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T11 Mammalian response to abrupt climate change at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary? Marr. M* 1 , Barnes. I 2 , Macleod, N 2 , and Schreve, D 1 1 Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London What are the geographical and biological origins of the contemporary British mammal fauna? Modern British mammalian communities have a relatively short history, originating in the closing stages of the Devensian Glaciation and shaped by the abrupt nature of the climatic fluctuations that followed. The research presented here focuses on a period of extreme climatic variability, which coincided with a period of significant turnover in the British mammal fauna: the closing stages of the last glacial c. 15 000 cal BP and into the early Holocene interglacial, which commenced c. 11 500 cal BP. Central to this research is the novel synthesis of two cutting-edge techniques – ancient DNA and 3D geometric morphometrics - used to investigate variation in both genetics and morphology and allowing the elucidation of past population processes and ecomorphological change in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene mammals for the first time. In order to examine individualistic responses to abrupt climate change this study focuses on species with different ecologies and dispersal potentials: Equus ferus (wild horse), Microtus agrestis (field vole), Castor fiber (Eurasian beaver), and Felis silvestris (wild cat). Evidence from the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber is presented here as a test-case to demonstrate how these methods can be used to reconstruct species histories. The Gironde River in France has been suggested as the source, from which beavers reentered Britain during the Lateglacial Interstadial (c. 14 700 – 12 900 cal BP), taking a route through the western British lowlands. During the Younger Dryas Stadial (c. 12 900 – 11 500 cal BP), beavers presumably tracked their habitat south and were absent from the majority of Britain, although populations may have persisted in sheltered areas in the extreme south. As the climate warmed in the early Holocene, beavers would have again spread through Britain. This overall project therefore aims to establish the geographic origins, recolonization routes and ecomorphological variation in this species over these key climate periods. Keywords: ancient DNA; geometric morphometrics; Late Pleistocene; Holocene; mammals
T10 Developing a Holocene tephrostratigraphy of eastern Africa Martin-Jones, C.M. 1 *, Lamb, H. F. 1 , Pearce, N.J.G. 1 , Lane, C. S. 2 1 Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University 2 Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford Early Pliocene to late Pleistocene tephra deposits provide chronological control on Ethiopian and Kenyan palaeoanthropological sites. However, the occurrence of younger East African Holocene tephra units remains poorly documented. Visible tephra and ultradistal ‘invisible’ cryptotephra horizons within post-LGM lacustrine cores from Lakes Ashenge, Hayk and Dendi (Ethiopia) are studied here to construct a regional tephrostratigraphy. Cryptotephra detection methods often involve time consuming separation and counting procedures. Itrax® X-ray fluorescence core scanning rapidly analyses the elemental composition of core sediments. Numerous studies have utilized XRF scanning to identify cryptotephra horizons and this project will further assess the suitability of detecting cryptotephra using this technique. The Ashenge core contains four visible tephra layers, Itrax® core scanning measures anomalously high K, Rb, Y and Zr counts in the lake sediments at their respective depths. Density separation methods identify five cryptotephra horizons in the Ashenge core. Core scanning measures elevated K, Rb, Y and Zr counts at the location of these cryptotephra layers, although one cryptotephra cannot be distinguished using this technique. These preliminary data indicate cryptotephra detection using XRF scanning may be related to variables such as shard concentration and tephra/core composition. Following the successful identification of tephra layers in Lake Ashenge sediments, tephra horizons in other regional lake cores will now be studied and geochemically fingerprinted. The resulting tephrostratigraphy may be utilized for the correlation of climate archives from eastern Africa. Keywords: tephrochronology, hominin evolution, cryptotephra, XRF core scanning.
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QRA@50: Quaternary Revolutions QRA
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Conference Programme Wednesday 8th
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General Notes Exhibitors A small nu
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QRA50: Top 50 UK Quaternary Sites N
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THEME 1: CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE C
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THEME 2: MEASURING TIME Radiocarbon
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THEME 3: MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDIN
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THEME 4: MODELLING THE EARTH SYSTEM
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modeling context, or in the context
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THEME 5: ICE SHEET DYNAMICS Time, t
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THEME 7: THE OCEANS The Oceans, CO
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THEME 8: TERRESTRIAL STRATIGRAPHY A
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THEME 9: PALAEOECOLOGY Conservation
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THEME 10: HUMAN ORIGINS, ENVIRONMEN
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THEME 11: INSIGHTS FROM GENETICS In
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Van Walt m onitoring your needs Del
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T2 TRACEing Tephra Horizons in Nort
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T5 The Hebrides Ice Stream (HIS) an
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T9 Formation and Cultural Use of We
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T3 Glacier-based climate reconstruc
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T2 Towards a Greenland tephra latti
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO Transect 8: const
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T8 Pleistocene landscape change at
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T10 Advances in geoconservation: fu
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T7 ARAMACC: Advancing the use of an
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T5 BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rat
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Page 111 and 112: T8 Late-Middle to Late Pleistocene
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Page 115 and 116: T8 Svalbard surging glacier landsys
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Page 151 and 152: T3 The temperature-δ 18 O relation
Page 153 and 154: T10 Neolithic land-use change clima
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T9 Assessing seasonality changes du
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T2 Cryptotephra records as archives
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Westaway, R., Bridgland, D.R., Mish
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T3 Songs from the wood: tales of th
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T9 Lateglacial and Holocene Climate
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