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the southern North Sea basin: imprints of climate change, sea-level oscillation and glacio-isostacy. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 3216-3248. 2b Busschers FS, van Balen RT, Cohen KM, Kasse C, Weerts HJT, Wallinga J, & Bunnik FPM. 2008. Response of the Rhine-Meuse fluvial system to Saalian ice-sheet dynamics. Boreas, 37: 377–398. 3 Toucanne S, Zaragosi S, Bourillet JF, Cremer M, Eynaud F, Van Vliet-Lanoë B, Penaud A, Fontanier C, Turon JL, Cortijo E, Gibbard PL. 2009. Timing of massive ‘Fleuve Manche’ discharges over the last 350 kyr: insights into the European ice-sheet oscillations and the European drainage network from MIS 10 to 2. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 1238-1256. 5 Kooi H. 2000. Land subsidence due to compaction in the coastal area of The Netherlands: the role of lateral fluid flow and constraints from well-log data. Global and Planetary Change 27: 207-222. 6 Meijer T, Preece RC. 1995. Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary. In: Preece RC. (ed.), 1995, Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective. Geological Society Special Publication 96: 89-110. 7 Bridgland DR, Gibbard PL. 1997 Quaternary River Diversions in the London Basin and the Eastern English Channel. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 51: 337-346. Figure 1: The extent and thickness of the Middle Pleistocene Rhine -Meuse sequence in the southern North Sea (thickness in 5 m increments, arrows denote palaeo-courses of the Rhine, southern arrow coincides with location of the “Euro-channel” belt, indented lines showing isolines of relative subsidence rates in cm/ka within the Voorne Trough).
T9 When was Europe deforested? Large-scale Holocene land-cover reconstruction using a pollen-based pseudo-biomisation approach Neil Roberts 1 *, Jessie Woodbridge 1 and Ralph Fyfe 1 1 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA The need for accurate land-cover datasets extending beyond the period covered by remote-sensing has encouraged the development of various reconstruction approaches to past vegetation (e.g. Kaplan et al., 2009). The pseudo-biomisation (PBM) approach (Fyfe et al., 2010; Woodbridge et al. 2013) has been developed to provide a simple and easily applied transformation of fossil pollen data into land-cover classes in order to reconstruct broad-scale anthropogenic land-use change through time. The PBM has been tested and refined through application to an extensive modern pollen dataset (Davis et al., 2013) and comparison with Corine remote-sensed land cover maps (Woodbridge et al., in review). The method has now been applied to 982 records from the European Pollen Database and synthesised at 200-year time steps from 11,000 BP to the present. Regional comparisons indicate that forest decline and increased semi-open and open land cover can be detected since at least ~6000 BP in Central and Northwest Europe. In Southeast Europe and the Mediterranean, closed forest was part of a regional vegetation mosaic that always included significant areas of open and semi-open land cover. In consequence, here it is harder to separate, for example, natural grassland from pasture-land of anthropic origin. In addition to a Europe-wide synthesis, we present a number of case study areas in order to explore regionally-specific land-use change, and compare these with other, non-pollen based estimates of past land cover and demographic change. Our results are consistent with farming and other human actions having been the primary cause of landcover change across most of Europe since the mid-Holocene. This in turn gives at least partial support to Ruddiman’s (2013) early anthropogenic greenhouse hypothesis for the pre-industrial rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Keywords: pollen; land cover; anthropogenic; Europe; carbon dioxide; deforestation Davis B.A.S, Zanon M, Collins P., et al. (online first: 2013) The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. Fyfe, R.M., Roberts, N., and Woodbridge, J. (2010) A pseudo-biomisation approach to anthropogenic land cover change. Holocene. 20: 1165-1171 Kaplan J.O., Krumhardt, K.M. and Zimmerman N. (2009) The prehistorical and preindustrial deforestation of Europe. Quat. Sci. Rev. 28: 3016–34 Ruddiman, W.F. (2013) The Anthropocene. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 41: 4.1–4.24 Woodbridge, J., Fyfe, R.M. and Roberts, N. (in review) A comparison of remotely-sensed and pollenbased approaches to mapping Europe’s land cover. Submitted to J. Biogeography Woodbridge, J., Fyfe, R.M., Roberts, N., Downey, S., Edinborough, K., and Shennan, S. (online first: 2013) The impact of the Neolithic agricultural transition in Britain: a comparison of pollen-based landcover and archaeological 14C date-inferred population change. Journal of Archaeological Science.
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QRA@50: Quaternary Revolutions QRA
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Conference Programme Wednesday 8th
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General Notes Exhibitors A small nu
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QRA50: Top 50 UK Quaternary Sites N
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THEME 1: CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE C
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THEME 2: MEASURING TIME Radiocarbon
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THEME 3: MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDIN
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THEME 4: MODELLING THE EARTH SYSTEM
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modeling context, or in the context
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THEME 5: ICE SHEET DYNAMICS Time, t
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THEME 7: THE OCEANS The Oceans, CO
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THEME 8: TERRESTRIAL STRATIGRAPHY A
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THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Conservation
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THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Beetles, bon
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THEME 10: HUMAN ORIGINS, ENVIRONMEN
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THEME 11: INSIGHTS FROM GENETICS In
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Van Walt m onitoring your needs Del
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T2 TRACEing Tephra Horizons in Nort
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T5 The Hebrides Ice Stream (HIS) an
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T9 Formation and Cultural Use of We
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T3 Glacier-based climate reconstruc
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T5 Reconstructing the maximum exten
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T6 First recorded evidence of subaq
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T2 Towards a Greenland tephra latti
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO Transect 8: const
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T8 Pleistocene landscape change at
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T10 Advances in geoconservation: fu
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T7 ARAMACC: Advancing the use of an
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rat
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T2 Tracing and constraining key tep
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T2 Testing the potential of OSL to
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T5 Reconstruction of ice-sheet chan
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T3 Spatial and temporal variability
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T5 Glacial geomorphology of the Inn
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T2 Revolution and evolution: 35 yea
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO, Transect 2: cons
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T2 Improving surface exposure ages
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T5 Geomorphology and dynamics of th
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T9 The Anthropogenic Element in the
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Fraser, W.T., Watson, J.S., Sephton
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T10 Human-environment-climate inter
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Page 95 and 96: T5 Modelling the water isotope resp
Page 97 and 98: T9 Biome dynamics in the Ohrid Basi
Page 99 and 100: T5 The Moffatdale RSF cluster, Sout
Page 101 and 102: T11 Combining palynology and ecolog
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Page 105 and 106: T3 SCOPSCO Lake Ohrid deep drilling
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Page 109 and 110: T3 Quaternary revelations: the role
Page 111 and 112: T8 Late-Middle to Late Pleistocene
Page 113 and 114: T9 Climate forcing of mammoth range
Page 115 and 116: T8 Svalbard surging glacier landsys
Page 117 and 118: T2 Constraining peatland environmen
Page 119 and 120: T9 Late - glacial/Holocene vegetati
Page 121 and 122: T10 Developing a Holocene tephrostr
Page 123 and 124: Roberts, S. J. (1997) The spatial e
Page 125 and 126: T7 Pleistocene sea-surface and inte
Page 127 and 128: T10 Man, Megafauna and Mycobacteria
Page 129 and 130: T5 BRITICE-CHRONO Transect 5: const
Page 131 and 132: T8 The “Four Ages” of Micromorp
Page 133 and 134: T3 Continental silicon cycling and
Page 135 and 136: T5 Reconstructing plateau icefields
Page 137 and 138: T3 Exploiting multi-proxy analysis
Page 139 and 140: T3 Tipping Points: Rapid Neo-glacia
Page 141 and 142: T5 Glacial history of the central n
Page 143: T8 Reconstructing Quaternary Rhine-
Page 147 and 148: T9 Long-term vegetation development
Page 149 and 150: T9 Climate, microtopography and per
Page 151 and 152: T3 The temperature-δ 18 O relation
Page 153 and 154: T10 Neolithic land-use change clima
Page 155 and 156: T5 Assessing existing dating constr
Page 157 and 158: T10 Assessing the effects of the '2
Page 159 and 160: Figure 1: Lake ‘Disko 2’ on Dis
Page 161 and 162: T5 Increased channelization of subg
Page 163 and 164: T7 Holocene controls on silicic aci
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Page 171 and 172: T9 Assessing seasonality changes du
Page 173 and 174: T2 Cryptotephra records as archives
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Page 177 and 178: T3 Songs from the wood: tales of th
Page 179: T9 Lateglacial and Holocene Climate
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