The full programme book (PDF) - Royal Geographical Society

More documents

Recommendations

Info

T9 The concept of landscape inversion to explain biotic response to glacial-interglacial cycles in the southern mid-latitudes R.M. Newnham 1 *, M.S. McGlone 2 , J.R. Wood 2 , J.M. Wilmshurst 2 1 Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand 2 Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln, New Zealand Quaternary palaeoecological records reveal the remarkable resilience of biotic communities to climate change. But how did biota adapt to the extreme climate fluctuations of the glacial-interglacial cycles and accompanying dramatic changes in habitat? And want can we learn from this past evidence about how biotic communities will respond under future climate change? Much palaeoecological literature invokes the concepts of ‘refugia’ and ‘migration’, drawing on evidence from high northern latitudes for long-distance migratory movements forced by growth and decay of massive ice sheets during the glacial-interglacial cycles. We revisit this time honoured issue by examining key vegetation and avifaunal evidence from New Zealand in the southern mid-latitudes spanning the last glacial maximum and subsequent transition to the present interglacial. Here, the narrow, north-south trending distribution of ice during its maximum extent enforces only short distance migration – mostly less than 50 km. For any given region most of the taxa present during the present interglacial were there from the beginning of this period, or shortly thereafter. The New Zealand evidence therefore calls for an alternative model and, we argue, is better explained by the concept of Inversion than by the Migration-Refugium model. Over a relatively short period of time, a region ‘inverted’ from one dominant structural state (say open, shrubland-grasslands with an upland moa fauna to another (for instance, podocarp-broadleaved rainforest with a lowland moa fauna). What were patchy, rare or fugitive ecosystems became widespread, and the previously dominant ecosystems were confined to sites with unusually favourable combinations of climate and edaphic factors necessary to sustain their constituent species. The main lesson to be drawn from the past is that the New Zealand biota has been resilient to landscape and climate changes of considerable magnitude. Even the massive reorganisations between glacial and interglacial conditions led to little change. Instead, the new ecosystem was re-constituted locally out of pre-existing species and ecotypes that were marginal or subdominant in the old. Groups of species favoured by cooler, drier, more seasonal climates regularly switched dominance with those favoured by moist, mild climates. Because of the asymmetry of the inversion process, species favoured by cool/dry/seasonal climates often need a secondary toleration of poor, stressed soils and sites in order to persist in the face of competition under mild, moist climate regimes. We suggest that this adaptability to severe change during glacial-interglacial cycles has promoted the resilience of the modern flora to contemporary and future climate change. Keywords: Glacial-Interglacial cycles; migration; refugium; inversion; New Zealand
T5 BRITICE-CHRONO Transect 5: constraining the timing and style of British-Irish Ice Sheet retreat along the western Irish margin C. Ó Cofaigh 1 , D.H. Roberts 1 , M.J. Burke 2 , R.C. Chiverell 2 , D.J.A. Evans 1 , C.K. Ballantyne 3 and C.D. Clark 4 * 1 Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE 2 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool 3 Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews 4 Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN The aim of Transect 5 of the NERC funded consortium BRITICE-CHRONO is to establish the timing and style of retreat of the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) from the continental shelf offshore of western Ireland to the adjoining terrestrial hinterland. There are two components to this research. First, a marine geological cruise scheduled to take place on the RRS James Cook in 2014, and second, a programme of on-shore field sampling for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) dating, optically–stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and radiocarbon dating. This poster focuses on the results, to date, of the terrestrial component. The region of T5 is physiographically diverse and includes the upland area of the Twelve Bens and Maamturk mountains of Connemara, the adjoining relatively lowlying coastal hinterland of Connemara and Galway, the karstic region of the Burren and the Aran Islands and the low‐lying landscape of southwest Clare and the Shannon Estuary. During the LGM the region received ice from both the main ice sheet and the Connemara mountains (Ballantyne et al., 2008; Greenwood and Clark, 2009). The main Irish Ice Sheet flowed SW onto the continental shelf from inland areas north and east of County Galway and County Clare, and ice also flowed westwards from the Connemara Mountains. Sampling to constrain deglaciation sought to test the following hypotheses: (1) Retreat of the main ice sheet occurred in a north-easterly direction from southern County Clare across the Aran Islands and through Galway Bay following the ice sheet flow patterns established during advance. (2) Retreat into western Connemara mirrored the advance flow patterns of ice sourced from the mountains. Fifty one samples for TCN dating were collected from erratic boulders and ice-moulded bedrock from the Connemara mountains and adjoining coastal hinterland, as well as from the Burren and the Aran Islands (Inish Mean). These samples were supplemented by sixteen OSL samples collected from glacifluvial and ice-marginal, shallow subaqueous deposits, principally in the form of ice-contact deltas and outwash fans from north Connemara, south-west Clare and the Shannon Estuary. Dating these samples will establish the timing of retreat of both the main ice sheet and ice sourced from mountain areas. This poster presents the results of the T5 research to date. Key words: BRITICE-CHRONO; British-Irish Ice Sheet; Western Ireland; Connemara; deglaciation Ballantyne, C.K., Stone, J.O. and McCarroll, D., 2008. Dimensions and chronology of the last ice sheet in western Ireland. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 185-200. Greenwood, S.L., Clark, C.D., 2009. Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 2: a geomorphologicallydriven model of ice sheet growth, retreat and dynamics. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 3101–3123.
Page 1:
QRA@50: Quaternary Revolutions QRA
Page 6 and 7:
Conference Programme Wednesday 8th
Page 8 and 9:
General Notes Exhibitors A small nu
Page 10 and 11:
QRA50: Top 50 UK Quaternary Sites N
Page 12 and 13:
THEME 1: CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE C
Page 14 and 15:
THEME 2: MEASURING TIME Radiocarbon
Page 16 and 17:
THEME 3: MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDIN
Page 18 and 19:
THEME 4: MODELLING THE EARTH SYSTEM
Page 20 and 21:
modeling context, or in the context
Page 22 and 23:
THEME 5: ICE SHEET DYNAMICS Time, t
Page 24 and 25:
THEME 7: THE OCEANS The Oceans, CO
Page 26 and 27:
THEME 8: TERRESTRIAL STRATIGRAPHY A
Page 28 and 29:
THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Conservation
Page 30 and 31:
THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Beetles, bon
Page 32 and 33:
THEME 10: HUMAN ORIGINS, ENVIRONMEN
Page 34 and 35:
THEME 11: INSIGHTS FROM GENETICS In
Page 36:
Van Walt m onitoring your needs Del
Page 41 and 42:
T2 TRACEing Tephra Horizons in Nort
Page 43 and 44:
T5 The Hebrides Ice Stream (HIS) an
Page 45 and 46:
T9 Formation and Cultural Use of We
Page 47 and 48:
T3 Glacier-based climate reconstruc
Page 49 and 50:
T5 Reconstructing the maximum exten
Page 51 and 52:
T6 First recorded evidence of subaq
Page 53 and 54:
T2 Towards a Greenland tephra latti
Page 55 and 56:
T5 BRITICE-CHRONO Transect 8: const
Page 57 and 58:
T8 Pleistocene landscape change at
Page 59 and 60:
T10 Advances in geoconservation: fu
Page 61 and 62:
T7 ARAMACC: Advancing the use of an
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
T5 BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rat
Page 69 and 70:
T2 Tracing and constraining key tep
Page 71 and 72:
T2 Testing the potential of OSL to
Page 73 and 74:
T5 Reconstruction of ice-sheet chan
Page 75 and 76:
T3 Spatial and temporal variability
Page 77 and 78: T5 Glacial geomorphology of the Inn
Page 79 and 80: T2 Revolution and evolution: 35 yea
Page 81 and 82: T5 BRITICE-CHRONO, Transect 2: cons
Page 83 and 84: T2 Improving surface exposure ages
Page 85 and 86: T5 Geomorphology and dynamics of th
Page 87 and 88: T9 The Anthropogenic Element in the
Page 89 and 90: Fraser, W.T., Watson, J.S., Sephton
Page 91 and 92: T10 Human-environment-climate inter
Page 93 and 94: T9 Island Evolution: a ‘front-lin
Page 95 and 96: T5 Modelling the water isotope resp
Page 97 and 98: T9 Biome dynamics in the Ohrid Basi
Page 99 and 100: T5 The Moffatdale RSF cluster, Sout
Page 101 and 102: T11 Combining palynology and ecolog
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1: The palm swamp forest at
Page 105 and 106: T3 SCOPSCO Lake Ohrid deep drilling
Page 107 and 108: δ 18 Odiatom); biomarkers; pollen;
Page 109 and 110: T3 Quaternary revelations: the role
Page 111 and 112: T8 Late-Middle to Late Pleistocene
Page 113 and 114: T9 Climate forcing of mammoth range
Page 115 and 116: T8 Svalbard surging glacier landsys
Page 117 and 118: T2 Constraining peatland environmen
Page 119 and 120: T9 Late - glacial/Holocene vegetati
Page 121 and 122: T10 Developing a Holocene tephrostr
Page 123 and 124: Roberts, S. J. (1997) The spatial e
Page 125 and 126: T7 Pleistocene sea-surface and inte
Page 127: T10 Man, Megafauna and Mycobacteria
Page 131 and 132: T8 The “Four Ages” of Micromorp
Page 133 and 134: T3 Continental silicon cycling and
Page 135 and 136: T5 Reconstructing plateau icefields
Page 137 and 138: T3 Exploiting multi-proxy analysis
Page 139 and 140: T3 Tipping Points: Rapid Neo-glacia
Page 141 and 142: T5 Glacial history of the central n
Page 143 and 144: T8 Reconstructing Quaternary Rhine-
Page 145 and 146: T9 When was Europe deforested? Larg
Page 147 and 148: T9 Long-term vegetation development
Page 149 and 150: T9 Climate, microtopography and per
Page 151 and 152: T3 The temperature-δ 18 O relation
Page 153 and 154: T10 Neolithic land-use change clima
Page 155 and 156: T5 Assessing existing dating constr
Page 157 and 158: T10 Assessing the effects of the '2
Page 159 and 160: Figure 1: Lake ‘Disko 2’ on Dis
Page 161 and 162: T5 Increased channelization of subg
Page 163 and 164: T7 Holocene controls on silicic aci
Page 165 and 166: T8 Tanera Mor: a new stratotype for
Page 167 and 168: T8 Landscape response to abrupt cli
Page 169 and 170: T9 Impact of vegetation shifts on i
Page 171 and 172: T9 Assessing seasonality changes du
Page 173 and 174: T2 Cryptotephra records as archives
Page 175 and 176: Westaway, R., Bridgland, D.R., Mish
Page 177 and 178: T3 Songs from the wood: tales of th
Page 179:
T9 Lateglacial and Holocene Climate
show all

The full programme book (PDF) - Royal Geographical Society

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?