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T8 Global review of Quaternary fluvial sequences, vertical crustal motions, and crustal properties Rob Westaway 1,2 and David Bridgland 3 1 School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ 2 NIReS, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU 3 Department of Geography, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE We shall summarize the results of a decade of work aimed at understanding cause-andeffect relations between fluvial sequences, vertical crustal motions and physical properties of the underlying continental crust, which constitutes one of the more significant advances in Quaternary Science during the existence of the QRA. Prior to the start of this programme, it was well-established that an increase in rates of vertical crustal motion occurred in parts of western and central Europe at a time (~0.9 Ma) that was roughly synchronous with the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution in climate. A change in rates of vertical crustal motion at this time is now evident worldwide (e.g., Bridgland and Westaway, 2008; Westaway et al., 2009). Earlier increases in rates of vertical crustal motion, typically uplift in continental interior regions, which likewise correlate with times of climate change, are also recognized in many regions, for example, around the ‘conventional’ Pliocene- Pleistocene boundary (~2.0 Ma), at the end of the Mid-Pliocene climatic optimum (~3.1 Ma), and at the start of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean region or its Pontian counterpart in the Black Sea region (~6 Ma). However, these phases of vertical crustal motion are absent within Archaean cratons (Westaway et al., 2003). The latter crustal provinces lack a mobile lower-crustal layer, suggesting that the presence of such a layer is required to mediate the uplift occurring in the other regions, which is thus envisaged as a consequence of the isostatic response to surface processes (such as, climate-induced erosion), mediated by lower-crustal flow (e.g., Westaway, 2002; Westaway et al., 2002). Others have noted the occurrence of the same phases of uplift as were noted above, but have tried to explain them on the contrary as consequences of plate motions or mantle plume activity; however, these alternative views provide no natural explanation for why these phases correlate with times of long-timescale climate change that are known independently. This poster will also touch upon more recent developments in ideas, such as: the detailed modelling of patterns of vertical crustal motion to constrain crustal properties at depth, illustrating how the thickness of the mobile lower-crustal layer affects the observed uplift response (e.g., Westaway et al., 2006); the realization in regions where this mobile layer is thin, one observes alternations of uplift and subsidence, and the potential explanation (Westaway, 2012); and the role of climate-induced stresstriggering in the development of active faulting in intraplate continental regions (e.g., Westaway, 2006; Abou Romieh et al., 2012). Abou Romieh, M., Westaway, R., Daoud, M., Bridgland, D.R., 2012. First indications of high slip rates on active reverse faults NW of Damascus, Syria, from observations of deformed Quaternary sediments: implications for the partitioning of crustal deformation in the Middle Eastern region. Tectonophysics 538-540, 86-104. Bridgland, D.R., Westaway, R., 2008. Preservation patterns of Late Cenozoic fluvial deposits and their implications: results from IGCP 449. Quaternary International 189, 5-38. Westaway, R., 2002. The Quaternary evolution of the Gulf of Corinth, central Greece: coupling between surface processes and flow in the lower continental crust. Tectonophysics 348, 269-318. Westaway, R., 2006. Investigation of coupling between surface processes and induced flow in the lower continental crust as a cause of intraplate seismicity. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31, 1480-1509. Westaway, R., 2012. A numerical modelling technique that can account for alternations of uplift and subsidence revealed by Late Cenozoic fluvial sequences. Geomorphology, 165-166, 124-143.
Westaway, R., Bridgland, D.R., Mishra, S., 2003. Rheological differences between Archaean and younger crust can determine rates of Quaternary vertical motions revealed by fluvial geomorphology. Terra Nova 15, 287-298. Westaway, R., Bridgland, D.R., Sinha, R., Demir, T., 2009. Fluvial sequences as evidence for landscape and climatic evolution in the Late Cenozoic: a synthesis of data from IGCP 518. Global and Planetary Change 68, 237-253. Westaway, R., Bridgland, D.R., White, M., 2006. The Quaternary uplift history of central southern England: evidence from the terraces of the Solent River system and nearby raised beaches, Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 2212-2250. Westaway, R., Maddy, D., Bridgland, D.R., 2002. Flow in the lower continental crust as a mechanism for the Quaternary uplift of southeast England: constraints from the Thames terrace record. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 559-603.
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QRA@50: Quaternary Revolutions QRA
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Conference Programme Wednesday 8th
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General Notes Exhibitors A small nu
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QRA50: Top 50 UK Quaternary Sites N
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THEME 1: CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE C
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THEME 2: MEASURING TIME Radiocarbon
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THEME 3: MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDIN
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THEME 4: MODELLING THE EARTH SYSTEM
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modeling context, or in the context
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THEME 5: ICE SHEET DYNAMICS Time, t
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THEME 7: THE OCEANS The Oceans, CO
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THEME 8: TERRESTRIAL STRATIGRAPHY A
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THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Conservation
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THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Beetles, bon
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THEME 10: HUMAN ORIGINS, ENVIRONMEN
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THEME 11: INSIGHTS FROM GENETICS In
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Van Walt m onitoring your needs Del
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T2 TRACEing Tephra Horizons in Nort
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T5 The Hebrides Ice Stream (HIS) an
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T9 Formation and Cultural Use of We
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T3 Glacier-based climate reconstruc
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T5 Reconstructing the maximum exten
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T6 First recorded evidence of subaq
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T2 Towards a Greenland tephra latti
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO Transect 8: const
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T8 Pleistocene landscape change at
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T10 Advances in geoconservation: fu
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T7 ARAMACC: Advancing the use of an
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rat
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T2 Tracing and constraining key tep
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T2 Testing the potential of OSL to
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T5 Reconstruction of ice-sheet chan
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T3 Spatial and temporal variability
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T5 Glacial geomorphology of the Inn
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T2 Revolution and evolution: 35 yea
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO, Transect 2: cons
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T2 Improving surface exposure ages
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T5 Geomorphology and dynamics of th
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T9 The Anthropogenic Element in the
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Fraser, W.T., Watson, J.S., Sephton
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T10 Human-environment-climate inter
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T9 Island Evolution: a ‘front-lin
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T5 Modelling the water isotope resp
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T9 Biome dynamics in the Ohrid Basi
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T5 The Moffatdale RSF cluster, Sout
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T11 Combining palynology and ecolog
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Figure 1: The palm swamp forest at
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T3 SCOPSCO Lake Ohrid deep drilling
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δ 18 Odiatom); biomarkers; pollen;
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T3 Quaternary revelations: the role
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T8 Late-Middle to Late Pleistocene
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T9 Climate forcing of mammoth range
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T8 Svalbard surging glacier landsys
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T2 Constraining peatland environmen
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T9 Late - glacial/Holocene vegetati
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T10 Developing a Holocene tephrostr
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Page 127 and 128: T10 Man, Megafauna and Mycobacteria
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Page 131 and 132: T8 The “Four Ages” of Micromorp
Page 133 and 134: T3 Continental silicon cycling and
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Page 139 and 140: T3 Tipping Points: Rapid Neo-glacia
Page 141 and 142: T5 Glacial history of the central n
Page 143 and 144: T8 Reconstructing Quaternary Rhine-
Page 145 and 146: T9 When was Europe deforested? Larg
Page 147 and 148: T9 Long-term vegetation development
Page 149 and 150: T9 Climate, microtopography and per
Page 151 and 152: T3 The temperature-δ 18 O relation
Page 153 and 154: T10 Neolithic land-use change clima
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Page 157 and 158: T10 Assessing the effects of the '2
Page 159 and 160: Figure 1: Lake ‘Disko 2’ on Dis
Page 161 and 162: T5 Increased channelization of subg
Page 163 and 164: T7 Holocene controls on silicic aci
Page 165 and 166: T8 Tanera Mor: a new stratotype for
Page 167 and 168: T8 Landscape response to abrupt cli
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Page 177 and 178: T3 Songs from the wood: tales of th
Page 179: T9 Lateglacial and Holocene Climate
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