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38 S&T institutions and other key players important for S&T policy making, and to present relevant S&T policies and strategies. Besides mentioned platform there are other initiatives and programmes which are aimed to strengthen scientific potential of the WBC region, to address strategic social and economic needs and to facilitate integration of this region into ERA. The Southeast-European ERA-NET (SEE-ERA. NET) has been established in order to promote R&D cooperation among consortium members and to contribute to the WBAP implementation. A number of specific objectives, recommendations and implementation scenario have been proposed by SEE-ERA.NET consortium, described in White paper [86]. Consortium launched in 2006 a “Regional Programme for Cooperation with South-East Europe” (ReP-SEE), and in 2007 proposed Joint Action Plan, which provide unique instruments and measurement for enhanced S&T cooperation with the WBC region [44]. 4.1.3 Innovation side Innovation systems of the WBC are very weak and fragmented. Weak innovation demand at enterprise level and weak innovation support system are the biggest impediment for the greater contribution of research to growth and social development. Supporting actions at national and regional levels are aimed at developing inter-firm clusters and networks, enhancing pan-European cooperation among SMEs. On their road to Europe, the WBCs have made considerable progress in redressing their entrepreneurial environment for SMEs. In most of the WBC, the progress is made by enabling cheaper and faster start-ups. The WBC participate in the Chapter for Small Enterprises [66], which calls on subscribing parties to undertake economic reforms in ten policy areas. SMEs’ technological capacity, essential for competitiveness and innovation, is slowly being strengthened in the WBC region. A flexible, knowledgebased economy requires enhanced levels of innovation which would clearly be improved through better and more effective links between research and development centres at universities and SMEs. Despite of the fact that the proportion of population with tertiary education is comparable with EU25, there are major weaknesses of WBC relative to EU, regarding to public R&D expenditure, number of Science&Engineering graduates, business R&D investments, participation in Life-long learning, number of employment in high-tech manufacturing and services. The lack of effective links between knowledge-producers and knowledge-users constitutes a significant weakness in the regional innovation system. Thematic report “Innovation Infrastructures in the Western Balkan Countries” [38] deals with the situation of innovation infrastructures in the WBC countries and gives overview of established clusters, technology and innovation centers, technological and science parks, business-start-up centers/ technology incubators and other related organizations. The general environment, important strategic documents and the main programmes and instruments for support have also been described. In addition, within mentioned ReP SEE programme, study on Innovation absorption capacity and transnational cooperation needs in SEE, with particular focus on the WBC, has been undertaken by Euro consultants S.A [37] in 2007. This study presents policies and programmes supporting innovation (EU, regional, national), list of main innovation stakeholders in SEE and WBC, as well as innovation funding sources. Particular emphasis was put on the analysis of involvement of SMEs in the innovation process, their needs, opportunities and barriers. 4.2 Current state and developed KT structures in the WBC region This section will briefly present the situation in the areas that make up the knowledge triangle – education, research and
innovation, at WBC universities, institutes and institutions that support businesses and encourage innovation, especially in those PC countries involved in the WBC VMnet project. Emphasis will be put on representation of the established mechanisms and structures as facilitators and the holder of that cooperation, national strategies, initiatives and support programs, centers of excellence, as well as the innovation structures. 4.2.1 Serbia Since 2000, institutions of higher education in Serbia have been included in the reform and harmonization of legislation and processes in the areas of education, science and innovation, following the European trends, especially the Bologna Declaration and the Lisbon strategy. Since September 2003, Serbia has officially joined other European countries through the signing of the Bologna Declaration in order to create a unique European Higher Education Area. Applicable Law of Higher Education (adopted in September 2005), provides the legal basis for full implementation of the Bologna Declaration and the Lisbon strategy. Although the Faculties are, by this Law, separate entities within universities, universities as such have certain integrative functions, as defined in Article 46 of the Law, such as: Establishment of unified standards of work of departments and services and unified standards for creating data bases of all units, Strategic planning; Adoption of study programs; Quality assurance and control; Enrollment policy; election of teachers; Issuance of Diplomas and Diplomas supplement; International Cooperation, Investment Planning, Employment policy planning and the hiring of teachers and associates; Establishment and development of A unified information system; Life-long learning. In Serbia, the educational and scientific activity is performed in 7 accredited state universities (83 faculties), 8 private (46 faculties), 65 accredited colleges, and 56 scientific institutions fully independent from the University. At the last Ministerial Conference in Louven, in April 2009, Serbia has submitted third Bologna Progress Report, which listed the following priorities and challenges in higher education [7]: • To develop and implement national strategy for higher education beyond 2010; • To adopt and implement National Qualification Framework; • To make the system of higher education more flexible and responsive to the needs of the labor market and of the knowledge society; • To provide more effective mechanisms of cooperation between HE institutions and employers; • To introduce the concept of functionally integrated university; • To reassess student workload; • To increase the involvement of students in all aspects of Bologna Process implementation; • To provide fair financing of public HE institutions; • To establish the Ministry for both Higher Education and Science; • To increase percentage of research and education funds w/r to the GDP. 39 Comparing to old legal framework there are some significant structural changes. The leading principles are - as stated in one of the introductory articles- are: • Harmonization with the European higher education system and promotion of academic mobility of teaching staff and students; • Participation of students in governance and decision-making, in particular in matters relating to teaching and quality assurance; • Quality assurance and efficiency of studies; • Unity of teaching and scientific research and/or artistic work. Law on Higher Education of the Republic of Serbia, article 4 Current state in the WBC region 4
Page 3 and 4: WBC Virtual Manufacturing Network W
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1. Preface 7 2. Introducti
Page 7: Preface 1
Page 10 and 11: 10 The authors would like to thank
Page 13 and 14: 2.1 About the WBC-VMnet project Wit
Page 15 and 16: and prosperity for entire populatio
Page 17: 6. Mobility activities • Student
Page 21 and 22: 3.1 EU legislation, policies and st
Page 23 and 24: to all classes, including low-skill
Page 25 and 26: support services and persons commit
Page 27 and 28: 3.3. European Commission incentives
Page 29 and 30: enefits, that are examples of work
Page 31: partner countries. The Commission w
Page 35 and 36: 4.1 Regional and national backgroun
Page 37: and legislative reforms in recent y
Page 41 and 42: VISION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL
Page 43 and 44: 4.2.1.3 University of Belgrade www.
Page 45 and 46: The Technology Transfer Centre (TTC
Page 47 and 48: connections with the economy, and c
Page 49 and 50: enterprise for development of produ
Page 51 and 52: • Organization and coordination o
Page 53 and 54: international community, as well as
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.3.3 University of East Sarajevo
Page 57 and 58: • Establishment of regional coope
Page 59 and 60: 38, 52, 57, 66, 88], performed by c
Page 61 and 62: A corresponding questionnaires was
Page 63 and 64: SEE Countries WBC Financial support
Page 65 and 66: Results of TSNA analysis in Serbia,
Page 67 and 68: Good practices in the area of unive
Page 69 and 70: 5. Good practices in the area of un
Page 71 and 72: In general terms it can be said tha
Page 73 and 74: eepurple network is a programme del
Page 75 and 76: There is a database of job openings
Page 77 and 78: establishes and administers contrac
Page 79 and 80: E) DTU has a long tradition for and
Page 81 and 82: strategies, as for instance retrain
Page 83 and 84: emerge and stabilize in a horizon o
Page 85 and 86: The Gas Technology Center was estab
Page 87 and 88: The Economic Board is an advisory b
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Together with local authorities, Ch
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A) Aalborg University - http://en.a
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• NOVI Innovation provides: 1. A
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D) Enterprise Modules/Units: Innova
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A) University of Maribor - http://w
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New WBC model of university-enterpr
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102 profit that provides a return t
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104 TEMPUS and other EU funded proj
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106 the European Research Area) and
Page 108 and 109:
108 economic activity. For example,
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110 Both value added and exports ar
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112 participants (young and unemplo
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114 6.3.5 Setting up of Open Innova
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116 Recommendation 3 Establishment
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118 technology and society; univers
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120
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122 27. Energizing Europe’s Knowl
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124 76. Scientific And Technologica
Page 126:
CIP
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