Cisco CCNA Study Guide - Router Alley

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CCNA Study Guide v2.62 – Aaron Balchunas 6 Network Architectures A host refers to any device that is connected to a network. A host can also be defined as any device assigned a network address. A host can serve one or more functions: • A host can request data, often referred to as a client. • A host can provide data, often referred to as a server. • A host can both request and provide data, often referred to as a peer. Because of these varying functions, multiple network architectures have been developed, including: • Peer-to-Peer • Client/Server • Mainframe/Terminal In a basic peer-to-peer architecture, all hosts on the network can both request and provide data and services. For example, two Windows XP workstations configured to share files would be considered a peer-to-peer network. Peer-to-peer networks are very simple to configure, yet this architecture presents several challenges. Data is difficult to manage and back-up, as it is spread across multiple devices. Security is equally problematic, as user accounts and permissions much be configured individually on each host. In a client/server architecture, hosts are assigned specific roles. Clients request data and services stored on servers. An example of a client/server network would be Windows XP workstations accessing files off of a Windows 2003 server. There are several advantages to the client/server architecture. Data and services are now centrally located on one or more servers, consolidating the management and security of that data. As a result, client/server networks can scale far larger than peer-to-peer networks. One key disadvantage of the client/server architecture is that the server can present a single point of failure. This can be mitigated by adding redundancy at the server layer. * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com), unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners. This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNA Study Guide v2.62 – Aaron Balchunas 7 Network Architectures (continued) In a mainframe/terminal architecture, a single device (the mainframe) stores all data and services for the network. This provides the same advantages as a client/server architecture – centralized management and security of data. Additionally, the mainframe performs all processing functions for the dumb terminals that connect to the mainframe. The dumb terminals perform no processing whatsoever, but serve only as input and output devices into the mainframe. In simpler terms, the mainframe handles all thinking for the dumb terminals. A dumb terminal typically consists of only a keyboard/mouse, a display, and an interface card into the network. The traditional mainframe architecture is less prevalent now than in the early history of networking. However, the similar thin-client architecture has gained rapid popularity. A thin-client can be implemented as either a hardware device, or software running on top of another operating system (such as Windows or Linux). Like dumb terminals, thin-clients require a centralized system to perform all (or most) processing functions. User sessions are spawned and managed completely within the server system. Hardware thin-clients are generally inexpensive, with a small footprint and low power consumption. For environments with a large number of client devices, the thin-client architecture provides high scalability, with a lower total cost of ownership. The two most common thin-client protocols are: • RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) – developed by Microsoft • ICA (Independent Computer Architecture) – developed by Citrix * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com), unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners. This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at http://www.routeralley.com.
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Cisco CCNA Study Guide - Router Alley

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