EEP Crowned pigeon number 3

EUROPEAN STUDBOOK 

CROWNED PIGEONS 

Goura cristata 

Goura scheepmakeri 

Goura victoria 

NUMBER 3 

Joeke Nijboer & Catherine E. King 

EEP Species Coordinator & Advisor to the Coordinator 

P.O. Box 532 

3000 AM ROTTERDAM 

THE NETHERLANDS 

Tel: +31 - 10 - 4431 431 / 4431 441 

Fax: +31 - 10 - 4677 811 / 4431 466

CROWNED PIGEON EEP STUDBOOK NUMBER 3 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

i. Table of Contents 3 

1 Crowned pigeon European breeding program 5 

1.1 Introduction 7 

1.2 Crowned pigeon EEP species committee members 8 

1.3 Crowned pigeon EEP participants 9 

1.4 Status of EEP crowned pigeon populations 1988-1994 13 

1.5 Developments in other relevant columbiform breeding program structures 14 

2 Crowned pigeon EEP studbook/management questionnaire data analyses 15 

2.1 Definition of terms 16 

2.2 Goura cristata 17 

2.2.1 Historical studbook population through 1994 19 

2.2.2 Current population as of 31 December 1994 27 

2.2.3 Founder representation as of 31 December 1994 31 

2.2.4 Age distribution as of 31 December 1994 31 

2.2.5 Births, deaths and imports 1988-1994 31 

2.2.6.1 Deaths 1988-1994 33 

2.2.6.2 Reported death causes through 31 December 1994 35 

2.2.6.3 Season of deaths 1952-1987, 1988-1994 and 1952-1994 37 

2.2.7.1 Births 1988-1994 39 

2.2.7.2 Season of births 1952-1987, 1988-1994 and 1952-1994 41 

2.2.8 Transfers 1988-1994 43 

2.2.9 Summary of selected management data 1988-1994 47 

2.3 Goura scheepmakeri 51 


2.3.2 Current EEP population as of 31 December 1994 59 




2.3.6.1 Deaths 1988-1994 65 

2.3.6.2 Reported death causes through 31 December 1994 66 


2.3.7.1 Births 1988-1994 69 


2.3.8 Transfers 1988-1994 73 


= Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. =

2.4 Goura victoria 79 


2.4.2 Current EEP as of 31 December 1994 91 




2.4.6.1 Deaths 1988-1994 99 

2.4.6.2 Death causes reported through 31 December 1994 101 


2.4.7.1 Births 1988-1994 103 


2.4.8 Transfers 1988-1994 107 


2.5 General conclusions and comments 115 

3 Husbandry and Research 117 

3.1 Crowned pigeon identification and registration 119 

3.2 Methods available to European facilities for sexing crowned pigeons 121 

3.3 Comparative study on the behaviour and vocalizations of crowned pigeons 131 

3.4 Crowned pigeon incubation and rearing options 133 

3.5 Observations on nesting failures by a pair of Scheepmaker's crowned 139 

pigeons at Rotterdam Zoo 

3.6 Development and feeding of a nestling Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon 141 

3.7 A field assessment of the conservation status and exploitation of 149 

crowned pigeons Goura spp. and birds-of-paradise Paradisaea spp. in 

Irian Jaya, Indonesia 

3.8 Nutrition of crowned pigeons 151 

3.9 Crowned pigeon nutrition survey 159 

3.10 Crowned pigeon EEP research priorities 163 

4 Crowned Pigeon bibliography 165 

Acknowledgements 174 



CROWNED PIGEON 

EUROPEAN BREEDING 

PROGRAM 

1.1 - 1.5 



1.1 INTRODUCTION 

The First Crowned Pigeon EEP studbook was published in 1988 and the second one in 1989. Most 

of the animals included in the EEP are also registered in the international crowned pigeon studbook, 

kept by David Wetzel (Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence, Rhode Island, USA). 

A species committee for this EEP has been selected, and a committee meeting held. Developments 

in the EEP have been reported annually in the EEP yearbooks, published by the EEP Executive 

Office in Amsterdam. 

In summary, the number of institutions participating in the Crowned Pigeon EEP has increased 

greatly in the past few years as has the number of birds included in the program. Some of the birds 

have entered the program through confiscation by governments and consequent acquisition by 

responsible facilities. Still, populations of the three crowned pigeons are not considered stable, as 

reproduction of these species is not yet at levels to sustain their populations. 

Development of suitable husbandry guidelines are necessary to improve reproduction, and is a 

priority in the EEP goals. Although cooperation within the EEP is improving, more effective 

exchange of birds is also a goal of the EEP. This requires that less attention be paid to the monetary 

value of the animals and more emphasis be given to where individuals are most needed. 

Participants are heartily encouraged to cooperate in providing the information needed to develop 

the husbandry guidelines and to continually assess the status of animals and problems within the 

EEP. Precise accounting of reproductive activities to the EEP coordinator is an important means of 

providing the needed information. A form to register eggs laid by crowned pigeons is thus included 

with this studbook, and the coordinator would greatly appreciate it if all EEP participants will fill 

the form out and annually submit it along with the annual inventory forms. Post mortem reports also 

provide essential information, and copies of these should be sent to the coordinator as well. 

It is hoped that the information included in this studbook will be of value to all of the Crowned 

Pigeon EEP participants, as without their contributions there would be no studbook and no 

program. All participants are hereby thanked for their cooperation, and we look forward to future 

efforts in together ensuring the presence of crowned pigeons in European collections for 

generations to come. 


1.2 CROWNED PIGEON EEP SPECIES COMMITTEE MEMBERS 

Rotterdam Zoo 

Joeke Nijboer 

EEP-coordinator 

Catherine E. King 

Advisor to the coordinator 

tel: 31-10-4431 431 

fax: 31-10-4677 811 

fax: 31-10-4431 466 

Chester Zoo 

NFRZG/EEP/EAZA 

Executive Office 

Roger Wilkinson 

tel: 44-244 380288 

fax: 44-244 371273 

Frank Princée 

Committee Advisor 

tel: 31-20 6287476 

fax: 31-20 6253931 

Parc des Oiseaux 

Yves Raymond 

Villars les Dombes tel: 33-74 988554 

fax: 33-74 982774 

Vogelpark Walsrode 

Dieter Rinke 

substitute representative 

tel: 49-516 12815 

fax: 49-5161 18218 

Wilhelma Zool. 

Günther Schleussner 

Bot. Garten 

substitute representative 

Stuttgart tel: 49-711 5402187 

fax: 49-711 5402222 

Zool. Garden 

Eric Kocner 

Bojnice tel: 42-86232860 

fax: 42 86234852 

Zoo Barcelona 

Conrad Ensenat 

tel: 34-30 92500 

fax: 34-32 213853 


1.3 CROWNED PIGEON EEP PARTICIPANTS 

ADLISWIL 

Voliere-Geselschaft Zurich 

H. Haefelin 

Kilchbergstrasse 62 

8134 ADLISWIL 

SWITZERLAND 

ARCEN 

De vogelhof 

M. Vallen/H. Assink 

Boerenweg 66 

5944 EL ARCEN 


AL AZIZIA 

Al Azizia Garden 

M. M. Gammond 

c/o Mr. Aziz Kanoo 

PO Box 45, MANAMA 

BAHRAIN 

ALPHEN 

Vogelpark Avifauna 

R. Verkade 

Hoorn 65 

2400 AA ALPHEN A/D RIJN 


AMSTERDAM 

Amsterdam Zoo 

L. Koning 

Plantage Kerklaan 38-40 

1018 CZ AMSTERDAM 


ARNHEM 

Burgers Zoo en Safari 

T. de Jong 

Schelmseweg 85 

6816 SH ARNHEM 


AUGSBURG 

Zoo Augsburg 

M. Gorgas 

Brehmplatz 1 

D-8900 AUGSBURG 

GERMANY 

BARCELONA 

Zoo Barcelona 

C. Ensenat 

Parc de la Ciutadella 

08003 BARCELONA 

SPAIN 

BERLIN-WEST 

Zool. Garten Berlin 

R. Reinhard 

Hardenbergplatz 8 

D-1000 BERLIN 

GERMANY 

BEST 

Dierenpark de Vleut 

A. W. M. van Laarhoven 

Broekdijk 15 

5680 AJ BEST 


BOCHUM 

Tierpark Bochum 

E. Stirnberg 

Klinikstrasse 49 

D-4630 BOCHUM 1 

GERMANY 

BOJNICE 

Zoo. Garden Bojnice 

E. Kocner 

01 BOJNICE 

SLOVAKIA 

BUDAPEST 

Budapest Zoo 

P. Mödlinger 

Allatkerti U 6-12 

H-1371 BUDAPEST, Pf 469 

HUNGARY 

BURG HAAMSTEDE 

L. J. Verton 

Burgse Weg 76 

4328 LB BURGH HAAMSTEDE 



6245 LT EIJSDEN 


CAMBRON 

Parc Paradisio S.H. 

S. Patzwahl 

Domaine de Cambron, 1 

B-7940 CAMBRON-CASTEAU 

BELGIUM 

CHESTER 

Chester Zoo 

R. Wilkinson 

North of Engl.Zool.Soc. 

Upton-by-Chester, 

CHESTER CH21CH 

GREAT BRITAIN 

CLERES 

Parc Zoologique de Cleres 

R. S. Vicente 

A. Hernache 

76690 CLERES 

FRANCE 

COPENHAGEN 

Copenhagen Zoo 

B. Holst 

Sdr. Fasanvej 79 

DK-2000 FREDERIKSBERG 

DENMARK 

DOUE-LA-FONTAIN 

Parc Zoo De Doue-La-Fontaine 

P. Gay 

F-49700 DOUE-LA-FONTAINE 

FRANCE 

DUBLIN 

Dublin Zoo 

R. Willis 

Phoenix Park 

DUBLIN 8 

IRELAND 

EIJSDEN 

R. Roosen 

Hoogstraat 25 

FRANKFURT 

Zoologischer Garten Frankfurt 

S. G. Stadler 

Alfred-Brehm-Platz 16 

D-60316 FRANKFURT 

GERMANY 

GETTORF 

Tierpark Gettorf 

B. Rohrhuber 

Suderstrasse 33 

2412 GETTORF 

GERMANY 

HANNOVER 

Zoo Hannover GMBH 

H. Engel 

Adenauerallee 3 

D-30175 HANNOVER 

GERMANY 

HAYLE 

Paradise Park 

D. Woolcock 

Glanmore, Hayle 

CORNWALL TR27 4HY 

GREAT BRITAIN 

JEREZ DL FRONT 

A. P. Gutiérrez 

Carretera de Cartuja, km. 2,5 

11406 JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA 

(Cádiz) 

SPAIN 

LEIPZIG 

Zoologischer Garten 

Leipzig 

B. Schutze 

Pfaffendorf Strasse 29 

04105 LEIPZIG 

GERMANY 

WALSRODE/M (MALLORCA) 

WALSRODE/V (WALSRODE) 


Vogelpark Walsrode 

D. Rinke 

Am Rieselbach 

D-3030 WALSRODE 

GERMANY 

LISBOA 

Jardin Zoologico Lisboa 

E. B. Ruivo 

Estrad de Benfica, no 158 

1500 LISBOA 

PORTUGAL 

LONDON 

London Zoo 

S. J. Tonge 

Regent's park 

LONDON NW1 4RY 

GREAT BRITAIN 

LOUROSA 

Zoo de Lourosa 

L. do Sobral 

Apartado, 39 

4536 LOUROSA CODEX 

PORTUGAL 

MIERLO 

M. Verhoeven 

Fazantlaan 9 

5731 XS MIERLO 


MONTPELLIER 

Montpellier 

Parc Zoologique de Lunaret 

C. Moralis 

50 Avenue D4 Agropolis 

34090 MONTPELLIER 

FRANCE 

MULHOUSE 

Mulhouse Zoo 

J. M. Lernould 

51, Rue du Jardin Zoolog. 

68100 MULHOUSE 

FRANCE 

O ROSAL 

Novás 

36778 O ROSAL 

(PONTVEDRA) 

SPAIN 

OVERPELT 

N. Hendrix 

Ballaststraat 23 

3900 OVERPELT 

BELGIUM 

PALMITOS PARK/MASPALOMAS 

Palmitos Park 

Apto 107, Maspalomas 

35109 GRAN CANARIA 

SPAIN 

PALMYRE/ROYAN 

Zoo La Palmyre 

J. Petit 

17570 LES MATHES 

FRANCE 

PISA 

A.I.F.A.O. 

F. Monaci 

Via Le Rene 77 

56014 PUTIGNANO (PISA) 

ITALY 

PRAGUE/PRAHA 

Zoologicka Zahrada v. Praha 

K. Pithart 

U trojskehe zamku 120/3 

171 00 PRAGUE 7 

CZECH-REPUBLIC 

LIBEREC 

Zoo Liberec 

J. Janecek 

46001 LIBEREC 

CZECH-REPUBLIC 


RECANATI 

M. Stortoni 

Via Sambucheto N 58 - 62019 

RECANATI - MACERATA 

ITALY 

ROTTERDAM 

Rotterdam Zoo 

J. Nijboer 

Van Aerssenlaan 49 

3039 KE ROTTERDAM 


SCHMIDING 

Vogelpark Schmiding 

W. Artmann 

Schmiding 19 

A-4631 KRENGELBACH 

AUSTRIA 

ST. OEDENRODE 

Vogelkwekerij de Koning 

P. de Koning 

Zijtaartseweg 8 

5491 SG ST. OEDENRODE 


ST. ANDRE DE S 

J. L. Quinquarlet 

3 Rue Familongue 

34725 SAINT ANDRE DE SANGONIS 

FRANCE 

STUTTGART 

Wilhelma Zool. and Bot. Garten 

G. Schleussner 

Postfach 501227 

7000 STUTTGART 50 

GERMANY 

TEL AVIV/RAMAT GAN 

Zoo. Center Tel Aviv 

A. Terkel 

PO Box 984 

52109 RAMAT-GAN 

ISRAEL 


TIMMASPE 

U. Ossenbruggen 

Westerfelder Weg 20 

24644 TIMMASPE 

GERMANY 

UPIE 

Jardin aux Oiseaux 

B. Liauzu 

UPIE 

26120 CHABEUIL 

FRANCE 

VILLARS-DOMBES 

Parc des Oiseaux Villars les Dombes 

Y. Raymond 

F 01330 VILLARS LES DOMBES 

FRANCE 

WEERT 

H. W. Weekers 

Wilhelminastraat 43 

6001 HD WEERT 


WUPPERTAL 

Zoo Wuppertal 

U. Schürer 

Hubertusallee 30 

5600 WUPPERTAL 

GERMANY 


1.4 STATUS OF EEP CROWNED PIGEON POPULATIONS 

1988-1994 


CROWNED PIGEON EEP 

STUDBOOK MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE DATA 

ANALYSES 


1.5 DEVELOPMENTS IN OTHER RELEVANT COLUMBIFORM 

BREEDING PROGRAM STRUCTURES 

C. E. King 

EEP PIGEON AND DOVE TAXON ADVISORY GROUP 

An introductory open-meeting to assess the need for an EEP Pigeon and Dove Taxon Advisory 

Group (TAG) was held during the EEP Annual Conference in Alphen a/d Rijn, 17 June 1994. 

Duncan Bolton (Bristol Zoo) served as meeting chairperson. It was established at this meeting that 

there was indeed a need for the formation of a Columbiformes EEP TAG. The EEP Committee and 

EAZA Council approved the TAG and appointed Duncan Bolton as TAG chair in October and 

November of 1994. 

A report on the introductory meeting and a listing of TAG goals for 1994/1995 are found in the 

"EEP Pigeon and Dove TAG Report 1994" included in the EEP Yearbook 1993/1994. A second 

Pigeon and Dove TAG meeting was held during the EEP Annual Conference on 2 July, 1995 in 

Poznan, Poland. A report on this meeting and a listing of the TAG activities and goals for 

1995/1996 appeared in the "EEP Pigeon and Dove TAG Report 1995" included in the EEP 

Yearbook 1994/1995. 

An inventory of columbids present in and available to European facilities for breeding programs is 

being undertaken by the TAG in cooperation with the EAZA/EEP Executive Office. It has been 

decided that until the survey is more complete, initiation of a regional Columbiformes collection 

plan would be premature. 

Two Columbiformes EEPs currently exist in addition to that for crowned pigeons. These are the 

Mauritius pink pigeon, Columba mayeri EEP, coordinated by David Jeggo (Jersey Wildlife 

Preservation Trust) and the Socorro dove Zenaida greysoni EEP, coordinated by Stefan Stadler 

(Frankfurt Zoo). A European studbook for bleeding heart pigeons, Gallicolumba luzonica and G. 

criniger has also been initiated, with Duncan Bolton serving as studbook keeper. 

INTERNATIONAL STUDBOOK 

David Wetzel, Crowned Pigeon International Studbook Keeper, has now produced two crowned 

pigeon international studbooks, published in 1994 and 1995. The latter studbook also includes a 

bibliography and hand rearing information from a number of zoos. 

OTHER REGIONAL PROGRAMS 

A proposal by David Wetzel to initiate a North American Species Survival Plan (SSP) for crowned 

pigeons was accepted in 1995, and D. Wetzel was appointed as species coordinator. D. Wetzel has 

served as studbook keeper for the North American region since 1985. 

No other regional breeding program for crowned pigeons exist. 


2.1 DEFINITION OF TERMS 

Founder: 

A wild caught individual that is genetically represented in the current population through 

reproduction. Individuals for which parentage and place of origin are unknown are also considered 

founders if genetically represented in the current population through reproduction. 

Pseudo founder: 

A hypothetical male and female are assigned as pseudo founders for each species. All captive born 

individuals of unknown parentage are considered to be descended from these pseudo founders. 

Potential founder: 

A living wild caught individual that is not yet genetically represented in the current population 

through reproduction. Living individuals for which parentage and place of origin are unknown are 

also considered potential founders if not yet genetically represented in the current population 

through reproduction. 

Breeding: 

Defined here as the hatching of a chick 

"Other" incubation/rearing: 

Any incubation or rearing technique other than parental (e.g. foster parent, incubator) 

Season of birth and deaths: 

A representation of births and deaths per month; number of births and deaths in January and 

December are not considered reliable for 1988-1994, as births and deaths of unknown dates were 

sometimes given the date 01 January or 31 December. 

Transfers: 

All acquisitions into the EEP population and depositions out of EEP population as well as 

exchanges among EEP participants. 

Reproductive Age: 

The average reproductive life span of crowned pigeons has not been established. Sexual maturity is 

achieved at approximately 1.5 year of age, and can be even younger: two G. Cristata (1.1) bred at 

16 months of age. At least some individuals are capable of breeding at more than 20 years of age. 

One female G. Scheepmakeri (6101) bred four times when between the (minimum) age of 21 and 

23 years. A male G. victoria (6901) received at Amsterdam Zoo in 1969 was still breeding 

successfully at another location (Weert) in 1994 at the minimum age of 25 years. 

Accurate data for captive as well as wild crowned pigeons are insufficient to reliably calculate other 

reproductive characteristics of the species, e.g. generation time. 



GOURA CRISTATA 

2.2.1 - 2.2.9 



2.2.1 HISTORICAL GOURA CRISTATA STUDBOOK POPULATION THROUGH 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 

Stud# Sex Sire# Dam# Arrival Event 

ARKS Program Death date Identification 

Location 

Fc 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

5201 ? UNKN UNKN 30 Jun 1952 Trade ROTTERDAM 

1537A EEP 3 Sep 1953 0.000 

EEP 

28 Jul 1952 ANTWERP 

5202 ? UNKN UNKN 30 Jun 1952 Trade ROTTERDAM 

1537B EEP 6 Jan 1953 0.000 

5203 ? UNKN UNKN 30 SEP 1952 Trade ROTTERDAM 

1634A EEP 30 Dec 1952 0.000 

10 Oct 1952 

5204 ? UNKN UNKN 30 Sep 1952 Trade ROTTERDAM 

1634B EEP 30 Dec 1953 0.000 

10 Oct 1952 ANTWERP 


5301 ? UNKN UNKN 30 Apr 1953 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 01 Jan 1954 0.000 

8 May 1953 ANTWERP 


5302 ? UNKN UNKN 8 May 1953 Trade ROTTERDAM 

1749B EEP 30 Dec 1953 0.000 

5401 ? UNKN UNKN 31 Jul 1954 Trade ROTTERDAM 

2207A EEP 26 Nov 1955 0.000 

26 Aug 1954 ANTWERP 


5402 ? UNKN UNKN 31 Jul 1954 Trade ROTTERDAM 

2207B EEP 17 Oct 1955 0.000 

26 Aug 1954 ANTWERP 


5403 ? UNKN UNKN 28 Aug 1954 Trade ANTWERP 

2231A EEP 2 Jul 1959 0.000 


2213B EEP 29 Nov 1958 0.000 


2213C EEP 22 Nov 1956 0.000 


2213D EEP 9 Mar 1955 0.000 


2213E EEP 14 Nov 1954 0.000 

6501 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1965 Trade BERLIN/ZOO 


EEP ? ? 1975 0.000 

6502 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1965 Trade BERLIN/ZOO 


6601 F 6502 6501 ? ? 1966 Hatching BERLIN/ZOO 

EEP (R)C-00186-188 0.000 

6701 F UNKN UNKN 11 Mar 1973 Unknown AUGSBURG 


6702 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1967 Trade AUGSBURG 

EEP 31 Dec 1986? 0.000 

6801 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1968 Trade WALSRODE/V 

EEP ? ? 1985 (R)7454 0.000 

6802 F WILD WILD 2 Jun 1982 Trade WALSRODE/V 

EEP 9 Jul 1991 (R)B 7296 0.000 

6803 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1968 Trade WALSRODE/V 

EEP ? ? 1988 (R)B7292/YELLOW 0.000 

6901 F UNKN UNKN 14 Aug 1969 Trade ANTWERP 

6384A EEP 16 Nov 1969 0.000 


6348B EEP 25 Mar 1970 0.000 


6384C EEP 2 Jan 1979 0.000 


6384D EEP 12 Jan 1976 0.000 


6384E EEP 17 Jan 1973 0.000 


6384F EEP 0.000 

6907 M UNKN UNKN 14 Aug 1969 Trade ANTWERP 

EEP 19 Mar 1970 0.000 

6908 M UNKN UNKN 14 Aug 1969 Trade ANTWERP 

6384H EEP 21 Dec 1969 0.000 

7001 F WILD WILD 27 Feb 1970 Trade ROTTERDAM 

401380 EEP 30 Oct 1992 0.000 

7002 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1970 Trade DARMSTADT 

? ? 1987 (R)? 0.000 

31 Dec 1987 Unknown HEIDELBERG 

7201 ? WILD WILD 7 Nov 1972 Trade ROTTERDAM 


6 May 1973 Praha 



7202 ? WILD WILD 7 Nov 1972 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 31 Dec 1986? 

6 May 1973 

0.000 

PRAHA 


7203 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1972 Trade DARMSTADT 

10 Mar 1988 (R)? 0.000 

31 Dec 1987 Unknown BERLIN/ZOO 


7301 ? UNKN UNKN 26 Jan 1973 Trade ROTTERDAM 


7302 ? WILD WILD 26 Jan 1973 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 27 Jan 1973? 0.000 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 

Stud# Sex Sire# Dam# Arrival Event Location 

ARKS Program Death date Identification Fc 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

7304 M WILD WILD 1 Aug 1973 Purchase WINCHESTER 


7305 F WILD WILD 1 Aug 1973 Purchase WINCHESTER 


7306 ? WILD WILD 1 Aug 1973 Purchase WINCHESTER 


7307 ? WILD WILD 1 Aug 1973 Purchase WINCHESTER 


7401 F UNKN UNKN 31 Jan 1974 ROTTERDAM 

7631A EEP 13 Oct 1985? 0.000 

14 Feb 1974 ANTWERP 


7402 F UNKN UNKN 31 Jan 1974 ROTTERDAM 

7631B EEP 5 Sep 1981 Orange R 0.000 

14 Feb 1974 ANTWERP 


7403 M WILD WILD 14 Feb 1974 Trade WUPPERTAL 

694391 EEP 9 Nov 1993 0.000 

7404 F WILD WILD 14 Feb 1974 Trade WUPPERTAL 

EEP 17 Nov 1983 0.000 

7405 ? UNKN UNKN 7 Jun 1974 Purchase LISBOA 

3766 EEP ? Jan 1975 0.000 


3767 EEP ? Jan 1975 (R)5446 0.000 



3768 EEP ? ? 1975 (R)544 0.000 

7408 ? 7304 7305 ? ? 1974 Hatching WINCHESTER 


7409 ? WILD WILD ? ? 1974 Hatching WINCHESTER 


7501 M 6502 6601 28 May 1975 Hatching BERLIN/ZOO 

EEP 2 Oct 1990 (R)C-00176 0.250 

7502 ? UNKN UNKN 3 Jul 1975 Trade HANNOVER 


7503 ? WILD WILD 1 Oct 1975 Purchase WINCHESTER 


7601 F WILD WILD 1 Mar 1976 Trade RHENEN 


7602 F WILD WILD 1 Mar 1976 Trade RHENEN 


7603 M 7501 6601 26 Dec 1976 Hatching BERLIN/ZOO 

EEP ? ? 1990 (R)C-002014 0.375 

2 May 1990 Unknown SCHMIDING 


7604 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1976 Purchase WINCHESTER 


7605 M WILD WILD 20 Feb 1976 Trade WALSRODE/V 

EEP (R)B 8126 0.000 

7701 ? WILD WILD 18 Jan 1977 Trade PALMYRE 

372 EEP 12 May 1994 0.000 

7702 F WILD WILD 26 Jan 1977 Trade VILLARS-DOMBES 

EEP 0.000 

7703 F 7403 7404 20 Oct 1977 Hatching WUPPERTAL 


7704 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1977 Trade MUNICH 

EEP 15 May 1992 (R)5503 0.000 

16 Mar 1990 Trade WUPPERTAL 


7705 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1977 Trade MUNICH 


7706 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1977 Trade MUNICH 


? Jan 1989 Unknown WUPPERTAL 


7801 ? 7501 6601 27 Jun 1978 Hatching BERLIN/ZOO 



6 Sep 1978 Trade UNKNOWN 

7802 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1978 Trade EMMEN 



4 Nov 1980 Trade ARNHEM 

3 Sep 1986 Loan MIERLO 


7803 F WILD WILD 23 Aug 1978 Purchase HAYLE S 

001 EEP 11 Feb 1983 0.000 

7900 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1979 Unknown RAMAT-GAN 


7901 M UNKN UNKN 20 Mar 1979 Trade AMERSFOORT 


7902 F UNKN UNKN 20 Mar 1979 Trade AMERSFOORT 


7903 M 7002 7203 1 Jul 1979 Hatching DARMSTADT 

? ? 1988 0.000 

31 Dec 1980 Trade HEIDELBERG 

7906 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1979 Trade AMERSFOORT 

EEP 4 Jan 1993 (R)L084 R 0.000 

31 Jul 1980 Loan ROTTERDAM 

401379 EEP 

8001 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1980 Purchase WINCHESTER 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

8002 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1980 Purchase WINCHESTER 


8101 M UNKN UNKN 31 Jul 1981 Trade OVERPELT 

EEP 27 Sep 1993 0.000 

8103 M WILD WILD 2 Jul 1970 Unknown VILLARS-DOMBES 


8202 M WILD WILD 24 Sep 1982 Trade BOCHUM 

EEP (R)yellow 0.000 

8203 F WILD WILD 24 Sep 1982 Trade BOCHUM 

EEP 28 Aug 1985 (R)WHITE 0.000 



EEP 11 Oct 1988 (R)B7297/YELLOW 0.000 

8205 ? WILD WILD 13 Dec 1983 Trade WALSRODE/V 


13 Nov 1986 Trade WALSRODE/M 


8206 M WILD WILD 7 Jun 1983 Unknown WALSRODE/M 

EEP 24 Apr 1991 0.000 

8207 F WILD WILD 20 Feb 1976 Trade WALSRODE/V 


8208 M UNKN 6801 31 Dec 1982 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP ? ? 1989 (R)8197/BLUE 0.000 

8209 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1982 Trade 

27 Feb 1991 (R)3783 L 0.000 

BORN 

7 Jul 1983 Trade ARNHEM 



30 Aug 1985 Loan MIERLO 

8210 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1982 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP (R)04039 0.000 

31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 


8212 M WILD WILD 2 Jun 1982 Trade WALSRODE/V 


8301 ? 7002 7203 1 Jul 1983 DARMSTADT 

31 Dec 1987? 0.000 


8302 ? 8101 8102 330 Sep 1983 OVERPELT 

EEP 21 Oct 1983 0.000 

8304 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1983 Trade WONDERGEM 

15 Sep 1993 0.000 

11 Aug 1990 Purchase OVERPELT 


8305 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 341 


8306 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 346 


8307 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 342 


8308 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 

EEP 3 Dec 1992 (R)04042 0.000 

8309 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 

EEP 2 Feb 1992 (R)04080 0.000 


8310 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1983 Hatching WAMEL DVL 

? ? 1988 (R)GREEN 0.000 

? Jan 1988 Purchase ARCEN 


8311 ? UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1983 Hatching UNKNOWN 


19 May 1990 Purchase ARCEN 


8401 M 8202 8203 4 Aug 1984 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP 5 Aug 1994 (R)PINK 0.000 

25 Jan 1991 Loan SCHMIDING 


8402 M 7002 7203 10 Aug 1984 DARMSTADT 

31 Dec 1987? 0.000 


8403 M 8307 8210 ? ? 1984 Hatching ALPHEN 

EEP 23 Apr 1990 (R)L170 0.000 

29 Nov 1984 Trade ROTTERDAM 


8404 F 8307 8210 ? ? 1984 Hatching ALPHEN 

EEP 12 Jan 1988 (R)L169 0.000 

29 Nov 1984 Trade ROTTERDAM 


8405 F 8202 8203 22 Nov 1984 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP ? ? 1991 (R)PINK 0.000 

13 Oct 1988 Unknown BERLIN/ZOO 


2 Jul 1989 Unknown SCHMIDING 


8406 M UNKN 8207 31 Dec 1984 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP 26 Jun 1992 (R)B8028 0.000 

8407 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1984 Purchase LOUROSA 


8408 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1984 Purchase LOUROSA 




? Jan 1989 Loan JEREZ 






8411 ? WILD WILD ? Jan 1984 Purchase LOUROSA 




────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



8501 F 8202 8203 8 Jun 1985 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP ? Jun 1987 (R)WHITE 0.000 

8502 M UNKN 6801 ? ? 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP 19 Feb 1988 (R)B8029/YELLOW 0.000 

8503 M UNKN 6801 ? ? 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP 19 Feb 1988 (R)B 8049 0.000 

8504 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1985 Hatching BUDAPEST 


28 Jun 1994 Purchase BOJNICE 


8505 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1985 Hatching JURONG 

25 Nov 1991 (R)B 7465 0.000 

31 Aug 1986 Trade LEIPZIG 


8506 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching JURONG 

0.000 


B00357 EEP 

8507 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching JURONG 

7 Feb 1992 (R)WHITE 0.000 

17 Jun 1986 Trade ANTWERP 

10834A EEP 

8508 M WILD WILD 6 Aug 1986 Purchase UPIE 


8509 F WILD WILD 30 Aug 1985 Purchase UPIE 


8510 ? WILD WILD 6 Aug 1986 Purchase UPIE 


8512 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1985 Hatching PISA 


1 Sep 1988 Loan RECANATI 


8513 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1985 Hatching PISA 


1 Sep 1986 Loan RECANATI 



8601 M UNKN UNK 31 May 1986 JURONG 

9 Jul 1986 0.000 

17 Jun 1986 Trade ANTWERP 

10834B EEP 

8602 M UNKN UNKN 6 Jun 1986 Trade HALLE 

EEP 10 Dec 1987 0.000 

8603 ? 8202 8501 17 Dec 1986 Hatching BOCHUM 


7 Jun 1988 Unknown BERLIN/ZOO 


7 Jun 1989 Unknown SCHMIDING 



9 Feb 1993 (R)JBP 0047 0.000 

3 Feb 1987 Trade ANTWERP 


8607 F UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1986 Hatching ALPHEN 




8701 M WILD WILD 31 Aug 1987 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 28 Aug 1989 Subsp. minor 0.000 

11 Feb 1989 Loan VOETS EEP 

8702 F WILD WILD 24 Aug 1987 Donation ROTTERDAM 

401383 EEP 28 Aug 1989 (R)L228R 0.000 

11 Jan 1989 Loan VOETS 


8703 M WILD WILD 18 Feb 1988 Unknown BUDAPEST 

000558 EEP 0.000 

8704 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching BUDAPEST 

EEP 31 Aug 1991 0.000 

8705 F UNKN 8204 10 Jun 1988 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP 29 Nov 1991 (R)B7074 0.000 

8706 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1987 Unknown OVERPELT 


8707 F 8202 8203 22 Nov 1984 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP 9 Jun 1992 (R)BLUE/BLACK 0.000 

8708 M WILD UNKN 17 Jun 1987 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP (R)BLUE LEFT 0.000 

27 Mar 1991 Loan CHESTER 


8709 F 8202 8707 10 Jan 1989 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP (R)WHITE 0.250 


8711 ? 8202 UNKN 8 Feb 1990 Hatching BOCHUM 


8712 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1986 Hatching ALPHEN 

401384 EEP 4 Jul 1988 (R)L251 0.000 

4 Jul 1988 Unknown ROTTERDAM 


8713 F UNKN UNKN 19 Aug 1988 Unknown ROTTERDAM 

401385 EEP 16 Dec 1990 (R)L248 R 0.000 

8714 F UNKN UNKN 19 Aug 1988 Unknown ROTTERDAM 

401386 EEP 22 Dec 1988 (R)L236 L 0.000 

8715 M 8103 7702 1 May 1987 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


8716 F 8103 7702 20 Sep 1987 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

8717 M 8508 8509 7 Aug 1987 Hatching UPIE 


8719 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1987 Purchase OISTERWIJK 


8 Feb 1993 Purchase BEST 


8720 F WILD WILD 1 Aug 1987 Unknown OISTERWIJK 


8 Feb 1993 Purchase BEST 


8801 M 8508 8509 23 Aug 1988 Hatching UPIE 


1 Dec 1990 Unknown DOUE-LA-FONTAIN 


8802 F WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Loan LISBOA 

2782 EEP (R)B 304 0.000 

8803 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1990 Hatching TIMMASPE 


8804 F UNKN UNKN 21 Apr 1990 Unknown TIMMASPE 


8805 ? 8103 7702 11 Apr 1988 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 

EEP 28 Jul 1989 0.000 


8806 ? 8103 7702 25 Oct 1988 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


8807 ? 8103 7702 12 Dec 1988 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


8810 M WILD WILD 27 Feb 1988 Unknown BARCELONA 

2692 EEP (R)T0179 0.000 


2693 EEP 11 Dec 1990 (R)TO178 0.000 

8812 ? WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Unknown BARCELONA 


8813 F WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Unknown BARCELONA 

2695 EEP (R)TO176 0.000 

8814 ? UNKN UNKN 15 May 1988 BARCELONA 

2696 EEP 7 Dec 1989 0.000 

8815 ? WILD WILD 10 Mar 1988 BARCELONA 

2697 EEP 10 Mar 1988 0.000 




2699 EEP 28 Jan 1991 0.000 





8820 ? WILD WILD 10 Mar 1988 Unknown BARCELONA 

2703 EEP 30 Aug 1994 (T)TO 164 0.000 


2704 EEP 10 Feb 1990 0.000 




2706 EEP 8 Dec 1994 0.000 



8825 F UNKN UNKN 12 Aug 1994 Unknown TIMMASPE 

EEP (R)SH00100817 0.000 

8901 ? 8508 8509 5 Sep 1989 Hatching UPIE 



8903 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1989 Unknown GETTORF 


8904 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching OSIEK 

5 Nov 1991 0.000 

13 May 1989 Unknown LIBEREC 


8905 ? 8103 7702 5 Apr 1989 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 

EEP 3 Jun 1989 0.000 

8906 M 8103 7702 22 Jul 1989 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


23 Mar 1990 Unknown MONTPELLIER 


8907 ? 8103 7702 15 Nov 1989 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


8908 ? 8103 7702 30 Dec 1989 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 

EEP 5 Feb 1990 0.000 

8909 M 8715 8716 23 Jun 1989 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


23 Mar 1990 Unknown MONTPELLIER 


8910 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching OSIEK 

0.000 




0.000 



8912 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1989 Unknown GETTORF 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

8913 ? UNKN UNKN 17 Jun 1989 Hatching GETTORF 


8914 M WILD WILD 7 Oct 1987 Unknown GETTORF 


8915 F WILD WILD 1 Aug 1990 Unknown GETTORF 


8916 F WILD WILD 25 Apr 1989 Trade PRAGUE 


EEP (U)P 1 0.000 


EEP (R)P 2 0.000 

8918 F 


UNKN UNKN 

6 Nov 1991 

19 Feb 1991 Trade 

0.000 

LIBEREC 

19 Mar 1991 Loan PRAGUE 


8920 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1980 Unknown LOUROSA 


8921 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1980 Unknown LOUROSA 


8922 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1980 Unknown LOUROSA 


8925 M UNKN UNKN 12 Aug 1994 Unknown TIMMASPE 


9001 ? 8508 8509 6 Jun 1990 Hatching UPIE 


1 Dec 1990 Unknown DOUE-LA-FONTAIN 


9002 F WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown WEERT 

EEP (R)12 RE 0.000 

9003 F WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown WEERT 

EEP 2 Sep 1992 (R)13 RE 0.000 

9004 F 8202 8707 14 Aug 1989 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP (R)RED 0.250 

9005 M 8202 8707 22 Jun 1990 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP (R)ORANGE 0.250 

14 Jul 1994 Loan WUPPERTAL EEP 

9006 ? 8202 8707 8 Feb 1990 Hatching BOCHUM 


9007 M UNKN UNKN 24 Jun 1990 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP (R)C 7088 0.000 

27 Apr 1992 Trade WALSRODE/M EEP 

9008 F UNKN UNKN 24 May 1990 Trade WALSRODE/V 

EEP 10 Jun 1992 (R)C7025 0.000 

9009 M 8715 8716 20 Mar 1990 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


18 Mar 1991 Loan MONTPELLIER EEP 

9010 M 8103 7702 23 Mar 1990 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


18 Mar 1991 Loan MONTPELLIER 



9011 F 


8103 7702 22 Dec 1990 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 

0.000 

24 Oct 1993 Purchase ST. ANDRE DE S 


9012 F WILD WILD 7 Nov 1990 Unknown WUPPERTAL 


9013 M WILD WILD 8 Jun 1990 Purchase ADLISWIL 


9014 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1990 Hatching ALPHEN 

EEP (R)BLUE RIGHT 0.000 

2 Dec 1991 Trade CHESTER 


9015 M 


UNKN UNKN 15 Sep 1990 Hatching ARCEN 

(R)S1031R2531RL 0.000 

15 Oct 1992 Loan OVERPELT 



31 Oct 1993 Loan Rtn ARCEN 152 

9016 M UNKN UNKN 1 Jun 1990? BOCHUM WATTENSC? 

21 May 1992 0.000 

14 Apr 1992 Loan BOCHUM 


9017 F WILD WILD 8 Jun 1990 Purchase ADLISWIL 

EEP (U)645 0.000 

9101 F UNKN UNKN 16 May 1991 Hatching ALPHEN 

EEP 20 Oct 1994 (R)AV1 ZILVER R 0.000 

25 Mar 1992 Trade ARCEN 183 


9102 F 8508 8509 6 Jun 1991 Hatching UPIE 


9103 ? 8508 8509 2 Nov 1991 Hatching UPIE 


9104 ? 8202 8707 23 Apr 1991 Hatching BOCHUM 

EEP 11 May 1992 (R)PURPLE 0.250 

9105 F UNKN UNKN 14 Sep 1991 Hatching ARCEN 

EEP (R)R 2645 0.000 

3 Apr 1993 Trade DOUE-LA-FONTAIN 


9106 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1990 Purchase PISA 


9107 M UNKN UNKN 7 Jun 1990 Unknown PISA 




────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

9108 F UNKN UNKN 16 Dec 1993 Unknown TIMMASPE 


9110 ? 8409 8410 ? ? 1991 Hatching LOUROSA 


9111 ? 8409 8410 ? ? 1991 Hatching JEREZ 


9114 F UNKN UNKN 8 Apr 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 


2 Dec 1994 Purchase BUDAPEST 




9201 ? 9107 9106 6 Feb 1992 Hatching PISA 


9202 M 7403 9012 21 May 1992 Hatching WUPPERTAL 


14 Jul 1994 Loan PRAGUE 




24 Oct 1993 Purchase ST. ANDRE DE S 


9204 ? 8407 8408 ? Jan 1992 Hatching LOUROSA 


9205 F UNKN UNKN 3 Jul 1992 Hatching ARCEN 

EEP 22 Jan 1993 (R)R 2540 (L) 0.000 

9206 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1992 Hatching PISA 


9207 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1992 Hatching PISA 


9208 ? 9107 9106 ? Jun 1992 Hatching PISA 


9209 ? 9107 9106 ? Jun 1992 Hatching PISA 


9210 ? 8810 8813 24 May 1992 Hatching BARCELONA 

3331 EEP (R)00-004D-2FB4 0.000 


9212 M 8202 8707 19 Feb 1992 Hatching BOCHUM 


9213 ? 8508 8509 27 Jul 1992 Hatching UPIE 


10 Oct 1993 Trade ST. ANDRE DE S 


9214 F 8307 8210 3 Jun 1992 Hatching ALPHEN 

EEP 29 Dec 1993 (R)O4085 0.000 

9215 M 8810 8813 6 Oct 1992 Hatching BARCELONA 

3423 EEP (R)00-0026-8B82 0.000 

9216 F 7605 8207 3 Mar 1992 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


2 Feb 1993 Donation WALSRODE/M 


9217 M 7605 8207 22 Aug 1992 Hatching WALSRODE/V 




9219 M 8409 8410 ? ? 1992 Hatching JEREZ 


1 Apr 1993 Loan O ROSAL 


9220 F 8407 8408 ? ? 1992 Hatching LOUROSA 


1 Apr 1993 Loan O ROSAL 


9301 ? 8409 8410 9 Mar 1993 Hatching JEREZ 


9302 ? 8202 8709 29 May 1993 Hatching BOCHUM 


9303 ? 8202 8709 20 Nov 1993 Hatching BOCHUM 


9304 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1993 Hatching PISA 


9305 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1993 Hatching PISA 


9306 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1993 Hatching PISA 


9307 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1993 Hatching PISA 


9308 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1993 Hatching PISA 



9309 ? 9107 9106 1 Sep 1993 Hatching PISA 


9310 F 7605 8207 27 Jul 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


9311 ? 8508 8509 13 May 1993 Hatching UPIE 

EEP 13 May 1993 0.000 

9312 ? 8508 8509 16 Jul 1993 Hatching UPIE 


9313 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1993 Hatching GOCH 


15 Oct 1993 Unknown WEERT 


9314 M 8307 8210 30 Sep 1993 Hatching ALPHEN 

3134 EEP (R)AVI 93 325 0.000 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

────────────────────────────────────────────- 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

9315 M UNKN UNKN 25 Jun 1993 Unknown TIMMASPE 

EEP (R)AZ804930071 0.000 

9401 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1994 Hatching PISA 


9402 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1994 Hatching PISA 


9403 ? 8202 8709 5 Jul 1994 Hatching BOCHUM 


9404 F 7605 8207 14 May 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


9405 ? 8925 8804 30 Sep 1994 Hatching TIMMASPE 

EEP (R)AZW804940061 0.000 

9406 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1994 Hatching PISA 




9408 ? UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1994 Hatching PISA 





9410 ? 9219 9220 15 Oct 1994 Hatching O ROSAL 


9411 ? 9313 9002 18 Jun 1994 Hatching WEERT 


24 Nov 1995 EIJSDEN 


================================================================== 

============================================= 


2.2.2 CURRENT GOURA CRISTATA POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Housename ARKS Program Identification FC 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

ADLISWIL, Switzerland (Census: 1.1.0) 

9013 M WILD WILD 8 Jun 1990 Purchase ADLISWIL 


9017 F WILD WILD 8 Jun 1990 Purchase ADLISWIL 

EEP (U)645 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ALPHEN, The Netherlands (Census: 3.2.0) 

8210 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1982 Trade ROTTERDAM 


31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 345 EEP 


341 EEP (R)04523 0.000 

8306 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1983 Trade ALPHEN 

346 EEP (R)04525 0.000 


342 EEP (R)BLIJDORP/L027 0.000 

9314 M 8307 8210 30 Sep 1993 Hatching ALPHEN 

3134 EEP (R)AVI 93 325 0.000 

.................................................................. 

.............................................ARCEN, The 

Netherlands (Census: 1.1.0) 

8607 F UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1986 Hatching ALPHEN 


1 May 1988 Purchase ARCEN 149 


9015 M UNKN UNKN 15 Sep 1990 Hatching ARCEN 152 

EEP (R)S1031 R2531 RL 0.000 

15 Oct 1992 Loan to OVERPELT 


31 Oct 1993 Loan Rtn ARCEN 152 EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BARCELONA, Spain (Census: 2.1.4) 



8812 ? WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Unknown BARCELONA 


8813 F WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Unknown BARCELONA 






9210 ? 8810 8813 24 May 1992 Hatching BARCELONA PUNKY 


LILA 3331 EEP (C)00-004D-2FB4 0.000 

9215 M 8810 8813 6 Oct 1992 Hatching BARCELONA 

PITUFA LILA 3423 EEP (C)00-0026-8B82 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BERLIN/ZOO , Germany (Census: 0.1.0) 

6601 F 6502 6501 ? ? 1966 Hatching BERLIN/ZOO 

EEP (R)C-00186-188 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BEST, The Netherlands (Census: 1.1.0) 

8719 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1987 Purchase OISTERWIJK 


8 Feb 1993 Purchase BEST EEP 

8720 F WILD WILD 1 Aug 1987 Unknown OISTERWIJK 


8 Feb 1993 Purchase BEST EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BOCHUM, Germany (Census: 2.2.2) 

8202 M WILD WILD 24 Sep 1982 Trade BOCHUM 1 


8709 F 8202 8707 10 Jan 1989 Hatching BOCHUM 9 

EEP (R)WHITE 0.250 

9004 F 8202 8707 14 Aug 1989 Hatching BOCHUM 8 

EEP (R)RED 0.250 

9212 M 8202 8707 19 Feb 1992 Hatching BOCHUM 


9302 ? 8202 8709 29 May 1993 Hatching BOCHUM 


9303 ? 8202 8709 20 Nov 1993 Hatching BOCHUM 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BOJNICE, Slovakia (Census: 1.1.0) 

8504 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1985 Hatching BUDAPEST 

DODO EEP 0.000 

28 Jun 1994 Purchase BOJNICE 




.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BUDAPEST, Hungary (Census: 1.1.0) 

8703 M WILD WILD 18 Feb 1988 Unknown BUDAPEST 




2 Dec 1994 Purchase BUDAPEST 000556 EEP 

2.2.2 CURRENT GOURA CRISTATA POPULATION 

AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

CHESTER, Great Britain (Census: 1.1.0) 

8708 M UNKN UNKN 17 Jun 1987 Hatching BOCHUM 7 

EEP (R)BLUE LEFT 0.000 



9014 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1990 Hatching ALPHEN 

EEP (R)BLUE RIGHT 0.000 

2 Dec 1991 Trade CHESTER 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

DOUE-LA-FONTAIN, France (Census: 1.1.0) 

8801 M 8508 8509 23 Aug 1988 Hatching UPIE NO 


1 Dec 1990 Unknown DOUE-LA-FONTAIN EEP 

9105 F UNKN UNKN 14 Sep 1991 Hatching ARCEN 153 

EEP (R)R 2645 0.000 

3 Apr 1993 Trade DOUE-LA-FONTAIN EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

GETTORF, Germany (Census: 1.1.0) 

8914 M WILD WILD 7 Oct 1987 Unknown GETTORF 


8915 F WILD WILD 1 Aug 1990 Unknown GETTORF 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

JEREZ DL FRONT, Spain (Census: 1.0.1) 



? Jan 1989 Loan JEREZ EEP 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 

LEIPZIG, Germany (Cencus: 1.0.0) 





.................................................................. 

............................................. 

LIBEREC, Czech Republic (Census: 1.1.0) 


8910 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching OSIEK 

0.000 

13 May 1989 Unknown LIBEREC EEP 


0.000 

13 May 1989 Unknown LIBEREC EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

LISBOA, Portugal (Census: 0.1.0) 

8802 F WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Loan LISBOA C: 

00-0015-F315 2782 EEP (R)B 304 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

LOUROSA, Portugal (Census: 0.0.1) 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 

MONTPELLIER, France (Census: 3.0.0) 

8909 M 8715 8716 23 Jun 1989 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 12 


23 Mar 1990 Unknown MONTPELLIER EEP 

9009 M 8715 8716 20 Mar 1990 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 13 



9010 M 8103 7702 23 Mar 1990 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 14 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 

O ROSAL, Spain (Census: 1.1.1) 

9219 M 8409 8410 ? ? 1992 Hatching JEREZ 


1 Apr 1993 Loan O ROSAL EEP 



1 Apr 1993 Loan O ROSAL EEP 

9410 ? 9219 9220 15 Oct 1994 Hatching O ROSAL 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

OVERPELT, Belgium (Census: 0.1.0) 

8706 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1987 Unknown OVERPELT 


.................................................................. 


............................................. 

PISA, Italy (Census: 1.1.3) 

9106 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1990 Purchase PISA 


9107 M UNKN UNKN 


7 Jun 1990 Unknown PISA 

0.000 

9401 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1994 Hatching PISA 

EEP 0.000 2.2.2 CURRENT 

GOURA CRISTATA POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

PISA cont. 

9402 ? 9107 9106 ? ? 1994 Hatching PISA 


9406 ? UNKN UNKN 


? ? 1994 Hatching PISA 

0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

Prague, Czech Republic (Census: 1.2.0) 


EEP (U)P 1 0.000 


EEP (R)P 2 0.000 

9202 M 7403 9012 21 May 1992 Hatching WUPPERTAL 

359/20 694393 EEP 0.000 

14 Jul 1994 Loan PRAGUE 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

RAMAT-GAN, TEL-AVIV, Israel (Census: 1.0.0) 

7900 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1979 Unknown RAMAT-GAN 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

RECANATI, Italy (Census: 1.1.0) 



1 Sep 1988 Loan RECANATI EEP 



1 Sep 1986 Loan RECANATI EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

STAN. DE S, France (Census: 1.1.0) 

9011 F 8103 7702 22 Dec 1990 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 14 



24 Oct 1993 Purchase ST. ANDRE DE S EEP 



24 Oct 1993 Purchase ST. ANDRE DE S EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

TIMMASPE, Germany (Census: 3.3.1) 

8803 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1990 Hatching TIMMASPE 


8804 F UNKN UNKN 


21 Apr 1990 Unknown TIMMASPE 

0.000 

8825 F UNKN UNKN 12 Aug 1994 Unknown TIMMASPE 


8925 M UNKN UNKN 12 Aug 1994 Unknown TIMMASPE 


9108 F UNKN UNKN 16 Dec 1993 Unknown TIMMASPE 


9315 M UNKN UNKN 25 Jun 1993 Unknown TIMMASPE 

EEP (R)AZ 804 93 0071 0.000 

9405 ? 8925 8804 30 Sep 1994 Hatching TIMMASPE 

EEP (R)AZW 80494 0061 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

UPIE, France (Census: 2.2.0) 

8508 M WILD WILD 6 Aug 1986 Purchase UPIE NO 


8509 F WILD WILD 30 Aug 1985 Purchase UPIE NO 


8717 M 8508 8509 7 Aug 1987 Hatching UPIE NO 


9102 F 8508 8509 6 Jun 1991 Hatching UPIE NO 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

VILLARS-DOMBES, France (Census: 2.2.0) 

7702 F WILD WILD 26 Jan 1977 Trade VILLARS-DOMBES 2 


8103 M WILD WILD 2 Jul 1970 Unknown VILLARS-DOMBES 1 


8715 M 8103 7702 1 May 1987 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 3 


8716 F 8103 7702 20 Sep 1987 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 4 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

WALSRODE/M, Spain (Census: 1.1.1) 

8205 ? WILD WILD 13 Dec 1983 Trade WALSRODE/V 


13 Nov 1986 Trade WALSRODE/M EEP 

9007 M UNKN UNKN 24 Jun 1990 Hatching WALSRODE/V 



27 Apr 1992 Trade WALSRODE/M EEP 



2 Feb 1993 Donation WALSRODE/M EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

2.2.2 CURRENT GOURA CRISTATA POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

WALSRODE/V, Germany (Census: 2.3.0) 

7605 M WILD WILD 20 Feb 1976 Trade WALSRODE/V 


8207 F WILD WILD 20 Feb 1976 Trade WALSRODE/V 




9310 F 7605 8207 27 Jul 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


9404 F 7605 8207 14 May 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

WEERT, The Netherlands (Census: 1.1.1) 

9002 F WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown WEERT 12 

RE EEP (R)12 RE 0.000 

9313 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1993 Hatching GOCH 


15 Oct 1993 Unknown WEERT EEP 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 

WUPPERTAL, Germany (Census: 1.1.0) 

9005 M 8202 8707 22 Jun 1990 Hatching BOCHUM 11 

EEP (R)ORANGE 0.250 

14 Jul 1994 Loan WUPPERTAL EEP 

9012 F WILD WILD 7 Nov 1990 Unknown WUPPERTAL 

341/24 694392 EEP 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


2.2.3 FOUNDER REPRESENTATION OF GOURA CRISTATA AS OF 31 DEC. 1994 

2.2.4 AGE DISTRIBUTION OF GOURA CRISTATA AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

2.2.5 BIRTHS, DEATHS AND IMPORTS OF GOURA CRISTATA 1988-1994 



2.2.6.1 DEATHS OF GOURA CRISTATA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

Stud# Death date Sex Sire# Dam# Site of birth 

Birth date Last site Identification 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

Deaths during: 1988 (Subtotal: 6.6.2) 

8310 ? ? 1988 Male UNKN UNKN WAMEL DVL 

? Jan 1983 ARCEN (R)GREEN 

8404 12 Jan 1988 Female 8307 8210 ALPHEN 

? ? 1984 ROTTERDAM (R)L169 8503 19 Feb 1988 

Male UNKN 6801 WALSRODE/V ? ? 1985 

WALSRODE/V (R)B 8049 8502 19 Feb 1988 Male UNKN 

6801 WALSRODE/V ? ? 1985 WALSRODE/V 

(R)B8029/YELLO 

7203 10 Mar 1988 Female UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN 

? ? 1972 BERLIN/ZOO (R)? 

8712 4 Jul 1988 Male UNKN UNKN ALPHEN 

? Jan 1986 ROTTERDAM (U)L 251 8204 11 Oct 1988 

Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1982 

WALSRODE/V (R)B7297/YELLO 

8806 26 Oct 1988 Unk. sex 8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 

25 Oct 1988 VILLARS-DOMBES 8714 22 Dec 1988 

Female UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 1988 

ROTTERDAM (U)L 236L 6803 ? ? 1988 Male 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1968 WALSRODE/V 

(R)B7292/YELLO 

7601 ? ? 1988 Female WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1976 RHENEN 7602 ? ? 1988 


RHENEN 7502 ? ? 1988 Unk. sex 

UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 1975 HANNOVER 

7903 ? ? 1988 Male 7002 7203 

DARMSTADT 1 Jul 1979 HEIDELBERG 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


7705 ? ? 1989 Male WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1977 MUNICH 8905 3 Jun 1989 

Unk. sex 8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 5 Apr 1989 

VILLARS-DOMBES 8805 28 Jul 1989 Unk. sex 


8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 11 Apr 1988 VILLARS-DOMBES 

8903 5 Aug 1989 Male UNKN UNKN 

UNKNOWN ? ? 1989 GETTORF 

8913 7 Aug 1989 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN GETTORF 

17 Jun 1989 GETTORF 8912 10 Aug 1989 

Female UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 1989 

GETTORF 8701 28 Aug 1989 Male 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1987 VOETS 

Subsp. minor 

8702 28 Aug 1989 Female WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1986 VOETS (R)L228R 8807 4 Sep 1989 

Unk. sex 8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 12 Dec 1988 

VILLARS-DOMBES 7703 4 Nov 1989 Female 

7403 7404 WUPPERTAL 20 Oct 1977 WUPPERTAL 

7706 4 Nov 1989 Female WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1977 WUPPERTAL 8901 

3 Dec 1989 Unk. sex 8508 8509 UPIE 5 Sep 

1989 UPIE 8907 15 Dec 1989 

Unk. sex 8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 15 Nov 1989 

VILLARS-DOMBES 8208 ? ? 1989 Male 

UNKN 6801 WALSRODE/V 31 Dec 1982 WALSRODE/V 

(R)8197/BLUE 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8908 5 Feb 1990 Unk. sex 8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 

30 Dec 1989 VILLARS-DOMBES 9006 9 Feb 1990 

Unk. sex 8202 8707 BOCHUM 8 Feb 1990 

BOCHUM 8711 12 Apr 1990 Unk. sex 

8202 UNKN BOCHUM 8 Feb 1990 BOCHUM 

8403 23 Apr 1990 Male 8307 8210 

ALPHEN ? ? 1984 ROTTERDAM (R)L170 

8603 ? ? 1990 Unk. sex 8202 8501 BOCHUM 

17 Dec 1986 SCHMIDING 7501 2 Oct 1990 

Male 6502 6601 BERLIN/ZOO 28 May 1975 

BERLIN/ZOO (R)C-00176 8811 11 Dec 1990 Male 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1988 BARCELONA 

(U)TO178 8713 16 Dec 1990 Female UNKN UNKN 

UNKNOWN ? ? 1988 ROTTERDAM (U)L 248R 

7603 ? ? 1990 Male 7501 6601 BERLIN/ZOO 

26 Dec 1976 SCHMIDING (R)C-002014 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



8311 18 Jan 1991 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN WAMEL DVL 

? Jan 1983 ARCEN 8209 27 Feb 1991 


MIERLO (R)3783 L 8206 24 Apr 1991 Male 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1982 WALSRODE/M 

8405 ? ? 1991 Female 8202 8203 

BOCHUM 22 Nov 1984 SCHMIDING (R)PINK 

6802 9 Jul 1991 Female WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1981 WALSRODE/V (R)B 7296 8704 31 Aug 1991 

Female UNKN UNKN BUDAPEST ? ? 1984 

BUDAPEST 8904 5 Nov 1991 Female 

UNKN UNKN OSIEK ? ? 1986 LIBEREC 

8918 6 Nov 1991 Female UNKN UNKN 

LIBEREC ? ? 1990 PRAGUE 

9103 8 Nov 1991 Unk. sex 8508 8509 UPIE 

2 Nov 1991 UPIE 8505 25 Nov 1991 

Female UNKN UNKN JURONG ? ? 1985 

LEIPZIG (R)B 7465 8705 29 Nov 1991 Female 

UNKN 8204 WALSRODE/V 10 Jun 1988 WALSRODE/V 

(R)B7074 9001 15 Dec 1991 Unk. sex 8508 8509 

UPIE 6 Jun 1990 DOUE-LA-FONTAIN 

6701 ? ? 1991 Female UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN 

? ? 1973 AUGSBURG 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

2.2.6.1 DEATHS OF GOURA CRISTATA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Birth date Last site Identification 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


8309 2 Feb 1992 Male UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN 

? ? 1983 ALPHEN (R)04080 8507 7 Feb 1992 

Female UNKN UNKN JURONG ? ? 1986 

ANTWERP (R)WHITE 9201 8 Feb 1992 Unk. sex 

9107 9106 PISA 6 Feb 1992 PISA 

9104 11 May 1992 Unk. sex 8202 8707 

BOCHUM 23 Apr 1991 BOCHUM (R)PURPLE 


7704 15 May 1992 Male WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1977 WUPPERTAL (R)5503 9207 ? ? 1992 

Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA ? ? 1992 PISA 

9208 ? ? 1992 Unk. sex 9107 

9106 PISA ? Jun 1992 PISA 

9209 ? ? 1992 Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA 

? Jun 1992 PISA 8707 9 

Jun 1992 Female 8202 8203 BOCHUM 22 Nov 1984 

BOCHUM (R)BLUE/BLACK 9008 10 Jun 1992 Female 

UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? ?1990 WALSRODE/V 

(R)C7025 8406 26 Jun 1992 Male UNKN 8207 

WALSRODE/V 31 Dec 1984 WALSRODE/V (R)B8028 

9206 ? ? 1992 Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA 

? ? 1992 PISA 9003 2 Sep 1992 

Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1989 WEERT 

(R)13 RE 7001 30 Oct 1992 Female WILD 

WILD WILD ? ? 1970 ROTTERDAM 

8308 3 Dec 1992 Female UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN 

? ? 1983 ALPHEN (R)04042 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8408 ? ? 1993 Female WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1984 LOUROSA 7906 4 Jan 1993 

Male UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 1979 

ROTTERDAM (R)L084 R 9304 ? ? 1993 Unk. sex 

9107 9106 PISA ? ? 1993 PISA 

9205 22 Jan 1993 Female UNKN UNKN 

ARCEN 3 Jul 1992 ARCEN (R)R 2540 (L) 

8606 9 Feb 1993 Male UNKN UNKN JURONG 

? ? 1986 ANTWERP (R)JBP 0047 9305 ? ? 1993 

Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA ? ? 1993 PISA 

9301 29 Mar 1993 Unk. sex 8409 

8410 JEREZ 9 Mar 1993 JEREZ 

9204 ? ? 1993 Unk. sex 8407 8408 LOUROSA 

? Jan 1992 LOUROSA 9306 ? 

? 1993 Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA ? ? 1993 

PISA 9311 13 May 1993 Unk. sex 

8508 8509 UPIE 13 May 1993 UPIE 

9307 ? ? 1993 Unk. sex 9107 9106 

PISA ? ? 1993 PISA 

9312 12 Aug 1993 Unk. sex 8508 8509 UPIE 

16 Jul 1993 UPIE 9309 ? ? 1993 

Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA 1 Sep 1993 PISA 


8304 15 Sep 1993 Female WILD 

WILD WILD ? ? 1983 OVERPELT 

9308 ? ? 1993 Unk. sex 9107 9106 PISA 

? ? 1993 PISA 8101 27 

Sep 1993 Male UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 1979 

OVERPELT 7403 9 Nov 1993 Male 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1974 WUPPERTAL 

9213 1 Dec 1993 Unk. sex 8508 8509 

UPIE 27 Jul 1992 ST.AND-DE-S 

9214 29 Dec 1993 Female 8307 8210 ALPHEN 

3 Jun 1992 ALPHEN (R)O4085 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


7802 5 Jan 1994 Male WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1978 MIERLO 8410 9 Jan 1994 

Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1984 JEREZ 

8407 ? ? 1994 Male WILD 

WILD WILD ? ? 1984 LOUROSA 

7701 12 May 1994 Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1977 PALMYRE 9408 ? 

? 1994 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN PISA ? Jun 1994 

PISA 9409 ? ? 1994 Unk. sex 

UNKN UNKN PISA ? ? 1994 PISA 

9403 5 Jul 1994 Unk. sex 8202 8709 

BOCHUM 5 Jul 1994 BOCHUM 

8906 1 Aug 1994 Male 8103 7702 VILLARS-DOMBES 

22 Jul 1989 MONTPELLIER 8401 5 Aug 1994 

Male 8202 8203 BOCHUM 4 Aug 1984 

SCHMIDING (R)PINK 8820 30 Aug 1994 Unk. sex 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1988 BARCELONA 

(T)TO 164 9407 ? ? 1994 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN 

PISA ? ? 1994 PISA 

9101 20 Oct 1994 Female UNKN UNKN ALPHEN 

16 May 1991 ARCEN (R)AV1 ZILVER 8823 8 Dec 1994 

Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1988 

BARCELONA 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

Total deaths: 26.32.39 


2.2.6.2 REPORTED DEATH CAUSES OF GOURA CRISTATA THROUGH 1994 

──────────────────────────────────────── 

Stud# Death date Last site PM report Primary cause(s) of death 

──────────────────────────────────────── 

6802 9 Jul 1991 Walsrode/v tumor in ovary 

6803 ? ? 1988 Walsrode/v enteritis 

7001 30 Oct 1992 Rotterdam 401378 trauma(laparoscopy), aspergillosis 

7203 10 Mar 1988 Berlin/Zoo 4 A-05927/G4468 serofibrinose aerosacculutis 

7403 9 Nov 1993 Wuppertal trauma (ruptured spleen) 

7701 12 May 1994 Palmyre trauma (anaesthesia-laparoscopy) 

7703 4 Nov 1989 Wuppertal suspected avian T.B.C. 

7704 15 May 1992 Wuppertal trauma, accident 

7905 30 Dec 1981 Steinen aspergillosis 

7906 4 Jan 1993 Rotterdam B 401380 possible nephritis (clostridium) 

8101 27 Sep 1993 Overpelt gout 

8203 28 Aug 1985 Bochum trauma (open fracture left leg) 

8204 11 Oct 1988 Walsrode/v trauma (broken neck) 

8304 15 Sep 1993 Overpelt trauma 

8401 5 Aug 1994 Schmiding hemorrhagic enteritis 

8403 23 Apr 1990 Rotterdam B 90 76 septicaemia 

8406 26 Jun 1992 Walsrode/v nephritis 8407 

? ? 1994 Lourosa salmonellosis 

8501 ? Jun 1987 Bochum pneumonia 

8503 19 Feb 1988 Walsrode/v trauma 

8505 25 Nov 1991 Leipzig mycotic pneumonia 

8507 7 Feb 1992 Antwerp focal ventricular fibrosis 

8510 7 Nov 1986 Upie enterotoxemia 

8602 10 Dec 1987 Halle possible poultry tuberculosis 

8704 31 Aug 1991 Budapest leucosis 

8705 29 Nov 1991 Walsrode/v aspergillosis 

8707 9 Jun 1992 Bochum aspergillosis, septacaemia 

8711 12 Apr 1990 Bochum streptococcus 

8805 28 Jul 1989 Villars-Dombes pneumonia 

8806 26 Oct 1988 Villars-Dombes trauma 8807 

4 Sep 1989 Villars-Dombes pneumonia 

8901 3 Dec 1989 Upie enterotoxemia 

8903 5 Aug 1989 Gettorf Salmonella bovis 

8904 5 Nov 1991 Liberec trauma (anaesthesia-laparoscopy) 


2.2.6.2 REPORTED DEATH CAUSES OF GOURA CRISTATA THROUGH 1994 

──────────────────────────────────────── 


──────────────────────────────────────── 



8918 6 Nov 1991 Prague trauma after laparoscopy 

9001 15 Dec 1991 Doue-la-Fontain trauma (frightened by keeper) 

9006 9 Feb 1990 Bochum streptococcus 

9008 10 Jun 1992 Walsrode/v trauma 

9103 8 Nov 1991 Upie hypothermia 

9104 11 May 1992 Bochum aspergillosis, Salmonella found 

9201 8 Feb 1992 Pisa trauma, parental aluminum ring 

9308 ? ? 1993 Pisa trauma (heating mistake) 

9311 13 May 1993 Upie trauma (fallen on the ground) 

9312 12 Aug 1993 Upie trauma (fallen on the ground) 

9403 5 Jul 1994 Bochum trauma 

9407 ? ? 1994 Pisa respiratory tract inflammation 

======================================================================= 


2.2.6.3 SEASON OF DEATHS OF GOURA CRISTATA 

1952 - 1987 (N = 32) 

1988 - 1994 (N = 78) 

1952 - 1994 (N = 110) 



2.2.7.1 BIRTHS OF GOURA CRISTATA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

Stud# Sex Birth date Site of birth Sire# Dam# 

Identification Fc Death date Last site 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

Births during: 1988 (Subtotal: 1.1.3) 

8805 Unk. sex 11 Apr 1988 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 28 Jul 1989 VILLARS-D. 

8705 Female 10 Jun 1988 WALSRODE/V UNKN 8204 

(R)B7074 

0.000 29 Nov 1991 WALSRODE/V 

8801 Male 23 Aug 1988 UPIE 8508 8509 

0.000 D.L.FONTAIN 

8806 Unk. sex 25 Oct 1988 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 26 Oct 1988 VILLARS-D. 

8807 Unk. sex 12 Dec 1988 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 4 Sep 1989 VILLARS-D. 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8709 Female 10 Jan 1989 BOCHUM 8202 8707 

(R)WHITE 0.250 BOCHUM 

8905 Unk. sex 5 Apr 1989 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 3 Jun 1989 VILLARS-D. 

8913 Unk. sex 17 Jun 1989 GETTORF UNKN UNKN 

0.000 7 Aug 1989 GETTORF 

8906 Male 22 Jul 1989 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 1 Aug 1994 MONTPELLIER 9004 Female 14 

Aug 1989 BOCHUM 8202 8707 (R)RED 0.250 

BOCHUM 

8901 Unk. sex 5 Sep 1989 UPIE 8508 8509 

0.000 3 Dec 1989 UPIE 

8803 Male ? ? 1989 TIMMASPE UNKN UNKN 

0.000 TIMMASPE 8907 Unk. sex 15 

Nov 1989 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 0.000 

15 Dec 1989 VILLARS-D. 

8908 Unk. sex 30 Dec 1989 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 5 Feb 1990 VILLARS-D. 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8711 Unk. sex 8 Feb 1990 BOCHUM 8202 UNKN 


0.000 12 Apr 1990 BOCHUM 

9006 Unk. sex 8 Feb 1990 BOCHUM 8202 8707 

0.250 9 Feb 1990 BOCHUM 

9010 Male 23 Mar 1990 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 MONTPELLIER 8804 Female ? 

? 1990 TIMMASPE UNKN UNKN 0.000 

TIMMASPE 9001 Unk. sex 6 Jun 1990 UPIE 

8508 8509 0.000 15 Dec 1991 

D.L.FONTAIN 

9014 Female ? ? 1990 ALPHEN UNKN UNKN 

(R)BLUE RIGHT 0.000 CHESTER 9005 Male 

22 Jun 1990 BOCHUM 8202 8707 (R)ORANGE 

0.250 WUPPERTAL 

9007 Male 24 Jun 1990 WALSRODE/V UNKN UNKN (R)C 

7088 0.000 WALSRODE/M 9015 Male 15 

Sep 1990 ARCEN UNKN UNKN (R)S1031 R2531 RL 0.000 

ARCEN 

9011 Female 22 Dec 1990 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 ST.AND-DE-S 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9110 Unk. sex ? ? 1991 LOUROSA 8409 8410 

0.000 LOUROSA 9111 Unk. sex ? 

? 1991 JEREZ 8409 8410 0.000 

JEREZ 

9104 Unk. sex 23 Apr 1991 BOCHUM 8202 8707 

(R)PURPLE 

0.250 11 May 1992 BOCHUM 

9101 Female 16 May 1991 ALPHEN UNKN UNKN 

(R)AV1 ZILVER R 0.000 20 Oct 1994 ARCEN 9102 Female 

6 Jun 1991 UPIE 8508 8509 

0.000 UPIE 9105 Female 14 Sep 1991 

ARCEN UNKN UNKN (R)R 2645 0.000 

D.L.FONTAIN 

9103 Unk. sex 2 Nov 1991 UPIE 8508 8509 

0.000 8 Nov 1991 UPIE 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9204 Unk. sex ? Jan 1992 LOUROSA 8407 8408 

0.000 ? ? 1993 LOUROSA 

9219 Male ? ? 1992 JEREZ 8409 8410 

(R)14960 0.000 O ROSAL 9220 Female 


? ? 1992 LOUROSA 8407 8408 (R)31497 

0.000 O ROSAL 

9201 Unk. sex 6 Feb 1992 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 8 Feb 1992 PISA 

9212 Male 19 Feb 1992 BOCHUM 8202 8707 

0.250 BOCHUM 9216 Female 3 

Mar 1992 WALSRODE/V 7605 8207 (R)B 8510 0.000 

WALSRODE/M 9202 Male 21 May 1992 

WUPPERTAL 7403 9012 0.000 

PRAGUE 

9210 Unk. sex 24 May 1992 BARCELONA 8810 8813 

(R)00-004D-2FB4 0.000 BARCELONA 

9207 Unk. sex ? ? 1992 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1992 PISA 

9208 Unk. sex ? Jun 1992 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1992 PISA 

9209 Unk. sex ? Jun 1992 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1992 PISA 

9214 Female 3 Jun 1992 ALPHEN 8307 8210 

(R)O4085 0.000 29 Dec 1993 ALPHEN 9206 Unk. sex 

? ? 1992 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1992 PISA 

9203 Male 19 Jun 1992 VILLARS-DOMBES 8103 7702 

0.000 ST.AND.DE S 9205 Female 3 

Jul 1992 ARCEN UNKN UNKN (R)R 2540 (L) 0.000 

22 Jan 1993 ARCEN,PRIVE 

9213 Unk. sex 27 Jul 1992 UPIE 8508 8509 

0.000 1 Dec 1993 ST.AND.DE S 9217 Male 22 

Aug 1992 WALSRODE/V 7605 8207 (R)B 8374 0.000 

WALSRODE/M 9215 Male 6 Oct 1992 

BARCELONA 8810 8813 (R)00-0026-8B82 0.000 

BARCELONA 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

2.2.7.1 BIRTHS OF GOURA CRISTATA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Identification Fc Death date Last site 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



9304 Unk. sex ? ? 1993 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1993 PISA 8825 Female ? 

? 1993 TIMMASPE UNKN UNKN (R)SH00100817 0.000 

TIMMASPE 8925 Male ? ? 1993 TIMMASPE 

UNKN UNKN (R)SH00101064 0.000 

TIMMASPE 9305 Unk. sex ? ? 1993 PISA 9107 

9106 0.000 ? ? 1993 PISA 9301 

Unk. sex 9 Mar 1993 JEREZ 8409 8410 

0.000 29 Mar 1993 JEREZ 9306 Unk. sex ? ? 

1993 PISA 9107 9106 0.000 ? 

? 1993 PISA 9311 Unk. sex 13 May 1993 UPIE 

8508 8509 0.000 13 May 1993 UPIE 

9302 Unk. sex 29 May 1993 BOCHUM 8202 8709 

0.375 BOCHUM 9307 Unk. sex 

? ? 1993 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1993 PISA 9312 Unk. sex 16 Jul 1993 

UPIE 8508 8509 0.000 12 Aug 

1993 UPIE 9310 Female 27 Jul 1993 WALSRODE/V 

7605 8207 (R)B 8538 0.000 WALSRODE/V 

9308 Unk. sex ? ? 1993 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 ? ? 1993 PISA 9309 Unk. sex 1 

Sep 1993 PISA 9107 9106 0.000 

? ? 1993 PISA 9314 Male 30 Sep 1993 ALPHEN 

8307 8210 (R)AVI 93 325 0.000 

ALPHEN 9303 Unk. sex 20 Nov 1993 BOCHUM 8202 

8709 0.375 BOCHUM 9108 

Female ? ? 1993 TIMMASPE UNKN UNKN 

0.000 TIMMASPE 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9401 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 PISA 9107 9106 

0.000 PISA 9402 Unk. sex ? 

? 1994 PISA 9107 9106 0.000 

PISA 9406 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 PISA 

UNKN UNKN 0.000 PISA 

9404 Female 14 May 1994 WALSRODE/V 7605 8207 

(R)B 8856 0.000 WALSRODE/V 9408 Unk. 

sex ? Jun 1994 PISA UNKN UNKN 

0.000 ? ? 1994 PISA 9409 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 

PISA UNKN UNKN 0.000 ? ? 

1994 PISA 

9411 Unk. sex 18 Jun 1994 WEERT 9313 9002 

(R)087 0.000 WEERT 

9403 Unk. sex 5 Jul 1994 BOCHUM 8202 8709 

0.375 5 Jul 1994 BOCHUM 

9407 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 PISA UNKN UNKN 

0.000 ? ? 1994 PISA 


9405 Unk. sex 30 Sep 1994 TIMMASPE 8925 8804 

(R)AZW 80494 0061 0.000 

TIMMASPE 

9410 Unk. sex 15 Oct 1994 O ROSAL 9219 9220 

0.000 O ROSAL 

Total births: 15.17.44 


2.2.7.2 SEASON OF BIRTHS OF GOURA CRISTATA 

1952 - 1987 (N = 28) 

1988 - 1994 (N = 60) 

1952 - 1994 (N = 88) 



2.2.8 TRANSFERS OF GOURA CRISTATA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────── 

Date of transfer Stud# Old location New location 

dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1988 

01 01 88 8310 Wamel Dvl Arcen 

18 02 88 8703 Wild Budapest 

27 02 88 8810 Wild Barcelona 














01 05 88 8607 Alphen Arcen 


07 06 88 8603 Bochum Berlin/zoo 

04 07 88 8712 Alphen Rotterdam 

19 08 88 8714 Unknown Rotterdam 

19 08 88 8713 Unknown Rotterdam 

01 09 88 8512 Pisa Recanati 

13 10 88 8405 Bochum Berlin/zoo 

04 12 88 8802 Lisboa Lisboa 

1989 

01 01 89 8903 Unknown Gettorf 

01 01 89 8912 Unknown Gettorf 

01 01 89 7706 Munich Wuppertal 

01 01 89 8409 Lourosa Jeres dl Front 


11 01 89 8702 Rotterdam Tilburg 

11 02 89 8701 Rotterdam Tilburg 

25 04 89 8917 Wild Prague 

25 04 89 8916 Wild Prague 

13 05 89 8910 Osiek Liberec 



07 06 89 8603 Berlin/zoo Schmiding 

02 07 89 8405 Berlin/zoo Schmiding 



────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1990 

01 01 90 9106 Wild Pisa 

16 03 90 7704 Munich Wuppertal 

23 03 90 8906 Villars-Dombes Montpellier 


02 05 90 7603 Berlin/Zoo Schmiding 

19 05 90 8311 Unknown Arcen 

24 05 90 9008 Unknown Walsrode/v 

01 06 90 9016 Unknown Bochum watt. Sc. 

07 06 90 9107 Unknown Pisa 

08 06 90 9013 Wild Adliswil 

08 06 90 9017 Wild Adliswil 

14 06 90 9002 Wild Weert 

16 06 90 9003 Wild Weert 

01 08 90 8915 Wild Gettorf 

11 08 90 8304 Wondergem Overpelt 

07 11 90 9012 Wild Wuppertal 

01 12 90 8801 Upie Doue la Fontain 

01 12 90 9001 Upie Doue la Fontain 

1991 

25 01 91 8401 Bochum Schmiding 



19 03 91 8918 Liberec Praha 

27 03 91 8708 Bochum Chester 

08 04 91 9115 Unknown Bojnice 


02 12 91 9014 Alphen Chester 

1992 

25 03 92 9101 Alphen Arcen 

14 04 92 9016 Bochum w.Sc. Bochum 

27 04 92 9007 Walsrode/v Walsrode/m 

1993 



08 02 93 8720 Oisterwijk Best 

08 02 93 8719 Oisterwijk Best 

01 04 93 9219 Jerez dl Front O Rosal 

01 04 93 9220 Lourosa O Rosal 

03 04 93 9105 Arcen Doue la Fontain 

25 06 93 9315 Unknown Timmaspe 

10 10 93 9213 Upie St. Andre de S. 


15 10 93 9313 Goch Weert 


────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1993 cont. 

24 10 93 9011 Villars-Dombes St. Andre de S 

24 10 93 9203 Villars-Dombes St. Andre de S 

31 10 93 9015 Overpelt Arcen 

1994 

01 06 94 9319 Singapore Tilburg 

01 06 94 9412 Singapore Tilburg 

28 06 94 8504 Budapest Bojnice 

14 07 94 9005 Bochum Wuppertal 

14 07 94 9202 Wuppertal Prague 

02 12 94 9114 Bojnice Budapest 

15 12 94 9217 Walsrode/m Mallorca Exotic 

=================================================================== 



2.2.9 SUMMARY OF SELECTED MANAGEMENT DATA FOR 

GOURA CRISTATA 1988 - 1994 

Population Size and Genetic Data 

Current population: (31 Dec. 1994): 39.35.15 (T=89) 

Founders: 25 

Live founders: 18; % current population 20.2% 

Potential founders: 24 (14 wild caught and 10 unknown parentage) 

Potential founders as % current pop.: 22.8% 

Transfers, Imports and Exports (See 2.2.8) 

There were 25 transfers made in 1988, 14 in 1989, 18 in 1990, 8 in 1991, 3 in 1992, 13 in 1993 and 

7 in 1994. There were 43 G. cristata imported into the EEP population between 1988-1994. Only 

one individual was exported out of the population. 

Age Distribution (See 2.2.4): 

The age of only 31 (34.8%) individuals in the current population was known as of 31 December 

1994; the year of birth but not the date was known for another 15 (16.9%). As would be expected, 

birds of known age have been generally younger birds bred in captivity. All 31 birds of known age 

were 8 years of age or younger as of 31 December 1994. There was no information on hatching date 

for 21 (31.3%) of the of 67 birds placed in the age categories of eight years or less. The age 

categorizations are usually based on the minimum amount of time that the birds are known to have 

been in captivity. Actual age of such birds could be much higher in many cases, as methods of 

capturing crowned pigeons (e.g. netting them at communal drinking locations) would favour 

capture of adult/self feeding individuals of any possible age. 

The number of individuals of unknown sex are divided equally between males and females in 

Figure 2.2.4. 

The population contains a lower proportion of young individuals than is desirable. 

Sex Ratio 

The sex ratio of males to females is 1.0:0.90. Sex of 15 (16.9%) of the birds has not been reported. 

All birds should be sexed as rapidly as possible, and techniques for sexing birds are discussed in the 

research and management section of this studbook. 

Founder Representation (See 2.2.3) and Inbreeding 

The two "pseudo founders" constituted 46.41% of the founder representation on 31 December 1994, 

meaning that 46.41% of the genes in the captive bred group were of unknown origin. Founder 

representation of each of the 25 known founders was low but fairly equal; all birds contributed less 

than 5% of the total and 14 birds less than 2% each. Together, the founders and potential founders 

constituted almost half of the population as of 31 December 1994. 

There were 10 individuals in the current population as of 31 December 1994 with an inbreeding 

coefficient of > 0; two of these pigeons had an inbreeding coefficient of .375. 

Given the large percentage of founders and potential founders in the current population, and the 

fairly equal founder representation, the chance of a obtaining a genetically balanced and diverse 

population certainly seems possible if good management, including much improved reproduction 

and strict genetic management, is practised. 


Number of Births and Deaths (See 2.2.5) 

The number of deaths unfortunately exceeded the number of births in all years except one (1992) 

during the 1989-1994 period. 

Season of Death (See 2.2.6.3) 

Deaths occurred during all months of the year; 35.9% of the deaths for which a date is known 

occurred during the 3 month period December-February. Deaths were slightly lower than average in 

the 3 month period June-August (23.0% of total) and the 6 month period May-October (44.9%). 

Age of Individuals at Death During the Period 1988-1994: 

Age 0-30d 30d-1y 1 + -5y 5 + -10y 10 + -15y 15 + -20y 20 + y Tot 

Est. 1 17 15 23 9 4 2 71 

Known 10 6 5 3 1 1 0 26 

Total 11 23 20 26 10 5 2 97 

Est. = Estimated age, or minimum age, based on date of arrival. 

Known = Age Known 

The mortality of adults in the G. cristata population was surprisingly high relative to the younger 

age categories; the 0-30 day group constituted only 11.5% of all deaths. It is possible that 

individuals in the adult estimated age categories were older than estimated, as the estimated age is 

usually based on the minimum length of time that the specimen was in captivity. However, the 

percentage of deaths in the 1 + -10 year age categories was fairly similar between known age 

individuals (30.8%) and estimated age individuals (37.1%). 

Cause of Death 

Information on causes of death are insufficient; the cause of death was only provided for only 43 

(44.3%) of the 97 deaths occurring in the 1988-1994 period. Trauma was the single most common 

reported cause of death, being the cause of death in 18 (37.5%) of the 48 deaths listed in the 

studbook for which a cause was given. It is however usually the most easily diagnosed cause of 

death, and therefore may be relatively over-represented. Bacteria and fungi were implicated in a 

number of other deaths in which cause was reported. 


Summary of Goura cristata Annual Report/Studbook Reproductive Data 1988 - 1994: 

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 

Nr institutions holding sp. 13 13 25 30 30 33 31 

Nr institutions breeding sp. 2 2 5 3 7 7 6 

% breeding/holding sp. 15 15 20 10 23 21 19 

Nr young born 4 5 10 4 15 13 10 

Nr young survived 30 days 3 2 8 3 7 4 6 

% young survived/born 75 40 80 75 33 31 60 

Nr breeding pairs 2 2 6 3 7 6 6 

Nr pairs with surviving young 2 2 6 3 6 3 5 

Avg. nr. young hatched/pair 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 

Avg. nr. young reared/pair 

with surviving young 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 

The number of institutions involved in the EEP has generally increased, while the proportion of 

zoos breeding the species has remained somewhat stable. The number of young hatched per pair 

and the number that survived have been quite variable, but the average number of chicks reared per 

successful pair has remained relatively constant. 

Season of Births (See 2.2.7.2) 

It can be seen that hatchings occur year round, although in births for which the date is known a 

trend towards late spring/early summer (May-July) is apparent, particularly between 1988-1994, 

during which 43.1% of the births occurred in this 3 month period. During the 3 month "summer' 

period of June-August 37.9% of the chicks hatched. More chicks (63.8%) hatched during the 6 

month period May-October compared to the other six months of the year. 


RESULTS OF 1989-1994 GOURA CRISTATA MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRES 

(Some information was collected only as of 1991) 

Zoos that responded for one or more years include: Alphen, Antwerp, Amsterdam, Antwerp, 

Barcelona, Best, Bojnice, Bochum, Budapest, Copenhagen, Doue-la-Fontaine, Gettorf, Hayle, 

Liberec, Mulhouse, O Rosal, Overpelt, Prague, Rotterdam, St. Andre de Sangonis, St. Oedenrode, 

Timmaspe, Upie, Pisa, Villar les Dombes, Walsrode, Weert, Wuppertal. 

89 90 91 92 93 94 Tot 

Nr zoos responding 12 12 9 17 12 17 79 

(Not all zoos answered all questions) 

Pair information 

Nr pairs/groups 13 13 9 16 16 18 85 

incl. 2 egg-laying && 1992, 1994 

Total 91-94 

Nr pairs courting 10 10 7 11 11 11 

59 

60 

Total 91-94 40 

Nr pairs copulating - - 4 9 8 7 28 

Nr pairs with eggs 9 7 7 12 10 12 57 

Total 91-94 41 

Nr pairs hatching young - - 4 4 7 6 21 

Nr pairs rear young >30 days - - 4 2 3 5 14 

Egg and young information 89 90 91 92 93 94 Tot 

Nr eggs produced (total) 26 23 35 67 56 43 250 

Nr eggs known fertile 17 15 13 22 32 15 114 

% fertile/produced 65 65 37 33 57 35 46 

Nr eggs infertile 6 4 5 28 17 22 82 

% infertile/produced 23 17 14 42 30 51 33 

Nr eggs fertility unk. 3 4 17 17 7 6 54 

% unknown/produced 12 17 48 25 13 14 21 

Nr eggs broken 6 4 15 20 17 13 75 

% broken/produced 23 17 43 30 30 10 30 

Nr eggs parent inc. - - 35 67 26 32 160 

Nr eggs parent hatched - - 5 15 9 10 39 

% parent hatched/inc. - - 14 22 35 31 24 

Nr chicks parent reared - - 3 5 4 5 17 

% parent reared/hatched - - 60 33 44 50 44 

Nr eggs other inc. - - 0 0 14 23 37 

% other hatched/inc. - - 0 0 0 0 0 

An average of 2.9 eggs per year were produced by all the pairs included in the survey during the six 

year period, while an average of 4.9 eggs were annually produced by egg-laying pairs. Of all 250 

eggs laid only 15.6% hatched and only 6.8% of all eggs resulted in chicks reared. All successful 

incubation and rearing was by the parents rather than by artificial techniques. On 


the average almost one-third of all eggs were broken, and at least a third were infertile. 


GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 

2.3.1 - 2.3.9 



2.3.1 HISTORICAL GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI STUDB. POPULATION THROUGH 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

Stud# Sex Sire# Dam# Arrival Event Location ARKS 

Prog. Death date Identific. Fc Subspec. 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

5901 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1959 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 25 Jul 1961 0.000 sclateri 

10 Feb 1960 Trade ANTWERP 3642A 


5902 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1959 Purchase ROTTERDAM 


10 Feb 1960 Trade ANTWERP 3642B 


5903 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1959 Trade ROTTERDAM 3642C 



5904 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1959 Purchase ROTTERDAM 


10 Feb 1960 Trade ANTWERP 3642D 


6101 F WILD WILD 22 Oct 1961 Trade FRANKFURT 

EEP ? ? 1984 (R)6544+YL 0.000 sclateri 

27 Jul 1982 Trade ZÜRICH 0107 EEP 

6601 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1966 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 19 Jan 1975 0.000 sclateri 

6602 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1966 Trade ROTTERDAM 


6701 F 6602 6601 27 Jul 1967 ROTTERDAM 

EEP 18 Oct 1981 0.000 sclateri 

6801 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1968 Trade FRANKFURT 


0.000 subsp 

31 Dec 1968 Trade BERLIN 


6802 M 6602 6601 3 Apr 1968 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP 15 Dec 1982 (R)L028GREEN 0.000 

6901 F UNKN UNKN 15 Jan 1969 Trade ANTWERP 6265A 


6902 F UNKN UNKN 15 Jan 1969 Trade ANWERP 6256B 


7101 ? UNKN 6701 12 Jan 1971 ROTTERDAM 


7201 M WILD WILD 8 Feb 1972 Trade BERNE 

EEP 26 Jun 1986 (R)TP841 L 0.000 sclateri 


7202 F WILD WILD 8 Feb 1972 Trade BERNE 

EEP 13 Jun 1989 (R)TP839 R 0.000 sclateri 

17 Jul 1986 Loan ZÜRICH 0116 


30 Sep 1988 Loan Rt BERNE 


7203 M 6602 6601 5 Jun 1972 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401118 

EEP 30 Nov 1989 (R)L036 L 0.000 sclateri 

26 May 1989 Unknown WEERT EEP 

7204 ? UNKN 6701 12 Aug 1972 ROTTERDAM 

EEP 15 Aug 1972 0.000 sclateri 

7301 ? UNKN 6701 12 Jun 1973 ROTTERDAM 

EEP 31 Dec 1973? 0.000 sclateri 

7401 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1974 Trade KUALA LUMPUR 

27 Apr 1981 0.000 sclateri 

22 Jan 1975 Trade ZÜRICH 0101 


7402 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1974 Trade KUALA LUJPUR 

27 Apr 1981 0.000 sclateri 

22 Jan 1975 Trade ZÜRICH 



2 Jun 1978 0.000 sclateri 




31 Dec 1979? 0.000 



7802 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1987 Unknown AGRATE 


0.000 sclateri 

1 Jul 1989 Unknown MULHOUSE 890077 


7803 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1978 Unknown SCHMIDING 


7901 ? 7201 7202 18 Jul 1979 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 19 Jul 1979 0.000 sclateri 

7902 M 7201 7202 3 Sep 1979 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 24 Nov 1985 (R)794 0.000 sclateri 

5 Feb 1981 Trade ZÜRICH 0105 EEP 

8001 ? 7201 7202 17 Feb 1980 Hatching BERNE 



8002 M 7201 7202 29 Mar 1980 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 6 Dec 1983 (R)TP 014 R 0.000 sclateri 

5 Feb 1981 Loan ZÜRICH 0106 




10 Aug 1982 Loan MULHOUSE 

8003 F UNKN UNKN 31 Jul 1980 Hatching ARNHEM 

EEP 15 Dec 1981 0.000 sclateri 

15 Aug 1980 Trade ROTTERDAM EEP 

8004 M UNKN UNKN 31 Jul 1980 Hatching ARNHEM 


15 Aug 1980 Loan ROTTERDAM 


8005 ? 7201 7202 8 Oct 1980 Hatching BERNE 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

8008 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1980 Hatching ZÜRICH 

EEP ? Jan 1980 0.000 sclateri 

8101 ? 7201 7202 5 Jan 1981 Hatching BERNE 


8102 ? 7201 7202 6 May 1981 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 8 May 1981 0.000 sclateri 

8103 M 6802 8003 31 Aug 1981 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401119 

EEP ? ? 1990 0.000 sclateri 

26 May 1989 Unknown WEERT EEP 

8104 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1981 Hatching ROME-PRIVATE 

18 Nov 1988 0.000 

? Jan 1987 Trade AGRATE 


8108 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1981 Unknown SCHMIDING 


8110 F UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1981 Hatching AGRATE 

EEP 1 Jul 1990 (R)26 ZM 0.000 

1 Jul 1989 Unknown MULHOUSE 890078 



EEP 11 Dec 1994 (R)6545+R R 0.000 sclateri 

11 Aug 1982 Trade ZÜRICH 0108 


30 Sep 1989 Unknown BERNE 


26 Mar 1990 Loan SCHMIDING 



8202 F 6802 UNKN 12 Jul 1982 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401120 

EEP (R)L056R 0.000 sclateri 

8203 M 7201 7202 31 Oct 1980 Hatching BERNE 

EEP (R)5493 0.000 sclateri 

13 Sep 1983 Trade MULHOUSE 830063 


8204 F 7902 6101 23 Nov 1982 Hatching ZÜRICH 0109 

EEP 22 Mar 1989 (R)6681+Y R. 0.000 sclateri 

10 Jul 1986 Loan BASEL 


8205 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1982 Hatching ROME-PRIVATE 

20 Apr 1987 0.000 

? Jan 1987 Trade AGRATE 


8301 M 7902 6101 21 Jun 1983 Hatching ZÜRICH 0110 

EEP 21 Jun 1983 0.000 sclateri 

8302 F 7902 6101 20 Aug 1983 Hatching ZÜRICH 0111 

EEP 19 Jan 1985 (R)6706+REDL 0.000 sclateri 

20 Sep 1983 Trade BERNE 


4 Jul 1984 Loan MULHOUSE 


8303 F 7201 7202 29 Sep 1983 Hatching BERNE 



EEP 23 Jul 1984 (R)60198 0.000 sclateri 

13 Jul 1984 Loan BASEL 


8402 F 7902 6101 15 Mar 1984 Hatching ZÜRICH 0112 

EEP 16 Mar 1984 0.000 sclateri 

8403 M WILD WILD 31 Oct 1984 Trade ROTTERDAM 401121 

EEP (R)L143 L 0.000 sclateri 

8404 M 7902 8204 28 Nov 1984 Hatching ZÜRICH 0113 



EEP ? ? 1988 (R)B7465/BL. 0.000 sclateri 

7 Jun 1988 Unknown WALSRODE/M 



EEP (R)B8191 0.000 sclateri 






? ? 1988 (R)B8120/YEL 0.000 sclateri 




EEP 31 Dec 1989 (R)7230/BLA. 0.000 sclateri 





8501 M 7902 8204 25 May 1985 Hatching ZÜRICH 0114 


8502 M 7902 8204 2 Nov 1985 Hatching ZÜRICH 0115 

EEP 6 Nov 1985 0.250 sclateri 

8503 M 7201 7202 11 Feb 1985 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 13 Jan 1990 (R)60242 0.000 sclateri 

9 May 1985 Loan BASEL 


8504 ? 7201 7202 21 Dec 1985 Hatching BERNE 


8505 F 8406 8405 31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP (R)B 7465 0.000 sclateri 



8506 M 8406 8405 31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


8507 M 8410 UNKN 31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


20 Jan 1994 Unknown WALSRODE/M 



──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

─────────── 



ARKS 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 












? Jan 1987 Unknown O ROSAL 


8513 


F WILD WILD ? Jan 1985 Purchase LOUROSA 

0.000 



8601 ? 7201 7202 3 Mar 1986 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 6 Mar 1986 0.000 sclateri 

8602 ? 7201 7202 22 Apr 1986 Hatching BERNE 

EEP 23 Apr 1986 0.000 sclateri 

8603 ? 7201 7202 9 Jun 1986 Hatching BERNE 


8604 F 8403 8202 15 May 1988 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401122 

EEP (R)L015R 0.000 

2 May 1990 Unknown WEERT 


8605 ? 8403 8202 18 Sep 1988 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401123 


8606 ? 8403 8202 19 Jun 1989 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401665 


8607 F 8403 8202 3 Aug 1989 Hatching ROTTERDAM 401773 


18 Oct 1991 Loan WALSRODE/V EEP 

8704 M UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1987 Hatching WEERT 


8712 F WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Unknown LISBOA 2783 


8801 M WILD WILD 10 Mar 1988 Loan BARCELONA 2691 

EEP (R)SIN ANIL. 0.000 

8804 F 8410 8505 3 Nov 1987 Hatching WALSRODE/M 




8909 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1989 Hatching ROSAL 


8910 F UNKN UNKN 1 Mar 1988 Hatching LOUROSA 


1 Mar 1989 Purchase ROSAL 


9001 M WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown ST. OEDENRODE 



9003 M WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown WEERT 



EEP 14 Jan 1991 (R)10 RE 0.000 

9005 F 8403 8202 17 Jun 1990 Hatching ROTTERDAM 402081 

EEP (R)R 1470 0.000 sclateri 

24 Jul 1991 Loan ST. OEDENRODE EEP 

9006 ? 8403 8202 24 Oct 1990 Hatching ROTTERDAM 402207 


9007 ? 9003 8604 4 Sep 1990 Hatching WEERT 


9008 ? UNKN UNKN 29 Nov 1990 Unknown BERLIN 


9009 ? UNKN UNKN 7 Jun 1990 Unknown PISA 




9011 F UNKN 8604 ? ? 1990 Hatching WEERT 


1 Jul 1991 Purchase ST. OEDENRODE 


9012 M 8410 8505 1 Aug 1991 Hatching WALSRODE/M 

EEP (R)C 7349 0.000 sclateri 

10 Aug 1993 Donation WALSRODE/V 


3 Feb 1994 Purchase COPENHAGEN 




9015 F UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1990 Purchase PISA 


9017 M 8512 8513 26 May 1990 Hatching O ROSAL 


? Jan 1991 Unknown JEREZ 






9101 M WILD WILD 1 Jul 1991 Unknown GETTORF 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 


───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

9102 F WILD WILD 1 Jul 1991 Unknown GETTORF 


9103 F 8410 8505 20 Oct 1991 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


20 Oct 1993 Donation WALSRODE/V EEP 

9104 F 9003 8604 22 Sep 1991 Hatching WEERT 

EEP (R)780.041 0.000 

15 Oct 1993 Trade GOCH 


9105 ? 8403 8202 21 Apr 1991 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP 21 Apr 1991 0.000 sclateri 

9106 ? 8403 8202 12 Jun 1991 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9107 M 8403 8202 23 Jul 1991 Hatching ROTTERDAM 402497 

EEP (R)L 297 l 0.000 sclateri 

15 Jul 1993 Loan SCHMIDING EEP 

9108 M 8403 8202 23 Jan 1992 Hatching ROTTERDAM 402685 


(R)DB92-125 0.000 sclateri 

30 Jun 1993 Loan ST. OEDENRODE EEP 

9109 ? 9010 UNKN 7 Jun 1991 Hatching PISA 


9113 ? 8512 8513 26 May 1991 Hatching O ROSAL 




? Jan 1994 Unknown LOUROSA 


9118 M UNKN UNKN 8 Apr 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 


9119 ? UNKN UNKN 9 Apr 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 





EEP 3 Apr 1993 (R)DB92-124 0.000 sclateri 

9202 ? 8403 8202 22 Sep 1992 Hatching ROTTERDAM 403019 

EEP 23 Sep 1992 0.000 sclateri 

9203 F 8403 8202 5 Nov 1992 Hatching ROTTERDAM 403068 



9205 F 9003 8604 ? Jun 1992 Hatching WEERT 

EEP (R)92-780-48 0.000 

9210 F 8408 8607 15 Sep 1992 Hatching WALSRODE/V 



20 Jan 1994 Unknown WALSRODE/M EEP 

9211 F 8406 8804 1 Sep 1992 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


10 Aug 1993 Donation WALSRODE/V EEP 






9303 ? 8512 8513 2 Mar 1993 Hatching O ROSAL 




9305 ? 8403 


8202 17 Nov 1993 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9306 ? 8403 8202 11 May 1993 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9307 F 8406 8804 27 Jul 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


(R)OR150001 0.125 sclateri 

9308 ? 8408 8607 15 Aug 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP 1 Aug 1994 (R)B 8329 0.000 sclateri 

9309 F 8410 8505 17 Aug 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 



9310 M 8410 8505 27 Oct 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 

EEP (R)OR50003 0.000 sclateri 

9311 ? 8512 8513 1 Sep 1993 Hatching O ROSAL 

EEP (R)AO3066S 0.000 



9313 ? 9017 9018 ? Jan 1993 Hatching JEREZ 

EEP (R)1625 93 0.000 

9314 ? UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1993 Hatching WEERT 


9401 F 8403 8202 7 Feb 1994 Hatching ROTTERDAM 403555 



9402 M 8403 8202 27 Jun 1994 Hatching ROTTERDAM 403822 



9403 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1994 Hatching JEREZ 



EEP (R)S 1347 94 0.000 

9405 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1994 Hatching O ROSAL 




────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

9406 ? 8410 8505 4 Jun 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/M 



9407 


? 8410 8505 26 Sep 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/M 





9409 


M 8408 8607 13 Sep 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

(R)7525 0.000 sclateri 

9410 ? 8508 8511 23 Oct 1994 Hatching LOUROSA 


9411 M 8403 8202 1 Nov 1994 Hatching ROTTERDAM 403965 



9416 ? UNKN 9205 16 Apr 1994 Hatching WEERT 


9417 ? UNKN 9205 6 Sep 1994 Hatching WEERT 


================================================================== 

============================================= 



2.3.2 CURRENT GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


ARKS Program Identification FC Subspec. 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


8801 M WILD WILD 10 Mar 1988 Loan BARCELONA 

2691 EEP (R)SIN ANILLA 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


6801 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1968 Trade FRANKFURT 


31 Dec 1968 Trade BERLIN/ZOO 


9008 ? UNKN UNKN 29 Nov 1990 Unknown BERLIN/ZOO 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BOJNICE, Slovakia (Census: 1.0.1) 

9118 M UNKN UNKN 8 Apr 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 




.................................................................. 

............................................. 

COPENHAGEN, Denmark (Cesus: 1.1.0) 

9012 M 8410 8505 1 Aug 1991 Hatching WALSRODE/M 

ORNF3'90 EEP (R)C 7349 0.000 sclateri 

10 Aug 1993 Donation WALSRODE/V 









.................................................................. 

............................................. 




9203 F 8403 8202 5 Nov 1992 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

403068 EEP (R)DB 92-123 0.000 sclateri 

29 Jul 1993 Loan GETTORF EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

JEREZ DL FRONT, Spain (Census: 1.1.3) 


9017 M 8512 8513 26 May 1990 Hatching O ROSAL 


? Jan 1991 Unknown JEREZ EEP 




9313 ? 9017 9018 ? Jan 1993 Hatching JEREZ 

EEP (R)1625 93 (9214) 0.000 





.................................................................. 

............................................. 










9113 ? 8512 8513 26 May 1991 Hatching O ROSAL 





9311 ? 8512 8513 1 Sep 1993 Hatching O ROSAL 

EEP (R)AO 3066 S 10311 0.000 

? Jan 1994 Unknown LOUROSA EEP 

9410 ? 8508 8511 23 Oct 1994 Hatching LOUROSA 


.................................................................. 

.............................................MULHOUSE, France 

(Census: 1.1.0) 

7802 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1987 Unknown AGRATE 



1 Jul 1989 Unknown MULHOUSE 890077 EEP (R)25 

ZM 89 LEFT 

8203 M 7201 7202 31 Oct 1980 Hatching BERNE 111 


13 Sep 1983 Trade MULHOUSE 830063 EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 





? Jan 1987 Unknown O ROSAL EEP 



? Jan 1987 Unknown O ROSAL EEP 

9405 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1994 Hatching O ROSAL 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 




9015 F UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1990 Purchase PISA 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ROTTERDAM, The Netherlands (Census: 3.3.0) 

8202 F 6802 UNKN 12 Jul 1982 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401120 EEP (R)L056+REDBRW R 0.000 sclateri 

8403 M WILD WILD 31 Oct 1984 Trade ROTTERDAM 

401121 EEP (R)L143 L 0.000 sclateri 

9304 F 8403 8202 28 Jun 1993 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

403342 EEP (R)DB93-326 R 0.000 sclateri 

9401 F 8403 8202 7 Feb 1994 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

403555 EEP (R)DB94-290 R 0.000 sclateri 

9402 M 8403 8202 27 Jun 1994 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

403822 EEP 0.000 sclateri 

9411 M 8403 8202 1 Nov 1994 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

403965 EEP 0.000 sclateri 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

SCHMIDING, Austria (Census: 1.2.0) 

7803 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1978 Unknown SCHMIDING 


8108 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1981 Unknown SCHMIDING 


9107 M 8403 8202 23 Jul 1991 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

402497 EEP (R)L 297 l 0.000 sclateri 

15 Jul 1993 Loan SCHMIDING EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ST. OEDENRODE, The Netherlands (Census: 2.2.0) 


9001 M WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown ST. OEDENRODE 



402081 EEP (R)R 1470 0.000 sclateri 

24 Jul 1991 Loan ST. OEDENRODE EEP 

9011 F UNKN 8604 ? ? 1990 Hatching WEERT 


1 Jul 1991 Purchase ST. OEDENRODE 


9108 M 8403 8202 23 Jan 1992 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

402685 EEP (R)DB92-125 L 0.000 sclateri 

30 Jun 1993 Loan ST. OEDENRODE 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

WALSRODE/M, Spain (Census: 4.5.2) 

8406 M 


WILD WILD 

(R)B8191 

31 Dec 1984 Trade 


WALSRODE/V 







8505 F 8406 8405 31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 




8507 M 8410 UNKN 31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 




8804 F 8410 8505 3 Nov 1987 Hatching WALSRODE/M 

ORNISF3'88 EEP (R)B 7483 0.000 sclateri 

31 Dec 1988 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


9210 F 8408 8607 15 Sep 1992 Hatching WALSRODE/V 




9307 F 8406 8804 27 Jul 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 

EEP (R)ORN 150001 0.125 sclateri 



9310 M 8410 8505 27 Oct 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 



9406 ? 8410 8505 4 Jun 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


9407 ? 8410 8505 26 Sep 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/M 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

WALSRODE/V, Germany (Census: 3.4.0) 



8506 M 8406 8405 31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


31 Dec 1985 Hatching WALSRODE/V EEP 

8607 F 8403 8202 3 Aug 1989 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401773 EEP (R)B 8519 0.000 sclateri 

18 Oct 1991 Loan WALSRODE/V EEP 

9103 F 8410 8505 20 Oct 1991 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


20 Oct 1993 Donation WALSRODE/V EEP 







9409 M 8408 8607 13 Sep 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 



8604 F 8403 8202 15 May 1988 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401122 EEP (R)L015 R 0.000 sclateri 

2 May 1990 Unknown WEERT 






9415 ? 

(R)92-780-48 

9003 8604 

0.000 

18 Jun 1994 Hatching WEERT 


9416 ? UNKN 9205 16 Apr 1994 Hatching WEERT 


9417 ? 

(R)088 

UNKN 9205 

0.000 

6 Sep 1994 Hatching WEERT 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 



2.3.3 FOUNDER REPRESENTATION OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI AS OF DEC. 1994 

2.3.4 AGE DISTRIBUTION OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI AS OF DECEMBER 1994 

2.3.5 BIRTHS, DEATHS AND IMPORTS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 



2.3.6.1 DEATHS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

Stud# Death date Sex Sire# Dam# Site of birth Birth 

date Last site Identif. Fc Subsp. 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


8605 15 Oct 1988 Unk. sex 8403 8202 ROTTERDAM 18 

Sep 1988 ROTTERDAM 


8104 18 Nov 1988 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN ROME-PRIVATE ? ? 

1981 AGRATE 0.000 8405 ? ? 1988 

Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1984 WALSRODE/M 

(R)B 7465 0.000 sclateri 

8407 ? ? 1988 Male WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1984 WALSRODE/V (R)B8120/Y 0.000 sclateri 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8909 ? ? 1989 Male UNKN UNKN LOUROSA ? ? 

1989 O ROSAL 0.000 

8910 ? ? 1989 Female UNKN UNKN LOUROSA 1 

Mar 1988 O ROSAL 0.000 

8204 22 Mar 1989 Female 7902 6101 ZÜRICH 23 

Nov 1982 BASEL (R)6681+Y.R 0.000 sclateri 

7202 13 Jun 1989 Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1972 BERNE (R)TP839 R 0.000 sclateri 

8606 20 Jun 1989 Unk. sex 8403 8202 ROTTERDAM 19 

Jun 1989 ROTTERDAM 


7203 30 Nov 1989 Male 6602 6601 ROTTERDAM 5 

Jun 1972 WEERT (R)L036 L 0.000 sclateri 

8409 31 Dec 1989 Male WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1984 WALSRODE (R)7230/BL. 0.000 sclateri 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8503 13 Jan 1990 Male 7201 7202 BERNE 11 

Feb 1985 BASEL (R)60242 0.000 sclateri 

8110 1 Jul 1990 Female UNKN UNKN AGRATE ? 

Jun 1981 MULHOUSE (R)26 ZM 0.000 

9007 5 Sep 1990 Unk. sex 9003 8604 WEERT 4 

Sep 1990 WEERT 0.000 



Oct 1990 ROTTERDAM 


8103 ? ? 1990 Male 6802 8003 ROTTERDAM 31 

Aug 1981 WEERT 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9004 14 Jan 1991 Male WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1989 WEERT (R)10 RE 0.000 

9105 21 Apr 1991 Unk. sex 8403 8202 ROTTERDAM 21 

Apr 1991 ROTTERDAM 


9109 ? ? 1991 Unk. sex 9010 UNKN PISA 7 

Jun 1991 PISA 0.000 


Jun 1991 ROTTERDAM 


9009 ? ? 1991 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 

1990 PISA 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8712 30 Jan 1992 Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1988 LISBOA 0.000 9102 25 Jun 1992 

Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1990 GETTORF 

0.000 9202 23 Sep 1992 Unk. sex 8403 

8202 ROTTERDAM 22 Sep 1992 ROTTERDAM 0.000 

sclateri 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8509 ? ? 1993 Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1985 LOUROSA 0.000 8510 ? ? 1993 

Male WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1985 LOUROSA 

0.000 9303 9 Mar 1993 Unk. sex 8512 

8513 O ROSAL 2 Mar 1993 O ROSAL 0.000 

9201 3 Apr 1993 Female 8403 8202 ROTTERDAM 

2 Jun 1992 ROTTERDAM (R)DB92-124 0.000 sclateri 

9120 8 Oct 1993 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 

1991 BOJNICE 0.000 9305 19 Dec 1993 

Unk. sex 8403 8202 ROTTERDAM 17 Nov 1993 ROTTERDAM 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 



9308 1 Aug 1994 Unk. sex 8408 8607 WALSRODE/V 15 

Aug 1993 WALSRODE/V (R)B 8329 0.000 sclateri 

8201 11 Dec 1994 Male 7201 7202 BERNE 26 

Mar 1982 SCHMIDING (R)6545+R R 0.000 sclateri 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

Total Deaths: 9.9.14 


2.3.6.2 REPORTED DEATH CAUSES OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI THROUGH 1994 

──────────────────────────────────────── 


──────────────────────────────────────── 

6101 ? ? 1984 Zurich trauma (impact with window) 

6602 19 Jan 1975 Rotterdam toxoplasmosis 

6701 18 Jan 1981 Rotterdam enteritis 

6802 15 Dec 1982 Rotterdam toxoplasmosis 

7202 13 Jun 1989 Berne trauma (injury by male?) kidney problem 

7203 30 Nov 1989 Weert pneumonia 

7401 22 Jan 1975 Zurich enteritis, hepatitis 

7402 22 Jan 1975 Zurich circulary problems 

7403 2 Jan 1986 Zurich splenitis, tapeworms 

7902 24 Nov 1985 Zurich T 75 85 Ho/k nephritis, gout 

8003 15 Dec 1981 Rotterdam toxoplasmosis 

8004 30 Oct 1981 Rotterdam yersiniosis 

8201 11 Dec 1994 Schmiding trauma 

8204 22 Mar 1989 Basel coliseptecemia, coccidiosis 

8301 21 Jun 1983 Zurich T 29 83 Ho/k trauma, injuries to head 

8303 24 Jan 1984 Berne trauma, broken wings 

8402 16 Mar 1984 Zurich V 296 84 Ho/k septicemia, gout 

8501 30 May 1985 Zurich T 37 85 Ho/k trichomoniasis 

8502 06 Nov 1985 Zurich T 70 85 Ho/k septicemia 

9007 05 Sep 1990 Weert trauma 

9009 ? ? 1991 Pisa hypothermia, age related 9102 25 

Jun 1992 Gettorf tumour on oviduct 

9120 8 Oct 1993 Bojnice myocardial infarct 

9201 03 Apr 1993 Rotterdam trauma (injury by exhibit mate) 

9305 19 Dec 1993 Rotterdam hypothermia 

9403 ? ? 1994 Jerez dl Front. trauma, killed by Viellot pheasant 


2.3.6.3 SEASON OF DEATHS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 

1959 - 1987 (N = 38) 

1988 - 1994 (N = 24) 

1959 - 1994 (N = 62) 



2.3.7.1 BIRTHS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Identif. Fc Subspec. Death date Last site 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


8910 Female 1 Mar 1988 LOUROSA UNKN UNKN 

0.000 ? ? 1989 ROSAL 

8605 Unk. sex 18 Sep 1988 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri 15 Oct 1988 ROTTERDAM 

.................................................................. 

.............................................Births during: 1989 

(Subtotal: 1.1.2) 


0.000 LOUROSA 

8909 Male ? ? 1989 LOUROSA UNKN UNKN 

0.000 ? ? 1989 ROSAL 

8606 Unk. sex 19 Jun 1989 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri 20 Jun 1989 ROTTERDAM 

8607 Female 3 Aug 1989 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 (R)B 

8519 0.000 sclateri WALSRODE/V 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



0.000 LOUROSA 

9018 Female ? ? 1990 LOUROSA 8510 8511 

0.000 JEREZ 

9017 Male 26 May 1990 O ROSAL 8512 8513 

0.000 JEREZ 

9011 Female ? ? 1990 WEERT UNKN 8604 

0.000 S.OEDENRODE 

9005 Female 17 Jun 1990 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 (R)R 

1470 0.000 sclateri S.OEDENRODE 

9007 Unk. sex 4 Sep 1990 WEERT 9003 8604 

0.000 5 Sep 1990 WEERT 

9006 Unk. sex 24 Oct 1990 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri 27 Oct 1990 ROTTERDAM 

.................................................................. 


............................................. 


9105 Unk. sex 21 Apr 1991 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri 21 Apr 1991 ROTTERDAM 

9113 Unk. sex 26 May 1991 O ROSAL 8512 8513 

0.000 LOUROSA 

9109 Unk. sex 7 Jun 1991 PISA 9010 UNKN 

0.000 ? ? 1991 PISA 

9106 Unk. sex 12 Jun 1991 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri 12 Jun 1991 ROTTERDAM 

9107 Male 23 Jul 1991 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 (R)L 

297 l 0.000 sclateri SCHMIDING 

9012 Male 1 Aug 1991 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 (R)C 

7349 0.000 sclateri COPENHAGEN 

9104 Female 22 Sep 1991 WEERT 9003 8604 

(R)780.041 0.000 

GOCH 

9103 Female 20 Oct 1991 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 (R)B 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9108 Male 23 Jan 1992 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 


S.OEDENRODE 

9205 Female ? Jun 1992 WEERT 9003 8604 

(R)92-78048 0.000 

WEERT 

9201 Female 2 Jun 1992 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

(R)DB92-124 0.000 sclateri 3 Apr 1993 ROTTERDAM 

9211 Female 1 Sep 1992 WALSRODE/M 8406 8804 (R)B 

7569 0.125 sclateri COPENHAGEN 

9210 Female 15 Sep 1992 WALSRODE/V 8408 8607 (R)B 

8966 0.000 sclateri WALSRODE/M 

9212 Female 18 Sep 1992 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 (R)B 



0.000 sclateri 23 Sep 1992 ROTTERDAM 

9203 Female 5 Nov 1992 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 


GETTORF 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9313 Unk. sex ? Jan 1993 JEREZ 9017 9018 (R)1625 

93 0.000 JEREZ 


9303 Unk. sex 2 Mar 1993 O ROSAL 8512 8513 

0.000 9 Mar 1993 O ROSAL 

9304 Female 28 Jun 1993 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 


ROTTERDAM 

9307 Female 27 Jul 1993 WALSRODE/M 8406 8804 


WALSRODE/M 

9308 Unk. sex 15 Aug 1993 WALSRODE/V 8408 8607 (R)B 

8329 0.000 sclateri 1 Aug 1994 WALSRODE/V 

9309 Female 17 Aug 1993 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 


WALSRODE/M 

9311 Unk. sex 1 Sep 1993 O ROSAL 8512 8513 

(R)AO3066S 0.000 

LOUROSA 

9310 Male 27 Oct 1993 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 


WALSRODE/M 

9305 Unk. sex 17 Nov 1993 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri 19 Dec 1993 ROTTERDAM 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


2.3.7.1 BIRTHS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Identific. Fc Subspec. Death date Last site 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


9403 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 JEREZ UNKN UNKN 

0.000 JEREZ 

9401 Female 7 Feb 1994 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 (R)DB94- 

290 0.000 sclateri ROTTERDAM 

9408 Female 11 Mar 1994 WALSRODE/V 8408 8607 

0.000 sclateri WALSRODE/V 

9416 Unk. sex 16 Apr 1994 WEERT UNKN 9205 (R)088 

0.000 WEERT 

9406 Unk. sex 4 Jun 1994 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 


WALSRODE/M 

9404 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 JEREZ UNKN UNKN (R)S1347 

94 0.000 JEREZ 

9415 Unk. sex 18 Jun 1994 WEERT 9003 8604 (R)092 

0.000 WEERT 

9402 Male 27 Jun 1994 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri ROTTERDAM 

9417 Unk. sex 6 Sep 1994 WEERT UNKN 9205 (R)091 

0.000 WEERT 

9405 Unk. sex ? ? 1994 O ROSAL UNKN UNKN (R)1331 

0.000 O ROSAL 

9409 Male 13 Sep 1994 WALSRODE/V 8408 8607 (R)7525 

0.000 sclateri WALSRODE/V 

9407 Unk. sex 26 Sep 1994 WALSRODE/M 8410 8505 

0.000 sclateri WALSRODE/M 

9410 Unk. sex 23 Oct 1994 LOUROSA 8508 8511 

0.000 LOUROSA 

9411 Male 1 Nov 1994 ROTTERDAM 8403 8202 

0.000 sclateri ROTTERDAM 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



2.3.7.2 SEASON OF BIRTHS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 

1959 - 1987 (N = 38) 

1988 - 1994 (N = 45) 

1959 - 1994 (N = 83) 



2.3.8 TRANSFERS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1988 



30 09 88 7202 Zurich Berne 

04 12 88 8712 Wild Lisboa 

1989 

01 01 89 8902 Wild Lourosa 


26 05 89 7203 Rotterdam Weert 


01 07 89 7802 Agrate Conturbia Mulhouse 

01 07 89 8201 Agrate Conturbia Mulhouse 

30 09 89 8201 Zurich Berne 

1990 

26 03 90 8201 Berne Schmiding 




14 06 90 9001 Wild St. Oedenrode 

14 06 90 9003 Wild Weert 

14 06 90 9004 Wild Weert 

29 11 90 9008 Unknown Berlin/zoo 

1991 

01 01 91 9017 O Rosal Jerez dl Front 







01 07 91 9011 Weert St. Oedenrode 

24 07 91 9005 Rotterdam St. Oedenrode 

18 10 91 8607 Rotterdam Walsrode/v 

1992 

No Transfers 


2.3.8 TRANSFERS OF GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1993 

15 07 93 9107 Rotterdam Schmiding 

29 07 93 9203 Rotterdam Gettorf 

10 08 93 9211 Walsrode/m Walsrode/v 



15 10 93 9104 Weert Goch 


1994 

01 01 94 9113 O Rosal Jerez dl Front 

01 01 94 9113 Jerez dl Front Lourosa 

01 01 94 9311 O Rosal Lourosa 



03 02 94 9012 Walsrode/v Copenhagen 

03 02 94 9211 Walsrode/v Copenhagen 

======================================================================= 



GOURA SCHEEPMAKERI 1988 - 1994 


Current population: 23.26.16 (T=65) 31 December 1994 

Founders: 16 

Live founders: 9; % current population -13.8% 

Potential founders: 12 (5 wild caught and 7 of unknown origin) 



There were 4 transfers made in 1988, 7 in 1989, 8 in 1990, 10 in 1991, 0 in 1992, 7 in 1993 and 7 in 

1994. There were 15 Scheepmaker's crowned pigeons imported into the EEP population between 

1988-1994. No individuals were exported from the EEP population. 

Age Distribution (See 2.3.4) 

The age of 31 (44.9%) individuals in the current population as of 31 December 1994 was unknown 

or estimated. As would be expected, birds of known age are generally younger birds bred in 

captivity. Of the 38 birds of known age 36 were 8 years of age or younger as of 31 December 1994. 

Actual age of birds with unknown or estimated ages could be much higher in many cases than the 

age group in which they are delegated, as methods of capturing crowned pigeons (e.g. netting them 

at communal drinking locations) would favour capture of adult/self feeding individuals of any 

possible age. 

The number of individuals of unknown sex is distributed equally between males and females in 

Figure 2.3.4. 

Sex Ratio 

The sex ratio of males to females was almost equal on 31 December 1994 at 1.0:1.1. Sex of sixteen 

(24.6%) of the birds has not been reported. All individuals should be sexed as rapidly as possible, 

and techniques for sexing birds are discussed in the research and management section of this 

studbook. 


The two "pseudo founders" constituted 29.3% of the founder representation as of 31 December 

1994, meaning that 29.3% of the genes in the captive bred group were of unknown origin. Founder 

representation of each of the 16 known individuals was quite unequal (see graph). Unfortunately 

some of the less-represented founders are dead, while many of the relatively over-represented 

founders are still alive. 

The danger of even greater over- representation of the three most represented founders from 

Rotterdam (8403) and Walsrode (8410 and 8406) is high, as all of these birds are still reproducing. 

Two birds in the current population as of 31 December 1994 had a inbreeding coefficient 

of 0.125. 

Special attention should be given to breeding of the twelve potential founders, and to breeding of 

the under-represented founders and/or their offspring as possible. Reproduction of the three above 

mentioned relatively over-represented founders should be checked. 



The number of deaths was the same as the number of births in 1988 and was higher than the number 

of births in 1989, but since that time has been exceeded by the number of births. 

Season of Death (See 2.3.6.3) 

Deaths in the studbook population between 1959-1994 for which the date is known have been 

lowest in the months of February, August and September. The number of deaths per month between 

1988-1994 was fairly evenly distributed, still a low (0 deaths) in February and a high (4 deaths) in 

June occurred. 


Age 0-30d 30d-1y 1 + -5y 5 + -10y 10 + -15y 15 + -20y 20 + y Tot 

Est. 0 2 8 5 0 1 0 16 

Kn. 8 3 1 2 1 1 0 16 

Total 8 5 9 7 1 2 0 32 

Est.= Estimated age, or minimum age, based on date of arrival. 

Kn.= Age Known 

Estimated ages are based on date of arrival, thus age at death for estimated ages could be higher. 

This is probably the case, as the mortality between 1 + -10 years for the estimated age category is 

quite high (81.3% of total) in comparison to the known age groups (18.8% of total). One fourth of 

the mortality has occurred in the first 30 days. 

Cause of Death: 

Information on causes of death are insufficient, cause of death was only provided for only 11 

(34.4%) of the 32 deaths occurring in the 1988-1994 period. The most common cause of death has 

been trauma; trauma was the cause listed in 8 (30.8%) of the 26 deaths listed in the studbook for 

which a cause was provided. As trauma is usually the most easily diagnosed cause of death, it may 

be relatively over-represented. 

Summary of Annual Report/Studbook Reproductive Data 1988-1994: 

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 




Nr young born 2 2 4 6 6 10 11 









The number of breeding pairs and the number of young hatched increased greatly during the 1988- 

1994 period, along with the number of institutions involved in the EEP. Survivorship of young 

generally also increased, as did the number of young reared per successful pair. 

Season of birth (See 2.3.7.2) 

Births have occurred in every month, but peaks in births for which the date is known occurred in 

June and September during the 1988-1994 period. A higher than average birth rate (38.1%) took 

place during the "summer" 3 month June-August period. Almost 60% of the births occurred during 

the 4 month period of June-September period, and 76% during the six month period May-October. 

RESULTS OF 1989-1994 GOURA SHEEPMAKERI MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRES 


Responding zoos (for one or more years) included: 

Bojnice, Copenhagen, Gettorf, Jerez, Lourosa, Mulhouse, O Rosal, Pisa, Rotterdam, Walsrode, 

Weert. 

89 90 91 92 93 94 Tot 


Not all zoos answered all questions 


Nr pairs surveyed 4 4 4 5 8 12 37 

Total 91-94 29 

Nr pairs observed courting 2 3 3 4 5 7 24 

Total 91-94 19 

Nr pairs observed copulating - - 3 4 2 6 15 


Total 91-94 24 

Nr pairs hatching young 1 3 3 3 5 8 23 

Nr pairs rearing young 1 1 2 3 4 6 17 


Egg and young information 

89 90 91 92 93 94 Tot 






Nr eggs fertility unknown 0 0 2 0 1 4 7 


Nr eggs broken 1 1 4 2 0 3 11 


Nr eggs parent inc. 4 7 11 12 7 24 65 

Nr eggs parent hatched 2 3 6 5 6 12 34 

% parent hatched/inc. 50 43 55 42 86 50 52 

Nr chicks parent reared 1 1 3 4 3 11 23 

% Parent reared/hatched 50 33 50 80 50 92 68 

Nr eggs other inc. 0 2 0 0 3 3 8 

Nr eggs other hatch 0 2 0 0 3 2 7 

% other hatched/inc. 0 100 0 0 100 67 88 

Nr other reared 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 

% other reared/inc. 0 0 0 0 100 50 57 



eggs laid only 56.2% hatched and 37.0% of all eggs resulted in chicks reared. Successful incubation 

and rearing was achieved both by the parents and artificial techniques. On the average 80% of the 

eggs were fertile, and 15% of all eggs were broken. 



GOURA VICTORIA 

2.4.1 - 2.4.9 



2.4.1 HISTORICAL GOURA VICTORIA STUDBOOK POPULATION THROUGH 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


ARKS Program Death date Identific. Fc 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

3401 M WILD WILD 17 Jul 1934 Trade AMSTERDAM 


3402 F WILD WILD 17 Jul 1934 Trade AMSTERDAM 


4801 ? WILD WILD 28 Aug 1948 Trade AMSTERDAM 


4802 ? WILD WILD 28 Aug 1948 Trade AMSTERDAM 


5301 ? UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1953 Trade ROTTERDAM 


? Jan 1953 Trade ANTWERP 

1750A EEP 

5302 ? WILD WILD 8 May 1953 Trade AMSTERDAM 


5304 F WILD WILD 8 May 1953 Trade AMSTERDAM 


5305 M WILD WILD 8 May 1953 Trade AMSTERDAM 


5306 F WILD WILD 8 May 1953 Trade AMSTERDAM 


6301 ? WILD WILD 10 Mar 1963 Trade AMSTERDAM 






6304 F WILD WILD 31 Mar 1963 Trade AMSTERDAM 


6305 F WILD WILD 31 Mar 1963 Trade AMSTERDAM 


6601 M UNKN UNKN 4 Aug 1966 Trade KRAKON 


6602 F UNKN UNKN 4 Aug 1966 Trade KRAKON 



6901 M WILD WILD 10 Apr 1969 Trade AMSTERDAM 


25 Mar 1977 Trade EINDHOVEN 

31 Dec 1985 

Trade WEERT EEP 

6902 F WILD WILD 10 Apr 1969 Trade AMSTERDAM 


6903 ? WILD WILD 10 Apr 1969 Trade AMSTERDAM 


18 Dec 1973 Trade MUNSTER EEP 

6904 ? WILD WILD 10 Apr 1969 Trade AMSTERDAM 


18 Dec 1973 Trade MUNSTER 


7001 ? 6901 9602 7 Sep 1970 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


7002 F WILD WILD 23 Oct 1970 Trade ROTTERDAM 

401130 EEP 21 Feb 1988 (R)L034 L 0.000 

7003 M WILD WILD 23 Oct 1970 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP ? ? 1983 (R)L035 R 0.000 

7101 M 6901 6902 ? Jun 1971 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

B71003 EEP 4 Sep 1993 0.000 

7201 ? WILD WILD 17 Feb 1972 Trade ROTTERDAM 



401131 EEP (R)L220 L 0.000 

7203 ? UNKN UNKN 18 Feb 1972 Trade WASSENAAR 

7 Mar 1981 0.000 

7204 ? WILD WILD 17 Mar 1972 Trade ROTTERDAM 

EEP 18 Feb 1982? 0.000 

10 Oct 1978 Trade EMMEN 

7205 ? 6901 6902 21 Aug 1972 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


7206 ? 6901 6902 3 Oct 1972 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


7301 M 6901 6902 21 Oct 1973 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

EEP ? Jan 1980 0.000 

7401 F 7003 7002 3 Jan 1974 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


2 Oct 1975 Trade ANTWERP 


7402 ? 6901 6902 11 May 1974 Hatching AMSTERDAM 




7404 F WILD WILD 11 Oct 1974 Trade STUTTGART 


V0226 EEP 20 Oct 1994 (R)W 0534 0.000 

6 Jul 1994 Trade HANNOVER K20 EEP 


V0227 EEP 


0.000 

31 Dec 1974 Trade BERLIN 

EEP (R)C-00 374 0.000 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

7407 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1974 Trade ARNHEM 


27 Jul 1983 Loan MIERLO EEP 

3 Mar 1985 

Loan Rt. ARNHEM 










7503 M UNKN UNKN 24 Jun 1975 Trade ANTWERP 

8006B EEP 14 Jan 1976 0.000 

7504 M UNKN UNKN 24 Jun 1975 Trade ANTWERP 

8006A EEP 13 Jan 1976 0.000 

7505 ? 7003 7002 23 Nov 1975 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


27 Sep 1976 Donation DUBLIN EEP 


EEP 26 Jul 1993 (R)B 8194 0.000 

13 Nov 1986 Trade WALSRODE/M EEP 

7601 M UNKN UNKN 23 Feb 1976 Trade WASSENAAR 

10 Dec 1987 (R)13768 0.000 

? Jan 1987 Trade PALMYRE 


7602 F UNKN UNKN 23 Feb 1976 Trade WASSENAAR 

9 Jan 1993 (R)12536 0.000 

12 Jun 1987 Trade PALMYRE 370 EEP 

7603 ? UNKN UNKN 23 Feb 1976 Trade WASSENAAR 


? ? 1986 (R)12542 0.000 

7604 ? UNKN UNKN 

29 Apr 1981 


(R)12519 0.000 

WASSENAAR 

9 Dec 1980 Trade ARNHEM 


7605 ? 


7101 6902 

20 Mar 1976 

7 Mar 1976 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

0.250 

7606 ? 7003 7002 19 Mar 1976 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


7607 ? 7003 7002 18 Apr 1976 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


18 Sep 1976 Trade DUBLIN EEP 

7608 ? WILD WILD 1 Jul 1976 Trade VILLARS-DOMBES 


7609 F 7101 6902 8 Aug 1976 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

B76010 EEP (R)ARTIS K 80 0.250 

7610 M 7003 7002 25 Oct 1976 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP (R)K 297 R 0.000 

4 Dec 1990 Donation STUTTGART V0757 EEP 

7611 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1976 Purchase UPIE 


7612 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1980 Hatching WASSENAAR 


9 Dec 1980 Purchase ARNHEM 50258 EEP 

7701 M WILD WILD ? Jan 1977 Trade EINDHOVEN 

0.000 

2 May 1977 Trade EMMEN 

4 Jun 1984 Purchase ARNHEM 52065 EEP 


16 Jul 1990 (R)BLUE 0.000 


4 Jun 1984 Trade ARNHEM 52066 EEP 

7703 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1977 Trade EINDHOVEN 

5 Sep 1991 (R)GREEN 0.000 


4 Jun 1984 

Trade ARNHEM 52068 EEP 

7704 F WILD WILD 18 Jan 1977 Trade PALMYRE 368 


7705 F 7003 7002 19 Mar 1977 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP (R)L090 L/RED R 0.000 

29 Jul 1982 Loan COPENHAGEN 


9 Jan 1992 Loan EIJSDEN, PRIV. EEP 

7706 ? 7101 6902 6 Jun 1977 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


EEP ? ? 1990 (R)S 310 0.250 

4 Jan 1978 Trade MUNICH 


7707 ? 7003 7002 31 Oct 1977 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


7708 M 7003 7002 21 Dec 1977 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401127 EEP (R)LO87 R 0.000 

12 Jan 1993 Loan HANNOVER K 


7709 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1977 Hatching WASSENAAR 

(R)12084 0.000 

10 Feb 1986 Trade ROTTERDAM 


7710 F UNKN UNKN 25 Mar 1976 Unknown MONTPELLIER 


18 Sep 1991 Trade UPIE 


31 Oct 1992 Loan VILLARS-DOMBES EEP 

2.4.1 HISTORICAL GOURA VICTORIA STUDBOOK 

POPULATION THROUGH 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



? ? 1992 Hatching VILLARS-DOMBES 


30 Oct 1992 Loan UPIE EEP 

7712 ? WILD WILD 31 Dec 1977 Trade MUNICH 



EEP 9 Jan 1985 (R)ROOD 0.000 


4 Jun 1981 Trade ARNHEM 52067 EEP 

7802 ? 7101 6902 17 Apr 1978 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

EEP ? Jan 1981 0.250 


7803 ? UNKN UNKN 18 Apr 1978 Hatching WASSENAAR 

? ? 1989 0.000 

24 Mar 1983 Trade BOURTON/WATER 




13 May 1980 Trade HONGKONG 

7805 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1978 Hatching WASSENAAR 



(R)13064 L 0.000 



EEP ? ? 1981 (R)L062+RED L 0.000 


30 Mar 1981 Loan UNKNOWN 

7902 ? UNKN UNKN 2 Feb 1979 Hatching WASSENAAR 

? ? 1989 (R)12800 0.000 


24 Mar 1983 Trade BOURTON/WATER 

7903 F 7610 UNKN 28 Mar 1979 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP (R)L050L/YELL.R 0.000 


23 Apr 1981 Trade WEERT 


401126 EEP 18 Feb 1992 (R)L089 R 0.000 

7905 ? 7101 6902 12 Aug 1979 Hatcing AMSTERDAM 



7906 M UNKN UNKN 23 Aug 1979 Hatching WASSENAAR 

? ? 1986 (R)13127 (?) 0.000 

7907 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1979 Trade MUNSTERLAND 


31 Mar 1980 Trade STEINEN 

7908 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1979 Trade MUNSTERLAND 


31 Mar 1980 Trade STEINEN 

7909 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1974 Trade BERLIN/ZOO 


7910 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1979 Trade WASSENAAR 

14 Jan 1989 (R)13800 0.000 

? Jan 1987 Trade PALMYRE EEP 

8001 F UNKN UNKN 14 Feb 1980 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


30 Mar 1981 Loan ARNHEM 


8002 M 7003 7002 1 Apr 1980 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


15 May 1980 Trade HONGKONG 

8003 F 7003 7002 22 May 1980 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


17 Oct 1980 Trade AMERSFOORT 

8004 ? UNKN UNKN 31 May 1980 Hatching WASSENAAR 



8005 ? UNKN UNKN 15 Jul 1980 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


8006 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1980 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


8101 M UNKN UNKN 21 Feb 1981 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


15 Jul 1982 Trade NEW YORK BRONX 

11 Sep 1982 Loan ST. CATHERINE 

822482 

8102 F UNKN UNKN 24 Mar 1981 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


15 Jul 1982 Trade NEW YORK BRONX 

11 Sep 1982 Loan ST. CATHERINE 

822483 

8103 M WILD WILD 23 Apr 1981 Unknown ROTTERDAM 


8 Nov 1993 Loan AMSTERDAM B93203 EEP 

8104 ? UNKN UNKN 23 Apr 1981 Trade HANNOVER 


8105 M 7003 7002 9 Jun 1981 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP 6 Jan 1991 (R)L071R/RED L 0.000 

29 Jul 1982 Trade COPENHAGEN EEP 

8106 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1983 Unknown WALSRODE/V 

EEP (R)7505/ORANGE 0.000 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Program Death date Identific. Fc 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

8107 F 7101 UNKN 14 Apr 1985 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

B81004 EEP (R)19-012 0.000 

8108 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1981 Trade WEERT 




8110 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1981 Trade WEERT 


8201 F UNKN UNKN 17 Oct 1982 Hatching WASSENAAR 


8202 ? 7805 7709 14 Dec 1982 Hatching WASSENAAR 







8204 F UNKN UNKN 26 Jan 1984 Unknown HAYLE S108 

EEP (R)ORANGE LEFT 0.000 

8205 M UNKN UNKN 4 Mar 1982 Unknown HAYLE S065 


8210 ? 

4 Feb 1985 

UNKN UNKN 

0.000 

? ? 1982 Hatching PALMITOS PARK 


8211 ? UNKN UNKN 24 Sep 1982 Hatching PALMITOS PARK 


8301 M WILD WILD 27 Oct 1983 Loan VILLARS-DOMBES 

EEP (R)PARIS 84-93 0.000 

23 Oct 1991 Unknown UPIE 


8302 F WILD WILD 7 Jul 1983 Trade ARNHEM 


27 Jul 1983 Loan MIERLO/PRIV 

3 Sep 1985 Loan Rt. ARNHEM 51722 EEP 

16 Feb 1993 

Donation RAMAT-GAN 


8303 M 7101 7609 1 Apr 1983 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

B83012 EEP (R)K 78 0.375 

8304 F 7101 7609 6 Sep 1983 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


9 Apr 1985 Trade WROCLAW 

8101 M 7101 7609 16 Jun 1984 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


9 Apr 1985 Trade WROCLAW 

8402 F 8108 7903 ? ? 1984 Hatching WEERT 


8404 F 8205 8204 1 Aug 1984 Hatching HAYLE S115 

EEP 10 Jan 1990 (R)RED LEFT 0.000 

















8501 F 7101 7609 25 May 1985 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


29 Apr 1986 Trade WALSRODE/V EEP 


Trade WALSRODE/M EEP 

13 Nov 1986 

8502 M 8108 7903 ? ? 1985 Hatching WEERT 



12 Apr 1993 

? ? 1985 Hatching PORAT 

0.000 

26 Dec 1991 Purchase RAMAT-GAN 


1 Apr 1993 Loan DUBLIN 93B024 EEP 

8601 F 7101 7609 5 Apr 1986 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


23 Sep 1986 Trade ARNHEM 53192 EEP 

8602 ? 7701 7407 27 Aug 1986 Hatching ARNHEM 

53165 EEP 3 Sep 1986 0.000 

8603 M 7101 7609 11 Nov 1986 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

EEP 21 Feb 1991 (R)L 259 0.375 

30 Jun 1987 Loan ROTTERDAM 


8604 M UNKN UNKN 19 May 1989 Unknown ARCEN 

401132 EEP 27 Dec 1990 (R)MO83 R 0.000 

8605 F 6901 8402 31 Dec 1986 Hatching WEERT 


8606 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching PORAT 

0.000 

26 Dec 1991 Purchase RAMAT-GAN 910096 EEP 

2.4.1 HISTORICAL GOURA VICTORIA STUDBOOK 

POPULATION THROUGH 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

8701 M 7805 7709 26 Jan 1987 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP ? ? 1989 (R)L215 L 0.000 

22 Apr 1988 Unknown ALPHEN 


8702 ? UNKN UNKN 24 Jul 1984 Unknown PALMYRE 369 

EEP (R)BALE 65700 0.000 

8703 ? UNKN UNKN 12 Jun 1986 Unknown PALMYRE 371 


8704 ? WILD WILD 20 May 1988 Unknown BUDAPEST 


8705 F 8303 8107 3 Oct 1987 Hatching AMSTERDAM 


13 Apr 1988 Donation ALPHEN 2388 


8706 ? 7101 7609 8 Apr 1988 Hatching AMSTERDAM 



8707 ? 


7101 7609 

? ? 1991 

2 Aug 1988 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

0.375 

28 Oct 1988 Donation ROTTERDAM 


29 Oct 1989 Unknown ARCEN EEP 


B89199 EEP 0.375 


30 Dec 1989 Purchase ALPHEN 199 








13 Jul 1988 Trade WALSRODE/M 




3 Aug 1990 Trade WALSRODE/M 

8712 M 7701 7407 30 Sep 1987 Hatching ARNHEM 


8713 ? 8712 8601 10 Oct 1989 Hatching ARNHEM 

54948 EEP 14 Oct 1989 (U)54948 0.000 

8714 ? 8712 8601 16 Aug 1989 Hatching ARNHEM 

54874 EEP 27 Aug 1989 (U)54874 0.000 

8715 ? 7701 7407 24 Sep 1989 Hatching ARNHEM 




8717 ? UNKN UNKN 30 Jul 1988 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401134 EEP 7 Aug 1988 0.000 

8718 ? 7805 7709 12 Jul 1989 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401728 EEP 13 Jul 1989 0.000 

8719 ? 8103 7202 24 Sep 1989 Hatching ROTTERDAM 






1 Feb 1988 Loan RECANATI 


8723 M 6901 8110 19 Jul 1989 Hatching WEERT 

EEP ? ? 1993 (R)M 731 0.000 

? Jan 1990 Purchase ST. OEDENRODE 





7 Jul 1990 Unknown EIJSDEN 


8725 F 8109 7903 7 Aug 1989 Hatching WEERT 


7 Jun 1990 Unknown EIJSDEN 



EEP (R)M 734 0.281 

? Jan 1990 Unknown ST. OEDENRODE 


8728 F UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1987 Hatching WEERT 

EEP 4 Dec 1993 (R)87.860 0.000 




EEP (R)87.851 YELLOW 0.000 

8801 F WILD WILD 6 Oct 1988 Unknown PARIS 

M88257 EEP (R)VERT G 0.000 

9 May 1989 Donation CLERES 

C89007 EEP 

8802 M WILD WILD 6 Oct 1988 Unknown PARIS 

M88258 EEP (R)ROUGE G 0.000 





1 Aug 1988 Loan RECANATI 



EEP 2 Apr 1994 (R)T0159-ROJO 0.000 

8806 F WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Loan LISBOA 2779 


8807 M WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Loan LISBOA 2780 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


EEP 13 Apr 1994 (R)B 306 0.000 

8809 F WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Loan BARCELONA 2745 

EEP (R)T0171-VERDE 0.000 


EEP (R)TO160-NEGRO 0.000 

8811 ? WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Loan BARCELONA 2748 


EEP (R)TO173-AZUL 0.000 

8812 F WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Loan BARCELONA 


8813 ? 8805 8812 9 Dec 1989 Hatching BARCELONA 2753 

EEP (R)TO158-AMARILLO 0.000 



8904 M 8604 8728 3 Oct 1989 Hatching ARCEN 

EEP 11 Feb 1993 (R)RED 0.000 

8905 ? 6901 8110 15 Apr 1989 Hatching WEERT 


8906 ? 6901 8110 29 May 1989 Hatching WEERT 




8910 M UNKN UNKN 4 Sep 1994 Unknown TIMMASPE 






? Jan 1993 Unknown O ROSAL,PRIVATE 


















9001 M 7101 7609 25 Sep 1990 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

B90190 EEP 17 Nov 1992 (R)KSO3(BLUE L) 0.375 

6 May 1992 Loan ARCEN 




1 Mar 1992 Loan ARCEN 



11 Mar 1993 Donation ARNHEM 55869 EEP 

9003 F WILD WILD 14 Jun 1990 Unknown ST. OEDENRODE 




9005 F WILD WILD 7 Nov 1990 Donation AUGSBURG 






9010 F WILD WILD 25 Oct 1990 Donation HANNOVER K8 

EEP (U)REV 12 0.000 

21 Apr 1993 Loan DUBLIN 

93B025 EEP 

9011 F WILD WILD 25 Oct 1990 Donation HANNOVER 

EEP 23 Jan 1994 (U)REV 12 0.000 

9012 M WILD WILD ? ? 1990 Hatching HANNOVER K10 



EEP (R)001-780 0.281 

9014 ? 8103 7202 1 Jul 1990 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9015 ? UNKN UNKN 7 Jun 1990 Unknown PISA 


9016 F UNKN UNKN 7 Jun 1990 Unknown PISA 




9018 M 6901 8110 11 Jun 1990 Hatching WEERT 






9020 F 8108 8605 11 Jun 1990 Hatching WEERT 


1 Jul 1991 Purchase EIJSDEN EEP 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 


───────────────────────────────────────────── 







9024 F WILD WILD ? ? 1990 Hatching AL AZIZIA 

EEP (R)az 1 0.000 

9025 M 8604 8728 7 Jun 1990 Hatching ARCEN 


9026 F WILD WILD ? Jan 1990 Purchase AL AZIZIA 

EEP (R)AZ 3 0.000 

9027 ? 7805 7709 10 Feb 1990 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9028 M UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1992 Unknown PISA 


9029 M 7805 7709 21 Mar 1990 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401941 EEP (R)94S 0.000 



17 May 1991 Donation HAYLE 

S 504 EEP 









9100 ? 7805 7709 5 Jan 1991 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9101 ? 7805 7709 20 Mar 1991 Hatching ROTTERDAM 


9103 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1991 Hatching WEERT 


1 Jul 1991 Purchase EIJSDEN 



EEP (R)B8514 0.000 






28 Dec 1993 Unknown GOCH 




9107 ? 6901 8110 1 Jul 1991 Hatching WEERT 







402314 EEP 8 Jun 1991 (R)DB 91-101 0.000 

9112 ? 7101 7609 17 Aug 1991 Hatching AMSTERDAM 

B91154 EEP 3 Sep 1991 0.375 

9113 M 7701 7407 ? Jan 1991 Hatching ARNHEM 

55398 EEP (R)BLUE L/YEL R 0.000 

12 Jun 1992 Loan ARCEN 


9114 M 7701 7407 28 Nov 1991 Hatching ARNHEM 

55675 EEP (R)3638 L/WHI R 0.000 

9116 F UNKN UNKN 27 Oct 1983 Hatching PARIS 


23 Oct 1991 Trade UPIE 


28 Oct 1992 Trade VILLARS-D 


9117 F UNKN UNKN 27 Mar 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 


9118 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1991 Hatching ARCEN 


29 Jun 1992 Loan ARNHEM 


9119 M UNKN UNKN 27 Mar 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 










9201 ? 8303 8107 18 Jul 1992 Hatching AMSTERDAM 



9202 M 7701 7407 25 Apr 1992 Hatching ARNHEM 


11 May 1993 Loan AUGSBURG 


9204 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1992 Purchase SCHMIDING 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

9205 F 


UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1992 Purchase SCHMIDING 

0.000 

10 Sep 1993 Unknown KUFSTEIN 

9206 M 


8502 8402 ? Jun 1992 Hatching WEERT 

(R)92-780-41 0.281 

2 Jan 1993 Unknown EIJSDEN 








28 Dec 1993 Unknown GOCH 


9209 M 8726 9004 ? ? 1992 Hatching ST. OEDENRODE 

EEP (R)DA 006-92-001 0.000 

22 Jun 1992 Loan OVERPELT 


1 Dec 1993 Loan Rt. ST. OEDENRODE EEP 

22 Dec 1993 

Loan ROTTERDAM 403616 EEP 

9210 M UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1992 Purchase EIJSDEN 



EEP 4 Nov 1994 (R)B 7555 0.000 







9215 F 7701 7407 14 Nov 1992 Hatching ARNHEM 

56077 EEP (R)L 3616 0.000 

5 Apr 1993 Loan ARCEN 303 


9302 ? WILD WILD ? Jan 1993 Purchase PALMITOS PARK 

EEP (R)H 00328 0.000 



B93115 EEP (R)(R)K 515 0.375 

9306 M 8106 8006 26 Apr 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/V 


13 Oct 1993 Donation WALSRODE/M 


9307 M 8711 8501 4 Nov 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 

EEP (R)ORN 150004 0.000 

9308 M 8711 8501 7 Dec 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


9309 ? 7701 7407 2 Jul 1993 Hatching ARNHEM 




9311 M 7701 7407 26 Dec 1993 Hatching ARNHEM 






9314 M UNKN UNKN 10 Sep 1993 Unknown KUFSTEIN 

0.000 

10 Sep 1993 Unknown SCHMIDING 


9315 ? 8407 8408 7 Sep 1993 Hatching JEREZ 


9316 M 8726 9004 ? Jan 1993 Hatching ST. OEDENRODE 


9317 ? 8810 8809 8 Jul 1993 Hatching BARCELONA 


9318 ? 8810 8809 16 Sep 1993 Hatching BARCELONA 


9319 ? 8810 8809 24 Jun 1993 Hatching BARCELONA 


9320 ? 8810 8809 13 Oct 1993 Hatching BARCELONA 


9401 ? 8726 9004 1 May 1994 Hatching ST. OEDENRODE 


9402 ? 8407 8408 7 Feb 1994 Hatching JEREZ 


9403 ? 9113 UNKN 23 Jun 1994 Hatching ARCEN 

EEP (R)VA94S32R 0.000 




9411 M 8711 8501 20 Jun 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/M 





EEP (R)B B8855 0.000 




────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

9415 ? 8407 8408 ? Jan 1994 Hatching AL AZIZIA 


9416 ? UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1994 Hatching LOUROSA 


9417 ? 8708 8705 16 Jan 1994 Hatching ALPHEN 


9418 ? 8708 8705 27 May 1994 Hatching ALPHEN 


9419 ? 9025 9215 5 Nov 1994 Hatching ARCEN 421 



EEP (R)RE 085 0.281 





================================================================== 

============================================= 



2.4.2 CURRENT GOURA VICTORIA POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Housename ARKS Program Identific. FC 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

AL AZIZIA, Bahrain (Census: 0.4.0) 

9024 F WILD WILD ? ? 1990 Purchase AL AZIZIA 

9026 F WILD 


WILD 

(R)az 1 0.000 

? Jan 1990 Purchase AL AZIZIA 



9033 F WILD 


WILD 

(R)AZ 2 0.000 

? Jan 1990 Purchase AL AZIZIA 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ALPHEN, The Netherlands (Census: 1.1.0) 

8705 F 8303 8107 3 Oct 1987 Hatching AMSTERDAM 37 


13 Apr 1988 Donation ALPHEN 




30 Dec 1989 Purchase ALPHEN 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

AMSTERDAM, The Netherlands (Census: 3.2.0) 

7609 F 7101 6902 8 Aug 1976 Hatching AMSTERDAM 25 

B76010 EEP (R)ARTIS K 80 0.250 

8103 M WILD WILD 23 Apr 1981 Unknown ROTTERDAM 

L050 L 401129 EEP (R)L050 L 0.000 

8 Nov 1993 Loan AMSTERDAM 


8107 F 7101 UNKN 14 Apr 1985 Hatching AMSTERDAM 30 

B81004 EEP (R)19-012 0.000 

8303 M 7101 7609 1 Apr 1983 Hatching AMSTERDAM 30 

B83012 EEP (R)K 78 0.375 


B93115 EEP (R)(R)K 515 0.375 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ARCEN, The Netherlands (Census: 2.1.1) 

9025 M 8604 8728 7 Jun 1990 Hatching ARCEN 173 


9113 M 7701 7407 ? Jan 1991 Hatching ARNHEM 

55398 EEP (R)BLUE L/YEL.R 0.000 

12 Jun 1992 Loan ARCEN 200 



9215 F 7701 7407 14 Nov 1992 Hatching ARNHEM 

56077 EEP (R)L 3616 0.000 

5 Apr 1993 Loan ARCEN 


9403 ? 9113 UNKN 23 Jun 1994 Hatching ARCEN 395 

EEP (R)VA94S32R 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ARNHEM, The Netherlands (Census: 5.3.1) 

7407 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1974 Trade ARNHEM 


27 Jul 1983 Loan MIERLO 

3 Mar 1985 Loan ret ARNHEM 

2672 52672 EEP 


0.000 


4 Jun 1984 Purchase ARNHEM 


8601 F 7101 7609 5 Apr 1986 Hatching AMSTERDAM 35 


23 Sep 1986 Trade ARNHEM 


8712 M 7701 7407 30 Sep 1987 Hatching ARNHEM 

54340 54340 EEP 0.000 



1 Mar 1992 Loan ARCEN 


11 Mar 1993 Donation ARNHEM 


9114 M 7701 7407 28 Nov 1991 Hatching ARNHEM 

55675 EEP (R)3638 L/WHI R 0.000 

9118 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1991 Hatching ARCEN 


29 Jun 1992 Loan ARNHEM 


9311 M 7701 7407 26 Dec 1993 Hatching ARNHEM 




.................................................................. 

............................................. 

AUGSBURG, Germany (Census: 1.1.0) 

9005 F WILD WILD 7 Nov 1990 Donation AUGSBURG 



9202 M 7701 7407 25 Apr 1992 Hatching ARNHEM 


11 May 1993 Loan AUGSBURG 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8809 F WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Loan BARCELONA 

00-0024-41D0 2745 EEP (R)T0171-VERDE 0.000 

8810 M WILD WILD 10 Mar 1988 Loan BARCELONA 

00-0025-4B04 2746 EEP (R)TO160-NEGRO 0.000 2.4.2 

CURRENT GOURA VICTORIA POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

BARCELONA, cont. 

8811 ? WILD WILD 28 Feb 1988 Loan BARCELONA 

00-0024-421A 2748 EEP (R)TO173-AZUL 0.000 

8813 ? 8805 8812 9 Dec 1989 Hatching BARCELONA 

00-0025-5818 2753 EEP (R)TO158-AMAR. 0.000 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 


7406 M UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1974 Trade BERLIN/ZOO 


7909 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1974 Trade BERLIN/ZOO 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

BOJNICE, Slovak Republic (Census: 1.1.0) 

9117 F UNKN UNKN 27 Mar 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 


9119 M UNKN UNKN 27 Mar 1991 Unknown BOJNICE 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

CLERES, France (Census: 1.1.0) 

8801 F WILD WILD 6 Oct 1988 Unknown PARIS 

M88257 EEP (R)VERT G 0.000 

9 May 1989 Donation CLERES C89007 


8802 M WILD WILD 6 Oct 1988 Unknown PARIS 

M88258 EEP (R)ROUGE G 0.000 



.................................................................. 

............................................. 


DUBLIN, Ireland (Census: 0.1.0) 

9010 F WILD WILD 25 Oct 1990 Donation HANNOVER 

K8 EEP (U)REV 12 0.000 

21 Apr 1993 Loan DUBLIN 93B025 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

EIJSDEN, The Netherlands (Census: 4.5.0) 

7705 F 7003 7002 19 Mar 1977 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

L090 L;RED R EEP (R)L090 L/RED R 0.000 

29 Jul 1982 Loan COPENHAGEN 


9 Jan 1992 Loan EIJSDEN 








7 Jun 1990 Unknown EIJSDEN 


9018 M 6901 8110 11 Jun 1990 Hatching WEERT 








9103 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1991 Hatching WEERT 




9206 M 8502 8402 ? Jun 1992 Hatching WEERT 








9210 M UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1992 Purchase EIJSDEN 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 






.................................................................. 

............................................. 

HANNOVER, Germany (Census: 1.0.0) 


7708 M 7003 7002 21 Dec 1977 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

L087 R 401127 EEP (R)LO87 R 0.000 

12 Jan 1993 Loan HANNOVER L 

087 R K 19 EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

HAYLE, Great Britain (Census: 1.1.0) 

8204 F UNKN UNKN 26 Jan 1984 Unknown HAYLE 

S108 S108 EEP (R)ORANGE LEFT 0.000 

9029 M 7805 7709 21 Mar 1990 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

401941 EEP (R)94S 0.000 



17 May 1991 Donation HAYLE S 504 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

JEREZ DL FRONT. Spain (Census: 1.1.5) 





















9315 ? 8407 8408 7 Sep 1993 Hatching JEREZ 


9402 ? 8407 8408 7 Feb 1994 Hatching JEREZ 


7 Feb 1994 Hatching JEREZ 


.................................................................. 


............................................. 

LISBOA, Portugal (Census: 1.1.0) 

8806 F WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Loan LISBOA 

00-0015-F60B 2779 EEP (R)B 303 0.000 

8807 M WILD WILD 4 Dec 1988 Loan LISBOA 66 

2780 EEP (R)B 305 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



8406 F WILD 


WILD 

0.000 

? Jan 1984 Purchase LOUROSA 



9120 ? 8407 


8408 

0.000 

? ? 1991 Hatching LOUROSA 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 










.................................................................. 

............................................. 

PALMITOS PARK, Spain (Census: 0.0.3) 

8210 ? UNKN UNKN ? ? 1982 Hatching PALMITOS PARK 


8211 ? UNKN UNKN 24 Sep 1982 Hatching PALMITOS PARK 


9302 ? WILD WILD ? Jan 1993 Purchase PALMITOS PARK 

EEP (R)H 00328 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9016 F UNKN UNKN 7 Jun 1990 Unknown PISA 


9028 M UNKN UNKN ? Jun 1992 Unknown PISA 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

RAMAT-GAN, TEL-AVIV, Israel (Census: 1.1.0) 

8302 F WILD WILD 7 Jul 1983 Trade ARNHEM 


27 Jul 1983 Loan MIERLO 


3 Sep 1985 Loan Rt. ARNHEM 1722 51722 


Donation RAMAT-GAN 


16 Feb 1993 

8606 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1986 Hatching PORAT 

0.000 

26 Dec 1991 Purchase RAMAT-GAN 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

RECANATI, Italy (Census: 1.1.0) 



1 Feb 1988 Loan RECANATI 




1 Aug 1988 Loan RECANATI 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 


────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

ROTTERDAM, The Netherlands (Census: 2.2.0) 



7709 F UNKN UNKN ? ? 1977 Hatching WASSENAAR 

(R)12084 0.000 



7805 M UNKN UNKN ? ? 1978 Hatching WASSENAAR 

(R)13064 L 0.000 


13064 L 401125 EEP 

9209 M 8726 9004 ? ? 1992 Hatching ST. OEDENRODE 

EEP (R)DA006-92-001 0.000 

22 Jun 1992 Loan OVERPELT 


1 Dec 1993 Loan Rt. ST. OEDENRODE 

EEP 22 Dec 1993 

Loan ROTTERDAM 403616 EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ROYAN, PALMYRE, France (Census: 0.0.2) 


8702 ? UNKN UNKN 24 Jul 1984 Unknown PALMYRE 

BALE 65700 369 EEP (R)BALE 65700 0.000 

8703 ? UNKN UNKN 12 Jun 1986 Unknown PALMYRE 

WASSENAAR 13800 371 EEP 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

SCHMIDING, Austria (Census: 1.1.0) 

9204 F UNKN UNKN ? Jan 1992 Purchase SCHMIDING 


9314 M UNKN UNKN 10 Sep 1993 Unknown KUFSTEIN 

0.000 

10 Sep 1993 Unknown SCHMIDING 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

ST. OEDENRODE, The Netherlands (Census: 2.2.1) 

8726 M 8502 8402 


19 Jul 1989 Hatching WEERT 

(R)M 734 0.281 

? Jan 1990 Unknown ST. OEDENRODE 






9316 M 8726 9004 ? Jan 1993 Hatching ST. OEDENRODE 

EEP (R)Da 06-93-561 0.000 

9401 ? 8726 9004 1 May 1994 Hatching ST. OEDENRODE 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

STUTTGART, Germany (Census: 1.1.0) 


V0227 EEP 0.000 

7610 M 7003 7002 25 Oct 1976 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

L086 R (R)K 297 R 0.000 

4 Dec 1990 Donation STUTTGART 

V0757 EEP 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

TIMMASPE, Germany (Census: 1.1.0) 

8910 M UNKN UNKN 4 Sep 1994 Unknown TIMMASPE 




.................................................................. 

............................................. 

UPIE, France (Census: 1.1.0) 

7711 F UNKN UNKN 25 Mar 1976 Hatching MONTPELLIER 



? ? 1992 Unknown VILLARS-DOMBES 


30 Oct 1992 Loan UPIE NO 3 


8301 M WILD WILD 27 Oct 1983 Loan VILLARS-DOMBES 

EEP (R)PARIS 84-93 0.000 

23 Oct 1991 Unknown UPIE NO 


.................................................................. 

............................................. 

VILLARS-DOMBES, France (Census: 0.1.0) 



18 Sep 1991 Trade UPIE 


31 Oct 1992 Loan VILLARS-DOMBES 


.................................................................. 

.............................................WALSRODE/M, Spain 

(Census: 6.5.0) 





8501 F 7101 7609 25 May 1985 Hatching AMSTERDAM 34 


29 Apr 1986 Trade WALSRODE/V 










13 Jul 1988 Trade WALSRODE/M 


2.4.2 CURRENT 

GOURA VICTORIA POPULATION AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 



────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 

WALSRODE/M, cont. 



3 Aug 1990 Trade WALSRODE/M 



EEP (R)B8514 0.000 






13 Oct 1993 Donation WALSRODE/M 


9307 M 8711 8501 4 Nov 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


9308 M 8711 8501 7 Dec 1993 Hatching WALSRODE/M 


9411 M 8711 8501 20 Jun 1994 Hatching WALSRODE/M 




.................................................................. 

............................................. 

WALSRODE/W, Germany (Census: 2.1.0) 

8006 F UNKN UNKN 31 Dec 1980 Hatching WALSRODE/V 

EEP (R)8159/GREEN 0.000 

8106 M WILD WILD 31 Dec 1983 Unknown WALSRODE/V 

EEP (R)7505/ORANGE 0.000 


EEP (R)B B8855 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


6901 M WILD WILD 10 Apr 1969 Trade AMSTERDAM 14 


25 Mar 1977 Trade EINDHOVEN 

31 Dec 1985 Trade WEERT 


7903 F 7610 UNKN 28 Mar 1979 Hatching ROTTERDAM 

EEP (R)L050 L/YEL.R 0.000 

23 Apr 1981 Trade WEERT 






8110 F WILD WILD 31 Dec 1981 Trade WEERT 


8402 F 8108 7903 ? ? 1984 Hatching WEERT 


8502 M 8108 7903 ? ? 1985 Hatching WEERT 


8605 F 6901 8402 31 Dec 1986 Hatching WEERT 




EEP (R)87.851 YELL. 0.000 




042-780 EEP (R)042-780 0.125 





9420 F 8502 8402 


18 Jun 1994 Hatching WEERT 

(R)RE 085 0.281 



9422 ? 6901 8110 


19 Sep 1994 Hatching WEERT 

(R)086 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



2.4.3 FOUNDER REPRESENTATION OF GOURA VICTORIA AS OF 31 DEC. 1994 

2.4.4 AGE DISTRIBUTION OF GOURA VICTORIA AS OF 31 DEC. 1994 

2.4.5 BIRTHS, DEATHS AND IMPORTS OF GOURA VICTORIA 1988-1994 



2.4.6.1 DEATHS OF GOURA VICTORIA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Birth date Last site Identif. Fc 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


7002 21 Feb 1988 Female WILD WILD WILD ? 

? 1970 ROTTERDAM (R)L034 L 0.000 8706 12 Apr 1988 

Unk. sex 7101 7609 AMSTERDAM 8 Apr 1988 

AMSTERDAM 0.375 8717 7 Aug 1988 Unk. sex 

UNKN UNKN ROTTERDAM 30 Jul 1988 ROTTERDAM 

0.000 6903 ? ? 1988 Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1969 MUNSTER 0.000 6904 

? ? 1988 Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD ? ? 

1969 MUNSTER 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


7910 14 Jan 1989 Male UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? 

? 1979 PALMYRE (R)13800 0.000 7608 20 Mar 1989 

Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1976 

VILLARS-DOMBES 0.000 8905 16 Apr 1989 Unk. sex 

6901 8110 WEERT 15 Apr 1989 WEERT 

0.000 8906 30 May 1989 Unk. sex 6901 8110 

WEERT 29 May 1989 WEERT 0.000 

8907 ? ? 1989 Unk. sex 8108 8605 WEERT 11 

Jun 1989 WEERT 0.125 8104 29 Jun 1989 

Unk. sex UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN ? ? 1981 

HANNOVER 0.000 8718 13 Jul 1989 Unk. sex 

7805 7709 ROTTERDAM 12 Jul 1989 ROTTERDAM 

0.000 8714 27 Aug 1989 Unk. sex 8712 8601 

ARNHEM 16 Aug 1989 ARNHEM (U)54874 0.000 


Sep 1989 ROTTERDAM 0.000 8713 14 Oct 1989 

Unk. sex 8712 8601 ARNHEM 10 Oct 1989 ARNHEM 

(U)54948 0.000 8715 1 Nov 1989 Unk. sex 7701 

7407 ARNHEM 24 Sep 1989 ARNHEM 

0.000 8716 6 Nov 1989 Unk. sex 8712 8601 ARNHEM 

30 Oct 1989 ARNHEM 0.000 8720 18 

Nov 1989 Unk. sex 7805 7709 ROTTERDAM 9 Oct 1989 


ROTTERDAM 0.000 7902 ? ? 1989 Unk. 

sex UNKN UNKN WASSENAAR 2 Feb 1979 BOURTON/WATER 

(R)12800 0.000 

7803 ? ? 1989 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN WASSENAAR 18 

Apr 1978 BOURTON/WATER 0.000 8701 ? ? 1989 

Male 7805 7709 ROTTERDAM 26 Jan 1987 ALPHEN 

(R)L215 L 0.000 8812 ? ? 1989 Female WILD 

WILD WILD ? ? 1988 BARCELONA 

0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


7706 ? ? 1990 Unk. sex 7101 6902 AMSTERDAM 6 

Jun 1977 MUNICH (R)S 310 0.250 7712 ? ? 1990 

Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1977 MUNICH 

0.000 8404 10 Jan 1990 Female 8205 

8204 HAYLE 1 Aug 1984 HAYLE (R)RED LEFT 

0.000 9027 27 Feb 1990 Unk. sex 7805 7709 ROTTERDAM 

10 Feb 1990 ROTTERDAM 0.000 9017 28 

Apr 1990 Unk. sex 6901 8110 WEERT 27 Apr 1990 

WEERT 0.000 9019 ? ? 1990 Unk. 

sex 8108 8605 WEERT 20 Apr 1990 WEERT 

0.125 9014 1 Jul 1990 Unk. sex 8103 7202 

ROTTERDAM 1 Jul 1990 ROTTERDAM 0.000 

7702 16 Jul 1990 Male WILD WILD WILD ? 

? 1977 ARNHEM (R)BLUE 0.000 9021 ? ? 1990 

Unk. sex 8109 7903 WEERT 4 Sep 1990 WEERT 

0.000 9006 14 Nov 1990 Unk. sex 7805 

7709 ROTTERDAM 2 Nov 1990 ROTTERDAM 

0.000 9007 30 Nov 1990 Unk. sex 7805 7709 ROTTERDAM 

30 Nov 1990 ROTTERDAM 0.000 8604 27 

Dec 1990 Male UNKN UNKN ROTTERDAM ? ? 1986 

ARCEN (R)MO83 R 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8707 ? ? 1991 Unk. sex 7101 7609 AMSTERDAM 2 

Aug 1988 ARCEN 0.375 9012 4 Jan 1991 

Male WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1990 

HANNOVER 0.000 8105 6 Jan 1991 Male 

7003 7002 ROTTERDAM 9 Jun 1981 COPENHAGEN 

(R)L071R/RED L 0.000 9100 11 Jan 1991 Unk. sex 7805 7709 

ROTTERDAM 5 Jan 1991 ROTTERDAM 0.000 


8704 24 Jan 1991 Unk. sex WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1988 BUDAPEST 0.000 7611 28 Jan 

1991 Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1976 

UPIE 0.000 8603 21 Feb 1991 Male 

7101 7609 AMSTERDAM 11 Nov 1986 ROTTERDAM 

(R)L 259 0.375 9101 20 Mar 1991 Unk. sex 7805 7709 

ROTTERDAM 20 Mar 1991 ROTTERDAM 0.000 


May 1991 ROTTERDAM (U)DB 91-101 0.000 9107 ? ? 1991 

Unk. sex 6901 8110 WEERT 1 Jul 1991 WEERT 

0.000 9108 9 Jul 1991 Unk. sex 6901 

8110 WEERT 5 Jul 1991 WEERT 

0.000 9109 22 Jul 1991 Unk. sex 8109 7903 WEERT 

1 Jul 1991 WEERT 0.000 9112 3 

Sep 1991 Unk. sex 7101 7609 AMSTERDAM 17 Aug 1991 

AMSTERDAM 0.375 7703 5 Sep 1991 Female 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1977 ARNHEM 

(R)GREEN 0.000 9015 ? ? 1991 Unk. sex UNKN UNKN 

UNKNOWN ? ? 1990 PISA 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

2.4.6.1 DEATHS OF GOURA VICTORIA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Birth date Last site Identif. Fc 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


8815 11 Feb 1992 Female WILD WILD WILD ? 

? 1988 LISBOA 0.000 7904 18 Feb 1992 

Female 7003 7002 ROTTERDAM 10 Jun 1979 

ROTTERDAM (R)L089 R 0.000 9201 21 Jul 1992 Unk. sex 

8303 8107 AMSTERDAM 18 Jul 1992 AMSTERDAM 

0.219 9001 17 Nov 1992 Male 7101 7609 

AMSTERDAM 25 Sep 1990 ARCEN (R)KSO3(BLUE L) 0.375 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8723 ? ? 1993 Male 6901 8110 WEERT 19 

Jul 1989 ST. OEDENRODE (R)M 731 0.000 9213 ? ? 1993 


Unk. sex 8405 8406 LOUROSA ? ? 1992 LOUROSA 

0.000 9214 ? ? 1993 Unk. sex 8407 

8408 LOUROSA ? ? 1992 LOUROSA 

0.000 7602 9 Jan 1993 Female UNKN UNKN UNKNOWN 

? ? 1976 PALMYRE (R)12536 0.000 8904 11 

Feb 1993 Male 8604 8728 ARCEN 3 Oct 1989 

ARCEN (R)RED 0.000 8506 12 Apr 1993 Male 

UNKN UNKN PORAT ? ? 1985 DUBLIN 

0.000 9319 26 Jun 1993 Unk. sex 8810 8809 

BARCELONA 24 Jun 1993 BARCELONA 0.000 

9309 8 Jul 1993 Unk. sex 7701 7407 ARNHEM 2 

Jul 1993 ARNHEM 0.000 9317 12 Jul 1993 

Unk. sex 8810 8809 BARCELONA 8 Jul 1993 

BARCELONA 0.000 7506 26 Jul 1993 Male 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1983 WALSRODE/M (R)B 

8194 0.000 7101 4 Sep 1993 Male 6901 6902 

AMSTERDAM ? Jun 1971 AMSTERDAM 0.000 

9320 16 Oct 1993 Unk. sex 8810 8809 BARCELONA 13 

Oct 1993 BARCELONA 0.000 9310 27 Oct 1993 

Unk. sex 7701 7407 ARNHEM 27 Oct 1993 ARNHEM 

0.000 8916 11 Nov 1993 Unk. sex 8407 

8408 LOUROSA ? Jan 1989 JEREZ 

0.000 8728 4 Dec 1993 Female UNKN UNKN WEERT 

? Jun 1987 ARCEN (R)87.860 0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9031 ? ? 1994 Unk. sex 8405 8406 LOUROSA ? 

? 1990 LOUROSA 0.000 9121 ? ? 1994 

Unk. sex 8405 8406 LOUROSA ? ? 1991 LOUROSA 

0.000 9416 ? ? 1994 Unk. sex UNKN 

UNKN LOUROSA ? Jan 1994 LOUROSA 

0.000 9415 ? ? 1994 Unk. sex 8407 8408 JEREZ 

? Jan 1994 AL AZIZIA 0.000 9417 16 

Jan 1994 Unk. sex 8708 8705 ALPHEN 16 Jan 1994 

ALPHEN 0.344 9011 23 Jan 1994 Female 

WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1990 HANNOVER 

(U)REV 12 0.000 8805 2 Apr 1994 Male WILD WILD 

WILD ? ? 1988 BARCELONA (R)T0159ROJO 0.000 

8808 13 Apr 1994 Female WILD WILD WILD ? 

? 1988 LISBOA (R)B 306 0.000 9318 18 May 1994 

Unk. sex 8810 8809 BARCELONA 16 Sep 1993 

BARCELONA 0.000 9418 30 May 1994 Unk. sex 

8708 8705 ALPHEN 27 May 1994 ALPHEN 


0.344 7404 20 Oct 1994 Female WILD WILD WILD 

? ? 1974 HANNOVER (R)W 0534 0.000 9212 

4 Nov 1994 Male 8106 8006 WALSRODE/V 10 Sep 

1992 WALSRODE/M (R)B 7555 0.000 7704 6 Nov 1994 

Female WILD WILD WILD ? ? 1977 PALMYRE 

0.000 9419 12 Nov 1994 Unk. sex 9025 

9215 ARCEN 5 Nov 1994 ARCEN 

0.000 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 

Total deaths: 15.13.54 


2.4.6.2 REPORTED DEATH CAUSES OF GOURA VICTORIA 

THROUGH 31 DECEMBER 1994 

────────────────────────────────────── 


────────────────────────────────────── 

7101 4 Sep 1993 Amsterdam acute liver necrosis,intestinal bleeding 

7203 7 Mar 1981 Wassenaar shock 

7404 20 Oct 1994 Hannover bacterial polyserositis 

7505 31 Jul 1986 Dublin ruptured crop, sev. impaction gizzard 

7506 26 Jul 1993 Walsrode/m trauma, killed by cassowary 

7602 9 Jan 1993 Palmyre anorexia associated with bone tumour 

7607 3 Jan 1979 Dublin nephritis, with uremea (renal failure) 

7704 6 Nov 1994 Palmyre aspergillosis 

7904 18 Feb 1992 Rotterdam pm 92/9 euthanised, chronic aspergillosis 

8004 9 May 1981 Wassenaar toxoplasmosis 

8105 6 Jan 1991 Copenhagen chronic liver disease 

8404 10 Jan 1990 Hayle septicaemia (e. rhusiopathie) 

8506 12 Apr 1993 Dublin nephritis, urate crystals 

8602 3 Sep 1986 Arnhem septicaemia, (Salmonella and E.coli) 

8704 24 Jan 1991 Budapest pneumonia 

8808 13 Apr 1994 Lisboa trauma, stress during bloodsampling 

8916 11 Nov 1993 Jerez dl Front. trauma (broken leg) 

9011 23 Jan 1994 Hannover toxoplasmosis 

9015 ? ? 1991 Pisa hypothermia (old age related) 9027 

27 Feb 1990 Rotterdam septicaemia (died during handrearing) 

9110 8 Jun 1991 Rotterdam trauma 

9212 4 Nov 1994 Walsrode/m fatty liver degeneration 

9214 ? ? 1993 Lourosa trauma (killed by Satyr tragopan) 


2.4.6.3 SEASON OF DEATHS OF GOURA VICTORIA 

1934 - 1987 (N = 45) 

1988 - 1994 (N = 67) 

1934 - 1994 (N = 112) 


2.4.7.1 BIRTHS OF GOURA VICTORIA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Identific. Fc Death date Last site 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


8706 Unk. sex 8 Apr 1988 AMSTERDAM 7101 7609 

0.375 12 Apr 1988 AMSTERDAM 8717 Unk. sex 

30 Jul 1988 ROTTERDAM UNKN UNKN 0.000 

7 Aug 1988 ROTTERDAM 

8707 Unk. sex 2 Aug 1988 AMSTERDAM 7101 7609 

0.375 ? ? 1991 ARCEN 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


8912 Unk. sex ? ? 1989 JEREZ 8407 8408 

0.000 O ROSAL 


0.000 JEREZ 


0.000 JEREZ 


0.000 JEREZ 


0.000 11 Nov 1993 JEREZ 

8905 Unk. sex 15 Apr 1989 WEERT 6901 8110 

0.000 16 Apr 1989 WEERT 

8906 Unk. sex 29 May 1989 WEERT 6901 8110 

0.000 30 May 1989 WEERT 

8907 Unk. sex 11 Jun 1989 WEERT 8108 8605 

0.125 ? ? 1989 WEERT 

8718 Unk. sex 12 Jul 1989 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 

0.000 13 Jul 1989 ROTTERDAM 

8724 Male 15 Jul 1989 WEERT 8108 8605 

(R)780 RE 0.125 EIJSDEN 

8726 Male 19 Jul 1989 WEERT 8502 8402 

(R)M 734 0.281 ST.OEDENR. 

8723 Male 19 Jul 1989 WEERT 6901 8110 

(R)M 731 0.000 ? ? 1993 ST.OEDENR. 

8725 Female 7 Aug 1989 WEERT 8109 7903 

(R)4430 0.000 EIJSDEN 


8714 Unk. sex 16 Aug 1989 ARNHEM 8712 8601 

(U)54874 0.000 27 Aug 1989 ARNHEM 

8715 Unk. sex 24 Sep 1989 ARNHEM 7701 7407 

0.000 1 Nov 1989 ARNHEM 


0.000 2 Oct 1989 ROTTERDAM 

8904 Male 3 Oct 1989 ARCEN 8604 8728 

(R)RED 0.000 11 Feb 1993 ARCEN 

8720 Unk. sex 9 Oct 1989 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 

0.000 18 Nov 1989 ROTTERDAM 

8713 Unk. sex 10 Oct 1989 ARNHEM 8712 8601 

(U)54948 0.000 14 Oct 1989 ARNHEM 

8708 Male 14 Oct 1989 AMSTERDAM 7101 7609 

0.375 ALPHEN 


0.000 6 Nov 1989 ARNHEM 

8813 Unk. sex 9 Dec 1989 BARCELONA 8805 8812 

R)TO158-AMARIL. 0.000 

BARCELONA 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



0.000 LOUROSA 9031 Unk. sex 

? ? 1990 LOUROSA 8405 8406 0.000 

? ? 1994 LOUROSA 9027 Unk. sex 10 Feb 1990 

ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 0.000 27 Feb 1990 

ROTTERDAM 9029 Male 21 Mar 1990 ROTTERDAM 

7805 7709 (R)94S 0.000 HAYLE 9002 

Female 14 Apr 1990 AMSTERDAM 7101 7609 

0.375 ARNHEM 9019 Unk. sex 20 

Apr 1990 WEERT 8108 8605 0.125 ? 

? 1990 WEERT 

9017 Unk. sex 27 Apr 1990 WEERT 6901 8110 

0.000 28 Apr 1990 WEERT 

9025 Male 7 Jun 1990 ARCEN 8604 8728 

0.000 ARCEN 

9018 Male 11 Jun 1990 WEERT 6901 8110 

(R)0102-780 0.000 EIJSDEN 

9020 Female 11 Jun 1990 WEERT 8108 8605 

0.125 EIJSDEN, 

9014 Unk. sex 1 Jul 1990 ROTTERDAM 8103 7202 

0.000 1 Jul 1990 ROTTERDAM 9013 Female 

12 Aug 1990 WEERT 8502 8402 (R)001-780 0.281 

WEERT 9021 Unk. sex 4 Sep 1990 


WEERT 8109 7903 0.000 ? ? 1990 

WEERT 9001 Male 25 Sep 1990 AMSTERDAM 

7101 7609 (R)KSO3(BLUE L) 0.375 17 Nov 1992 ARCEN 9006 

Unk. sex 2 Nov 1990 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 

0.000 14 Nov 1990 ROTTERDAM 9007 Unk. sex 30 

Nov 1990 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 0.000 30 

Nov 1990 ROTTERDAM 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9113 Male ? Jan 1991 ARNHEM 7701 7407 

(R)BLUE L/YEL.R 0.000 ARCEN 9120 Unk. sex 

? ? 1991 LOUROSA 8407 8408 

0.000 LOUROSA 9121 Unk. sex ? ? 1991 

LOUROSA 8405 8406 0.000 ? ? 1994 

LOUROSA 9122 Unk. sex ? Jan 1991 LOUROSA 

8405 8406 0.000 O ROSAL 

9100 Unk. sex 5 Jan 1991 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 

0.000 11 Jan 1991 ROTTERDAM 9103 Female 

? ? 1991 WEERT UNKN UNKN 0.000 

EIJSDEN 

9101 Unk. sex 20 Mar 1991 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 

0.000 20 Mar 1991 ROTTERDAM 9110 Unk. sex 

8 May 1991 ROTTERDAM 7805 7709 (U)DB 91-101 0.000 

8 Jun 1991 ROTTERDAM 9118 Male ? ? 1991 

ARCEN UNKN UNKN 0.000 

ARNHEM 9105 Male 1 Jul 1991 WEERT 

8502 8402 (R)043-780 0.281 GOCH 9107 

Unk. sex 1 Jul 1991 WEERT 6901 8110 

0.000 ? ? 1991 WEERT 2.4.7.1 BIRTHS OF GOURA 

VICTORIA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

───────────────────────────────────────────── 


Identific. Fc Death date Last site 

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 

─────────────────────────────────────────────Births during: 1991 

cont. 

9109 Unk. sex 1 Jul 1991 WEERT 8109 7903 

0.000 22 Jul 1991 WEERT 9108 Unk. sex 

5 Jul 1991 WEERT 6901 8110 0.000 

9 Jul 1991 WEERT 9106 Male 17 Jul 1991 


WEERT 8108 8605 (R)042-780 0.125 

WEERT 9112 Unk. sex 17 Aug 1991 AMSTERDAM 

7101 7609 0.375 3 Sep 1991 AMSTERDAM 9104 

Male 29 Sep 1991 WALSRODE/V 8106 8006 

(R)B8514 0.000 WALSRODE/M 

9114 Male 28 Nov 1991 ARNHEM 7701 7407 

(R)3638 L/WHI R 0.000 

ARNHEM 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



0.000 ? ? 1993 LOUROSA 9214 Unk. sex 

? ? 1992 LOUROSA 8407 8408 0.000 

? ? 1993 LOUROSA 9202 Male 25 Apr 1992 

ARNHEM 7701 7407 0.000 

AUGSBURG 9209 Male ? ? 1992 ST. OEDENRODE 

8726 9004 (R)DA006-92-001 0.000 ROTTERDAM 9206 

Male ? Jun 1992 WEERT 8502 8402 

(R)92-780-41 0.281 

EIJSDEN 


(R)92-780-45 0.000 

EIJSDEN 


(R)92-780-47 0.125 GOCH 9201 Unk. sex 

18 Jul 1992 AMSTERDAM 8303 8107 0.219 

21 Jul 1992 AMSTERDAM 9212 Male 10 Sep 1992 

WALSRODE/V 8106 8006 (R)B 7555 0.000 4 Nov 1994 

WALSRODE/M 

9215 Female 14 Nov 1992 ARNHEM 7701 7407 

(R)L 3616 0.000 ARCEN 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9316 Male ? Jan 1993 ST. OEDENRODE 8726 9004 

(R)DA06-93-561 0.000 ST. OEDENR. 9306 Male 

26 Apr 1993 WALSRODE/V 8106 8006 (R)B 8326 

0.000 WALSRODE/M 

9305 Male 18 Jun 1993 AMSTERDAM 7101 7609 

(R)(R)K 515 0.375 AMSTERDAM 9319 Unk. sex 

24 Jun 1993 BARCELONA 8810 8809 0.000 

26 Jun 1993 BARCELONA 

9309 Unk. sex 2 Jul 1993 ARNHEM 7701 7407 

0.000 8 Jul 1993 ARNHEM 

9317 Unk. sex 8 Jul 1993 BARCELONA 8810 8809 


0.000 12 Jul 1993 BARCELONA 

9313 Unk. sex 15 Jul 1993 WEERT 8108 8605 

(R)780-93-99 0.125 

WEERT 

9312 Unk. sex 5 Sep 1993 WEERT 8502 8402 

(R)780-93-94 0.281 WEERT 9315 Unk. sex 

7 Sep 1993 JEREZ 8407 8408 (R)S 4114 93 0.000 

JEREZ 9318 Unk. sex 16 Sep 1993 

BARCELONA 8810 8809 0.000 18 May 1994 

BARCELONA 

9320 Unk. sex 13 Oct 1993 BARCELONA 8810 8809 

0.000 16 Oct 1993 BARCELONA 


0.000 27 Oct 1993 ARNHEM 9307 Male 

4 Nov 1993 WALSRODE/M 8711 8501 (R)ORN 150004 0.000 

WALSRODE/M 

9308 Male 7 Dec 1993 WALSRODE/M 8711 8501 

(R)ORN 150021 0.000 

WALSRODE/M 

9311 Male 26 Dec 1993 ARNHEM 7701 7407 

0.000 ARNHEM 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 


9415 Unk. sex ? Jan 1994 JEREZ 8407 8408 

0.000 ? ? 1994 AL AZIZIA 9416 Unk. sex 

? Jan 1994 LOUROSA UNKN UNKN 0.000 

? ? 1994 LOUROSA 9417 Unk. sex 16 Jan 1994 

ALPHEN 8708 8705 0.344 16 Jan 1994 

ALPHEN 9402 Unk. sex 7 Feb 1994 JEREZ 

8407 8408 (R)S 1354 94 0.000 JEREZ 9413 

Male 10 Apr 1994 WALSRODE/V 8106 8006 (R)B 

B8855 0.000 WALSRODE/V 9401 Unk. sex 1 

May 1994 ST. OEDENRODE 8726 9004 (R)DA 06-94-782 0.000 

ST. OEDENR. 

9418 Unk. sex 27 May 1994 ALPHEN 8708 8705 

0.344 30 May 1994 ALPHEN 9420 Female 

18 Jun 1994 WEERT 8502 8402 (R)RE 085 0.281 

WEERT 9411 Male 20 Jun 1994 

WALSRODE/M 8711 8501 (R)ORN 150029 0.000 

WALSRODE/M 

9403 Unk. sex 23 Jun 1994 ARCEN 9113 UNKN 

(R)VA94S32R 0.000 ARCEN 9412 Female 

11 Aug 1994 WALSRODE/M 8711 8501 (R)ORN 150048 0.000 

WALSRODE/M 

9414 Unk. sex 5 Sep 1994 BARCELONA 8810 8809 


0.000 BARCELONA 

9421 Female 8 Sep 1994 WEERT 8502 8402 

0.281 WEERT 9422 Unk. sex 

19 Sep 1994 WEERT 6901 8110 (R)086 0.000 

WEERT 9410 Unk. sex 24 Oct 1994 

ARNHEM 9118 9002 0.000 

ARNHEM 9419 Unk. sex 5 Nov 1994 ARCEN 

9025 9215 0.000 12 Nov 1994 ARCEN 

.................................................................. 

............................................. 



2.4.7.2 SEASON OF BIRTHS OF GOURA VICTORIA 

1934 - 1987 (N = 59) 

1988 - 1994 (N = 93) 

1934 - 1994 (N = 152) 



2.4.8 TRANSFERS OF GOURA VICTORIA 1988 - 1994 

────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1988 







13 04 88 8705 Amsterdam Alphen 

22 04 88 8701 Rotterdam Alphen 

20 05 88 8704 Wild Budapest 

07 06 88 8710 Wild Walsrode/v 



16 10 88 8802 Wild Paris 

06 10 88 8801 Wild Paris 

28 10 88 8707 Amsterdam Rotterdam 

04 12 88 8808 Wild Lisboa 

04 12 88 8815 Wild Lisboa 

1989 

01 01 89 8407 Lourosa Jerez dl Front 


09 05 89 8802 Paris Cleres 

09 05 89 8801 Paris Cleres 

19 05 89 8604 Rotterdam Arcen 

20 05 89 8728 Weert Arcen 

07 06 89 8711 Wild Walsrode/v 

29 10 89 8707 Rotterdam Arcen 

30 12 89 8708 Amsterdam Alphen 

1990 






01 01 90 9032 Wild Al Azizia 




07 06 90 8725 Weert Eijsden 







────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1990 cont. 





25 10 90 9011 Wild Hannover 

25 10 90 9010 Wild Hannover 

07 11 90 9005 Wild Augsburg 

04 12 90 7610 Rotterdam Stuttgart 

1991 

26 03 91 9029 Rotterdam Chester 



17 05 91 9029 Chester Hayle 




23 10 91 8301 Villars-Dombes Upie 

23 10 91 9116 Paris Upie 

26 12 91 8506 Porat Tel Aviv 

26 12 91 8606 Porat Tel Aviv 

1992 

01 01 92 9205 Unknown Schmiding 

01 01 92 9204 Unknown Schmiding 

01 01 92 9211 Unknown Oelde 

09 01 92 7705 Copenhagen Eijsden 

01 03 92 9001 Amsterdam Arcen 


01 06 92 9210 Unknown Eijsden 

12 06 92 9113 Arnhem Arcen 

22 06 92 9209 St.Oedenrode Overpelt 

29 06 92 9118 Arcen Arnhem 

18 09 92 7710 Montpellier Upie 

28 10 92 7710 Upie Villars-Dombes 

28 10 92 9116 Upie Villars-Dombes 

30 10 92 7711 Villars-Dombes Upie 

1993 


01 01 93 8912 Jerez dl Front O Rosal 

01 01 93 9302 Wild Palmitos 




12 01 93 7708 Rotterdam Hannover 


────────────────────────────────────── 


dd mm yy 

────────────────────────────────────── 

1993 cont. 



16 02 93 8302 Arnhem Tel Aviv 

11 03 93 9002 Amsterdam Arnhem 

01 04 93 8506 Tel Aviv Dublin 

02 04 93 9215 Arnhem Arcen 

21 04 93 9010 Hannover Dublin 

11 05 93 9202 Arnhem Augsburg 

10 09 93 9205 Schmiding Kufstein 

10 09 93 9314 Unknown Kufstein 

10 09 93 9314 Kufstein Schmiding 


08 11 93 8103 Rotterdam Amsterdam 

01 12 93 9209 Overpelt St. Oedenrode 

22 12 93 9209 St.Oedenrode Rotterdam 

28 12 93 9208 Weert Goch 

28 12 93 9105 Weert Goch 

1994 


06 07 94 7404 Stuttgart Hannover 


======================================================================= 




GOURA VICTORIA 1988-1994 


Current pop. size: 50.53.23 (T=126) 

Founders: 19 

Live founders: 13; % current population 10.3% 

Potential founders: 32 (21 wild caught and 11 unknown parentage) 



There were 17 transfers made in 1988, 9 in 1989, 22 in 1990, 11 in 1991, 14 in 1992, 23 in 1993 

and 3 in 1994. Four birds left the EEP in 1993. There were 35 individuals imported into the 

population between 1988-1994. 

Age Distribution (See 2.4.4) 

The age of 50 (39.7%) individuals in the current population was known as of 31 December 1994. 

As would be expected, birds of known age have been generally younger birds bred in captivity. 

Forty-one (82%) of the birds of known age were 8 years of age or younger as of 31 December 1994. 

There was no information on hatching date for 46 (52.9%) of the of 87 birds placed in the age 

categories of eight years or less. The age categorizations are usually based on the minimum amount 

of time that the birds are known to have been in captivity. Actual age of such birds could be much 

higher in many cases, as methods of capturing crowned pigeons (e.g. netting them at communal 

drinking locations) would favour capture of adult/self feeding individuals of any possible age. 

Individuals of unknown sex are divided equally between males and females in Figure 2.4.4. 

The population contains a lower proportion of young individuals than is desirable. 

Sex Ratio 

The sex ratio of males to females is almost equal at 1.0:1.1. Sex of 23 (16.9%) of the birds has not 

been reported. All birds should be sexed as rapidly as possible, and techniques for sexing birds are 

discussed in the research and management section of this studbook. 


The two "pseudo founders" constituted 32.74% of the founder representation on 31 December 1994, 

meaning that approximately one-third of the genes in the captive bred population were of unknown 

origin. Founder representation of the 19 known founders is disturbingly unequal. More than onefourth 

of the founder representation is by three birds, two of which were still alive and breeding in 

1994. 

Inbreeding is highest in this Goura species: 18 individuals (14.3%) in the current population as of 

31 December 1994 had a inbreeding coefficient > 0. Of these, 6 had a breeding coefficient of .375. 

All of these six birds were in a breeding situation in 1994, and two bred successfully. 

Most of the under-represented founders are still found in the current population and a large number 

of potential founders exist. With good management, the chance of a obtaining a genetically 

balanced and diverse population is still possible. 



The number of births has exceeded deaths in all years except 1988 during the 1988-1994 period. 

Season of Death (See 2.4.6) 

The percentage of deaths for which the date is known was lower than average during the 3 month 

period June-August, being 16.4%. The percentage of deaths occurring during the May-October 6 

month period was 35.5%, therefore lower than in the other collective six months of the year. 


Age 

0-30d 30d-1y 1 + -5y 5 + -10y 10 + -15y 15 + -20y 20 + y Tot 

Est. 0 6 14 6 9 5 1 41 

Kn. 27 3 5 3 2 0 1 41 

Total 27 9 19 9 11 5 2 82 

Est.= Estimated age, or minimum age, based on date of arrival. 

Kn.= Age Known 

Estimated ages are based on date of arrival, thus age at death for estimated ages could be higher. 

This is probably the case, as the mortality between 1 + -10 years for the estimated age category is 

quite high (48.9% of total) in comparison to the known age groups (19.5% of total). Almost onethird 

(30.4%) of the mortality occurred in the first 30 days. 

Cause of Death 

Information on causes of death are insufficient, cause of death was provided for only 18 (22.0%) of 

the 82 deaths occurring in the 1988-1994 period. Death of 6 (26.1%) of the 23 specimens in the 

studbook for which this death cause was provided through 31 December 1994 was attributed to 

trauma/shock. As trauma is usually the most easily diagnosed cause of death, it may be relatively 

over-represented. Six deaths (26.1%) were bacteria related. 

Summary of Annual Report/Studbook Reproductive Data 1988-1994: 

GOURA VICTORIA 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 




Nr young born 3 12 13 11 8 15 16 









The number of zoos holding and breeding G. victoria, as well as the proportion of zoos breeding G. 

victoria, has generally increased. The survivorship of the young has steadily increased. 

Season of birth (See 2.4.7.2): 

A peaks in births (for which the birth date is known) in the studbook population occurred in July 

during the 1988-1994 period. A higher than average birth rate of 38.7% was observed in the June- 

August 3 month period. Approximately 2/3 of the births occurred during the May-October 6 month 

period. 

RESULTS OF 1989-1994 MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRES GOURA VICTORIA 


Responding zoos (one or more years) included: 

Al Azizia, Alphen, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Arnhem, Barcelona, Bochum, Bojnice, Budapest, Cleres, 

Copenhagen, Gettorf, Hannover, Hayle, Jerez, Lisboa, Lourosa, O Rosal, Overpelt, Pisa, 

Rotterdam, St. Oedenrode, Stuttgart, Upie, Pisa, Villar les Dombes, Walsrode, Weert, Wuppertal 

89 90 91 92 93 94 Tot 


Not all zoos answered all questions 


Nr pairs surveyed 9 9 12 20 23 23 95 

Total 91-94 77 

(includes a group of unpaired egg-laying females in 1992, 1993 

and 1994) 

Nr pairs observed courting 9 9 9 9 13 11 60 

Total 91-94 19 

Nr pairs observed copulating - - 9 7 6 7 29 


Total 91-94 59 

Nr pairs hatching young 7 5 6 3 6 9 36 

Nr pairs rearing young 5 3 4 2 6 7 27 


Egg and young information 

89 90 91 92 93 94 Tot 






Nr eggs fertility unknown 17 11 16 11 23 26 104 


Nr eggs broken 10 5 14 8 11 22 70 


Nr eggs parent inc. - - 38 44 20 44 146 

Nr eggs parent hatched - - 8 6 6 10 30 

% parent hatched/inc. - - 21 13 30 23 21 

Nr chicks parent reared - - 5 5 5 7 22 

% parent reared/hatched - - 63 83 83 70 73 

Nr eggs other inc. - - 7 5 13 5 30 

Nr eggs other hatch - - 3 1 3 2 9 

% other hatched/inc. - - 43 20 23 40 30 

Nr other reared - - 0 0 2 2 4 

% other reared/inc. 0 0 0 0 67 100 44 



eggs laid only 12.4% hatched and only 8.3% of all eggs resulted in chicks reared. Successful 

incubation and rearing was achieved by both parents and artificial techniques. On the average 

almost one-fourth of all eggs were broken, and more than one-third were infertile. 


2.5 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTS 

Population Size 

The size of all three crowned pigeon EEP populations has generally increased throughout the years 

since the programs were initiated. This is primarily due to an increase in number of EEP 

participants rather an increase in reproduction or in importation from the wild, at least during the 

last years. Five pigeons have been exported out of the programs while a total of 135 have been 

imported into the programs between 1988-1994. 

Age Distribution 

In general the crowned pigeon populations have fewer young birds than is wished. The percentage 

of individuals for which age is known ranges from 34.8-44.9%, and it seems likely that many 

individuals with an estimated age are older than the age category to which they are allocated. This 

is supported by the difference in death rates between individuals of estimated and known age in the 

1 + -10 year age groups, particularly in G. scheepmakeri and G. victoria. 

Sex Ratio and Sex Determination 

The sex ratio of known sex individuals was fortunately close to 1:1 in all three species as of 31 

December 1994. The sex of the pigeons should be determined as quickly as possible to facilitate 

transfer of individuals. 

Founder Representation and Inbreeding 

All three species contained a reasonable percentage of founders and potential founders in the 

current population as of 31 December 1994, ranging from 32.3% in the G. scheepmakeri population 

to 47.2% in the G. cristata population. Founder representation is quite unequal in G. victoria and G. 

scheepmakeri. The relatively high number of birds with an inbreeding coefficient of > 0 is also of 

concern in the G. victoria population. 

Although inbreeding is currently not a problem in G. scheepmakeri, given that the population of 

this species is smaller and only a few founders well represented, the likelihood of future problems is 

great. However, strict and careful genetic management at this point can help to ensure that the three 

crowned pigeon populations remain genetically healthy. 

As reproduction has been fairly limited in all three crowned pigeon populations, it is reasonable at 

this time to assume that birds of "unknown" origin are in fact wild caught, particularly if the birds 

have been in captivity for a few years. Nonetheless, reproduction is improving, and non-European 

captive bred birds are now routinely offered for sale. It is therefore important to track birds of said 

"unknown" parentage to verify that they are indeed highly likely to be wild caught, as this 

assumption can not be made in the future. 

Births and Deaths 

The number of births generally exceeded the number of deaths in the G. scheepmakeri and G. 

victoria populations during the 1988-1992 period, but deaths exceeded births in the G. cristata 

population. The rate of adult death in the G. cristata population was extremely high compared to 

the other two species during the 1988-1994 period. 


A report on pathology of crowned pigeons appeared in Assink (1988). Unfortunately, insufficient 

information on death causes has been received from EEP participants since that time to improve our 

knowledge of current health problems. 

EEP Participants are strongly encouraged to have a post mortem examination undertaken in the 

event of a crowned pigeon death, and to send a copy of the post mortem report to the EEP 

Coordinator. 

It is however clear that trauma and bacterial and fungal infections play important roles in mortality 

of crowned pigeons. Three traumatic deaths were reported to be due to injuries inflicted by other 

avian species; in two cases by a pheasant and in the other case by a cassowary. Interactions with 

enclosure mates should be closely monitored. 

Although further analysis is necessary, it seems that birth rates have been higher during the summer 

months and higher during the May-October 6 month period than in the other 6 months of the year 

collectively, while the death rate has generally been lower during the same months. This is possibly 

related to climate, and it may be sensible to put the most effort into breeding crowned pigeons 

during the months that are warmer and have longer day-lengths (May-October). 

Reproduction 

An improvement in reproduction has clearly occurred in the G. scheepmakeri population in the last 

years, resulting in an increased proportion of zoos with reproduction, an increase in number of 

young hatched and an increased survivorship of young. 

The proportion of breeding pairs and number of young hatched has also increased in the G. victoria 

population, however survivorship of young has not increased much. Reproduction in the G. cristata 

population is particularly dismal, there is no improvement in any aspect of reproduction. Only 8.3% 

of all eggs laid by G. victoria and 6.8% of all eggs laid by G. cristata included in the 1988-1994 

survey resulted in chicks reared. 

Infertility of eggs is quite high in these two species; particularly in G. victoria. Infertility of G. 

victoria ranged between 41% and 59% in the years 1992-1994. Egg breakage has also been 

remarkably high, averaging 22% in G. victoria and 30% in G. cristata during the 1988-1994 period. 

Egg infertility and breakage were lower in the G. scheepmakeri population than in the other two 

groups. It is not clear why this is true, however any possible association with inbreeding should be 

investigated, given that inbreeding is least prevalent in the G. scheepmakeri population and highest 

in G. victoria. 

Certainly improvement in reproduction of all three species, particularly of under-represented live 

founders and potential founders is urgently needed. Greater effort by EEP participants in filling out 

the annual management questionnaire would be of much assistance in determining more 

specifically where reproductive problems lie and what aspects of management need the most 

attention to achieve this improvement. 



HUSBANDRY AND RESEARCH 

3.1 - 3.10 



3.1 CROWNED PIGEON IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION 

C. E. King and J. Nijboer 

It is not possible to optimally manage crowned pigeons without being able to identify individuals 

and monitor their activities, particularly concerning reproduction. The reproductive and 

management information collected from crowned pigeon holders annually is necessary to assess 

status and problems in the EEP. 

Unfortunately this information, particularly concerning eggs, has been rather incomplete. A form to 

facilitate egg registration by crowned pigeon EEP participants is therefore enclosed. The egg 

registration form is based on the form used at Rotterdam Zoo for the last five years, designed and 

refined with input from the bird keeping staff. It should thus be useful not only for analyses on the 

EEP level, but also for recording information that individual facilities will want to have for their 

own use. It is therefore recommended that EEP participants keep a copy of the completed form each 

year. 

An example of the form and instructions for filling it out are included here. It is recommended that 

holders make a photocopy of the empty original form sent, and use the photocopy for the 

registration, keeping the original copy for use as a template for additional pages and/or for the next 

years. The EEP Crowned pigeon coordinator can of course be approached for additional forms or 

further explanations about how to use the forms as necessary however. 

The most common means for individually identifying crowned pigeons is the leg ring. "Winged" 

rings are not recommended, as the thin shelled eggs laid by crowned pigeons could be damaged 

during incubation. A closed ring can be put on the chick at approximately two months of age. A 

ring with an internal diameter of 18 mm is suitable for most adult crowned pigeons; 16 mm rings 

may be better for some small individuals. 

Explanations of registration form categories 

Date laid or found: an "l" is noted by dates for which it is sure that the egg was laid within the last 

24 hours. An "f" is noted for eggs which the exact laying date is uncertain. This gives an indication 

of the reliability of the expected hatch date. 

I.D.% and I.D.&: Preferably the EEP studbook number of the birds is used, but the I.D. can also be 

ring or ISIS numbers or individual names etc. as long as the EEP studbook keeper can couple the 

local I.D. of the individuals with the EEP studbook number with certainty. 

Cage number: This can also be a cage name. This information is necessary for periodic analysis of 

husbandry and reproduction variables. 

Description nest site: a short description of the nest site is useful in later determining which sites 

are preferred and/or most successful. 

Type incubation and Results: Categories and abbreviations given at the bottom of the form. 

Remarks: This may include any information on the behaviour of the parents, appearance of the egg 

or the chick at hatching etc. that is of interest to the crowned pigeon holder. 

Est. hatch date: The estimated hatch date can be calculated from 28-30 day incubation period for 

crowned pigeons; 29 days is used at Rotterdam Zoo. The expected hatch date is placed at the end of 


the line of information for a given chick for easy application during nest checks. 



3.2 METHODS AVAILABLE TO EUROPEAN FACILITIES FOR SEXING 


C. E. King 

It is strongly advised that holders of crowned pigeons determine the sex of their birds as quickly as 

possible in order to facilitate transfers between institutions. At the same time, it is recognized that 

this is not always possible. For example, use of any technique that requires catching the bird is not 

advised during hot weather, as the stress involved in some cases has proven fatal. Some techniques 

that allow birds to be sexed at younger ages are for some institutions more difficult to arrange. 

Nevertheless, prompt sexing of birds included in the Crowned pigeon EEP should be strived for. 

Sources for the information included here are often not provided. If more information is desired the 

author may be contacted. 

CHROMOSOMAL BLOOD KARYOTYPING 

Method: 

A sterile blood sample of 0.5 to 2.0 ml is taken, usually from the wing. The blood is placed in 

Lithium-Heparin or Na-Heparin tubes and sent to the facility where it will be cultured and the sex 

chromosomes examined with a microscope. 

Invasiveness/risk: 

Requires catching the bird and physical immobilization while the wing is outstretched and the blood 

sample taken. 

Sampling procedure/difficulty: 

Blood sampling must be done very hygienically or culturing of the blood will fail; this is best done 

by an experienced technician or a veterinarian. Sampling instructions are provided or, if done by 

Rotterdam Zoo in some cases the Rotterdam Zoo technician can collect the samples. 

Shipping/storing: 

The Lithium-Heparin or Na-Heparin tubes needed for blood storage are usually available from a 

veterinarian. Samples must be at the culturing facility within three days; cooling of samples during 

transport is only necessary in very hot weather. Arrangements for receipt and processing must be 

made prior to delivery. 

Determination time: 

A minimum of 7 days is required, results are usually sent within two weeks. One zoo has reported 

that they experienced a waiting period of 2-3 months. 

Determination reliability: 

Results are reliable, but achieving results is dependant on culturing success. Failures occurred in 17 

(27%) of 63 attempts with crowned pigeons between 1990-1994 because of problems in blood 

culturing at Rotterdam Zoo. 

Age limitations: 

None, it just requires that the bird be large enough to obtain a minimum of 0.5 ml blood. 


Additional benefits: 

Data can be used for taxonomic research and determination of gross chromosomal abnormalities. A 

close inspection of the bird's physical condition is possible during handling. 

Availability: 

Currently available on routine basis from Rotterdam Zoo. Blood can be sent from anywhere in the 

world, as long as arrival is within three days. 

Costs per specimen: 

Rotterdam charges ca. US$ 18.00, + specimen shipment (express or special courier), OR + travel 

costs if the technician goes to facility to collect the specimens. 

Permit requirements: 

Permits according to regulations for CITES Appendix II birds and the regulations of the import and 

export countries involved; however Rotterdam Zoo has a import permit requirement waiver. 

CHROMOSOMAL DNA PROBE 

Method: 

A toenail is clipped a bit short and blood droplets collected in a 20ml capillary tube from a provided 

sampling kit. The blood is then placed in a vial of DNA preservative. The samples are sent to the 

appropriate laboratory where a DNA probe is used to identify sex-specific DNA sequences. 


Requires catching the bird and physical immobilization while the toenail is clipped and the blood 

sample taken. 


Blood sampling and storage preparation is quite simple, but requires a storage test kit distributed by 

the company undertaking the sexing. The sample must be hygienically taken. 


The blood sample is stable in the DNA preservative for months, thus immediate shipping and 

stringent planning for delivery arrangements are not required. The blood does not have to be kept 

cooled during storage or transport. 


Results are available within 3-4 weeks. 


Crowned pigeons have now been successfully sexed using this method. Reliability is not considered 

to be 100% at this time, as problems in sexing individuals do occur. However reliability is expected 

to improve as techniques are developed. Inadequate shaking of vials has resulted in determination 

failure in a few (less than 1%) of all avian samples sent to Vetgen Europe. 


None, it just requires that the bird be large enough to obtain the blood sample. 



Extra blood can be taken for storage in a gene bank for later individual identification and paternity 

determination as needed. A close inspection of the bird's physical condition is possible during 

handling. 

Availability: 

Currently available commercially from Zoogen in the US and Vetgen in England. Blood can be sent 

from any where in the world. 


Vetgen charges- These vary with the number of samples being processed. A sample kit for seven 

samples costs ca. US$ 11.30 (1.60/sample) + price of determination is ca. US$ 37.50 for one 

sample, dropping to ca. US$ 28.60 if 20 or more samples are sent simultaneously + express or 

special courier shipping charges. Sample kit costs are wavered for zoos. 



export countries involved. 

CHROMOSOMAL FEATHER PULP KARYOTYPING 

Method: 

An appropriate shipping container (can be provided by the laboratory) should first be solidly frozen 

for at least 24 hours and collection tubes cooled. A sterile collection of a large growing feather, 

preferably a tail or flight feather, or several smaller feathers is made and shipped to the laboratory 

in the frozen container. The pulp is cultured, and the sex chromosomes examined with a 

microscope. 


Requires catching the bird and physical immobilization while suitable feathers are removed. If no 

growing feathers are present some feathers may have to be removed and the bird caught a second 

time (or even third time) in ca. two weeks when the pulled feathers should be replaced by growing 

feathers. 


Sampling must be done hygienically and following specific directions or culturing of the blood may 

fail; however sampling by someone inexperienced is easily possible. 


Storage vials and packaging are sent by the company carrying out the sex determination. The 

feathers need to reach the culturing facility within two days; best results are achieved if reached 

within one day. Arrangements for receipt of the feathers should be made in advance, arrangements 

may have to be made more than once if two or more attempts to collect feathers are required. The 

feathers must remain refrigerated during transport. 


A minimum of 7 days is required, results are usually sent within two weeks. 


Results are reliable, but achieving results is dependant on culturing success. 



The bird has to be old enough to have growing feathers of some length, this is 3-4 weeks for 

Crowned pigeons. 


Data can be used for taxonomic research and determination of gross chromosomal abnormalities. A 

close inspection of the bird's physical condition is possible during handling. 

Availability: 

Currently available commercially from the Avian Genetic Sexing Laboratory in Bartlett, USA. 

Feather pulp sexing of Crowned pigeons is also reportedly available from the cellular biology 

department at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain), however no response from this 

facility was received to a query for more information about their services. Feathers can be sent from 

anywhere in the world, as long as arrival is within 2 days. 


Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain)- Cost per sample is US$ 50.00 + express or special 

courier shipping charges + cost of sample collection tubes. 



export countries involved. Avian Genetic Sexing Laboratory in Bartlett, USA has a import permit 

requirement waiver, it is not known whether the facility in Barcelona also has such a waiver. 

LAPAROSCOPY 

The bird is restrained, usually with anaesthesia. A small incision is made in the vicinity of the sex 

organs. A laparoscope is inserted into the body cavity, and the sex organs examined. Suturing of the 

incision is sometimes required. 


Is highly invasive; requiring catching the bird, immobilization (usually with anaesthesia) and minor 

surgery. Anaesthesia 

related deaths have been reported with crowned pigeons. 


This procedure is best carried out by an experienced veterinarian. 


No shipping or storing of samples is required, however the bird must be taken to a veterinarian 

clinic or clinical facilities must be available on site. 

Determination time: Immediate. 


Is dependant on age and sexual condition of the bird and experience of the veterinarian. Kaal (1981) 

reports that columbiform birds are more difficult to sex by laparoscopy than some other taxa, e.g. 

psittacines, because of problems in penetrating the abdominal air sac. The sac wall is highly elastic 


in pigeons, making it difficult to get a clear visual image of the sexual organs on the left side of the 

bird. 


Results are more reliable if procedure is undertaken on sexually mature birds, this is ca. 16 months 

in crowned pigeons. 


A close inspection of the bird's physical condition is possible during handling. Condition of internal 

organs can be checked simultaneously with the laparoscopy. One species committee member 

suggested that two additional benefits are that there is less chance of administrative errors because 

of the immediacy of this method, and that a transponder can be inserted into the incision at the same 

time. It should be noted that it has not been established where the best transponder site for crowned 

pigeons is however. 

Availability: 

Many zoos and or cities have a veterinarian that is qualified to carry out laparoscopic sexing 

procedures, and several European veterinarians specialized in this procedure travel to different 

facilities in order to sex birds, usually a number of them at the same time, by appointment. 


This can vary between ca. US$ 25.00-50.00, depending on the number of birds to be sexed and the 

veterinarian's individual charges. Travel expenses may also be added if the veterinarian goes to the 

facility to sex the birds. 


None, assuming that the bird is not transported internationally for sexing. 

BEHAVIOUR 

Method: 

Establish presence or absence of the "perch coo" and "bow coo/bow display" in the behavioral 

repertoire of the individual, as both behaviours are apparently primarily male displays (van R 

Rijn, 1995). 

Invasiveness/risk: Entirely non-invasive. 


The investigator must have a good familiarity with behaviour of crowned pigeons. 

Shipping/storing: Not applicable. 


Some individual males do not display these behaviours often, thus it is not possible to estimate the 

time investment required to establish presence or absence of the behaviours. Performance of the 

behaviours can be encouraged by placement of an unfamiliar male in the same or an adjacent cage. 



Current data indicate that a sexual difference in performance of these behaviours by crowned 

pigeons does occur. In-depth studies with other species indicate that females do at times perform 

primarily male displays however, thus a much more extensive study is necessary to assess 

reliability of this technique for crowned pigeons. 


Individuals are not expected to perform these behaviours before they are approaching sexual 

maturity (ca. 16 months), currently the age by which the behaviours should be present in the 

behavioral repertoire has not been established. 


A more general impression of behavioral responses useful in management of an individual can 

simultaneously be gathered. As suggested for laparoscopy, there may be less chance of 

administrative errors because of the immediacy of this method once the presence or absence of the 

behaviours in the repertoire is established. Sex determination is also presumably relatively easy to 

repeat. 

Availability: 

As of now, no one specialized in this technique is known. 


Currently unassessed, but minimal. 


None, assuming that the bird is not sent to another country for sex determination. 

MORPHOLOGY 

Method: 

Morphological measurements of individuals are made. 


Requires catching the bird and physical immobilization while the bird is measured. 


The investigator must have a good familiarity with size of crowned pigeons. 


Not applicable. 


Immediate. 


Current data on crowned pigeons and other Columbiform birds suggest that there are some 

differences in average size of males and females, but with considerable overlap among individuals. 

This is demonstrated by the following weight data for adult Goura cristata provided by D. Wetzel: 

Males: n=8, X= 2.1 kg, S.D.= 0.35, range= 1.70-2.66 kg 


Females: n=8, X=1.8 kg, S.D.= 0.49, range= 1.2-2.3 kg 

Male members of the Columbiformes generally have a longer and broader head, and a heavier crop 

area. It may be possible that some combination of morphological measurements could be used 

reliably to determine sex in the future, as is suggested for some other Columbiform birds. 


The age at which sexual differences in size is achieved is not known, however it is probable that 

differences are most obvious at, or approaching, sexual maturity (ca. 16 months). 


A close inspection of the bird's physical condition is possible during handling. As suggested for 

laparoscopy, there may be less chance of administrative errors because of the immediacy of this 

method, if calculations undertaken somewhere else are not required. 

Availability: 






CLOACAL INSPECTION 

Method: 

The inside of the cloaca is examined using a modified nose speculum as described in Miller and 

Wagner (1955). Males possess two conical papillae which terminate the sperm ducts (vas 

deferentia) The oviduct opening may be seen on the cloaca wall on the left side of females. 


Requires catching the bird and physical immobilization while the bird is examined. Extreme care is 

required when a bird in breeding condition, as a female with an egg in the oviduct could be injured 

by the procedure. The bird can first be palpated to check for presence of an egg. 


The investigator must have a good familiarity with pigeon anatomy and morphology of the cloaca 

and oviduct. 

Shipping/storing: Not applicable. 

Determination time: Immediate. 


Two experiments were carried out on 132 birds from 10 columbiform species of known sex, 91% of 

the birds were correctly sexed and sex was not determined for the other, probably sexually 

immature 9%. Sex was determined for another group of 203 individuals from 30 species for which 

the sexes were unknown. Sexes could be assigned to 93%, including the only two crowned pigeons 


attempted, two Goura cristata. Other, smaller papillae are present in the cloacal area of some larger 

columbiform species, but the authors did not think that these would be confused with the terminal 

papillae of the vas deferentia. 


Sexual differences are not obvious with sexually immature individuals (i.e. before ca. 16 months). 


A close inspection of the bird's physical condition is possible during handling. As suggested for 

laparoscopy, there may be less chance of administrative errors because of the immediacy of this 

method, if calculations undertaken somewhere else are not required. 

Availability: 






FAECAL STEROID ANALYSIS 

This technique has not yet proven to be reliable or cost effective for avian species. It seems to work 

far better for some taxa than others and its usefulness for sexing Columbiformes has not been 

established. 

SPECTROFLUOREMETRY ANALYSIS 

This is a recently described technique that is relatively non-invasive, requiring only a very small 

quantity of blood (e.g. after a toenail is clipped). The difference in total quantity of DNA per cell is 

measured, as more DNA is present in cells of males in most bird groups. This technique would not 

be applicable to groups in which in which the sex chromosomes are equal-sized, e.g. ratites, kiwis 

and secretary birds. The technique was successful in differentiating sexes of one species of love 

bird, however it has not been further tested. It is not at this time commercially available, and no 

response was received to a query about possible future availability. 

ULTRASOUND 

This technique is under development by the Institute for Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research, and 

will be tested on birds at Dresden Zoo. It is a relatively non-invasive technique, it requires only a 

short handling time and gives immediate results. 

──────────────────────────────────────── 

CONTACT PERSONS 

Chromosomal Blood Karyotyping 


Rob Belterman 

Rotterdam Zoo 

Postbus 532 

3000 AM Rotterdam 

The Netherlands 

Tel: (+31) 10 - 4431 411 

Fax: (+31) 10 - 4431 414 

E-Mail: Rob.Belterman@inter.NL.net 

Chromosomal DNA Probe 

Peter W. Scott, Veterinary Director 

Vetgen Europe 

P.O. Box 60, 

Winchester, Hampshire S023 9XN 

United Kingdom 

Tel: (+44)- 0962-880376 

Fax: (+44)- 0962-881790 

Zoogen, Inc. 

1105 Kennedy Place 

Suite 1 

Davis, CA USA 95616 

Codgene 

Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Identification Genetique 

11, rue Humann 

67085 Strasbourg Cedex 

France 

Tel: (+33)-88-35-78-59 

Fax: (+33)-88-24-00-85 

Chromosomal Feather Pulp Karyotyping 

Dra. Montserrat Ponsa 

Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 

Departament de Biologica Cel-lular 

Edifici C 

08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) 

Spain 

Tel: (+34) 3 581 10 33 / 3 581 18 39 

Fax: (+34) 3 581 20 03 

Mark B. Valentine 

Avian Genetic Sexing Laboratory 

6551 Stage Oaks Drive 

Suite A 

Bartlett TN, USA 38134 

Tel: (+1) 901-388-9548 

Spectrofluorometric Analysis 

A. Rous, H. Mendoza, A. Aguilera, S. Gonzales Gil, V. Lopes-Rodas and E. Costa 


Genetica Facultad de Veterinaria 

Universidad Complutense 

28040 Madrid, Spain 

Ultrasound 

Dr. Hildebrant 

Institute for Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research 

Postfach 1103 

D 10252 Berlin 

Tel: (+49) 30-5168-0 Fax: (+49) 30-5126104 

Laparoscopy 

Because laparoscopy is widely practiced by numerous veterinarians on a commercial scale it would 

be impossible to list all of these practitioners here. However if a zoo is unable to locate a veterinarian 

that can undertake sexing of birds the EEP Crowned Pigeon Coordinator and/or the EEP 

Executive Office will assist you in locating a candidate. 

LITERATURE 

Kaal, G. Th. F. 1981. Geslachtsbepaling bij vogels. Drukkerij Zomer, Arnhem. 

Miller, W.J. and F.H. Wagner. 1955. Sexing mature columbiformes by cloacal characters. Auk 72: 

279-285. 

van Rijn, M. 1995. Vergelijkend onderzoek naar het gedrag en de vocalisaties van kroonduiven 

(Goura). Unpubl. rept. 


3.3 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR AND VOCALIZATIONS OF 


M. van Rijn (summarized here by C. E. King) 

A six month project was carried out during 1995 to establish whether any noticeable differences in 

performance of ritualized displays of the three crowned pigeons exist. In total, ten pairs of Goura 

victoria, five pairs of G. cristata and three pairs of G. scheepmakeri were observed at four zoos and 

three private breeding facilities in the Netherlands. 

Courtship behaviours, behaviours associated with production of vocalizations and other social 

behaviours were observed and recorded using a video camera as possible. Vocalizations were also 

recorded using a cassette recorder with a directional microphone and amplifier. The base frequency, 

interval between calls and length of a call were determined for the three display coos (the nest coo, 

the perch coo and the bow coo) and the "contact call". Results of the study and detailed 

descriptions of the ritualized behaviours of crowned pigeons observed are reported in van Rijn 

(1995). 

Copulation of the crowned pigeons was found to consist of three phases: the pre-copulatory 

"Parading", actual copulation, and the post-copulatory excitement cry, often preceded by the bow 

display. 

Parading was observed to last between 30 seconds and five minutes. During Parading the male and 

female walk around each other in circles or the male walks after the female or the female walks 

around the man as he rotates in one location. Both animals shake their heads from left to right 

during the Parade and clap their bills. The clapping can be quite rapid or only occasional, and loud 

or soft. Although both birds generally clap the bill this was performed only by the male only a 

couple of times. 

The female solicits the male after Parading by crouching and pushing her tail under his breast. The 

male either mounts the female or continues to Parade until she solicits him again. The female holds 

her wings slightly out from the body to allow the male a more stable position during mounting and 

copulation. Some males were observed to intermittently continue head shaking during copulation, 

and often the male picks at the female's crown or head with his bill. 

After copulation is completed the male springs off of the female and usually performs the Bow 

Display. Both birds almost always perform the Excitement Cry after copulation. First the female 

makes this vocalization while picking in the direction of the male with her bill, and then the male 

performs the same behaviour towards her. This may continue several times until both birds begin to 

preen themselves. If a copulation attempt is interrupted before completion the birds usually begin to 

Parade again. 

Although some variation was observed in performance of the above described sequence of 

behaviours, the variation appeared to be due to individual differences between birds rather than 

species differences. Furthermore, no species differences were seen in the other pair-bond related 

behaviours, i.e. allo-preening, wing-twitching, nodding, billing and offering of nest material, that 

are typically performed by columbiformes (Goodwin, 1983). Although the "defensive-threat 

display" (Goodwin, 1983) was not observed in G. scheepmakeri during this study, performances by 

G. victoria and G. cristata did not differ. 


All three species were also seen to make "contact calls". The exact function of this vocalization, 

performed by both males and females, is not understood. It does not appear to be directed towards 

any particular object or individual. The contact call is a single, long vocalization made with the bill 

widely opened and sometimes accompanied by a rhythmic up and down movement of the tail, it is 

phonetically described by van Rijn as "whUUUU-Um". 

Emphasis was placed on the three "coo" vocalisations during this study. The nest coo is produced at 

the nest site or on the ground. The performer bows while producing the vocalization (phonetically 

described by van Rijn as "whroe-wOEhoew"), which is often preceded and/or followed by wingtwitching. 

The perch coo is produced while standing on the nest rim or on the ground. It consists of 

a series of short coos that are made while the performers's head is bowed. The bill is opened slightly 

and quickly closed again between the coos or at the beginning of each coo. This coo is phonetically 

described by van Rijn as "woe-rh-HOEb" 

The bow coo is always accompanied by the bow display. The head is deeply bowed during each coo 

(phonetically described by van Rijn as "WHOE-bhoep"), the widely spread tail is wagged and the 

wings are twitched. The bow display often follows copulation. Bow displays were also observed 

when a new male was put in an adjacent cage, when a keeper entered the performer's enclosure, and 

when a noisy school class passed by. 

The only species difference in these vocalizations that proved to be significant was for the bow coo: 

the interval between coos was significantly shorter for G. cristata than for the other two taxa. 

Sexual differences in displays were however noted: the perch coo and bow coo/bow display were 

only performed by males during observations. This are generally considered to be typically male 

columbiform displays, although some female columbiforms perform them as well, but less 

frequently, with frequency possibly depending on the species and individual. 

It was generally found that social behaviour of crowned pigeons did not differ much from that of 

other Columbiformes. However, vocalizations of the crowned pigeons are unusually low in 

frequency compared to vocalizations of most other pigeons; all vocalizations were recorded to have 

a base frequency between 145 and 190 Hz. 

Based on behaviours observed in this study, van Rijn concluded that conspecific, rather than 

congeneric status of the three Goura taxa is suggested; i.e. the three crowned pigeons are possibly 

all the same species. The author suggested that further research in more natural situations and 

among larger groups of animals may be useful. Play-back experiments could be helpful in 

determining the meaning of the different vocalizations in different contexts used by crowned 

pigeons, and whether taxa differences exist- e.g. whether vocalizations from one taxon are 

interpreted similarly by another taxon. 


3.4 CROWNED PIGEON INCUBATION AND REARING OPTIONS 


Crowned pigeons have relatively long incubation and nestling periods compared to many pigeons; 

the incubation period is 28-30 days and fledging normally occurs at c. 30 days of age. Self feeding 

has been observed shortly thereafter and entire independence is usually achieved within the first 

month post-fledging in captivity (Johst and Johst, 1961; Wetzel, 1992; T. Wiersma pers. comm.). 

Weight gain of three parent reared crowned pigeon chicks during the nestling period is provided in 

Figure 1. 

Figure 1: Growth curves of parent reared crowned pigeons 

1) Goura cristata (&) hatched 09 June 1989 at National Zoological Park Washington. Int. 

studbook nr. 1553; local ID 210755 

2) Goura cristata (%) hatched 16 January 1989 at National Zoological Park Washington. Int. 

studbook nr. 1545; local ID 210631 

3) Goura scheepmakeri (&) hatched 17 November 1993 at Rotterdam Zoo. EEP Studbook nr. 

9305; local ID 403485 

Because egg breakage or nest abandonment often occurs during parent incubation and rearing of 

crowned pigeons, several options to increase reproduction are being explored. Information that we 

have received on experiences with each of these options are summarized below. 

It would be very useful for crowned pigeon holders with additional experiences to submit this 

information to us so that these can add to the knowledge needed to optimally manage these birds. 


ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION AND EGG MANIPULATION 

Artificial incubation has been most successful at 37.5ΕC and 50-55 % relative humidity. The egg 

should be turned at least 2 times per day, and adequate hygienic measures should be taken. 

In some cases an egg may be removed from the parents because of a history of egg breakage or 

uncertainty about their willingness to take care of it. At the same time, it may be that the parents 

could rear the chick. In such cases the egg can be replaced by a "dummy" egg while the crowned 

pigeon egg is artificially incubated. Chicken eggs are used as dummy eggs at Rotterdam Zoo 

because it has been found that the pigeons accept these more readily than artificial eggs. If the 

dummy egg is well tended the crowned pigeon egg can then be returned to the parents and the 

dummy egg removed. This is undertaken once the chick has pipped internally (two days before 

hatching) at Rotterdam Zoo (T. Wiersma, pers. comm.). 

CHICK REARING 

Pigeons are much more difficult to rear than many other avian groups using artificial techniques. 

One great reason for this is that the crop milk produced by pigeons to feed their young is difficult to 

duplicate. Other factors important in artificial rearing protocols have also proved perplexing. 

Foster rearing by other crowned pigeons 

In institutions that hold multiple pairs of crowned pigeons possibilities to foster a chick to another 

pair may occur. To date, this seems to be by far the most reliable and efficient artificial rearing 

technique. Two crowned pigeons have been successfully reared at Rotterdam Zoo this way during 

1995; in one case a Victoria crowned pigeon was reared by an experienced pair of Scheepmaker's 

crowned pigeons and in the other case a Victoria crowned pigeon was reared by another Victoria 

crowned pigeon pair. The male of this pair was c. 3 years old and had no successful parental 

experience. 

Use of other crowned pigeons as foster parents requires that the foster parents have produced an egg 

in the same time period to ensure crop milk production by the foster parents at the proper time. The 

just laid egg of a pair of Victoria crowned pigeons at Rotterdam Zoo was replaced by their 

previously egg that had been incubated in a machine for some time. The egg hatched three days 

after being placed under the parents. Although the pair did brood and feed the chick, they were 

apparently unable to produce the crop milk, and the chick died seven days later, weighing only 45 

g. The chick had some seed in the stomach and crop, however malnutrition was thought to be the 

death cause. 

There is however some flexibility in the time frame in which eggs can be laid under foster parents: 

the egg of the Victoria crowned pigeon foster reared by the Scheepmaker's crowned pigeons 

mentioned above was laid nine days before the egg of the foster parents. The chick hatched after a 

normal incubation period of 29 days, thus some nine days before the chick of the foster parents 

would be expected. The fostered squab grew at an apparently normal rate and fledged at 30 days of 

age. This is the age at which the chicks produced by the Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon pair 

usually fledge; thus there was no difference between development of their own squabs and the 

foster chick. 


On the other hand, a G. victoria chick that was fostered to a two-female pair of G. cristata died at 

28 days of age. It had been observed that the crowned pigeon chick was abnormally small at three 

weeks of age, and that growth was further retarded during the last week of life. The cause of death 

was not established. The two females had already successfully fed a fostered Columba livia for nine 

days just prior to receiving the G. victoria squab; it is possible that a nutrient or immunoglobulin 

normally transmitted to the chick during the first week of life was received by the C. livia chick but 

not the G. victoria, making the latter chick more vulnerable to other problems. Further data on 

similar situations are necessary before any conclusions can be drawn (H. Weekers, pers. comm.). 

Foster rearing by another pigeon species 

No attempts to use other species as foster parents have been successful to our knowledge. H. 

Weekers (pers. comm.) has attempted using a series of C. livia racing pigeons as foster parents 

rather than just one pair to compensate for the longer nestling period of crowned pigeons. The 

chicks remained with one set of foster parents (whose own chick would have just hatched) for a 

week before being transferred to a fresh pair. This was attempted with some ten chicks, but each 

time failed with the third set of foster parents. This was thought to be because the chick was too 

large for the relatively smaller racing pigeons to brood. Although on each occasion an attempt was 

made at this stage to hand-rear the chick, none of these attempts were successful. 

Personnel at Dallas zoo experimented with using the "Giant Runt", the largest race of C. livia they 

could obtain, to rear one chick. Although the chick was fed by its adopted parents it died at four 

days of age because of a Candida infection (C. Siegel, pers. comm.). 

An attempt was made at Burger's Bush at Arnhem to rear a Victoria Crowned pigeon using a pair of 

Nicobar pigeons Caloenas nicobarica, but the chick died at 5 days of age. 

Hand rearing from hatching 

Hand rearing of crowned pigeons from hatching has had limited success. EEP institutions that have 

hand reared one or more chicks from hatching are Recanati and Mallorca. Institutions elsewhere 

include Dallas Zoo, Kansas City Zoo, San Antonio Zoo and St. Louis Zoo in the U.S. and Birds 

International Inc. in the Philippines. 

A variety of hand rearing diets and protocols have been attempted. Some information about 

experiences and diets has been published in articles (see the bibliography included in this studbook) 

and in the second International Crowned Pigeon Studbook (Wetzel, 1995). 

Institutions that have managed to rear crowned pigeons have generally not been entirely satisfied 

with their results. Typically during even successful hand rearing attempts veterinary problems are 

still encountered (crop stasis, dehydration, bacterial or yeast infections), the growth rate is 

depressed compared to parent reared chicks and the period until the chick eats entirely 

independently is prolonged. 

Birds International Inc. has been the most successful at crowned pigeon hand rearing; some 15 or 

more chicks (G. cristata and G. victoria) are reportedly reared there annually. 

Little information is available about the techniques and diet used at this facility; apparently good 

hygiene, a high brooder temperature and humidity, even well after hatching, are felt to be important 


factors there (B. Hiddinga pers. comm.). We are attempting to gather more information about 

techniques used at this facility. 

A systematic attempt to develop a reliable crowned pigeon hand rearing protocal is being 

undertaken at Rotterdam Zoo using a protocal developed in cooperation with the University of 

Utrecht for hand rearing of Columba livia. The first attempt in this effort was with a 

Victoria crowned pigeon squab (EEP-studbook number 9602). The artificially incubated egg 

hatched 6 April 1996. Once dry, the chick was moved to a (human baby) incubator initially 

maintained at 35 Ε C and 70% relative humidity. 

Special attention was paid to diet preparation: hard boiled eggs were homogenized and mixed under 

sterile conditions with lactic acid, calcium, dextrose and water to simulate crop milk composition. 

One ml of a starter culture containing Lactobacillus plantarum and six other species of bacteria 

isolated from crop milk of domestic pigeons and crowned pigeons was added to the food. The 

formula was fermented for 2 days at 20ΕC and then stored at -20ΕC. The frozen food was thawed 

and then warmed to a temperature of 35ΕC as needed. The squab was fed 3 times a day (8:00, 12:00 

and 16:00) ad libitum from a plastic film container covered with parafilm. A hole large enough for 

the chick to easily insert its bill was cut into the middle of the parafilm. It was found to be more 

efficient to prepare as many containers as were needed per feeding before each feeding, rather than 

refilling the same container several times during a feeding. Hygienic measures were taken to try to 

avoid other bacterial contamination during care of the bird. Weight gain of this squab is shown in 

Figure 2. 

The bird began breathing heavily at 23 days of age and was treated with the antibiotic Baytril 

(enrofloxacin) for 5 days because of suspected pneumonia. Although the squab's condition appeared 

to improve it developed a yeast infection at 27 days of age and was treated for this problem with 

Itraconazol. A bend in the left foot was observed at 28 days of age and radiographs revealed poor 

bone mineralization. The squab was again treated for a yeast infection at 34 days of age but died at 

39 days of age. The cause of death was attributed to insufficient response to the antibiotic and 

antifungal medication; insufficient bone mineralization, probably dietary related, is believed to have 

played a role. 

A protocal is already being developed for the next hand rearing attempt, this will involve dietary 

mineral changes. Changes in the feeding method will also be made to try to control the feeding rate 

in an attempt to lessen the chance of inhalation of food into the lungs, as this may have been cause 

of the breathing problems observed. 

Combination foster parenting and hand rearing 

A report has been received by T. Todd at Houston Zoo, concerning the until now successful rearing 

of a Victoria crowned pigeon chick initially fostered to a African collard doves Streptopelia 

roseogrises for four days. The chick was 24 days at the time of the report, with no observed medical 

problems. Hatching weight of the chick was 36 g. and weight at 24 days was 201.7 g. This chick 

was successfully reared (R. Plasse, pers. comm.) 

A Victoria crowned pigeon chick at Rotterdam Zoo was recently fostered to a pair of Pied imperial 

pigeons Ducula bicolor. Despite diligent efforts by the foster parents, their nest proved to be too 

small and the squab fell out of it when nine days of age. The chick's weight at this time was 110 g, 

much less than that of parent reared crowned pigeons shown in Figure 1. Examination of its faecal 

material indicated that the chick was already receiving seeds at this time. The chick was thereafter 


hand-reared; weight gain is shown in Figure 2. 

The initial hand-rearing diet and feeding technique was similar to that described above for the 

Victoria crowned pigeon chick hand-reared from hatching (EEP studbook 9602). The diet was 

gradually changed from fermented to non-fermented hard boiled egg; the non-fermented egg was 

introduced into the diet when the chick was 17 days of age. 

No crop stasis problems were encountered during hand rearing of this chick. Weight gain was 

steady, except during a several day period when the chick regurgitated its food and breathed 

heavily. It was thought to have contracted pneumonia caused by inhalation of food into the lungs 

and was accordingly treated with antibiotics. 

This chick was moved to a c. 12m 2 enclosure when 39 days of age. Two days later a Victoria 

crowned pigeon chick reared by a pair of Victoria crowned pigeons (but not its parents) that was 1 

month and 7 days older than the hand reared chick was placed in the enclosure as well. Weight gain 

of the hand reared chick from around this time was similar to that of the parent reared birds. 

Although the two young crowned pigeons were often observed sitting close to each other the 

presence of the independently eating chick did not seem to stimulate self feeding by the hand reared 

chick, or to discourage its tameness. The keepers reduced the amount of hand feedings to one per 

day without results when the chick was 2.5 months of age. When the chick reached three months of 

age more drastic measures were initiated: the chick was fed only once every other day. This 

resulted in the chick eating entirely independently within the week. Both young crown pigeons 

initially spent much time in the shrubbery but gradually came more frequently into the open; this 

was encouraged by pruning of the shrubbery by the keepers. 

Figure 2: Growth curves of hand reared crowned pigeons 


1) Goura Victoria (&) hatched 05 October 1995 at Rotterdam Zoo. EEP studbook nr. 9507; 

local ID 404455 (fostered to Ducula bicolor for the first 9 days) 

2) Goura Victoria (Unknown sex) hatched 06 April 1996 at Rotterdam Zoo. EEP studbook nr. 

9602; local ID 404594 (hand reared from hatching, died 15 May 1996) 


3.5 OBSERVATIONS ON NESTING FAILURES BY A PAIR OF 

SCHEEPMAKER'S CROWNED PIGEONS AT ROTTERDAM ZOO 

C. E. King, J. Nijboer and T. Wiersma 

A very reproductively successful pair of Scheepmaker's crowned pigeons at Rotterdam Zoo were 

observed to gain some idea of what constituted "good" parental care. During the study several 

mishaps with eggs or young occurred: during one breeding attempt an egg far in development was 

found on the ground. The keepers repaired the resulting crack in the egg and placed it in the 

incubator, The parents were given a chicken egg to incubate. The chicken egg was replaced by the 

crowned pigeon egg once the latter egg was internally pipped. The egg was accepted by the parents; 

the chick hatched and was successfully reared. In a later nesting attempt a chick three days of age 

was found dead with a its skin torn open. In still another nesting attempt a chick seven days of age 

was found dangling, caught on the side of the nest. The keepers returned it to the nest and the chick 

was reared without further problems. 

The nest was being observed by time lapse video during the last two incidences. It could be 

established that the accidents occurred when the female relieved the male for nest duty. Analysis of 

many nest exchanges between the pair revealed that intra-individual behaviour while getting on and 

off the nest was invariable, and that the two birds used almost opposite positions on the nest from 

each other to gain access and to vacate the nest. However, while the female backed off of the nest 

when she departed, the male turned in the nest before leaving the site. The accidents appear to have 

occurred as the male turned in the nest upon leaving. The placement of the nest in relation to 

perching availability and to the walls may have been the reason for difference in the two birds 

behaviour. 

The toenails of the male were abnormally long at the time of the above mentioned accidents, a 

condition that may very well have played a role in the occurrence in these accidents. Casual 

observations have indicated that many crowned pigeons in captivity tend to develop over-long 

toenails, possibly contributing to the high rates of crowned pigeon egg breakage (almost 25% of 

369 eggs during 1988-1992) and chick mortality (c. 50%) in European facilities. Causes of 

abnormally long nails (e.g. too soft a substrate) should be studied and the condition rectified to the 

extent possible. 

A study of nest site characteristics, particulary concerning accessibility (ease with which the parents 

can approach and depart), and associated parental behaviour would be useful in establishing 

whether the problems observed here are more widespread. The number and suitability of perches 

adjacent to the nest, the proximity of the nest to the perches and to the wall as well as nest depth 

are considered particularly relevant. 



3.6 DEVELOPMENT AND FEEDING OF A NESTLING 

SCHEEPMAKER'S CROWNED PIGEON 

C. E. King, J. Nijboer and T. Wiersma 

Morphological development and crop contents of a parent reared Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon 

chick, hatched 17 November 1993 (ISIS 403485, EEP studbook nr. 9305) were examined every two 

to three days from five days until 30 days of age (12 samples in total) at Rotterdam Zoo. 

Procedure 

The chick was removed from the nest by one of the area bird keepers. The crop of the chick was 

first palpated and an external visual inspection made to determine how full the crop was. Crop 

fullness was recorded using a scale of 0 to 4: 0- entirely empty, 1- a small amount of food present, 

2- lateral crop walls can still be touched against each other, 3- lateral crop walls can not be touched 

against each other but crop not fully distended, 4- crop fully distended. The consistency and 

composition of the crop contents (e.g. percentage water, seed, soft food) were estimated and 

described. Consistency was to be determined as: 0- watery, 1- soupy, 2- yoghurt-like, 3- a small 

amount of moisture, 4- solid. 

Crop samples were taken by gently inserting a c. 15 cm long soft rubber tube down the throat into 

the crop region. The tube had an internal diameter of 3 mm, an external diameter 5 mm, and the 

distal end was softly rounded by holding it for a short time above an open flame. Care was taken to 

place the end of the tube in the center of the crop rather than against the crop wall. Gentle suction 

was applied by sucking on the proximate end of the tube until c. 5-7 cm of the distal portion of the 

tube was filled with the crop contents. 

A visual inspection of the consistency of the sample and its constituents was made. The sample was 

smelled to determine degree of "sourness", and the pH was determined on four occasions. The crop 

samples were stored at -22 ΕC and at the end of 1994 were analyzed at the CLO Institute for 

Animal Nutrition in Leylestad, The Netherlands. The Berntrop method was used to determine fat 

content and the Kjedahl method was used for protein determination. 

Although it was considered preferable to sample the crop immediately after a feeding in order to get 

the most accurate representation of what was fed to the chick, this was rarely possible due to time 

constraints. With the exception of the last inspection, undertaken when the chick was 30 days of 

age, the length of time since the most recent feeding was unknown. On this last occasion less than 

15 minutes had elapsed since the most recent feeding. 12:15 was otherwise chosen for inspection, 

as previous studies of nestling feeding patterns of this particular pair of Scheepmaker's crowned 

pigeons (C. King, unpubl. data) indicated that the chick was likely to be recently fed at this time. 

In accordance with recommendations for measuring growth of mourning doves Zenaida macroura 

(Holcomb and Jaeger, 1978), tarsus length, tomium length and length of the second primary flight 

feather (when present) were measured during each examination. 

The squab was additionally weighed, and photographs were made to document plumage 

development. 

The behaviour of the parents and chick before, during and after the sampling procedure and the 

length of time that it took for the parents to again brood the chick was recorded on each occasion. 

Figure 1: Measurements taken on the nestling Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon 


Additionally, a single crop sample from another Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon 3.5 days of age 

(ISIS 403224, EEP studbook nr. 9306) hatched by the same parents on 11 May 1993 was analyzed. 

The chick had been accidentally killed at this age, and the body was refrigerated for two days 

before the crop contents were removed. Chemical analysis of the contents was performed at 

Nutricia N.V. (a baby food manufacturer) in Zoetermeer, The Netherlands. 

Results 

The chick died at 33 days of age on 20 December, the day after fledging. It apparently had become 

too chilled sitting on the ground and was unable to return to the ca. 2 m high nest. Special attention 

was paid to the appearance of the digestive tract during the post mortem examination to determine 

whether the crop sampling had injured the bird in any way. There was no indication that the bird 

had been harmed by the procedure. The bird was determined to be a female during necropsy. 

The male was always on the nest when the chick was removed for inspection and crop content 

sampling. Sometimes the female jumped on the nest as well when the investigators entered the 

vicinity. On two occasions, when the chick was 12 and 16 days of age, the male attempted to strike 

the keeper with his wings during removal of the squab, but generally he, and the female if also on 

the nest, flew off the nest when the door (ca 2 m from the nest) was entered. 

The male and/or the female was sometimes on the nest when the chick was returned. The parent(s) 

generally flew off the nest as the keeper closely approached, but it never took more than one minute 

for the parent(s) to return and begin brooding the chick. The female sometimes began brooding the 

chick first upon its return, but then the male later took over. 

The parents clumsily flew around during the first few examinations, hitting the wire, but thereafter 

responded more calmly with the exception of the ninth inspection when the chick was 23 days of 

age and someone entered the cage to make photographs of the nest just after the chick was returned. 

This alarmed the parents, they flew off the nest and inadvertently knocked the chick to the ground. 

Fortunately the chick was unharmed. 

The chick generally had more food in its crop at the time of inspection during the first half of the 

nestling period than during the second half: the average crop fullness on a scale of 0 to 4 was 2.7 

(S.D.=1.3, n=6) between days 5 and 16 and 1.5 (S.D.=0.7, n=6) between days 19 and 30 (Table 1). 


Table 1. 

Crop fullness and percent of crop contents as seed during sampling of a 

Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon chick (9305) from 5 to 30 days of age and 33 

days of age post mortem (PM). 

┌────────┬─────────┬────────────────┬────────┐ 

│Obs Nr. │ Age │ Crop Fullness │ % Seed│ 

├────────┼─────────┼────────────────┼────────┤ 

│ 1 │ 5 │ 3.5 │

Figure 2: Nutritional analysis of Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon crop contents 

Dry matter is shown as a percentage of total volume; protein, fat and sugars and ash are shown as 

percentages of dry matter. 

Figure 3: Trends in nutritional values of Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon crop contents 

Dry matter is shown as a percentage of total volume; protein, fat and sugars and ash are shown as 

percentages of dry matter. 

Nutritional values of the single crop sample from the other Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon squab 


(9306) are shown in Table 2. 

Table 2: Nutritional analysis of crop contents of a Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon squab 

3.5 days of age. 

┌─────────────────────────────┬────────┐ 

│ Dry matter 37,65 % │ │ 

├─────────────────────────────┼────────┤ 

│ As percentage of dry matter:│ │ 

│ Crude protein │ 49.9 │ 

│ Crude fat 

│ Carbohydrates and ash 

│ 43.3 

│ 6.9 

│ 

│ 

│ Ca 

│ 0.85 │ 

│ P 

│ 0.93 │ 

│ Cl 

│ Na 

│ 0.90 │ 

│ 0.34 │ 

│ Mg 

│ 0.06 │ 

│ K 

│ 0.03 │ 

└─────────────────────────────┴────────┘ 

Growth of the Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon chick 9305 by weight is shown in Section 3.4, Figure 

1; and other morphological measurements are presented here in Figure 4. 

Figure 4: Growth measurements of a Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon 

Conclusions and Discussion 

Weight increase of the squab followed here is in line with that recorded at National Zoo for a parent 

reared sibling male and female G. cristata hatched 16 January 1989 and 9 June 1989 respectively 

(see section 3.4, Figure 1). 

Growth of the Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon chick was also recorded using other measurements 

besides weight gain, as crop contents in studies of weight gain in hand rearing trials with C. livia at 


Rotterdam Zoo sometimes comprised half of the weight of a squab. Two different measurements 

were used for tarsus, these generally correlated well. 

There was no trend observed toward an increasing amount of seed or other adult food items being 

fed to the chick by the parents with increasing nestling age; the sample at 30 days in which seed 

was estimated at 5% of crop contents was made not only just after the chick had been fed but also 

soon after the parents themselves had recently eaten. As a substantial portion of the crowned pigeon 

diet at Rotterdam Zoo consists of "soft food", it was surprising that no "soft food" items were 

recognizable in the crop contents. Perhaps these were dissolved the "liquid" portion of the crop 

contents. 

Some 40% of the chick's stomach contents was estimated to be seeds during the post mortem 

examination while only 5% of the crop sample at this time was estimated to contain seeds. It is 

possible that the chick picked up some or most of the seed on its own, as it had recently fledged. It 

is assumed that seed would take longer to digest than would crop milk, if it could be digested at all 

at this age. 

As most of the diet appeared to be comprised of crop milk it was not surprising that levels of fat, 

protein, carbohydrates and ash as percentage of dry matter did not vary greatly throughout the 

nestling period. Although percent dry matter was 14% at day 5 in this series of observations (rising 

to 37% at day 30), percent dry matter was 37.7% at 3.5 days of age the one sample of the crop 

contents of the other chick (9306) shown in Table 2. It may be that percent dry matter did not vary 

that much, but that the level found in the sample was dependent on stage of absorption. 

The suggestion here that crop milk comprises most of the diet fed to a crowned pigeon by its 

parents, even possibly after fledging, is supported by an observation from R. Roosen (pers. comm). 

He noted that a G. victoria chick still received crop milk at 35 days of age, as the crop milk could 

be seen trickling down the side of the chick's bill during a feeding session. Nonetheless, more data 

are needed to confirm whether this is a feeding pattern characteristic of Goura. 

Although it has generally been observed that columbid nestlings get what the parents eat, with the 

addition (usually) of a little crop milk, by the time that they are half-fledged (Goodwin, 1983), the 

findings here are in agreement with a recent study by Bancroft and Bowman (1994). 

These authors suggested that crop milk constitutes a major portion of the diet throughout the 

nestling period of frugivorous columbids and that frugivorous species continue to supplement the 

diet of their young with crop milk even after the young have fledged, based on a dietary study of 

nestling White-crowned pigeons Columba leucocephala. 

It is suggested that by Bancroft and Bowman (1994) that this feeding pattern is an adaptation to a 

lower protein level in a frugivorous diet in comparison to a graniverous diet. It is known that 

different types of columbids have different growth patterns (e.g. Robertson, 1988), it would also not 

be surprising that they would also have feeding strategies adopted to their particular growth 

requirements. As most artificial rearing protocols are based on knowledge of C. livia, which usually 

does indeed begin feeding seeds and other adult food items to its chicks within the first week of 

age. It may be that this dietary difference has made it difficult to adapt rearing strategies for C. livia 

to crowned pigeons. 

Although the fact that the crop was usually fuller at the time of inspection during the first half of the 

nestling period may have been due to chance cannot be excluded, it is thought that the parents kept 

the crop fuller during the first part of the nestling period, as at day 30 the crop 


fullness was only registered as "1" despite the fact that the chick had been fed within the last 15 

minutes. Feeding frequency and amount fed are possibly important considerations in development 

of hand rearing techniques. 

In view of the extensive nestling period of crowned pigeons, it may be that differences in aspects of 

parental care in addition to feeding may also be important in developing sound alternative rearing 

methods. For example, it has been found that Mauritius pink pigeons Columba mayeri foster reared 

by the more quickly developing ringed doves Streptopelia risoria develop better when kept in a 

very warm room. This is because the foster parents leave the Mauritius chick uncovered at an 

earlier age than what the chick would experience with parent rearing (C.R. Lind, pers. comm.). 

It was not surprising that the male was always on the nest at the time of examination, as male 

columbids normally incubate from mid morning until one to three hours before dusk (Goodwin, 

1983). The parents became markedly calmer after the examination procedure was carried out a 

couple of times. There was no indication that the apparently accidental death of the chick was a 

result of parental neglect, or that parental care towards the chick was altered because of the study, 

based on casual observations and time of fledging. The chick fledged during the winter on 19 

December; it is thought that a draft from the door leading to the outside enclosure simply made the 

inexperienced chick too cold to fly up to the nest. 

Observations of nesting behaviour of these parents indicate that their parental behaviour is quite 

hard-wired, thus it would not be expected that they would brood the chick on the ground. This is in 

fact a somewhat similar problem to that mentioned above regarding fostering of Mauritius pink 

pigeons to ring doves, in which the age of the chick at which the ring doves leave the chick 

uncovered appears to be hard-wired rather than based on individual needs of the chick. 

The accidental death of the other Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon chick for which the crop contents 

were analyzed (EEP studbook number 9306) during a nest exchange (see husbandry research 

section) was apparently not noticed by the parents for some time, as their behaviour proceeded as 

normal for a couple of hours. This is considered a further demonstration of the inflexibility of their 

behaviour. 

References 

Bancroft, G.T. and R. Bowman. 1994. Temporal patterns in diet of nestling White-crowned 

pigeons: implications for conservation of frugivorous columbids. Auk 111(4):844-852. 

Goodwin, D. 1983. Pigeons and Doves of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 

Holcomb, L.C. and M. Jaeger. 1978. Growth and calculation of age in mourning dove nestlings. J. 

Wildl. Manage. 42(4):843-844. 

Robertson, H.A. 1988. Interspecific variation in growth of British pigeons Columbidae. Ibis 

130:261-267. 


3.7 A FIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF CROWNED 

PIGEONS Goura spp. AND BIRDS-OF-PARADISE Paradisaea spp. IN IRIAN JAYA, 

INDONESIA 

A proposal for an eleven month field project has been developed by the IUCN/SSC Trade Specialist 

Group in support of the CITES Significant Trade Project. Sections of the proposal have been 

reproduced below. The total budget requested is US$79,740. To date US$16,600 has been raised. 

As absolutely no attempts have been made to establish the status of crowned pigeons and little is 

known about their life history, this project would be very useful. 

Project Abstract 

The three species of crowned pigeons, Goura cristata, G. victoria and G. scheepmakeri are 

spectacular terrestrial birds that are endemic to New Guinea and some of its satellite islands, where 

they inhabit lowland forests. They are hunted for food, sport and plumes and are caught for trade in 

most accessible parts of their range and have been extirpated from areas near human habitation. 

There is growing concern that, as development proceeds in New Guinea, these magnificent birds 

will disappear from areas that are unprotected. Ornithologists familiar with New Guinea believe 

that Goura pigeons are among the most threatened birds in Melanesia. 

Goura are protected from commercial trade by legislation in both Indonesia and Papua New 

Guinea. All three species have considerable commercial value and are prized by aviculturists 

throughout the world. In view of the recent proliferation of bird parks in Southeast Asian countries, 

the demand for Goura may now be increasing: in 1992, large numbers were observed at parks in 

Asia. As a result of concerns about the possible impact of this trade, Goura cristata was included in 

the 1991 list of CITES Significant Trade species. 

Very little is known about Goura pigeons. In order to assure the survival of Goura, it is essential 

that more information be collected on their population distribution, habitat requirements, diet, 

breeding requirements and seasonality, movements. This project proposes to investigate these 

parameters, for two of the species, Goura cristata and G. victoria, during seven to eight months of 

field work in Irian Jaya. This information would assist in the preparation of conservation and 

management recommendations, and may also benefit the management of captive populations, hence 

reducing the demand for wild birds. Although many hundreds of Goura have entered international 

trade, captive population trends indicate an overall decline in numbers. hence, the maintenance of 

captive populations in many institutions presumably relies on the import of wild-caught birds. 

Little is known about the trade in bird-of-paradise skins in Indonesia, which is largely directed to 

satisfy the demands of the domestic market. In Indonesia, skins of birds-of-paradise, in particular 

those of the genus Paradisaea, are bartered or used as a form of currency. These birds-of-paradise 

are thought to be relatively common in most parts of their range, but since their present status and 

levels of exploitation are undocumented, it would seem appropriate to collect as much information 

on those species that are exploited during the course of surveys for Goura pigeons, which occupy 

much the same range in terms of both habitat types and altitude. 


Project Objectives 

The primary objectives of this project will be to: 

Assess the present distribution and status of Goura 

cristata and Goura victoria in Irian Jaya, and to estimate minimum and maximum population sizes, 

based on population densities in different habitats and under different levels of exploitation, and a 

assessment of the extent of different habitats; 

Investigate the trade and hunting in Goura in order to quantify levels of exploitation, post-capture 

mortality rates and the source areas of birds in trade; 

Provide recommendations for the management and conservation of Goura; 

Establish the methodology, base-line data and a framework for long-term monitoring of Goura 

populations in New Guinea; 

Provide training to Indonesian scientists and field personnel; and 

Make a provisional assessment of the status of and extent of trade in birds-of-paradise of the genus 

Paradisaea. 


3.8 NUTRITION OF CROWNED PIGEONS 

A. Hallebeek and J. Nijboer 

INTRODUCTION 

Little is known about feeding habits and specific nutritional needs of crowned pigeons (Goura sp.). 

It is known from observations in New Guinea that these birds eat various fruits and seeds (Rand, 

1967; Bell, 1982), however more specific information on the natural diet is not available. Nutritional 

recommendations for crowned pigeons, as for any group of animals, should be based upon 

scientific knowledge if possible. As this knowledge is not available for crowned pigeons, 

information on the nutritional requirements for poultry published by the National Research Council 

(NRC, 1984) and data for other avian species (Robbins, 1993; Holsheimer, 1980; Meyer, 1993) can 

be drawn on to formulate dietary recommendations. 

Crowned pigeons appear to be more frugivorous than their better studied relative the domestic 

pigeon. Much more is known concerning the nutritional requirements of the latter columbiform. 

The domestic pigeon Columba livia is considered to be graniverous, and is commonly fed a mixture 

of grains, seeds and legumes. Grains and seeds primarily provide carbohydrates, seeds have a high 

fat-content and legumes serve as a protein source (Meyer, 1993). 

Energy Requirements 

Generally, food intake of birds fed free choice is equivalent to their energy requirements. 

Consequently, it is possible to regulate the intake of all nutrients by including them in the diet in 

specific ratios to available energy. The most common measurement of available energy in poultry 

nutrition is metabolizable energy (ME); this measurement can also be applied to pigeons, including 

crowned pigeons. Hereafter in the article the metabolizable energy per kg dry matter of food ration 

will be denoted as "ME-kg-DM". 

Daily energy requirements depend on the basal metabolism rate, daily activity, thermoregulation 

and heat increment of feeding. The daily energy requirements for maintenance of chickens of one, 

two and three kg body weight with low, medium and high activity levels during exposure to four 

different ambient temperatures are listed in Table 1 in kilojoules (kJ). 

(1000 kilojoules (kJ) = 1 Megajoule (MJ) = 238 kilocalories (kcal); 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ) 

Table 1: 

Daily energy requirements for birds with body weights of one, two or three kg 

exposed to ambient temperatures of 0ΕC, 10ΕC, 15ΕC and 20ΕC (Holsheimer, 

1980). 

Low Activity kJ Medium Activity kJ High Activity kJ 

kg 

0Ε 10Ε 15Ε 20Ε 0Ε 10Ε 15Ε 20Ε 0Ε 10Ε 15Ε 20Ε 

1 837 753 711 669 1117 1004 950 891 1674 1506 1423 1339 

2 1406 1268 1197 1125 1879 1690 1594 1502 2816 2536 2393 2251 

3 1905 1716 1622 1527 2542 2289 2161 2036 3817 3435 3243 3051 

The energy requirement for broiler chickens from 6-8 weeks is 14.9 MJ ME-kg-DM/day, for laying 

hens it is 13.5 MJ ME-kg-DM/day, for turkeys 13.0-15.4 MJ ME-kg-DM/day and for pheasants it is 

12.6-13.0 MJ ME-kg-DM/day (NRC, 1984). 


Protein Requirements 

Proteins are composed of different amino acids. It is well recognized that amino acid requirements 

for poultry are positively related to the rate of growth and intensity of egg production. Adult males 

have a very low requirement in comparison to laying hens, even though body size of males is 

actually greater and feeding consumption is about the same. 

The daily protein requirement in crude protein (CP) for birds is 2.29 - 1.69 g CP/kg BW 0.75 , where 

BW = body weight (Holsheimer, 1980; Robbins, 1993). It is believed that the percentage protein 

should be raised in warmer environments and lowered in colder environments, in accordance to 

expected differences in feed/energy intake, so that a certain daily intake of amino acids is assured. 

The requirements of protein and amino acids for some galliforms are listed in Table 2 and 3. 

Table 2: 

Energy and Crude Protein requirements of some gallinaceous birds of various 

ages for growth, maintenance or production (NRC,1984) 

Age 

MJ/ g/MJ b %CP 

ME-kg-DM a ME-kg-DM c 

Chicken 

broiler 

6-8 wks 14.9 13.4 20 

Laying chicken 13.5 11.9 16 

Turkey 0-4 wks 13.0 23.9 31 

4-8 wks 13.5 21.4 29 

8-12 wks 13.9 17.6 24 

12-16 wks 14.4 14.7 21 

16-20 wks 14.9 12.3 18 

20-24 wks 15.4 10.1 15 

adult 13.5 9.9 13 

laying hen 13.5 11.6 14 

Pheasant 0-6 wks 13.0 25.6 33 

6-20 wks 12.6 14.1 18 

a : Energy requirements of some galliforms at different ages in MJ/ME-kg-DM 

b : Amount of protein in grams that 1 MJ should contain 

c : Percentage of Crude Protein that 1 kg-DM should contain (= MJ/kg DM X g/MJ = g/ME-kg-DM 

: 10). 


Table 3: 

Amino acid requirements for laying chicken hens (13.5 MJ ME-kg-DM), broiler 

chickens six to eight weeks of age (14.9 MJ ME-kg-DM) and non-reproductive 

adult turkeys (13.5 MJ ME-kg-DM) in g/MJ (NRC, 1984). 

Broilers 6-8 wks 

in grams 

Laying hens 

grams 

Turkeys 

grams 

Arginine 0.74 0.56 0.49 

Histidine 0.19 0.13 0.21 

Isoleucine 0.45 0.41 0.37 

Leucine 0.74 0.60 0.41 

Lysine 0.63 0.53 0.41 

Methionine 

+cystine 

0.45 0.45 0.32 

Methionine 0.24 0.26 0.16 

Phenylalanine+tyrosine 

0.74 0.66 0.66 

Phenylalani-ne 0.40 0.33 0.33 

Threonine 0.51 0.37 0.33 

Tryptophan 0.13 0.12 0.08 

Valine 0.46 0.45 0.41 

Vitamin and mineral requirements 

Vitamins are generally classified in two categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and watersoluble 

vitamins (B-complex and vitamin C). Vitamin C is synthesized by poultry and is 

accordingly not considered as a required dietary nutrient. As the caeca (appendices) of the 

gastrointestinal tract of pigeons are rudimentary, the production of B-complex vitamins that occurs 

may be insufficient. Diets fed to domestic pigeons are generally supplemented with Vitamins A, D, 

B6 and B12 (Meyer, 1993). 

Some recommended vitamin and mineral levels for domestic pigeons and poultry are provided in 

Table 4. Minerals are required for the formation of the skeleton, as parts of hormones or as 

activators of enzymes and for the proper maintenance of necessary osmotic relationships within the 

body of the bird. 

Pigeons 

Protein levels of mixtures fed to domestic pigeons average 11.7 g CP MJ ME-kg-DM during the 

breeding season, and 9.8 g CP/MJ ME-kg-DM during the winter, while the energy content of the 

mixtures is more or less the same 11.8 - 12.6 MJ ME-kg-DM. The mixtures are to be supplemented 

with vitamin A, D, B6 and B12 (Meyer, 1993). 


Table 4: 

Recommended vitamin & mineral dietary levels for pigeons & poultry, 

calculated per MJ ME-kg-DM. 

pigeon a pigeon b broiler 6-8 

wks c1 

laying 

hen c2 

Vit A (IU) 143 400 112 329 329 

Vit D (IU) 35.9 90 15 74 74 

Vit E (IU) 0.96 2 0,74 0.82 0.82 

Vit K (mg) 0.05 

Vit B1 (mg) 0.17 0.2 0.13 0.16 0.16 

Vit B2 (mg) 0.36 0.24 0.27 0.21 0.21 

Vit B6 (mg) 0.31 0.24 0.19 0.37 0.25 

Vit B12 (mg) 0.86 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.22 

turkey c3 

Biotin (mg) 0.01 0.0074 0.012 0.008 

Niacin (B3) (mg) 2.4 2.4 0.82 0.82 3.3 

Folacin (mg) 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.06 

Panto-acid (B5) 

(mg) 

1.67 0.72 0.74 0.82 0.74 

Choline (mg) 112.3 70 37.3 65.9 

Ca (g) 0.5-0.8 0.8 0.6 2.8 0.4 

Cl (mg) 70 

K (g) 0.19 0.22 0.12 0.33 

Mg (mg) 50 40 40 0.05 

Na (g) 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.1 

P (g) 0.29-0.38 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 

Co (mg) 0.0095 

Fe (mg) 7.2 6 4.9 4.1 

I (mg) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Cu (mg) 0.33 0.6 0.7 4.9 

Mn (mg) 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.9 

Se (mg) 0.0096 0.01 0.008 0.02 

Zn (mg) 3.6 3.0 5.4 3.3 

Ca : P 2:1 1:1-3:1 2:1 9.3:1 2:1 

a Holsheimer (1980): Requirements for growth and breeding. 

b H.Meyer (1993): Maintenance requirements for pigeons, diet with 10 MJ ME-kg-DM feed. 

c1 NRC (1984): Broilers 6-8 wks, 14.9 MJ ME-kg-DM feed. 

c2 NRC (1984): Laying hen, 13.5 MJ ME-kg-DM feed. 


c3 NRC (1984): Turkey maintenance, 13.5 MJ ME-kg-DM feed. 


Poultry versus pigeons 

Amino acid recommendations for crowned pigeons are given in Table 5 and vitamin and mineral 

recommendations in Table 6. The calcium requirement for laying hens is determined by the eggproduction. 

The recommended calcium level for non-breeding pigeons is 0.8 g/MJ ME-kg-DM 

(Meyer, 1993), however a level of 1.0 g/MJ ME-kg-DM seems more appropriate during the 

breeding season. It is important that the calcium to phosphorous ratio (Ca:P) is between 1:1 - 3:1 

(for laying hens 3:1 is preferred). 

The high zinc (Zn) recommendation for laying chicken hens might not be necessary for crowned 

pigeons, and it is thought that levels suggested for turkeys would be more appropriate. 

Contrarily, the recommended level of copper (Cu) for turkeys is very high, the lower level 

suggested for laying hen is possibly better for crowned pigeons. 

The niacin recommendations for growing turkeys, pheasants and geese appears to be higher than for 

chickens; high niacin levels were also recommended by Meyer (1993) and Holsheimer (1980) for 

pigeons. 

The results of a questionnaire diet survey (Crowned pigeon nutrition survey : see 3.9) showed that a 

great variety of diets has been given to crowned pigeons in Europe. 

The energy contents of the diets lay between 5.9-10.6 MJ ME-kg-DM. The Crude Protein was 

between 13.2-39.9 g/MJ ME-kg-DM. The vitamin and mineral content of the diets also varied 

widely. Many diets were low in biotin, niacin, calcium, manganese and zinc. Other vitamins or 

minerals were also possibly too low in one or more diets. The conclusion drawn from the survey 

was that, considering the disappointing breeding results, more attention should be given to the diets 

of crowned pigeons. 

CROWNED PIGEON FEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS 

Because most crowned pigeons are fed ad libitum, calculation of recommendations in MJ ME is 

most useful. Diets must be suitable for both males and females, as pairs are generally fed together. 

Although some recommendations are given for breeding and non-breeding periods, crowned 

pigeons in any facilities do breed year round, and thus pairs of adult birds should be constantly 

offered a breeding diet. 

Suggested crowned pigeon diet nutrient levels 

Energy: 11 - 15 MJ ME-kg-DM (=2600 - 3750 kcal ME-kg-DM) 

Protein: Maintenance 9-11 g CP/MJ (=37.8 - 46.2 g CP / 1000 kcal) 

Reproduction 11-14 g CP/MJ (=46.2 - 58.8 g CP / 1000 kcal) 


Table 5: Recommended amino acid range for crowned pigeons in grams (based on Table 

3; diet containing 13.5 - 14.9 MJ ME-kg DM (3214 - 3547 kcal/ ME-kg-DM)). 

┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ 

│Arginine 0.49 - 0.74 │ 

│Histidine 0.14 - 0.21 │ 

│Isoleucine 0.37 - 0.45 │ 

│Leucine 

│Lysine 

0.41 - 0.74 

0.41 - 0.63 

│ 

│ 

│Methionine+cystine 0.32 - 0.45 │ 

│Methionine 0.16 - 0.26 │ 

│Phenylalanine+tyrosine 

│Phenylalanine 

0.66 - 0.74 

0.33 - 0.40 

│ 

│ 

│Threonine 0.33 - 0.51 │ 

│Tryptophan 0.08 - 0.13 │ 

│Valine 0.41 - 0.46 │ 

└────────────────────────────────────────┘ 

Table 6: 

Suggested vitamin and mineral levels for crowned pigeons calculated per MJ 

based on laying hens and turkeys (NRC, 1984) 

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ 

│ 

Reproduction Maintenance │ 

│ Vit A (IU) 329 329 │ 

│ Vit D (IU) 74 74 │ 

│ Vit E (IU) 0.82 0.82 │ 

│ Vit B1 (mg) 0.16 0.16 │ 

│ Vit B2 (mg) 0.21 0.21 │ 

│ Vit B6 (mg) 0.37 0.25 │ 

│ Vit B12 (mg) 0.3 0.22 │ 

│ Biotin (mg) 0.01 0.008 │ 

│ Niacin (B3) (mg) 2.14 2.14 │ 

│ Folacin (mg) 0.03 0.06 │ 

│ Panto-acid (B5) (mg) 0.82 0.74 │ 

│ Choline (mg) 70 65.9 │ 

│ Ca (g) 1.0 1.0 │ 

│ K (g) 0.12 0.33 │ 

│ Mg (mg) 40 0.05 │ 

│ Na (g) 0.12 0.1 │ 

│ P (g) 0.3 0.2 │ 

│ Fe (mg) 4.9 4.1 │ 

│ I (mg) 0.03 0.03 │ 

│ 

│ 

Cu (mg) 

Mn (mg) 

0.7 

4.9 

0.7 

4.9 

│ 

│ 

│ Se (mg) 0.008 0.02 │ 

│ Zn (mg) 3.3 3.3 │ 

╞════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡ 

│ Ca : P 1:1-3:1 2:1 │ 

└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 


LITERATURE 

Bell H.L.: A bird community of lowland rainforest in New Guinea. 1 Composition and density of 

the avifauna. Emu; 82 1982. 

Holsheimer J.P.: Voeding van vogels. Thieme & cie. Zutphen 1980. 

Meyer H. Bronsch K. Leibetseder J.: Supplementen zu vollesung und Übungen in der Tierernährung 

8. überarbeitete Auflage. Verlag M&H. Schaper Alfeld-Hannover 1993. 

National Research Council (NRC): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Academy of 

Sciences Washington DC 1994 

Rand A.L. Gilliard E.T.: Handbook of New Guinea Birds. Weidenfeld and Nicolson London 1967. 

Robbins Ch. T.: Wildlife feeding and nutrition. 2nd ed. Ed.T.J.Cunha. Academic Press Inc. San 

Diego California 1993. 



3.9 CROWNED PIGEON NUTRITION SURVEY 

A. Hallebeek and J. Nijboer 

A questionnaire to ascertain composition of crowned pigeon diets was sent to all EEP participants 

in 1995. Eighteen responses were received, from these 14 had enough data to be included in the 

analyses. A summary of the findings and conclusions is provided here. 

Foodstuffs Used in Crowned Pigeon Diets 

The ingredients included in the 18 diets are listed below. The number in brackets after an item 

indicates the number of diets that the item appeared in. 

Fruit: unidentified (6), apple (9), pear (3), banana (6), raisin (2), tropical fruit mix (1), 

orange (2), kiwi (2), strawberry (1), grapefruit (1), berry (2), grape (2), melon (1), 

plum (1) 

Vege- unidentified (2), tomato (3), cucumber (2), carrot (3), 

tables: endive (1), lettuce (2) 

Bread/ rice (7), grain mixture (7), sunflower seed (4), 

Starch: corn(6), bread (1), potato (1), lentil (1), wheat (3), dried grass mix (1), pea (1), 

millet (1), oat (1) 

Meat/ boiled egg (5), mealworm (3), cottage cheese, curd (2), 

Dairy: tofu (1), cooked meat (1), 1-day old broiler chicken (1), shrimp (1), fish (1), 

cheese (1), horse meat (1), minced meat (1) 

Commer- pheasant (2), insectivorous-softbill (7), pigeon (6), 

cial 

dog (5), chicken (2), canary seed (1), floating duck pellets 

foods (1), pheasant pellets (Galli (1), Simial (1), Gallus 3+4 (1) 

Home-made ingredients not specified, primarily available 

mixture: for another group of birds (5) 

Vitamins/ commercial mixture (6) 

minerals: 

Table 1: 

Range in energy (MJ ME-kg-DM), protein (CP), fat (CF 1 ), fibre (CF 2 ) and 

Ash (CA) of 14 analyzed diets. 

RANGE MEAN SD 

ENERGY (MJ ME-kg-DM) 5.9 - 10.7 9.4 1.4 

CP (g/MJ ME-kg-DM) 13.2 - 39.9 19.3 6.4 

CF 1 (g/MJ ME-kg-DM) 2.8 - 11.5 6.5 3.9 

CF 2 (g/MJ ME-kg-DM) 4.2 - 9.3 5.5 1.6 

CA (g/MJ ME-kg-DM) 3.4 - 7.8 4.8 4.9 


Calcium to Phosphorous ratio in the analyzed diets 

The ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) is vital, especially for young poultry and presumably 

other growing birds. Generally, a Ca:P of about 1.2:1 is considered to be ideal. Ratios from 1:1 to 

1.5:1 are, however, well tolerated. A much wider ratio (4:1 or more) is appropriate for laying 

poultry hens. Only five of the analyzed diets had a Ca:P within the range of 1:1 to 3:1; and the other 

diets were low in calcium relative to phosphorous. Grit was added to one diet and an unspecified 

amount of vitamin mix was added to another diet; we did not include these ingredients in the analysis. 

Vitamins 

Vitamin A, D and E were present in most of the diets in levels in accordance with the National 

Research Council (NRC) recommendations for poultry. Birds are capable of transferring carotene 

into vitamin A in the gut, thus vitamin A requirements are low. 

The appendices of birds are rudimentary, restricting production of B-complex vitamins; it is 

therefore advisable to supply avian diets with the B vitamins. Biotin, niacin and choline (and 

sometimes also other B vitamins) were lower in many of the crowned pigeon diets than 

recommended by the NRC for poultry, and as poultry probably produce more B vitamins in the gut 

than do pigeons, the recommendations for poultry are considered here to be too low for pigeons. 

Minerals 

Total amounts of calcium and phosphorus were low. Zinc and manganese were also low in most 

diets compared to the NRC recommendations for poultry. The copper recommendations for turkeys 

is higher than for chickens, and the copper requirements for pigeons is unknown. Sodium and 

iodine levels were frequently present in low levels. 

Breeding results 

Seventeen of the 18 facilities returning the questionnaire held at least one pair of crowned pigeons. 

The production of eggs varied among facilities; six facilities had no egg production at all. Average 

production per pigeon pair ranged between 0.5 - 7 eggs per year at the other 11 facilities; at six of 

these no eggs had hatched. Rearing attempts with chicks that did hatch were generally done by the 

parents (versus hand rearing or another option). 

"Best" Analyzed Diets 

Only five diets were more or less comparable with the NRC poultry nutritional recommendations 

for energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. 

Range from these five diets were: 

Energy 10.5 - 10.7 MJ ME-kg-DM 

Crude protein 16.7 - 19.0 g/MJ 

Crude fat 3.9 - 5.9 g/MJ 

Crude fiber 5.2 - 5.3 g/MJ 

Crude ash 4.9 - 7.8 g/MJ 

It is difficult to make general recommendations concerning diet compositions, therefore the five 

"best" diets are used here as examples. 


DIET 1 (used during "breeding season"*): 

Fauna Foods; Gallus 4-150 gr, Haven's pigeon seeds; 

breed-150 gr 

* Crowned pigeon breed all year round so also in winter 

DIET 2 (used in "winter*"): 

Fauna Foods; Gallus 3 -150 gr, Havens pigeon seeds; breed-150 gr 

DIET 3 (used in "breeding season"*): 

Pellets for pheasants-1000 gr, Pigeon seeds- 375 gr 

Carrot- 200 gr, Apple- 200 gr, Power play (protein product 88 % crude protein, manufactured by 

Wander) -40 gr, Mervit Conc.LF 895- 3 gr (vitamin and mineral supplement). 

DIET 4 (used in "winter"*): 

Pellets for pheasants-1000 gr, Pigeon seeds - 500 gr, Apple - 200 gr, Carrot - 100 gr 

DIET 5: 

Fresh fruit - 350 gr, boiled rice -60 gr, boiled peas - 70 gr 

passerine bird food mixture 1 - 32 gr, boiled egg - 33 gr 

pellets for pheasants -40 gr, Vitamix - 1 gr 

1 : Contents of passerine bird food mixture: diced carrot (50%), boiled egg (16%), wheat bran 

(14%), cottage cheese curds (13%), greens (7%) 

Discussion and Conclusions 

The variety of ingredients included in the 18 crowned pigeon diets was enormous. It should be 

acknowledged here that the analysis do not entirely accurately reflect the diet compositions for two 

reasons. The gross energy had to be converted to the metabolizable energy and quantities of some 

ingredients were estimated, as these had not been specified. Quantities of some ingredients were 

unknown in more than half of the diets in which they appeared. 

Because a high energy concentration is required in the diet of crowned pigeons, it is important to 

use foodstuffs/ingredients with a low water-content. Commercial foods for birds are recommended 

for this reason. However, crowned pigeons eat seeds and fruit in the wild, and therefore it is 

possibly also useful to include both of these ingredients in the diet. 

Protein content of many of the diets was higher than recommended for turkeys, pigeons and laying 

hens. High levels of protein have been known to cause kidney problems in some other avian 

species. Although protein requirements for crowned pigeons are unknown, they are not expected to 

deviate much from those for poultry. 

There are no specific poultry dietary recommendations for crude fat, crude fibre or crude ash. The 

"Best" diets included in this summary here can be used as a guide to achieve proper levels of these 

nutrients. Lime, grit or dried eggshells are offered ad libitum to diets to increase calcium levels. 

Diets low in vitamins and/or minerals can be supplemented with a commercial vitamin/mineral mix 

for birds. 

Condition of the birds was considered to be good in all cases, although their breeding results were 

poor. No relationship could be found between diet quality and breeding results however. Dietary 

deficiencies were presumably at low enough levels that they did not result in diseases, but still may 

have had an undetected influence on reproduction. It is therefore recommended to alter the diets in 

accordance with NRC recommendations for poultry and/or the example diets provided in this 


paper. 



3.10 CROWNED PIGEON EEP RESEARCH PRIORITIES 


Field research on crowned pigeons is viewed as a high priority, given the dearth of life history and 

status information concerning these birds. A goal of the EEP is to develop means to support such 

projects financially as well as logistically as possible. 

Some possible husbandry and management problems are highlighted below in this section. Potential 

problems need to be methodically assessed and captive research efforts directed accordingly. It is 

important to develop management guidelines in the coming few years based on these efforts. 

Sexing 

Rapid and accurate sex determination of crowned pigeons is highly desirable. Reliability and age 

limitations can be tested for some potentially inexpensive and easy sexing methods, including 

morphology, vocalizations and cloacal examination. 

Husbandry and Reproduction 

The importance of a number of variables in successful maintenance and breeding of crowned 

pigeons should be evaluated. Some examples are: 

* Nest site characteristics and toenail condition (as discussed in section 3.5); 

* Influence of social group size on mate selection and reproduction (with space availability 

considered an independent variable); 

* Relative reproductive success of indoor versus outdoor housed birds, of captive reared versus 

wild caught individuals, and of parent reared versus hand reared individuals; and 

* Reasons for apparently high infertility 

* Effect of time of year on initiation of breeding and likelihood of success. 

* Effect of length of time housed together on reproductive success of pairs. 

An analysis of EEP studbook data would in most cases give some indication of which of these 

topics warrant a more in depth study. Other management problem areas that come to light should be 

similarly approached, and should result in some form of management recommendations. These 

recommendations can be included in the comprehensive management guidelines to be developed in 

the next few years. 


Chick Rearing 

Parent rearing is considered the most optimal crowned pigeon rearing method, and it is hoped that 

better husbandry practices will improve natural reproduction. Nevertheless, artificial rearing 

techniques should be refined for cases in which parent rearing is not possible or desirable. 

Methodology for such techniques should be made available to crowned pigeon holders as quickly as 

possible. 

It would be very useful for a number of institutions that successfully parent rear crowned pigeons to 

sample and analyze crop contents of squabs throughout the nestling period so that normal feeding 

patterns of the pigeons can be established with some certainty. 

Field Research 

Support of the IUCN proposed project summarized in this section and development of 

complimentary projects are goals of the EEP. These projects are essential to assessing the status and 

conservation needs of crowned pigeons, and additionally would yield basic information useful in 

developing crowned pigeon management and husbandry guidelines. 

Taxonomy 

To date data concerning taxonomic issues are inconclusive and conflicting: initial genetic studies 

suggest that each of the three recognized species are indeed full species, while behaviour 

differences between the three are apparently subtle if present at all. Morphologically the three are 

distinguishable, although differences are small. Generally two subspecies of each of the three 

species are recognized, however distinctions are unclear. Establishing degree of taxonomic 

uniqueness and extent of occurrence (geographical range) of the different taxa are important in 

developing conservation measures and establishing conservation priorities. 

Behaviour 

Further studies on ritualized behaviours and vocalizations of the crowned pigeons, including their 

ontogeny and sexual differences in their performance, would provide interesting basic information 

about the species, would indicate how useful they are as a sexing technique and may shed more 

light on taxonomic relationships. 



CROWNED PIGEON 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

4 



(Bibliography corrections and additions are most welcome!) 

Althaus, T. and Irrall, B. Annual Report to the International Secretariat on the Management of the 

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1990. Swiss 

Federal Veterinary Office, Liebefeld-Berne; 1991. 

Anon. A Rare Breeding Success in the Alfred Brehm House of the East Berlin Zoo. Gefiederte 

Welt. 94 (8):15; 1970. 

Anon. Krontauben im Zoo Bern Gezüchtet. Gefiederte Welt 104(1):20; 1980. 

Anon. Grote partij veren van beschermde vogels ontdekt bij handelaar. Volkskrant 13 Feb:3; 1991. 

Assink, H. The Crowned Pigeons Studbook, Goura cristata, Goura scheepmakeri and Goura 

victoria. No. 1; 1988. 

Beehler, B. Conservation of New Guinea rainforest birds. In: Conservation of Tropical Forest Birds 

(A.W. Diamond and T.E. Lovejoy, eds.) pp. 233-247. ICBP Technical Publication No. 4, 

International Council for Bird Preservation. Cambridge; 1985. 

Beehler, B. Papua New Guinea's wildlife and environments: what we don't yet know. In: 

Conservation and Environment in Papua New Guinea: Establishing Research Priorities (M. Pearl, 

B. Beehler and M. Taylor, eds.) pp. 1-10. Wildlife Conservation International, New York; 1991. 

Beehler, B.M., Pratt, T.K. and Zimmerman, D.A. Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, 

Princeton; 1986. 

Bell, H.L. Bird life of the Balimo Sub-district, Papua. Emu 67:57-59; 1967. 

Bell, H.L. Field notes on the birds of the Ok Tedi River drainage, New Guinea. Emu 69:193-211; 

1969. 

Bell, H.L. Field notes on the birds of the Nomad River Sub- district, Papua. Emu 70(3): 97-104; 

1970. 

Bell, H.L. A Bird Community of Lowland Rainforest in New Guinea. I. Composition And Density 

of The Avifauna. Emu 82: 24-41; 1982. 

Belterman, R.H.R. and de Boer, L.E.M. A karyological study of 55 species of birds, including 

karyotypes of 39 species new to cytology. Genetica 65:39-82; 1984. 

Boer, L.E.M. de and Belterman, R.H.R. The karyotypes of two New Guinean birds, Dacelo gigas 

(Coraciformes: Alcedinidae) and Goura victoria (Columbiformes: Columbidae). Chrom. Inf. Serv. 

No. 29: 17-18; 1980. 

Buhrows, T., Bijker, P.G.H., de Boer, M., King, C.E. and Nijboer, J. A study of the normal 

microflora in crop contents of neonatal domestic pigeons Columba livia domestica. J. Vet. Nutr. 

2:17-21; 1993. 

Carlson R., Raising Crowned Pigeons; Game Bird Breeders Gazette, 14: 33-34.. 


Chalmers, J. and Gill, W.W. Work and Adventure in New Guinea. Religious Tract Soc., London; 

1885. 

Clawitter, R. The hand-rearing of a Victoria crowned pigeon at the St. Louis Zoo. AAZPA 

Regional Conference Proceedings 172-179; 1989. 

Coates, B.J. The Birds of Papua New Guinea, including the Bismark Archipelago and Bouganville. 

Vol. I: Non-passerines. Dove Publications, Alderly, Queensland; 1985. 

Collar, N.J. and Andrew, P. Birds to Watch; The ICBP World Checklist of Threatened Birds. ICBP 

Tech. Publication No. 8. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C.; 1988. 

Delacour, J. Wild Pigeons and Doves. T.F.H. Publications, London; 1980. 

Dolan, J.M. Crowned Pigeons. Zoonooz 37(8):12; 1964. 

Dorrestein, G.M. Evaluations of the necropsies of crowned pigeons. In: The Crowned Pigeons 

Studbook, Goura Cristata, Goura scheepmakeri and Goura victoria. No. 1 (H. Assink, ed.) pp. 19- 

22; 1988. 

Ensley, P.K., Davis, C.E., Anderson, M.P., and Fletcher, K.C. Cryptococcosis in Male Beccari's 

crowned pigeon. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 175(9):992-994; 1979. 

Erftemeijer, P., Allen, G., Kosamah, S., and Kosamah, Z. Birds of the Bintuni Bay region. Kukila 

5(2):85-98; 1991. 

Fagan, D.A. Oral disease in avian species. Annual Proc. Am. Ass. Zoo Vet. 1981:30-32; 1981. 

Fleay, D.A. Family event with New Guinea crowned pigeons. Victorian Naturalist 79(9):256-263; 

1963. 

Fleay, D. Gouras of New Guinea. An. Kingdom. 64(4):106-110; 1961. 

Fleay, D. Those "Stately Land Fowl" Gouras of New Guinea, Animal Kingdom LXIV (4) 1961: 

106-110. 

Fuchs, J. Pigeons in the Wilhelma Zoo in Stuttgart, West Germany. Gefiederte Welt 95(3):44; 1971. 

Gibbs, D. Undescribed taxa and new record from the Fakfak mountains, Irian Jaya. Britisch 

Ornithologists Club London Bulletin. 114 (1):4-12; 1994 

Goodwin, D. Pigeons and Doves of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca; 1983. 

Griner, L.A. and Walch, H.A. Cryptococcosis in columbiformes at the San Diego Zoo. J. Wildl. 

Dis. 14(3):389-394; 1978. 

Gyldenstolpe, N. Birds collected by Dr. Sten Bergman during his expedition to Dutch New Guinea 

1948-1949. Arkiv för Zooligi, 8(2):183-397; 1956. 


Haensel, J. Die Fachertaube. Falke 26(5):178-179; 1979. 

Hanninen, L. A laboratory study of the probiotic effects of the lactobacillae in the crop milk 

contents of pigeons Columba livia and genus Goura. Animal Production and Veterinary Public 

Health Department of the Science of Food of Animal origin (VVDO), Univ. of Utrecht; 1995. 

Harrison, C.J.O. and Greensmith, A. Birds of the World. Dorling Kindersley, London, NewYork, 

Stuttgart; 1993. 

Heinroth, O. Ornithologische Ergebnisse der 'l. Deutschen Sudsee Exped. von Br. Mencke'. J. Orn. 

4:65-125; 1903. 

Johst, G. and Johst, E. Über verhalten und brutpflege gekäfigter krontauben (Goura cristata). J. 

Orn. 102:88-95; 1961. 

Iredale, T. Birds of New Guinea. Griffin Press; 1956. 

Kaal, G.Th.F. Geslachtsbepaling Bij Vogels. Drukkerij Zomer, Arnhem; 1981. 

Kageruka, P. and Waillaert, E. Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in Goura cristata and Manis 

crassicaudata. Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia 52:3-10; 1971. 

King, C.E. and Nijboer, J. Conservation considerations for crowned pigeons, genus Goura. Oryx 28 

(1):22-30; 1994. 

Kitchener, A., Macdonald A.A., and Howard, P. First record of the blue crowned pigeon Goura 

cristata on Seram. Bull. BOC 113(1):42-43; 1993. 

Klös, H.G. A note on breeding second generation crowned pigeons, Goura cristata at West Berlin 

Zoo. Int. Zoo Ybk. 6:215; 1966. 

Kocner, E. The development of numbers of population of crowned pigeons in Czecho- Slovakia in 

1991-1992. unpubl. rept.; undated. 

Kunneman, F. and Frank, G. Hand-Rearing technique for the Great crowned pigeon (Goura 

cristata) at the San Antonio Zoo. AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings 

Lint, K.C., Crowned Pigeons aristocrates of the pigeon family. 

AFA Watchbird 4 (4) 1977: 6-13. 

Lommers, W.G. Een onderzoek naar het gedrag van kroonduiven. unpubl. rept.; 1982. 

Macdonald, A. Distribution of Blue crowned pigeon Goura cristata (Pallas) on North Seram. Bull. 

BOC 115(1):33-35; 1995. 

Manfield, H. The breeding in captivity of the crowned pigeon in the Adelaide Royal Zoological 

Gardens, South Australia. Avicult. Mag. 52(6):199-200; 1946. 

Mayr, E. List of New Guinea Birds. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York; 1941. 


Mayr, E.A. List of New Guinea Birds: A Systematic And Faunal List Of The Birds Of New Guinea 

And Adjacent Islands. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, New York; 1941. 

Mayr, E. and Rand, A.L. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 14, the birds of the 1933-1934 

Papuan expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 73:1-248; 1937. 

Mayr, E. and Schauensee, R.M. Zoological results of the Denison-Crockett South Pacific 

Expedition for the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 1930-1938. Part V: Birds from 

North-west New Guinea. Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; 1939. 

McMorris, J.R. The Goura Pigeons Species Complex. AAZPA National Conference Proceedings 

238-241; 1976. 

Meek, A.S. A Naturalist in Cannibal Land. London; 1913. 

Mees, G.F. The avifauna of Misol. New Guinea Zoology 31:139-203; 1965. 

Miller, W.J., and Wagner, F.H. Sexing mature columbiformes by cloacal characters. Auk 

72:279-285; 1955. 

Mitchell, D.W. Notice of a hybrid crowned-pigeon, hatched in the Menagerie. Proc. Zool. Soc. 

London. Part XVII: 170-172; 1949. 

Morren, G. Synthesis and preliminary action plan: Conservation and environment in Papua New 

Guinea: establishing priorities. In: Conservation and Environment in Papua New Guinea: 

Establishing Research Priorities (M. Pearl, B. Beehler and M. Taylor, eds.) pp. 136-141. Wildlife 

Conservation International, New York; 1991. 

Mountfort, G. Rare Birds of the World.: a Collins/ICBP handbook. Stephen Green Press, 

Lexington; 1988. 

Naether, C. Using foster-parents to raise foreign doves. Avic. Mag. 71: 152-153; 1965. 

Nichols, D.G., Fuller, K.S., McShane-Caluzi, E. and Klerner-Eckenrode, E. Indonesia, Annex. 1. 

In: Wildlife Trade Laws of Asia and Oceania (A.L. Gaski and G. Hemley, eds.) Traffic USA, 

Washington D.C.; 1991. 

Nijboer, J. Crowned Pigeon Studbook No. 2. Rotterdam Zoo, Rotterdam; 1989. 

Nijboer, J. Crowned Pigeons (Goura cristata, G. scheepmakeri and G. victoria) Annual Report 

1990. In: EEP Yearbook 1990, with Summaries of Contributions and Discussions of the 8th EEP 

Conference (K. Brouwer, S. Smits and L.E.M. de Boer, eds.) pp. 31-34. EEP Executive Office, 

Amsterdam; 1991. 


1991/92. In: EEP Yearbook 1991/92, including the proceedings of the 9th EEP Conference, 

Edinburgh (K. Brouwer, S. Smits and L.E.M. de Boer, eds.) pp. 25-29. EEP Executive Office, 




1992. In: EEP Yearbook 1992/93 including the proceedings of the 10th EEP Conference, 

Salzburg(L.E.M. de Boer, K. Brouwer and S. Smits, eds.) pp. 22-27. EEP Executive Office, 



1993. In: EEP Yearbook 1993/94, including the proceedings of the 11th EEP Conference, Alphen 

a/d Rijn. (K. Brouwer, F. Rietkerk and S. Smits, eds.) pp. 29-43. EEP Executive Office, 


Nijboer, J. Crowned Pigeons (G. cristata, G. scheepmakeri and Goura victoria) Annual Report 

1994. In: EEP Yearbook 1994/95, with the proceedings of the 12th EEP Conference, Poznan. 

pp. 42-47. EEP Executive Office, Amsterdam; 1995. 

Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. Report on the birds collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition 

and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea. Ibis, Jubilee Suppl. No. 2; 1915. 

Parker, S.A. New information on the Solomon Islands crowned pigeon Microgoura meeki 

Rothschild. Bull. BOC 87:86-89; 1967. 

Parker, S.A. An unsuccessful search for the Solomon Islands crowned pigeon. Emu 72(1):24-2; 

1972. 

Patton, J.C.; Bohmke B. Genetic relatedness of nominate forms of Goura (Aves, Columbiformes) 

and its captive management implications. unpubl. rept; undated. 

Peinado, V.I. Hematology and plasma chemistry in endangered pigeons. J. Zoo and Wildl. Med. 

23(1):65-71; 1992. 

Pearl, M. Beehler, B., and Taylor, M. (eds.). Conservation and Environment in Papua New Guinea: 

Establishing Research Priorities. Wildlife Conservation International, New York; 1991. 

Peckover, W.S. and Filewood L.W.C. Birds of New Guinea and Tropical Australia. A.H. & A.W. 

Reed, Sydney, Wellington, London; 1976. 

Poelma, F.G. and Zwart, P. Toxoplasmosis in crowned pigeons and other birds in the Royal 

Rotterdam Zoological Garden Blijdorp. Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia 55:29-40; 1972. 

Rand, A.L. Results of the Archbold Expedition No. 42. Birds of the 1936-1937 expedition. Bull. 

Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 59:289-366; 1942. 

Rand, A.L. Gilliard, E.T. Handbook of New Guinea Birds. Natural History Press, Garden City; 

1968. 

Rijn, M. van. Vergelijkend onderzoek naar het gedrag en de vocalisaties van kroonduiven (Goura). 

unpubl. rept.; 1995. 

Rijn, M. van. Koerende kroonduiven. Dieren 12:164-167; 1996. 

Roles, D.G. Good ground dwellers for cage and aviary. AFA Watchbird 18(1):30-32; 1991. 


Rothschild, W. and Hartert, E. Further contributions to our knowledge of the ornis of the Solomon 

Islands. Novit. Zool. 12:243-268; 1905. 

Rothschild, L. On a collection of birds made by Mr. F. Shaw Mayer in the Weyland Mountains, 

Dutch New Guinea, in 1930. Novit. Zool. 36:256-278; 1931. 

Round, P.D. Bangkok Bird Club survey of the bird and mammal trade in the Bangkok Weekend 

Market. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Nat. Soc. 38(9):1-43; 1991. 

Schodde, R. The status of endangered Papuasia wildlife. In: The Status of Endangered Australasian 

Wildlife (M.J. Taylor, ed.) pp. 133-145. Royal Zoological Society of South Australia, Adelaide; 

1978. 

Seth-Smith, D. The breeding of the Crowned Pigeon. Avicult. Mag. 9 (4th series):20-21; 1931. 

Shaw, D.E. Conservational ordinances in Papua New Guinea. Biological Conservation 2:51-61; 

1968. 

Sherborne, M. Breeding of the Victoria crowned pigeon (Goura victoria) at Bristol Zoo. Avicult. 

Mag. 79(2):48; 1973 

Skutch, A.F. Life of the pigeon. Cornell Univ. Press. Ithaca, New York; 1991. 

Smith, The breeding of the Crowned Pigeon, Avicultrural Magazine 9 1931 4th Series: 20-21. 

Sumner, J. Handrearing a Victoria crowned pigeon at Taronga Zoo. ASZK Conference Proceedings 

128-130; 1991. 

Tackaert, H.M.C. and Kagerulea, P. Epizootic toxoplasmosis in Crowned Pigeons, Goura cristata 

and Goura victoria at the Antwerp Belgium Zoo. Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensa 69:163; 1977. 

Takahashi, K., Nakayama, Z., and Kobayashi, T. Breeding the Victoria crowned pigeon (In 

Japanese). Animals and Zoos. 35:44-47; 1983. 

Toom, M. den. Het dagrantsoen van de congopauw en de kroonduif. unpubl. rept.; 1986. 

Varghese, T. Coccidian parasites of birds of the avian order Columbiformes with a description of 

two new species of Eimeria. Parasitology 80(1):183-188; 1980. 

Walker, S. The animal market in Jakarta ... as bad as it sounds. IPPL Newsletter 18(2):7-9; 1991. 

Weekers, H. Kroonduiven. Onze Vogels. 55(9):384-385; 1994. 

Wetzel, D. Crowned Pigeon Studbook 1985-1986. Kansas City Zoological Gardens, Kansas City; 

1987. 


undated. 



undated. 


undated. 

Wetzel, D. Crowned Pigeon SSP petition. unpubl. rept.; 1990. 

Wetzel, D. L. The Crowned Pigeons. AFA Watchbird 19(4):30-34; 1992. 

Wetzel, D. International Crowned Pigeon Studbook Goura cristata, Goura scheepmakeri, Goura 

victoria. Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence; 1994. 

Wetzel, D. International Crowned Pigeon Studbook Goura cristata, Goura scheepmakeri, Goura 

victoria. Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence; 1995. 

World Conservation Monitoring Centre, IUCN/SSC Trade Specialist Group and Traffic 

International. Significant Trade in Wildlife: A review of selected animal species in CITES 

Appendix II. Cambridge, 1993. 

Zwart, P. Pigeons and Doves (Columbiformes). In: Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 2nd edition 

(M. Fowler, ed.) pp. 439-445. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia; 1986. 

Zwart, P., Poelma, F.G. and Peters, J.C. Toxoplasmosis in Crowned pigeons and other birds in the 

Rotterdam Zoo. Int. Symp. Diseases of Zoo Animals, Wroclaw. pp. 95-98; 1972. 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

We would like to thank all the EEP participants that have provided the information on which the 

studbook is based. Without participant cooperation the production of such a studbook would 

certainly not be possible. 

All of the EEP participants who volunteered information beyond the standard requests are 

especially thanked. Contributions appearing in the studbook by parties external to the EEP are also 

very much appreciated. We hope that we have adequately acknowledged the sources of information 

throughout the studbook as appropriate. 

We would also like to thank Rob Belterman and A. K. Tintel for their invaluable assistance in 

manuscript typing, publication layout and other aspects of production of the studbook. Lastly, we 

would like to acknowledge the support of our employer, Rotterdam Zoo, in making this studbook 

and our involvement in the Crowned Pigeon EEP possible. 


This EEP Studbook is entirely printed on recycled paper.

EEP Crowned pigeon number 3

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?