SITE VISIT - Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and ...
SITE VISIT - Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and ...
SITE VISIT - Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and ...
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Orange Free State). The interim c<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> abolished these <strong>and</strong> created nine new provinces:<br />
Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Western Cape, Orange Free State, KwaZulu/Natal, the PWV<br />
(since renamed Gauteng), Northern Transvaal, Eastern Transvaal <strong>and</strong> North West (see Map 1).<br />
The apartheid government created four "independent states" (Transkei, Bophutatswana, Venda<br />
<strong>and</strong> Ciskei - often referred to as the TBVC states) <strong>and</strong> six homel<strong>and</strong>s (KwaZulu, KwaNdebele,<br />
Gazankulu, Lebowa, KaNgwane <strong>and</strong> QwaQwa) to which milli<strong>on</strong>s of blacks were forcibly<br />
relocated (see Map 2). Although these were reincorporated into South Africa in May 1994, there<br />
are frequent references to them in this report as they are in most cases the poorest <strong>and</strong> most<br />
populous areas of the country.<br />
Populati<strong>on</strong><br />
Under apartheid, every South African was categorized according to race. The four main race<br />
groups were blacks, coloreds (people of mixed race), Indians (<strong>and</strong> other Asians) <strong>and</strong> whites.<br />
Race-based statistics are still used because they are essential for an underst<strong>and</strong>ing of the<br />
problems created by decades of "separate development." The populati<strong>on</strong> in 1994 was just over<br />
40 milli<strong>on</strong>, split almost equally between urban <strong>and</strong> rural dwellers:<br />
Rural Urban Total<br />
Eastern Cape 478 318 142 838 621 156<br />
Northern Cape 58 040 542 589 800 629<br />
Western Cape 557 703 178 696 3 736 399<br />
Orange Free State 1 267 862 1 485 167 2 753 029<br />
KwaZulu/Natal 5 187 686 3 293 379 8 481 065<br />
Gauteng 307 756 6 663 893 6 971 649<br />
Northern Transvaal 4 656 846 470 190 5 127 036<br />
Eastern Transvaal 2 049 867 580 2 916 803<br />
North West 2 394 267 1 069 444 3 463 711<br />
TOTAL 21 157 701 19 713 776 40 871<br />
Populati<strong>on</strong> density<br />
Populati<strong>on</strong> density (see Map 14) ranges from 365 people per square kilometre in Gauteng to two<br />
per square kilometre in the arid Northern Cape. The western Orange Free State <strong>and</strong> Northern<br />
Transvaal are also very sparsely populated with fewer than 10 people per square kilometre.<br />
However, parts of the Northern Transvaal corresp<strong>on</strong>ding to the former homel<strong>and</strong>s of Lebowa,<br />
Gazankulu <strong>and</strong> Venda have high populati<strong>on</strong> densities, as do most of the other former homel<strong>and</strong>s<br />
<strong>and</strong> TBVC states. Very high populati<strong>on</strong> densities (over 500 people per square kilometre) are<br />
found around Johannesburg, Durban/Pietermaritzburg, Cape Town, <strong>and</strong> parts of the former<br />
Ciskei, KwaZulu <strong>and</strong> KaNgwane<br />
Racial distributi<strong>on</strong><br />
Of the total populati<strong>on</strong>, approximately 75.8% are black, 13% are white, 8.6% are colored <strong>and</strong><br />
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