Cisco CCNA Study Guide - Router Alley

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CCNA Study Guide v2.62 – Aaron Balchunas 250 Troubleshooting Trunks When troubleshooting a misbehaving trunk link, ensure that the following is configured identically on both sides of the trunk: • Mode - both sides must be set to trunk or dynamically negotiated • Frame-tagging protocol - ISL, 802.1Q, or dynamically negotiated • Native VLAN • VTP Domain • Allowed VLANs If the above parameters are not set identically on both sides, the trunk link will never become active. To view whether a port is an access or trunk port (such as fa0/5): Switch# show interface fa0/24 switchport Name: Fa0/24 Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: On Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 42 To view the status of all trunk links: Switch# show interface trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native VLAN Fa0/24 on 802.1q trunking 42 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/24 1,100-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Fa0/24 1,100 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Fa0/24 1,100 If no interfaces are in a trunking state, the show interface trunk command will return no output. * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com), unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners. This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNA Study Guide v2.62 – Aaron Balchunas 251 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) In large switching environments, it can become difficult to maintain a consistent VLAN database across all switches on the network. The Ciscoproprietary VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) allows the VLAN database to be easily managed throughout the network. Switches configured with VTP are joined to a VTP domain. Only switches belonging to the same domain will share VLAN information, and a switch can only belong to a single domain. When an update is made to the VLAN database, this information is propagated to all switches via VTP advertisements. By default, VTP updates are sent out every 300 seconds, or anytime a change to the database occurs. VTP updates are sent across VLAN 1, and are only sent out trunk ports. There are three versions of VTP. The key additions provided by VTP Version 2 are support for Token Ring and Consistency Checks. VTP Version 1 is default on Catalyst switches, and is not compatible with VTP Version 2. Cisco describes VTP Version 3 as such: “VTP version 3 differs from earlier VTP versions in that it does not directly handle VLANs. VTP version 3 is a protocol that is only responsible for distributing a list of opaque databases over an administrative domain.” (If you are confused, don’t be alarmed. The author of this guide is not certain what that means either). Cisco further defines the enhancements that VTP version 3 provides: • Support for extended VLANs • Support for the creation and advertising of private VLANs • Support for VLAN instances and MST mapping propagation instances • Improved server authentication • Protection from the “wrong” database accidently being inserted into a VTP domain. • Interaction with VTP version 1 and VTP version 2 • Ability to be configured on a per-port basis. (Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk689/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094c52.shtml, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/catalyst6500/catos/8.x/configuration/guide/vtp.html#wp1017196) * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com), unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners. This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at http://www.routeralley.com.
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