balls. These are pressed into circular discs. Corn starch can be used as dusting material 

to prevent stickiness. The papads are usually dried. After drying, it is packed in various size packing. Lot of 25 or 50 papads is 

then packed in polythene bags. Papad can be manufactured from different varieties of pulses or there could be a combination of 

pulses as well. Ingredients required for Papad making are Black gram, oil, sodium carbonate, flour of Arhar dal. 


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Process flow chart of Papad making 

Dough formation from various ingredients 

Making small balls from dough 

Pressing/Rolling 

Sun Drying 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Production Capacity 

Monthly approximately 250 kg papad can be produced. 

Static Capital Investments: 

A) Land/Infrastructure : 

A person can start his activity in his own house by using Approx. 150 Sq. Ft. carpet area. 

B) Plant/Machinery/Instruments etc. 

Sr. 

Particular Nos. Price (Rs.) 

No. 

B) Plant/Machinery/Instruments etc. 

1 Flour Mill with electric motor 1 17000.00 

2 Set for Papad making/Rolling 1000.00 

3 Other instruments 1000.00 

4 Installation, foundation etc. 3000.00 

Total : - 22000.00 

C) Office Furniture etc. 

1 Cup board 3000.00 

D) Capital Investment 

Raw Material and wages of labour 3000.00 

Grand Total :- 28000.00 

Production Cost (Monthly) 

1 Raw Material 3500.00 

2 Power fuel charge 200.00 

3 Packing 100.00 

4 Depreciation Cost 200.00 


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5 Repair, Storage etc. 100.00 

6 House Rent 250.00 

7 Others 100.00 

Total : - 4450.00 

Total Production (Monthly) 

1. Papad 250 Kg X Rs. 32/Kg 8000 

Cost Benefit Ratio (Monthly) 

Monthly Selling income 8000 

Production Cost 4450 

------------ 

Total monthly income will be Rs. 3550 3550 

The unit can be taken up by landless, small farmer and land with limited farm labour, thus making it most suitable to the 

project villages, and the scheme will be taken up in such a manner that there should be no marketing problem, as they will be 

consumed directly by the near by villages or cities. Training will be provided to the beneficiaries and the content is shown 

below 

Training Content 

A. Theoretical 

• Introduction to different types of papads. 

• Tools and Equipments used in papad making. 

• Dough making - variations in shapes, size, and flavour. 

• The processes involved in papads making. 

• The hygiene aspects associated with food products. 

• Market development. 

• Addresses of the suppliers of raw materials, & packaging materials. 

B. Practical 

• Raw materials for papad making – the quality and variety. 

• Introduction to the machinery and equipments used. 


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• Dough making and the value addition in the form of flavours. 

• Bringing about variations in shapes and sizes. 

• Papad & Chips making – Practical 

• Drying and preservation 

• Cost considerations and waste reduction. 

• Pricing & packaging 

Production System-2: Dairy Buffalo Farming 

Estimated Project cost for Dairy Buffalo farming of one unit 

Farming is a complex, multi-component, interactive process that is dependant in land, animal, human and natural resources as 

well as capital investment. Sustainable agriculture embraces all such aspects of farming system. Small and marginal land 

holders can reap the benefit. In this context live stock is an important component. 

Dairy farming scheme can be taken up in the semi-urban, village and near highway villages, for the sake on transportation, 

breeding and marketing facilities. Since milk is an easily perishable item, it is to be immediately consumed or sold, so the farms 

needs to be located in the consuming centre itself. The scheme provides for purchase of one milch animal, construction of byre, 

feeding equipments and water tank. Cost of feed for one year and the insurance premium for the first year has also been 

capitalised. The recurring expenditures include cost of feed and medicines, water and electricity charges and insurance fees. The 

concentrated feeds will be supplemented with green grasses and fodder tree leaves. 

A. Non – Recurring Expenditure: 

1. Construction of Byre (Cowshed) and feed Godown @ 50 Sq.ft. floor / Buffalo @ Rs. 100 per Sq.ft: Rs. 10000.00 

2. Cost of Water Storage Tank L.S.: Rs. 2,000.00 

3. Cost of equipments i.e. watering trough, milk can, Basin etc. @ Rs. 1125/- per animal 

--------------------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 13125.00 

--------------------------------------------------------- 

B. CAPITALISED EXPENDITURE: 


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1. Cost of one dairy buffalo @ Rs. 35,000/- (including transportation) 

2. Veterinary Aids, Medicines, Vaccination, Breeding charge etc. @ Rs. 500/- per animal per year 

3. Cost of Feed for one year @ Rs.8 Kg/ buffalo/ day, @ Rs. 10/- per Kg. conc.: Rs. 29,200.00 

4. Insurance premium @ 6.5% of original cost for 1 Nos. of Buffalo. : Rs. 1,950.00 

5. Water & Electricity charges @ Rs. 30 per buffalo per month: Rs. 360.00 

--------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 67,010.00 

--------------------------------------------- 

C. Total Investment Cost: 

i.e. A + B = Rs. 13125.00 + Rs. 67,010.00 = Rs. 80135.00 

D. Gross Income (for the first one year): 

1. Sale of 2700 lits. of milk average 10 lits./ animal / day for 270 days @ Rs. 20 per lit. Of milk: Rs. 54000.00 

2. Sale of manure (dung) @ Rs. 550 per cow per year 

3. Sale of empty Gunny bags: Rs. 450.00 

---------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 55000.00 

---------------------------------------------- 

E. Cost of expenditure for one year: (to be continued by the beneficiary) 

1) Cost of concentrated feed @ 8 Kg/ cow/ day @ Rs. 10/ per Kg. for 365 days: Rs 29,200.00 

2) Cost of Veterinary Aids, medicines, etc. @ Rs. 500/- per animal per year 

3) Water & Electricity charge @ Rs. 30 per animal per month: Rs. 360.00 

4) Insurance premium @ 6.5 % of original Cost: Rs. 1950.00 

----------------------------------------------------- 

Total: Rs. 32,010.00 

----------------------------------------------------- 


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F. Net Income (for first one year) 

i.e. D – E = Rs. 55000.00 - Rs. 32010.00 = Rs. 22,990.00 

Note: Assuming the farmer maintaining the same strength of the herd or may add one more animal and at the same production 

trend, the account statement of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th year will be more. 

Assumption and Technical norms 

1. Cost of one Dairy Buffalo: Rs. 35,000.00 

2. Floor space: 50 sq.ft. per cow. 

3. Feed consumption: 8 Kg. concentrate 25 Kg. fodders per day 

4. Feed price: Rs. 10/- per Kg. (concentrate feed ) 

5. Selling Price of milk: Rs. 20 per litre. 

6. Manure Production: 5 tonnes per animal per year. 

7. Sale of Manure: Rs. 550 

8. Lactation period: 270 days per year. 

9. Average dry period: 95 days. 

10. Land: Considered available free of cost. 

Production System-3: Fodder bank for Watershed villages 

Introduction: 

"The fodder bank technology is a farming practice whereby leguminous shrubs and grass species are grown on a farm to 

provide fodder for livestock sector." It provides a wide range of animal products that are rich in high quality proteins and have 

the potential as good and sustainable sources of income in many areas. Through the dairy cooperative societies, farmers will be 

supplied with seeds of bajra, multi-cut jowar and cowpea for the summer season; bajra, multi cut jowar and maize for the kharif 


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season and bajra and berseem for the Rabi season. The demand for fodder seeds was the highest for the Rabi season. Farmers 

cite the availability of green grass in abundance during the rains as a reason for their not devoting acreage solely for fodder 

during the kharif season. The accent of the programme during the year was to get across the message of growing a mixture of 

fodder crops providing complete nutrition for the animals. The success of the programme lay in making available quality fodder 

seeds to farmers. One aspect where we could have done better was in getting farmers to try out a mix of fodder crops and 

devote needed acreage to growing fodder for their animals. The fodder bank ensures fodder availability which in turn reduces 

the distressed migration of the people resulting in sustainable livelihood opportunities and enhances natural resource security in 

the project area. 

Objective of a fodder bank: 

1. Build a local fodder bank and organize the distribution of fodder during drought and scarce situation. . 

2. Establish and maintain village fodder farm in the community grazing area, and allocate the community land for fodder 

production, in association with dairy co-operatives. 

3. Control regulates and charge in the community grazing and pastures lands. 

4. Undertake the distribution of fodder seeds and slips in the village. 

Primary problem of the project 

Both Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi village come under totally rain fed agriculture and soil is very suitable for fodder crop 

mainly sorghum but due the scarcity of irrigation water only one crop can be taken throughout the year. So fodder bank play 

an important role to solve this problem. Majority of farmers own more than 3 ha of land for food and fodder production but 

lack of irrigation water has made these lands unproductive. The concept of fodder bank can overcome the problem of seasonal 

feed shortage, migration and poor animal performance. 

It is the milch animal, which is the worst affected during these periods of drought, due to lack of productivity of sufficient 

fodder and water. As a result, the poor are forced to let go with their animals in search of fodder and green pastures to other 

parts of the state. This eventually leads to colossal loss of income generating assets, poor demographic profile of village and 

low education level of their children. 


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Even in good years, during harvesting season, the poor tend to sell their crop residue or fodder to earn cash. At such time 

when supply is higher than demand, they are not able to sell fodder at remunerative prices. The same fodder is bought back by 

them, mostly at higher prices during the months of scarcity. 

To meet the critical needs of fodder, especially for the poor families and protect them from inordinately high prices during the 

summer months, fodder banks are proposed to be setup at both the village level. 

Feasibility of Fodder Bank: 

A detailed survey and Focused Group Discussion was conducted in both Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi watershed area. 

The number and type of cattle as well as the fodder production capacity of the village was collected during door to door survey. 

In focused group discussion several factors like the various types of fodder available locally, the quantity of fodder to be stored 

in the fodder bank, the size of fodder bank, the amount of finances required to operate a fodder bank etc were discussed with the 

farmers, User group and Watershed committee. The fodder bank should be sustainable and towards that, the sale price of fodder 

should cover operating costs and losses in storage. All these decisions were taken jointly with the member of operating fodder 

bank. 

Table 42.i .Primary Model for A Fodder Bank 

A Total Dairy farmers 39 

No. of adult animals 

No. of calves 

No. of Cattle to be catered by one fodder bank. 

299 36 

Total 335 

Fodder requirement per day (10kg dry fodder for adult 

and 5 kg for calf). 

Fodder requirement for 180 days. 

Fodder available from lands/farms/pasture land (60%) 

5025 Kg 

9045 quintal 

5427 quintal 


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Fodder expected from community land 

20 hac *150=3000 quintal 

Cost of cultivation for fodder production (See Table:2) 105000 Rs 

3618-3000=618 quintal 

Remaining requirement for 120 days Total Cost Avg. 

procurement rate in harvesting season, Rs.500 per Qt. 

500*618= Rs.309000/- 

including transportation *.Net Cost of Fodder Production 

"K' (cost of cultivation + Cost of procurement) 

B. Area development for fodder bank Land required Approx. Rs 12000 

3500 m 2 (preferably land will be allotted by Gram 

Panchayat @ Rs.600 per month) 

C. Cl. Fencing + Weighing machine + Small shed + Other tools. Rs.70,000/- 

D. Total Cost for Fodder bank (A+B) Rs. 3,91,000/- 


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Table no: 42.ii, Cost of cultivation for fodder production 

Cost Detail 

Unit cost 

1. Cost for tillage 4.5 hour*20 hec*400 = Rs 36000 

2. Cost for seed 12 kg seed *20 hec *100 = Rs 24000 

3. Cost for fertilizer Rs 20,000 

4. Cost for irrigation 

Rs 15,000 

Rs 5. Depreciation cost Rs 10,000 

Total cost for 20 hec Rs. 105,000 

Table No. 42.iii: Revenue and return Details. 

S. No Return Details Cost (in Rs.) 

1 Cost of fodder Per Kg = 3,91,100/309000 

1.26 Rs/kg 

2. Selling Price of Fodder Rs 2 /Kg 

3. Net selling Price Rs. 723600/- 

4. Net Profit Rs 227500/- 

Production of Fodder: 

We will produce 3000 quintal fodder from community land of Gram Panchayat and for remaining requirement we can fulfil by 

two ways first one buy the fodder at the time of harvesting and second we can take land on lease agreement from some other 

government as well as private agency. 

Technical Support/Assistance: 


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To ensure proper technical support for fodder bank and smooth functioning of activities the required technical assistance may be 

taken from Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) and Dept. of Agriculture. 

Advantages: 

The importance of a fodder bank can be well understood. The fodder banks will provide much needed relief and self-reliance to 

poor in the village especially in drought condition. Specifically, the advantages are:- 

> It will reduce migration during drought condition. 

> Farmers can purchase and sale of fodder at village level, thus doing away with costs incurred by them to carry out these 

transactions at the city market. 

> It can reduce in overall market prices of fodder during the lean season. 

> Ensure availability of fodder during the lean season at affordable and reasonable prices. 

> Reduced distress sale of cattle due to non -availability and / or non-affordability of fodder. 

> Higher incomes for the poor as cattle will have enough fodder even during the lean season 

> Increase employment opportunities at the village level associated with the sale, purchase and storage of fodder. 


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Production System - 4: Vermi composting unit for Project villages 

Introduction: 

The wide spread problems of soil degradation and desertification are threatening agricultural sustainability. Throughout the 

project village large populations of domestic animals producing large amounts of organic wastes. These organic residues, or 

„waste materials‟, can be transformed more quickly and into a more useful vermi-compost, available for urban and land 

application. Nutrients within vermi-composted material are readily available to plants, and can be added to agricultural land to 

improve soil structure and fertility or used as good quality and marketable additive to potting soil or plant growth media. The 

process of composting crop residues using earthworms comprise spreading the agricultural wastes and cow dung in layers as 1 

m wide and 0.3 m high beds of required length. Earthworms are introduced in between the layers @ 350 worms per m 3 of bed 

volume. The beds are maintained at about 40 - 50% moisture content and a temperature of 20 - 30° C by sprinkling water over 

the beds. The earthworms being voracious eaters consume the biodegradable matter and give out a part of the matter as excreta 

or vermi-castings. The vermi-casting containing nutrients are rich manure for the plants. 

Objectives 

• To train farmers / SHGs in organic farming and vermi-culture. 

• To promote production of vermi-castings as a viable small business venture 

About The Worms 

Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavatius are some of the species for rearing to convert organic wastes into 

manure. The worms feed on any biodegradable matter ranging from coir waste to kitchen garbage and Vermi-composting units 

are ideally suited to locations / units with generation of considerable quantities of organic wastes. One earthworm reaching 

reproductive age of about six weeks lays one egg capsule (containing 7 embryos) every 7 - 10 days. Three to seven worms 

emerge out of each capsule. Thus, the multiplication of worms under optimum growth conditions is very fast. The worms live 

for about 2 years. Fully grown worms could be separated and dried in an oven to make 'worm meal' which is a rich source of 

protein (70%) for use in animal feed. 

Location 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Both Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi village has lots of animal so it can become good composting center as well as good source of 

livelihood. Vermicompost is very suitable for fruit, flower and vegetable as well as cereal crops. It increases quality and quantity 

of product in per unit area. 

Market/Use 

Vermi compost is a valuable input for sustainable agriculture and wasteland development. This also can be used widely in pot 

culture and in home gardens. Several farmers are successfully using vermi-comost. Vermi compost has more nutrient compare 

to other manures and fertilizer so by the use of compost we can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. Vermi compost not only 

supply nutrient but also improve quantity of hormones for plant growth, improves the soil structure leading to increase in water and 

nutrient holding capacities of soil. 

Components of A Commercial Unit 

Sheds 

Shed is necessary as the temperature in summer is high. We can make it by the use of concrete pillars because this will act as a 

source of income for those in the village who produce pillars. It will prevent wetting of beds due to rain on a windy day. While 

designing the sheds adequate room has to be left around the beds for easy movement of the labour attending to fill and harvest the 

beds. 

Vermi-beds 


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Scientific bed size proposed here is 10mt by 1 mt by 0.3 mt. The whole bed area should be above the ground. The bed should have a 

uniform height over the entire width to the extent possible to avoid low production owing to low bed volumes. The proper bed 

width should not be more that 1.5 m to allow easy access to the centre of the bed. 

Land 

About 750 square meter of land is required to set up a vermi compost production unit in each village. It should have at least one 

super structure to cover the 40 beds. It should have an arrangement for watering and other equipments as required because 

moisture is very essential for compost production. Land can be taken from Gram panchayat on lease of at least 10-15 years. 

Seed Stock 

This is very important thing because worms multiply at the rate of 350 worms per m 3 of bed space over a period of 6 month 

to a year. 

Fencing 

The entire area has to be fenced to prevent the stray animals and other unwanted elements. These could be estimated based on 

the length of the periphery of the farm. 

Water Supply System 

We have to maintain always 50% moisture content, there is need to plan for a water source, lifting mechanism and a system of 

conveying and applying the water to vermi-beds. Drippers with round the clock flow arrangement would be quite handy for 

continuous supply and saving on water. Such a water supply/application system requiring considerable initial investment, 

however, reduces the operational costs on hand watering and proves economical in the long run. The cost of these items 

depends on the capacity of the unit and the type of water supply chosen. 

Machinery 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Farm machinery and implements are required for cutting the raw material in small pieces, conveying shredded raw material to 

the vermi-sheds, loading, unloading, collection of compost, loosening of beds for aeration, shifting of the compost. Costs of 

providing necessary implements and the machinery have to be included in the project cost. 

Table: 42.iv Model of a Vermi-compost Unit for 40 beds of Dimension (10mt*1mt*0.3mt) 

S. No Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Amount 

(Rs.) 

1 Super Structure construction with truss with fencing 128750 

2 Shade net for covering the roof 750 sqrt mt. 25 18750 

3 Binding wire for tying 200 Kg 50 10000 

4 Labour charges for erection of sheds 100 100 10000 

5 Shovels, spades, crowbars, iron baskets etc 15000 

6 Weighing scale (100 kg capacity) 1 2500 2500 

7 Cow dung @ 80kg/m3 96 qtl 250 24000 

8 Worms 200 kg 70 14000 

9 Formation of vermin bed with agro-waste, cow dung and worms 50000 

10 Miscellaneous - - 3000 

11 Training 5000 

12 Total cost - - Rs. 

281000 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table No-42.v.: Returns from vermicomposting 

Benefits 

1. Sale of vermin compost of 120 tones @ Rs.3000/- per ton 120*3000=360,000 Rs 

2. Sale of worms @ 5 kg per ton of compost and Rs. 50 per kg 600*50=30,000 Rs 

3.Total 

3,90,000 Rs/- 

Net benefit 

1,09,000 Rs/- 

Training will be provided to all the stakeholders by KVK and VVK, Rajkot which can be divided in to two categories and 

shown below. 

A. Theoretical 

• Introduction to Organic Farming 

• Need and the importance of Organic farming 

• Introduction to Composting methods 

• Vermi-culture 

• Earth Worms, nature, identification and selection 

• Vermi-castings 

• Vermi-compost 

• Marketing Avenues 

• Application of vermicomposting 

• Addresses of the suppliers of worms. 

B. Practical 

• Production Methods 


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• Raw Materials 

• Site and the type of Infrastructure 

• Tank 

• Vermi-bed 

• Harvest 

• Quality Analysis 

• Storage & Packaging 

• Dos and Don‟ts 

Production System – 5 Khadi based industries 

Collaboration with Udyog Bharti 

Demands for cotton textile and readymade garments are on the rise in the state. Incentive Plan was envisaged to step up 

measures like charting upgraded designs, supplying looms and ancillary inputs, building up centres complete with facilities 

conducive to the trade, assistance in advertisement and marketing etc. 

To empower and create opportunities for empowerment in the project villages by creating a new skill, we have a 

collaboration with Udyog Bharti, which mainly is a Khadi based Industry situated in Gondal Taluka, Rajkot. 

Udyog Bharti is a statutory organisation engaged in promoting and developing Khadi and village industries for 

providing employment opportunities in the rural areas, thereby strengthening the rural economy of the distict. It undertakes 

activities like skill improvement, transfer of technology, research & development, marketing, etc., in the process of generating 

employment/self-employment opportunities in rural areas. Training will be provided by Udyog Bharti to around 150 women 

from the project villages for Khadi products/stitching and patch work products for 3 months. 

Training Content 

1. Simple Charkha Operation 

2. Twisting of yarn of different count 

3. Repair and maintenance and general operation of the machine. 

4. Training to keep them updated with latest trends as per changes in design 


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5. Productions 

6. Account handling 

Expected Impact, Outcome and Outputs: The impact of such activities is to increase the participation of woman, SC, BPL 

and young people in economic activities. The outcome of the model is to develop micro enterprise development program based 

on proven models which can be implemented through the clusters project villages. The outputs included: (i) establishment of 

pilot micro enterprises in producing khadi based design and providing services, (ii) establishment of a set of good practices in 

women micro enterprise development (iii) trained and well informed women beneficiaries on micro enterprise development, 

and (iv) an implementation plan for further rollout of micro enterprises. 

In order to provide insurance cover to Khadi artisans, a scheme of group insurance in the name of Khadi Karigar will be 

provided with a premium of just Rs 100.The premium will be shared as Rs. 50 central government social security fund, Rs. 25/- 

by Khadi Institution and Rs. 12.50/- each by Khadi artisan and KVIC. The compensation payable under this scheme, Rs. 

30,000/- in case of natural death, Rs. 75,000/- in case of accidental death, Rs. 75,000/- in case of full permanent disability due 

to accident, and Rs.37,500/- in case of part permanent disability due to accident. 

The strategy of reducing poverty by focusing on development of rural micro enterprise is innovative. The project will introduce 

changes and innovations of demonstrated effectiveness in approach, organization and processes, which today constitute a 

proven strategy for supporting rural micro enterprise. 

In particular,empowering micro entrepreneurs to set their own priorities and identify their own needs is an innovation that offers 

significant strategic potential and lays the foundation for an inclusive, participatory and dynamic process of rural development. 

Governance 

Monthly meeting 

Accent to co-operatives account to members 

For any policy or resolution to be passed 

Enhanced control due to 

-Self management 

-Democratic member control 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

-One member one vote 

Membership criteria 

1) The Charkha (machine) will be provided by Udyog Bharti after registration of the member and paying the minimum 

contribution amount (Different subsidy for different group) 

2) Minimum age for a member should be 18 years. 

3) Ready to work in 7-8 hours in a day and complete the given task fortnightly. 

4) The Charkha will be handed over to next member if found unsatisfactory work, to the next member paying the contribution 

amount 

By-laws of SHGs groups will be valid. 

Capital Requirement and Finance 

Ambar Charkha (will be provided by Khadi Udyog): 9400 x 50 members = 470000 

Training and Administration: 10000 x 4 months = 40000 

Room Rent: 700 per month = 2800 

Training and Exposure: = 24000 

Total: 66800 

Production System – 6 Floriculture unit 

Floriculture 

Floriculture industry a lucrative business comprising traditional flowers , cut flowers, pot plants, dry floral crafts and planting 

materials, besides value-added products like bouquets, garlands, floral baskets, floral concretes, pot-pour and oils. It has proved 

to be a highly profitable agro-business generating maximum returns per unit area. Flowers like Rose, Marigold can be profitably 

cultivated. Rose and marigold fetch very high prices in the local market. This can be a good alternative and economic crop for 

the small stakeholders. The package of practices for commercial cultivation of these crops has been standardized and 

technology has been transferred. 

a) Marigold 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Marigold gained popularity amongst farmer and flower dealers on account of its easy culture, wide adaptability, attractive 

colour, shape, size and good keeping quality. Marigold is valued loose flower for making garlands. Besides, it is used as trap 

crop in the borders to attract insects attacking the main crop. Three weeks old seedlings are planted which grows up to a height 

of 75-90 cm at maturity with deep orange or lemon yellow flowers. It is propagated through seeds and cuttings. For better 

growth and improvement, application of NPK @80:40:80kg/ha is recommended. Flowers are plucked when they have attained 

the full size and it should be done in cool hours of the day either in the evening or morning. Good varieties of marigold are 

Namdhari marigold, First Lady and Pusa Narangi. Pinching of terminal leaves was found to significantly increase growth and 

yield in Pusa Basanti and Pusa Narangi gaindha. Pusa Narangi is mostly preferred due to higher flower production. 

Sowing time 

Transplanting 

time 

Flowering time 

Harvesting time 

Mid June Mid July Late rain Picked once in 3 

Mid Sept. Mid October Winter 

days; 60 days 

Jan- Feb. Feb.- March Summer 

after planting 

Input required 

Good quality seedlings, nursery to raise seedlings, manpower, manures and fertilizers. 

Table No-42.vi: Economics of Marigold cultivation 

Economics of Marigold cultivation in 1 Hectare 

S.No Particulars Expenditure (Rs.) Income 

1 Land Preparation 7500 - 

2 Seedlings (40000 nos) 20000 - 

3 Sowing/watering etc 15000 - 

4 Farm Yard Manure 15000 - 

5 Application of Fertiliser cost 3125 

6 Ploughing 7000 - 

7 Labour cost for weeding/soil bed 15000 - 

8 Plucking of flowers 7600 

9 Miscellaneous 2000 

Total Expenditure: 84625 


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10 Production (Kg/Ha) Rate/Kg Income (Rs) 

11 2500 50 125000 

12 Net Profit 40375 

Activity Flow Chart - Marigold 

Climate (20-32 0 C) 

Sandy Loam 

Propagation 

Seed 

Raising seedlings in open field 

Stem 

Cutting 

Transplanting (1 month old) 

Spacing (50Cm × 50Cm) 

N:P:K (80:40:80kg/ha) + FYM 15 

tonnes/ha 


Irrigation (once in 4-5 days during dry period) 

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b) Sunflower 

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop in India popularly known as “Surajmukhi.” It is one of the 

fastest growing oilseed crops in India. Sunflower being a short duration and day neutral plant is quite suitable to fit in our 

existing cropping system. Sunflower is a major source of vegetable oil in the world. It is used for a variety of cooking purposes. 

Sunflower seed contains about 48 – 53 percent edible oil. It is used as nutritious meal for birds and animals. Sunflower has one 

of the shortest growing seasons of the major cash crops. Plants are drought-resistant and grow well in soils ranging in texture 

from sand to clay. Soils should have good drainage for sunflower production. 

Like most field crops, sunflower requires the kind of good seed-bed which results from carrying out a second ploughing if the 

field is planted on a fallow/barren land. By ploughing, only once on already cultivatable land, however, a farmer can reduce his 

variable costs of production. By and large farmers have now adopted improved methods of planting. The crop was initially 

broadcast done before sunflower gained popularity from various institutions. Line planting, however, is now dominant with 

recommended spacing of 75cm by 50cm and 2 seeds per hole. An application of P 2 0 5 fertilizer before planting and 60kg/ha of 

Nitrogen at thinning are recommended. Lower plant populations are recommended in areas where rainfall is limited (on 

average 33,000-45,000 plants per ha in semi-arid areas). However, the highest yields and oil percentages are obtained by 

planting early. Seed can be planted to a maximum depth of 10cm if necessary to reach moisture. 

Sunflower harvesting 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Sunflower harvesting, by hand or machine, takes place when the upper leaves have started to dry and the flowers are faded. 

In some cases, especially when the fields are small, it is preferable to harvest the crop before maturity. This decreases the risk of 

losses from attacks by birds and other pests. 

Hand harvesting 

Manual harvesting is done by cutting off heads with a knife or clippers. 

If, at harvest time, the moisture content of the seeds is higher than 15 percent, the heads should be pre-dried before threshing. 

Mechanized harvest 

Mechanized harvesting of sunflowers is generally done with combine harvesters designed for wheat, but modified and equipped 

with a sunflower-picker head. 

The work capacity of these machines is about 0.9 h/ha. 

Seed Type 

Name of the hybrids 

KBSH-1, Jwalamukhi, Sungene-85, PAC-36, PAC- 

1091, MLSFH-47 

Name of the varieties 

GAUSUF-15, Morden TNAUSUF-7 


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Table No-42.vii: Technical Details of Sunflower Plantation Activities 


Crop Name 

Sunflower 

Plant To Plant Spacing 0.50 Mt 

Row to Row Spacing 0.75 Mt 

Seed Required 32 Kg 

No. or rows 133 No. 

Cultivation Area(100 X 100) Mt 10000 Sq. Mt 

No. of Plants 3000 Nos. 

Plantation Area 1.00 Ha. 

No. of Plants for 1.00 ha 30000 Nos. 

Gap Filling 20 % 

S. No. Description No. Length Width Dept 

h(m.) (m.) h (m.) Unit Quanti Rate Amoun 

ty 

t 

1 Cultivation cost before sowing 100 100 Ha 10000 4850 

2 Providing sunflower seeds(Incl. transportation, loading and 32 Kg 32 225 7200 

unloading 

3 Sowing of sunflower seeds 3200 

4 Irrigation and other miscellaneous cost 35000 

5 Application of fertilizers and fungicides, watering, weeding cost and other 

25000 

treatment etc complete 

6 Threshing and collection of sunflowers 4500 

7 Contingency . 6500 

Total 86250 

fsfsjdfs 

Cost jf Benefit ratio of sunflower plantation 


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Total cost of 1 Hactare plantation: Rs.86250 

Total benefit obtained from the sunflower plantation: 

Total Yield from 1 hactare : 980 Kg 

Cost of sunflower seeds in the market: Rs. 117 per Kg 

So, total amount obtained from the sunflower plantation is Rs. 115250 

So, Net Profit will be Rs. 115250-86250 = Rs.29000 per Hactare 

c) Rose Plantation 

Commercial Farming of Rose in Gujarat: The main districts which are having commercial farming of rose are Ahmedabad, 

Baroda, Anand, Surat, Navsari and Valsad. Nowadays Saurashtra farmers have also been motivated for rose farming through 

watershed activities. 

Varieties of Rose: There are approx. 2000 varieties of roses are available. Some of them are as under. 

1) Miniature (Vaman) Rose: Plants are short; Leaves are small, planted in buckets (kundas) or around the garden. 

Varieties in this type are Baby gold star, Pipilov, Scarlet Jem, Nartaki 

2) Floribanda: big size flowers, flowers are in bunch. 

Varieties: 

White: Iceberg, summer s now, Hemangini 

Pink: Queen Elisabeth, Junius miss, Delhi prince, Bon bon, Narmada, Rupal 

Orange: Anabel , Flemeko, Zenina, Sunfire, Dipak, Dipika 

Red: Europeana, Marlena, Zizi, Devdaji, Jantar-mantar 

Yellow: Circus, Golden Rain, Mahadev 

Lavender : Mahuva, Milambari, Sushma 

3) Hybrid-Tee : Most adoptable variety in India, big and attractive flowers. 

White: Virgo, Paskali, White masterpiece, Tushar, John of Kienedy, Viet van, Garden party 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Pink: Confidence, Marita Flash, Michel Miland, Pitar Fenkrenfold, First Prize 

Yellow: Garga, Golden giant, Landora, Mubela, Bikaner 

Orange: Arizona, Kolit flame, Just Joy, Super Star, Montezuma 

Red: Papa Miland, Red master piece, krimson Glory, Red devil, Sofia loren, happiness Gladiator 

4) Mixed Colour : Crises of fire, careless love, Granda,American hermits 

Poly entha: short plants, long time seed germination 

Velia Gulab: like Velas, Varieties : Casino, Koktel delhi white, purl, lemark tempo, Royal gold 

Climate: Cold and dry atmosphere is best suited for rose planting. Rose can be planted in hot and moist environment also but 

requires more scope of disease. 

Soil: Soil with good drain, fertile and medium black soil is suited to rose planting. It can be sown in sandy soil also, but 

required more compost manure. 

Sometimes due to poor drain capacity of black soil, water logging damages rose plants. By improving soil drain 

capacity, rose plants can be sown in heavy black soil also. Rose plants require more sunlight. So it should be sown in place 

which is open to sunlight. 

Sowing: Digging pits of size 60x60x60 cm and it should be open to sunlight up to 10 to 15 days. In the dig soil 6 to 8 kg cow 

dung manure should be mixed. Moreover, 50gm Urea, 100 Gram super phosphate and 50 gram Murate of potash should be 

mixed. If fungi are there, 3 to 5 gm BHC should also be mixed. 

Time of sowing: Roses can be sown throughout the year. But it should not be sown in heavy rainfall season like July-August 

and also not in April-May. 

Economic of Rose cultivation in 1 Hectare 

S.No Particulars Expenditure Income 

(Rs.) 

1 Land Preparation 7500 

2 Seedlings (5000 nos), Rs. 6 per plant 30000 - 

3 Sowing/watering etc 12500 - 

4 Farm Yard Manure 12000 - 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

5 Application of Fertiliser cost 2800 

6 Ploughing 7000 - 

7 Labour cost for weeding/soil bed 18000 - 

8 Plucking of flowers(Considering 58 Mandays) 8900 

9 Miscellaneous 2000 

Total Expenditure: 100700 

10 Production (Kg/Ha) Rate Income 

11 1250 120 150000 

Net Profit : 49300 

Production System – 7: Turmeric Cultivation 

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is used as spice, dye and in cosmetic industry. It is an erect, perennial herb grown as an annual crop. 

Turmeric will be grown in the cluster villages as a rain fed crop depending on location. It comes up well under sparse shade also 

and can be grown as an intercrop. The Agro climatic condition of Gujarat is ideal for cultivation of turmeric. As small cottage 

industries are on the increase where drying, processing and grinding of turmeric can be done, there is tremendous scope in 

increasing the area under turmeric further. It is therefore, proposed to cover an area of 3.17 Ha. @ Rs. 75,600/- per Ha. Details 

of cost estimate and year wise physical and financial break-up is given below. 

Table No-42.viii: Economics of turmeric cultivation in 1ha. Area 

1 Cost of cultivation Rs 75600/- 

2 Production 15 MT 

3 Minimum sale rate Rs. 15/- per Kg 

4 Gross income ( 2x3) Rs. 2,25,000/- 

5 Net profit (4-1) Rs. 149400/- 


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SI No. Particulars Qnty Rate Amount 

A-1 Turmeric Seed rhizomes 15 Qtls. Rs.4000/- Rs 60000/- 

2 Organic Manure 6 Qtls. Rs.1200/- Rs.7,200/- 

3 Tools & Implements - - Rs.500/- 

4 Transportation of seed rhizomes organic - - Rs.400/- 

SUB - TOTAL 

Rs.68100/- 

B-1 Land Preparation 

2 Layout 5 MD Rs.100/- Rs.500/- 

3 Pulverization of Soil 10 MD Rs.100/- Rs.1000/- 

4 Mixing of organic manure & soil 5 MD Rs.100/ Rs.500/- 

5 Furrowing 5 MD Rs.100/ Rs.500/- 

6 Cutting of seed rhizomes & sowing 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/- 

7 Intercultural Operation 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

(I) First weeding & earthing up (May-June) 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

(II) Second weeding & earthing up (July-Aug.) 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

(II) Third weeding & earthing up (Oct-Nov.) 10 MD Rs.100/ Rs.1000/ 

SUB - TOTAL 

Rs.7,500/- 

Total Rs. 75600/- 

Strategy for Implementation: 

The Schemes will be fully implemented in a phased manner in a span of three years. The implementation will be done in such a 

way that a selected beneficiary will be given the full benefit at a time so that the chosen unit has a good chance of being 

financially feasible and will earn income for the beneficiary to purchase the necessary food grains. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no.43: Details of activities in the CPRs in the project areas 

Name(s) of the 

villages 

CPR particulars 

Activity proposed 

Target area under the 

activity (ha) 

Target 

Estimated expenditure 

(Rs.) 

Expected no. of 

beneficiaries 

Sl. 

No. 

1 

Kumabharia Waste land Fodder 15.0 3.91 78 

Community 

Pasture land 

Plantation 1.0 .15 125 

Waste land Jatropha 2.0 .67 23 

Waste land 

Lemon/Guava 

Plantaion 

1.0 1.35 26 

Cultivable 

waste land 

Afforestation 5.6 7.91 126 

Total for 

Village 

24.6 13.99 378 

Khakherechi Community 

Pasture land 

Fodder 30 7.82 183 

Waste land Jatropha 2 0.67 15 

Community Lemon plot 2 2.7 39 

Cultivable 

waste land 

Afforestation 5.7 8.56 185 

Waste land Floriculture 4.0 3.75 43 

Total for 

Village 

43.7 23.5 465 


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4.4 Capacity building and Institutional collaboration 

Watershed management and development requires the collaboration of a wide range of farmers‟ organizations as well as 

extension and research institutions at various levels. This gives implementers access a wider technical resource base, creates 

better information flows and encourages mutual learning. Watersheds serve as a confluence between lands and communities, 

providing ample opportunities for members to share complementary expertise. A watershed contains producers (farmers), 

possibly actors that add value to produce, traders and consumers information, and education institutions to test their joint efforts 

to make a difference. Watersheds can be also a good ground for learning and demonstration of expertise. 

Scope of capacity building at Project Villages 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income Generation Activities 

o Stiching 

o Food Processing 

o Post Harvest management practices Fodder development and Management 

o Nursery 

Crop Information 

Meteorological Information 

Alternative Land Use Plan 

Improved and Scientific agriculture practices 

Scientific planning of Soil and Moisture conservation 

Information dissemination on Audio/Video 

Dairy Development and Management 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 44: Institutes Identified for Capacity Building 

S.No Organisation Training Modules 

1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Targharia, Rajkot and Kutch Training in modern and scientific agriculture practices 

2 Farmers training center, Rajkot Better agriculture practices and Organic farming to UGs. 

3 Junagarh Agril. University, Junagarh Training in modern and better agriculture practices 

4 Sadguru Foundation, Dahod Community Mobilization, Geology and Engg structures details 

5 BAIF, ANARDE foundation , Rajkot SMC works, Livelihood activities and Animal Husbandry 

development Programmes, SHG and federation level training 

and accounting 

6 Udyog Bharti, Gondal, Rajkot Microenterprise development activities 

7 District industrial center, Rajkot Mechanical training and support training to stakeholders 

8 Forest research center, Rajkot Afforestation and Vermicomposting and agro forestry 

9 SPIPA, Ahmedabad Participatory approach and Engineering aspects in watershed 

10 BISAG,Gandhinagar Space application and Different maps preparation 

Early and ongoing stakeholder collaboration and communication in capacity building is also important from the point viewpoint 

of “leveling the playing field” in anticipation of disputes that may arise. Filling strategic skills/capacity gaps supports Integrated 

Water resources Management, facilitates dispute resolution, and builds practical understanding of the scope of sustainable 

natural resource development challenges and opportunities. 

Table no. 45: Capacity Building plan 

S. 

Project Total no. of No. of persons to No. of training 

Village 

No. 

Stakeholders persons be trained programmes 

Estimated cost 

Kumbhariya PIA 5 5 4 35000 

& 

WDTs 3 3 4 20500 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Khakhrechi UGs 678 272 10 408000 

SHGs 1220 244 5 183000 

WCs 24 24 10 36000 

GPs 20 10 1 3000 

Table no.46: Information, Education and Communication Activities 

S. No. Activity Executing agency 

Estimated expenditure 

(Rs.in lacs ) 

1 Street plays Local drama group 2.23 

2 Video shows DWDU, Rajkot 2.23 

3 

Wall paintings/ Focussed DWDU, Rajkot 

Group discussion 

2.23 

4 Pamphlets and posters DWDU, Rajkot 2.78 

5 Banners and hoardings DWDU, Rajkot 1.68 

Total: 11.15 

Outcome 

(may quantify, wherever 

possible) 

Awareness generation and 

making beneficiaries 

accountable for sustainable 

development 


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CHAPTER - 5 

BUDGETING 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Budgeting 

Table no. 47: Budget at a glance 

Budget Component % of the Budget Rs in Lacs 

Net Project Cost 100 930 

-Administrative Costs 10 93 

-Monitoring 1 9.3 

-Evaluation 1 9.3 

Preparatory phase: 

-Entry point activities 4 37.2 

-Institution and capacity building 5 46.5 

-Detailed Project Report (DPR) 1 9.3 

Watershed Works Phase: 

-Watershed Development works, 50 465 

-Livelihood activities for the asset less persons, 10 93 

-Production system and micro enterprises 13 120.9 

Consolidation Phase 5 46.5 

Total 100 930 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 48: Village wise- component wise budget available under IWMP 

Sl 

no 

Village 

EPA 

Institution 

and CB 

DPR 

Watershed 

development 

Work 

Activity 

Livelihood 

for asset 

less 

Production 

system and 

Microenterprises 

Consolidation 

1 Kumabharia 6.12 7.66 1.53 76.51 15.3 19.89 7.65 153.03 

2 Khakherechi 31.08 38.85 7.77 388.49 77.69 101.00 38.85 776.97 

Total 37.2 46.51 9.30 465.00 92.99 120.89 46.5 930 

Total 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 49: Village wise gap in funds requirement 

Sl No Village Total cost requirement Total funds available 

under IWMP 

Gap in funds 

requirement 

1 Kumbhariya 182.8 153.03 29.77 

2 Khakhrechi 801.815 776.97 24.845 

Total 984.615 930.00 54.615 

Table no.50: Details of Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes 

S. No. Village 

1 Kumbhariya 

2 Khakhrechi 

Activity to be carried 

out 

Fund made 

available to IWMP 

due to convergence 

(Rs. in lakh) 

Reference no. of activity/ 

task/ structure in DPR 

Level at which 

decision for 

convergence 

was taken 

Bio-gas 8.00 G.E.D.A. Dist level 

Farm wasteweir 6.80 M.N.R.E.G.A Dist level 

Afforestation 0.70 Forest Department Dist Level 

Farm bunding 10.25 M.N.R.E.G.A Dist Level 

Charkha Unit 4.02 D I C and Udyog Bharati P I A level 

Total for village 29.77 

Afforestation 1.5 Forest Department Dist level 

Deepening of village 3.405 

Dist level 

M.N.R.E.G.A 

pond tank 

Total sanitation 7.00 T.S.C Dist level 

Afforestation in 7.06 

Dist level 

Forest Department 

community land 

Farm bunding 1.23 M.N.R.E.G.A Dist level 

Irrigation/Percolation 0.62 

Dist level 

M.N.R.E.G.A 

tank 

Charkha Unit 4.03 D I C and Udyog Bharati P I A level 

Total for village 24.845 

Total for the Project 54.615 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 6 

EXPECTED OUTCOMES 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

6.1 Expected Outcomes 

6.1.1 Employment 

This programme also aims simultaneously to improve the living conditions of the abuttant user communities. Employment 

opportunities will be created to the people living in the watershed through different soil and water conservation activities and 

livelihood activities. Self employment would be created by providing the people with cash support in the form of direct 

livelihood activities like agriculture, animal husbandry and enterprise development. 

Table no. 52: Employment in Project area 

s. Names of Wage employment Employment Self employment 

NO. 

Villages 

No. of beneficiaries 

No. of beneficiaries 

ST Others Women Total SC ST Others Women Total SC ST Others Women Total 

1 Kumbhariya No. 2790 of mandays 0 43920 22420.8 46710 31 0 488 249 519 23 0 130 90 156 

2 Khakhrechi SC 26460 0 130140 86130 156600 440 0 2169 1436 2610 88 0 434 287 522 

6.1.2 Migration 

WSD can open up new opportunities for households to both intensify and extensify production, for example through: 

• Increasing the frequency of cultivation – new water harvesting structures often permits cultivation of a second crop, or „lifesaving‟ 

irrigation of a main crop. 

• Adopting new technologies, such as improved varieties of staple crops, higher levels of input use and higher yields; shifts to 

the cultivation of higher value crops in the project areas expected. 

• Expansion of cultivated areas – soil and water conservation interventions can bring new land into production. 

All of the above tend to generate increased demands for labour. These may be provided initially from farm family sources 

and subsequently by hired labour. 

Employment opportunities in the local area as mentioned above will ensure lessening seasonal migration from the area. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 53: Details of seasonal migration from Project area 

SI. No. Names of villages No. of persons migrating No. of days per year of migration 

Pre-project Expected post project Pre-project Expected post 

1 Kumbhariya 86 34 >180 project Up to 2 month 

2. Khakhrechi 365 219 >180 Up to 2 month 

6.1.3 Ground water table 

As demand for groundwater has gone up, rapid urbanization and land use changes have decreased drastically the already low 

infiltration rates of rainfall into the soil and have diminished the natural recharging of aquifers. The ground water table thus has 

depleted over the years. Substantial opportunities exist for groundwater recharge and water harvesting to supplement water 

supplies in the Kumbhariya village. In order to improve the ground water situation it is necessary to artificially recharge the 

depleted ground water aquifers. The available techniques are easy, cost-effective and sustainable in the long term. Many of 

these can be adopted by the individuals and village communities with locally available materials and manpower. Proper water 

harvesting structures and percolation-tanks will be constructed to increase ground water table from 8-10 mt to 5-7 mt in the post 

project period. In Khakhrechi due to salinity ingress nobody uses groundwater as a result water table is high i.e. at 8 mt. 

Table no. 54: Details of average ground water table depth in the project areas (in meters) 

S.No. Names of Villages Sources Pre-Project level Expected Increase/ decrease 

(Post- Project) 

1 Kumbhariya & Khakhrechi Open wells 8-10 mt. 5-7 

Borewells 

NA 

NA 

Bore wells 

6.1.4: Drinking water 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

The two villages in the project area totally depend upon Narmada water supply for drinking and other domestic activities as the 

groundwater is saline in nature. There are two wells in a common land too; but the water is not good for drinking in Khakhrechi. 

WASMO has constructed a tank to store water brought through pipeline from Narmada canal in Kumbhariya. As a result of the 

watershed activities, it is expected that the quantity and quality of drinking water would improve and will be available to villagers 

from well constructed downstream of check dams. 

Table no. 55: Status of Drinking water 

Sl. No. Names of 

Villages 

Availability of drinking water (no. of months in a year) 

Quality of drinking water 

1 Kumbhariya & 

Khakhrechi 

Pre-project Expected Post project Pre-project Expected Post-project 

WASMO and Narmada Water available from Check Saline with Potable 

Drinking water supply dams and wells above it. highTDS 

6.1. 5: Crops 

Due to additional availability of water in new structures, farmers will be able to grow vegetable crops during non rainy 

seasons. Even after taking rainy season and post rainy season crops into consideration, they will get a good price for 

vegetables in summer also. Mostly farmers with large families will prefer to grow vegetables, as the crops need timely 

availability of human labor to harvest and encash the market potential. The planned earthen bunds and salinity reducing 

trenches would partially prevent the saline water from the sea to mix with the sweet rain water and also help to percolate 

water underground, and preserve some moisture in the soil. Also the proposed soil and water conservation activities will 

bring more areas under cultivation. New agricultural practices, new technology, organic farming etc will be demonstrated in 

the villages. This will help in additional area coming under cultivation and increasing productivity too. The farmers can take 

more than one season of crops. Different varieties of crops can be taken. 

Table no. 56: Details of crop area and yield in the project areas 

Name of village Name of crops Pre-project Expected Post-project 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Khariff 

Area (ha) 

Average Yield (Qtl) per 

ha. 

Area (ha) 

Average Yield per ha 

(Qtl) 

Kumbhariya & 

Khakhrechi 

Cotton 4062.1 10.41 4874.52 11.2 

Castor 666.35 11.02 832.94 12 

Sesame 90.88 10.58 109.056 11 

Kumbhariya & 

Khakhrechi 

Rabi 

Wheat 

8.86 115.2 9 

96 

Juwar (fodder) 4.5 120.5 15 130 

Project total 4919.83 5946.72 

6.1.6 Horticulture 

Table no. 57: Area under horticulture 

S.No. Name of Village Existing area under horticulture (Ha) Area under horticulture proposed to be 

covered through IWMP(Ha) 

1 Kumbhariya 2 5 

2 Khakhrechi 5 15 

6.1.7 Vegetative cover 

There is negligible area under tree cover. The village has a forest area of 21 ha in Kumbhariya which consists of only Juliflora Prosopis 

(ganda babool) and other forest trees. Trees like Neem and Lemon are seen on few farm boundaries. It is planned that 40 ha land to be 

covered under new plantation in both villages. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Table no. 58: Forest/vegetative cover 

S.No. Name of Village Existing area under tree cover (ha) Area under tree cover proposed 

1 Kumbhariya 21 46 

2 Khakhrechi 2 17 

Total 23 63 

6.1.8 Livestock 

The village has quite a good of livestock population. These include cows, bullocks, buffaloes, goats, sheep. The interventions 

like provision of good quality cows and buffaloes, the establishment of a fodder bank and other such related activities would 

spur up the dairy development in the village. It is expected that the post project period would see a substantial increase in 

livestock population and yield from them 

Table no. 59: Details of livestock in the project areas (for fluids please mention in litres, solids in kg and income in Rs.) 

S.No. Name of Village Type of Animal Pre-Project Expected Post-project Remarks 

1 Kumbhariya and 

Khakhrechi 

Milch-animals 

Cow (per animal/day) 

Buffalo(per animal/day) 

Cowfper animal/day) 

Goat(Meat:Rs/kg) 

(Buffalofper animal/day) 

Sheep(Meat:Rs/kg) 

Draught Purpose animals 

Camel 

Yield Income No. Yield Income 

607 2 24 647 3.5 28 

No. 310 2.5 37 335 4 42 

312 5 110 350 6.5 140 

42 6.5 100 78 8 115 

Linkages 

The direct livelihood activities need good forward and backward support. Without such support system the activities may fail to 

deliver the desired results. These linkages would involve credit, machinery, input supply, marketing, etc. 

Table no. 60: Backward-Forward linkages 

S. No. Project Type of Marketing Facility Pre-project (no.) During the project (no.) Post-project (no.) 

1 Kumbhariya Backward linkages 

Seed certification 


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and 

Khakhrechi 

Seed supply system 1 1 

Fertilizer supply system 

Pesticide supply system 

l_ Credit institutions - Bank-1 Bank-2 

Water supply SSNL Well Well 

Extension services KVK KVK 

Nurseries 

Tools/machinery suppliers - 

Price Support system 

Labour 

Any other (please specify) 

Forward linkages 

Harvesting/threshing machinery 

Storage (including cold storage) 

Transport facilities 

Markets / Mandis 

Agro and other Industries 

Collective marketing 

system 

Papad 

processing/packaging-2 2 

Collective 

marketing system 

Milk and other collection centres 2 Milk collection centre-3 3 

Labour 

Any other (please specify) Fodder bank-1 1 

Vermi-compost unit-2 3 

Animal vitamins (50 It) Animal vitamins 

(100 It) 


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Logical Framework Analysis 

Narrative Summary Indicators Source of verification Assumptions 

Goal: 

Sustainable Development and 

conservation of natural 

resources with the help of 

Peoples Participation 

Objective 1 

Increase soil moisture content 

Output 

Soil moisture content will 

increase 

Activities 

1.1 Farm bunding 

1-2 Crop rotation 

1-3 Mulching 

Increased Agricultural 

Production and overall 

development 

Increase in contribution of 

agricultural income to the 

household income 

1.1 Less Uncertainty in 

Agricultural Production 

1.2 Farmers take two 

crops in a year 

1.1 Clear growth of vegetation 

cover 

1.2 Certainty in Khariff ,Rabi 

crop 

1.1 250 ha 

1.2 25 ha 

1.3 15 ha 

1.1 Discussion with 

Villagers/Farmers 

1.2 Soil testing 

1.3 Physical verification 

Discussion with 

Villagers/Farmers 


1.2 Records in asset 

register 

Repair and Maintenance and 

taking care of conservation 

structures 

Time to time take care of 

structures 

1.1 Money spent on right 

time 

1.2 Proper scientific methods 

used 


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Objective 2 

Increase irrigation potential 

Output 

Increased irrigation water 

Activities 

2.1 Earthen dams 

2.2 Percolation tank 

2.3 Farm ponds 

1.3 Interferences from GIS 

maps at different times 

1.4 Measurement Book 

2.1 Increased irrigated area 

2.1 Revenue records 

2.2 Increase in Land value 

2.2 Patwari map 

2.3 More uncultivable lands to 

be brought under agriculture and 2.3 Maps from GIS 

new plantations 

2.1 Increased water table in 

wells 

2.2 Increase in flow period of 

streams 



register 

2.3 Interferences from 

GIS maps at different 

times 

2.4 Promotion of better 

Irrigation practices like 

drip irrigation 

2-1 4 Nos. 

2.1 2.1 Physical verification 

2-2 102 Nos 


2-3 52 Nos 

register 

1-3 Workers are ready 

1.4 Fields are free from crops 

2.1 Judicious use of water 

2.2 Accessibility to common 

and forest lands increased 

with removal of 

encroachments and resolution 

of conflicts. 

2.1 Structures full to its 

capacity 

2.2 Good amount of rainfall 

received 

2.1 Good amount of rainfall 

2.1 Size according to 

catchment and storage volume 


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2.4 Check dams 2-4 26 Nos 

2.3 Interferences from 

GIS maps at different 

times 

calculation 

2.3 No seepage from structure 

Objective 3 

To improve Soil Quality 3.1 Agriculture based livelihood 

income generation activities 

3.1 Physical verification 3.1 Availability of 

waste/mulching material 

3.2 Promotion of organic 

farming 

Practices 

Output 

Quality of Soil improved 3.1 Agriculture production will 

Increase 

3.2 Plantation of fruits and forest 

species 


3.2 Market Survey 

3.3 Soil testing 

3.1 Composting material used 

and refilled according to farm 

requirement 

3.2 Use it in right time 

Activities 

3.1 Vermi Composting 

3.2 Application of Farm yard 

manure 

3.3 Use of FYM enriched with 

Route Phosphate and Bio- 

Fertilizers 

3.1 2.0 Nos. 

3.2 2.5 Lacs 

3.3 0.50lacs 

Physical verification 

3.1 People ready for voluntary 

contribution for Biogas 

Structure 

3.2 Available of cow dung at 

right time 

3.3 Proper maintenance of 

structures 

Objective 4 

To increase fodder availability 4.1 Increase in the proportion of 4.1 Survey(Pre and 4.1 Quality of management of 


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households having more security 

Post) 

common property resources 

of fodder 

4.2 Proper distribution of 

4.2 Reduction in drudgery of 

seedling and take care. 

fodder 

collection especially women 

Out put 

Increased fodder availability 

4.1 Health of live stock 

4.1 Expenditure on 

4.1 Proper seedling 

improved 

seedling from 

4.2 Proper care and 

4.2 Expected increase in cattle 

register 

maintenance 

population 

4.2 List of 

4.3 promotion of dairy 

beneficiaries from 

development among 

the register 

communities 

Activities 

4.1 Pasture land and grassland 

4.1 Rs. 11.73 lacs Spent on 

4.1 WC's Reports 

4.1 Peoples participating 

will be developed. 

fodder 

4.2 Expenditure 

4.2 Proper variety Selection 

4.2 On farm bunds selected 

4.2 Rs 60.48Lacs 

Register 

4.3 Social fencing 

local species and fodder crops 

Verification on farm bunds 

4.3 Resolution in 

WC's 4.4 Physical 

verification 

Objective 5 

5.1 People's 

5.1 Women participation 

Project to be implemented and 

participation/women's socio- 

enhanced in decision-making of 

managed in a democratic and 

political and economic 

GVCs. 

participatory way ensuring 

empowerment in watershed for 

equity. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

income generation activities 

Output 

5.1 Community Mobilised 

5.1 Maintenance of assets 

5.1 Frequent 

5.1 Proper training provided 

5.2 Community Trained 

and records by the villagers 

meetings 

5.2 No biasness in villages 

5.3 Better standard of living 

themselves. 

5.2 Training register 

5.3 Increased 

participation 

Activities 

5.1 Formation and 

5.1 Increased awareness amongst 

5.1 Farmable socio- 

5.1 No influence of any 

strengthening of village 

women about village resources. 

cultural conditions at the 

external agency 

institutions like women's SHG 

5.2 Women participation 

village 

5.2 Smooth flow of funds 

groups/WC/UGs and WCs 

enhanced in decision-making of 

5.2 Checking registers 

5.3 Access to appropriate 

through awareness programmes 

GVCs. 

of SHGs 

technology 

5.2 Formation of fodder banks 

5.3 Farmers adopt organic 

5.3 Checking passbook 

5.4 People's Participation and 

to increase fodder security and 

farming practices 

of groups 

positive perception towards 

promote dung development 

5.4 Increased household income 


the programme 

5.3 Capacity building of SHG 

5.5 Improved access to credit to 

of income generation 

leaders and accounts members 

livelihood purposes. 

activities 

/farmers/UGs/WCs through 

5.6 Gender sensitization of UGs 

5.5 

workshop/meetings 

and WCs to increase 

Posters/banners/meeting 

5.4 Income generation 

inclusiveness of group decision 

register 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

activities. 

5.5 Awareness campaign 

making. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

CHAPTER - 7 

QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 


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Quality and Sustainability Issues 

Plans for Monitoring and Evaluation 

A Web-based CIS System is being developed for monitoring and evaluating the project in its planning & implementation 

phases. The system would be available on a public domain and can be accessed by all the stakeholders of the project. The 

system shows the entire state of Gujarat and all of those areas selected over the next 18 years. Filtering allows the user to 

zoom onto one particular project. Details related to soil type, Land-use classification, inhabitation etc., can be obtained villagewise. 

Furthermore, survey-number wise details related to ownership, irrigation source, yield etc., can also be accessed by the 

users of the system. This system is being used for pooling up the details obtained from the DPR. In other words, the DPR is 

made available online in the form of a database which will help the stakeholders know areas of importance viz., already 

treated areas/historical works in the area, proposed areas for treatment etc., for further treatment and planning. The system 

would also show the satellite imageries of various years from the project inception stage to the project closing stages. This 

allows the user to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and thereby plan corrective measures for the project area. The 

system would serve as an aiding tool to the planners and evaluators for judging the efficacy of the project. 

Yet another component of the Web-based CIS system is the Mobile based Monitoring & Evaluation System, which will 

help the ground staff alias WDTs (Watershed Development Team) to transmit information from the ground level to the central 

server. Also, any higher-up official in charge of the project can obtain information regarding the project area on their mobile 

phone by means of an SMS. The system works in the following manner. The WDT equipped with a GPS instrument marks 

the latitude-longitude information of various treatment areas during the DPR. The probable sites are then transferred onto 

the central server. During the works phase, any progress in the treatment area is reported to the server by means of an SMS 

by the WDT. Similarly, any nodal officer or higher-up official can view the progress in a project by means of summarized 

reports generated over frequent periods of time. 


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Vigilance and Monitoring Committees 

1. For every work sanctioned under the Scheme, there should be a local vigilance and monitoring committee, composed of 

members of the locality or village where the work is undertaken, to monitor the progress and quality of work while it is in 

progress. The Gram Shaba will elect the members of this committee and ensure that SC/STs and women are represented on it. 

2. The Implementing Agency should apprise this committee of estimates regarding the work, time frame and quality parameters. 

The final report of the committee should be attached along with the Completion Certificate of the work, and should also be 

placed at the next meeting of the Gram Sabha in the Panchayat where work has been executed. 

3. Local beneficiary committees may also be constituted for effective articulation of their entitlements and their access to them. 

The PIA members will be responsible for ensuring that local monitoring committees/beneficiary committees are constituted. 

Research support in watershed management 

Watershed management requires the support of research. Watershed projects will be used as on-farm sites for research designed 

and implemented with significant involvement of farmers and extension workers to produce site-specific technological 

solutions. This leads to problems in adoption and up-scaling of research findings within specific watersheds. There is also the 

question of up-scaling technologies and approaches beyond a designated watershed. At the same time, researchers will be able 

to relate research activities to the real problems facing farmers or to capture the locally developed or modified technologies. Yet 

there is a need to give technologies appropriate technical and scientific definition and to disseminate them widely. 

Farmer organization and empowerment 

The management of natural resources requires strong and effective farmer organizations. Such organizations empower 

farmers and create a good foundation for the transfer, adoption and use of information on new technologies. They also help in 

negotiating for inputs at favorable prices. 

Strong farmers‟ organizations can be a conduit for services that meet felt needs. These needs include information to 

improve production and marketing, credit, and demand driven approaches that ensure ownership and sustainability of 

interventions. 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

Farmers‟ organization allows the use of participatory approaches that recognize local capacity and indigenous 

knowledge. It incorporates the aspirations and perceptions that influence decision-making, while giving farmers an important 

role in planning and implementation of watershed management activities. Such participation is important for the success, 

continuity and sustainability of the resource management programmes. 

Often a successful watershed knits together many aspects of the people‟s lives apart from purely technical issues. Many 

conservation and basic group production initiatives have widened into a social movement dealing with matters such as 

weddings, funerals, care for the elderly and the disadvantaged, and other issues in the community. 

The initial natural resources focus also widens into a set of integrated activities such as the improvement of houses, 

provision of water and electricity, acquisition of improved tools, seeds and livestock, all in the name of watershed management. 

Empowerment of farmers therefore allows farmers to demand services and to ensure the continued role of the state in 

supporting watershed development. 

Use of traditional institutions and indigenous knowledge 

Experience has shown that to effectively reach the farmers and to create viable watershed management options, it is 

important to respect indigenous knowledge and combine it with the formal modern science and technology. Local traditional 

institutions should be part and parcel of the process. For instance, there is a lot of under-used indigenous knowledge about 

climate, soils, biodiversity and other production conditions that confront farmers. A lot of research findings are abstract to 

extension providers and farmers alike. Such findings need to be married with indigenous knowledge and disseminated in a 

language that farmers and members of traditional institutions can understand. 

Plans For Project management: 

The Project management of any watershed programme is very important. It mainly depends upon the community 

organization and the village level institutes. In both Kumbhariya and Khakhrechi, watershed committee and various user 

groups have been formulated for post project operation and maintenance of assets created during project period. Major 

emphasis will be on equity and sustainable benefit of the project even after implementation stage. A proper link-up will be 


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DWDU, Rajkot 

built during project period with various institutes and capacity building organization. They will act as a major kingpin during 

post implementation for scaling up the successful experience during project. 

Watershed Development Fund: 

Such contributions will promote feeling of “ownership” of the programme among stakeholders. This will contribute to 

sustainable outcomes in the long-term. The voluntary contributions are saved in the Watershed Development Fund (WDF) that 

is to be used for repair, maintenance and use of assets created on common land. The contribution of it will comes mainly fund the 

following: 

Table No. 60. Details of Watershed Development Fund (WDF) 

Sl. No Financial Details Percent Contribution 

1 Natural Resource Management 

For General 10% 

For SC/ST 5% 

2 For Intensive Agriculture, Horticulture and animal Husbandry 

For General 40% 

For SC/ST 20% 

It is planned that for SC/ST, BPL population the contribution will be taken in form of voluntary labour and the fund for labour 

will be diverted to the WDF. 

User Charges: 

Various user groups will be formed in village. These user groups will collect user charges according to the designated 

rules formed during the formation of user group. These funds will be transferred to the WDF funds as per these formulated rules. 

The secretary of watershed committee (WC) shall maintain the records of the following. 


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CHAPTER - 8 

MAPS 


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