Cisco CCNA Study Guide - Router Alley

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CCNA Study Guide v2.62 – Aaron Balchunas 36 Icons for Network Devices The following icons will be used to represent network devices for all guides on routeralley.com: Hub____ Switch___ Multilayer Switch Router * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com), unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners. This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNA Study Guide v2.62 – Aaron Balchunas 37 Layer-1 Hubs Hubs are Layer-1 devices that physically connect network devices together for communication. Hubs can also be referred to as repeaters. Hubs provide no intelligent forwarding whatsoever. Hubs are incapable of processing either Layer-2 or Layer-3 information, and thus cannot make decisions based on hardware or logical addressing. Thus, hubs will always forward every frame out every port, excluding the port originating the frame. Hubs do not differentiate between frame types, and thus will always forward unicasts, multicasts, and broadcasts out every port but the originating port. Ethernet hubs operate at half-duplex, which allows a device to either transmit or receive data, but not simultaneously. Ethernet utilizes Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) to control media access. Host devices monitor the physical link, and will only transmit a frame if the link is idle. However, if two devices transmit a frame simultaneously, a collision will occur. If a collision is detected, the hub will discard the frames and signal the host devices. Both devices will wait a random amount of time before resending their respective frames. Remember, if any two devices connected to a hub send a frame simultaneously, a collision will occur. Thus, all ports on a hub belong to the same collision domain. A collision domain is simply defined as any physical segment where a collision can occur. Multiple hubs that are uplinked together still all belong to one collision domain. Increasing the number of host devices in a single collision domain will increase the number of collisions, which can significantly degrade performance. Hubs also belong to only one broadcast domain – a hub will forward both broadcasts and multicasts out every port but the originating port. A broadcast domain is a logical segmentation of a network, dictating how far a broadcast (or multicast) frame can propagate. Only a Layer-3 device, such as a router, can separate broadcast domains. * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com), unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners. This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at http://www.routeralley.com.
Page 1 and 2: CCNA Study Guide v2.62 - Aaron Balc
Page 35: CCNA Study Guide v2.62 - Aaron Balc
Page 75: CCNA Study Guide v2.62 - Aaron Balc
Page 86 and 87:
CCNA Study Guide v2.62 - Aaron Balc
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304:
show all

Cisco CCNA Study Guide - Router Alley

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?