universityâenterprise cooperation
universityâenterprise cooperation
universityâenterprise cooperation
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to all classes, including low-skilled and<br />
disadvantaged groups, or older citizens.<br />
Additionally, European Commission invited<br />
the member states to:<br />
• Address the issue of sectoral skills in<br />
the context of developing skills and<br />
competences, as a part of the ‘Education<br />
and Training 2010’ Work Programme;<br />
• Use future Community instruments in the<br />
field of education and training to support<br />
the development of sector-based approaches<br />
to skills and competences;<br />
• Ensure effective collaboration between<br />
relevant ministries in the development<br />
of strategies for skills and competences;<br />
• Build partnerships, at national,<br />
regional, local and sectoral levels with<br />
key stakeholders, including employers<br />
and trade unions, in accordance with<br />
national legislation and practice;<br />
• Instigate collaboration between<br />
education and training providers to<br />
exploit existing ICT infrastructures, in<br />
order to widen participation in Lifelong<br />
learning, and improve the level of<br />
e-skills of their citizens.<br />
3.2. Review of past experience, success<br />
factors and recommendations<br />
3.2.1. Past experience<br />
Since the 1980s the European Commission has<br />
promoted university-enterprise <strong>cooperation</strong><br />
through various programs for the promotion<br />
of education and training. This was seen<br />
as a mean of increasing the relevance of<br />
education to the needs of the labor market, a<br />
mean of improving graduates’ employability<br />
and of maximizing the use of knowledge.<br />
In 1986 the European Commission was launched<br />
the Comett program to strengthen <strong>cooperation</strong><br />
between universities and enterprises in the<br />
fields of training and technology. Through<br />
this Comett program, a large number of<br />
partnerships and grants between universities<br />
and enterprises were set up. For example, it<br />
was undertaken a partnership with European<br />
Centre for the Strategic Management of<br />
Universities, EDUCONSULT, Europe & Projects,<br />
Sanon Developement International, and the<br />
Austrian, Dutch, Finnish, French, Hungarian,<br />
Lithuanian, Norwegian and Portuguese<br />
national agencies.<br />
This team of partners analyzed some 200<br />
previously EU-funded project participants<br />
(in SOCRATES, ERASMUS and LEONARDO),<br />
with a goal to view and to explore the<br />
barriers of transnational university-enterprise<br />
<strong>cooperation</strong> and to identify the critical success<br />
factors. The final step of this team work was<br />
to develop recommendations for future models<br />
and strategies.<br />
Since October 2005, universities have been<br />
recognized as providers of the highest levels of<br />
education in EU-level policy making, because<br />
they have the potential to be the world’s leading<br />
knowledge-based economy and society.<br />
Within the Lisbon strategy the Commission<br />
has proposed the modernization of universities<br />
and since then the modernization agenda<br />
has been the one of the subject of global<br />
knowledge-based economy.<br />
By the 2006 Spring European Council the<br />
Commission proposed the establishment of the<br />
European Institute of Technology. The idea<br />
was that this Institute contributes to improving<br />
Europe’s capacity for scientific education,<br />
research and innovation, by encouraging<br />
multi-disciplinary approach and developing<br />
the strong partnerships with business.<br />
In the manufacturing field an important<br />
reference is given by Manufuture. The<br />
mission of Manufuture (European Technology<br />
Platform) is to propose a strategy based on<br />
research and innovation, securing high added<br />
value employment and winning a major<br />
share of world manufacturing output in the<br />
future knowledge driven economy [53].<br />
The best summary of past experiences in<br />
<strong>cooperation</strong> between university and enterprise<br />
23<br />
State of the art in the area of university-enterprise <strong>cooperation</strong> - EU level 3