Figure 1: A: Barrier successions of the Bridgewater Formation on the Mount Gambier coastal plain with sub-crop map highlighting study location. B: Composite stratigraphical cross-section illustrating the sedimentary deposits found on Port MacDonnell Beach (solid lines) and the deposits within the coastal cliffs approximately 100 m west (dashed lines). <strong>The</strong>se facies have been drawn on top of one another to illustrate how a stratigraphical cross-section may have looked prior to the erosion of aeolianite units on Port MacDonnell Beach [Note Holocene beach deposit would not appear in such as cross-section as deposited after aeolianite]
T2 Towards a Greenland tephra lattice: a detailed framework from four ice-cores spanning 25-45 ka A.J. Bourne 1 *, E. Cook 1 , S.M. Davies 1 , P.M. Abbott 1 , A.J. Griggs 1 , M. Chapman 2 , I.R. Hall 3 , J. Scourse 4 , J.P Steffensen 5 , A. Svensson 5 1 Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP 2 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, NR4 7TJ 3 School of Earth, Ocean, and Planetary Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE 4 School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB 5 Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark <strong>The</strong> TRACE project aims to utilise tephrochronology to facilitate the high-precision correlation of palaeoclimatic archives preserving a record of the rapid climate changes that characterised the North Atlantic region during the last glacial period. <strong>The</strong> synchronisation of the Greenland ice-cores to North Atlantic marine records will allow the determination of lead/lag relationships between the atmospheric and oceanic systems over these climatic events and permit an assessment of potential causal mechanisms. Initial investigations have focused on the period between 25-45 ka b2k in four deep ice cores from Greenland. Within this time period 34 tephra layers were identified in NGRIP, 24 tephra layers were identified in NEEM, 25 tephra layers were identified in GRIP and 20 tephra layers were identified in DYE-3. <strong>The</strong> majority of tephras are basaltic and are predominantly tholeiitic in composition indicating a source from the rift zones of Iceland, with the Grimsvötn and Kverkfjöll systems the most likely sources. Two non-basaltic horizons appear to have a source from outside Iceland. Tephra layers that fall between Greenland Interstadial 8 and 9 (13 in NGRIP, 7 in NEEM, 12 in GRIP and 7 in DYE-3) have been shown to all fall within the compositional envelope of the Faroe Marine Ash Zone III tephra layer, which has implications for the use of this tephra layer as a marine-ice synchronisation point (Bourne et al., 2013). Early comparisons of the ice core layers to North Atlantic marine records highlight four potential common tephra horizons, within GS-3 (29,130 ± 456 a b2k), GS-9 (38,300 ± 703 a b2k), GS-10 (40,220 ± 792 a b2k) and GS-12 (43,680 ± 877 a b2k). Other potential correlations throughout the period are being explored. We explore all these potential correlations and compare the climatic changes preserved within these cores as constrained by these tephra horizons. Ongoing work on the ice will allow an assessment of the Icelandic volcanic frequency during the last glacial period as well as the relationship between volcanic eruptions preserved in the ice and climate changes. Keywords: tephra; Greenland; North Atlantic; synchronisation.
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