heat - Renewables Made in Germany
heat - Renewables Made in Germany
heat - Renewables Made in Germany
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The utilisation of agricultural biomass for<br />
generat<strong>in</strong>g energy<br />
Dr. Waldemar Gruber<br />
Landwirtschaftskammer NRW, Bonn<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 1
North Rh<strong>in</strong>e-Westphalia<br />
NRW<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 2
Decision of the german cab<strong>in</strong>et <strong>in</strong> Meseberg 23.08.2007:<br />
20% renewable energy all-over total primary energy<br />
supply until 2020:<br />
25-30 %<br />
14 %<br />
17%<br />
share <strong>in</strong> power requirement<br />
share <strong>in</strong> <strong>heat</strong> requirement<br />
share <strong>in</strong> fuel requirement<br />
8 % <strong>in</strong> 2015<br />
but the „food or fuel“ discussion will reduce the last goal <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> and on<br />
EU-level<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 3
What goals were reached s<strong>in</strong>ce 1990?<br />
Sun<br />
Sun<br />
Water<br />
Fuels Electricity Heat<br />
Kaltschmitt, Bohnenschäfer, Thrän, 2007<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 4
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 5
Economic advantage<br />
Renewable resources present an alternative to<br />
traditional food/fodder production and thus offer<br />
additional <strong>in</strong>come sources. Additionally, farmers can<br />
grow <strong>in</strong>dustrial crops on set-aside land without<br />
los<strong>in</strong>g the relevant payments.<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 6
The way of us<strong>in</strong>g agricultural biomass …<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 7
Biomass energy -operation figures-<br />
renewable energy energy balance l/ha a OE<br />
biogas - 1 au/d ca 0,6l OE<br />
residues<br />
wood - 1000 -2000l OE<br />
straw - ca. 2000 l OE<br />
field crops<br />
wood 1 : 12 6500 l<br />
w<strong>heat</strong> 1 : 10 5000 l<br />
miscanthus 1 : 15 8000 l<br />
rapeseed 1 : 3 1300 l plus byproducts<br />
ethanol<br />
sugar beet 1 : 1,7 3000 l<br />
sorghum 1 : 4 3000 l<br />
*Quelle Schön, Strehler, Schulz<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 8
generat<strong>in</strong>g energy of agricultural raw<br />
materials and residuals<br />
wet biomass<br />
corn, gras, cereal silages, …<br />
residues and biological wast<br />
dry biomass<br />
energy plants,<br />
wood, Straw, etc.<br />
starch- und sugarplants<br />
( cereals, sugar<br />
beets, etc.)<br />
oil plants<br />
(rapeseeds,<br />
sunflower, ...)<br />
<br />
anaerobic<br />
digestion<br />
pyrolysis /<br />
gasification<br />
pelletization<br />
burn-up<br />
saccarification<br />
fermentaition<br />
press &<br />
condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
CHP<br />
Fuel cell<br />
BtL (FT)<br />
Comb<strong>in</strong>ed Heat<br />
and Power<br />
(CHP)<br />
Ethanol<br />
(E85)<br />
Plantoil<br />
(esterification)<br />
Biodiesel<br />
Heat, Electricity, Fuels<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 9
„Exotic“ Hamp Plants<br />
Corn/Sunflower<br />
Sorghum<br />
Amarant<br />
Sudan grass<br />
Arne Dahlhoff 2007, LZ Haus Düsse<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 10
Biogas …<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 11
6 agricultural<br />
biogasplants<br />
6 plann<strong>in</strong>g stage/<br />
under construction<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 12
district<br />
<strong>heat</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
CHP<br />
house<br />
<strong>heat</strong><br />
storage<br />
sale to the electric<br />
power grid<br />
manure<br />
collection<br />
barn<br />
digester<br />
gas<br />
holder<br />
effluent<br />
storage<br />
cofermente<br />
organic fertilizer<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 13
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 14
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 15
l/kg oTS<br />
800,00<br />
600,00<br />
400,00<br />
200,00<br />
Yield<br />
Gaserträge<br />
of biogas<br />
und<br />
and<br />
Faulraumbelatung<br />
volume load of<br />
von<br />
different co-ferment Kofermenten<br />
kg oTS/d<br />
4,00<br />
3,00<br />
2,00<br />
1,00<br />
0,00<br />
0,00<br />
Mais<br />
Oldham<br />
Mais Doge<br />
Silomais<br />
26.5.04<br />
Silomais<br />
8.4.04<br />
Rübensp<br />
03<br />
Rübensp<br />
02<br />
Grünrog<br />
04<br />
Grünrog<br />
03<br />
Spez. Gaserträge gasyield (l/kg oTS Substrat)<br />
Raumbelastung volume load (kg oTS/d)<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 16
Quelle: Landtechnikberatung Bayern<br />
( value <strong>in</strong> m³ biogas per tonne<br />
base material )<br />
pork manure<br />
whey<br />
fodder beet<br />
sugarbeets<br />
new fodderbeets<br />
maedow 1. cut<br />
draef<br />
maizesilage<br />
dough ripe stage<br />
grassilage<br />
1. cut<br />
maizesilage<br />
kitchen waste<br />
seperator grease<br />
bread waste<br />
lipid<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 17<br />
cattle manure
Biogas <strong>in</strong> a Pipel<strong>in</strong>e<br />
gas-pipel<strong>in</strong>e 1,5 km<br />
CHP <strong>in</strong> dairy<br />
biogas plant<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 18
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 19
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 20
goals of biogas produktion<br />
cost of the substrates are<br />
more than 50 % of the overall costs!!!<br />
Foto: Monsanto<br />
costs of the substrates ≤ 0,07 €/kWh (Bonus)<br />
high methan yield per hectare<br />
constant and high yield <strong>in</strong> plant production<br />
consistend biological process<br />
to make use of <strong>heat</strong> <strong>in</strong> an economical and effectiv sound<br />
efficiently technique<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 21
Fuels …<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 22
dezentralized oil mills <strong>in</strong> germany<br />
Anzahl der Anlagen<br />
Bundesland<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
2007<br />
Baden-Württemberg<br />
36<br />
40<br />
63<br />
<br />
Bayern<br />
Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
93<br />
0<br />
119<br />
0<br />
238<br />
0<br />
Brandenburg<br />
8<br />
9<br />
17<br />
Bremen<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Hamburg<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
Hessen<br />
11<br />
12<br />
25<br />
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<br />
2<br />
6<br />
13<br />
Niedersachsen<br />
14<br />
13<br />
55<br />
Nordrhe<strong>in</strong>-Westfalen<br />
16<br />
18<br />
72<br />
Rhe<strong>in</strong>land-Pfalz<br />
12<br />
14<br />
38<br />
Saarland<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
Sachsen<br />
7<br />
10<br />
18<br />
Sachsen-Anhalt<br />
6<br />
6<br />
12<br />
Schleswig-Holste<strong>in</strong><br />
4<br />
5<br />
7<br />
Thür<strong>in</strong>gen<br />
7<br />
9<br />
14<br />
Quelle: TFZ, Bayern Summe<br />
219 264 575<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 23
Small Oil Mills<br />
50 – 100 kg/h, 7,5 kW<br />
Small oil mill<br />
& filtration<br />
150 – 500 kg/h<br />
7,5 – 30 kW<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 24
tractors which can use plant oil<br />
<br />
Deutz-Fahr<br />
Agrotron NaturalPower<br />
Agrotron (131-184 HP)<br />
DEUTZ Fuel Management®<br />
Fendt<br />
Fendt – 820 Variogreentec:<br />
ventilgesteuertes 2-Tank-System<br />
with manufacturer warranty<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 25
Biofuels by comparison<br />
biomethan of residues<br />
Automobile fuel consumption<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 26
Heat …<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 27
Energy-consumption per citizen<br />
<strong>heat</strong><br />
53%<br />
hot water<br />
8%<br />
electricity<br />
8%<br />
automobile<br />
31%<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 28
woodsticks<br />
woodchips<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 29
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 30
central <strong>heat</strong><strong>in</strong>g boiler for pellets<br />
automatic <strong>in</strong>gition<br />
dos<strong>in</strong>g screw<br />
pellet storage<br />
ash pan<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 31
Straw recovery<br />
district <strong>heat</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
flue gas<br />
clean<strong>in</strong>g<br />
feed<strong>in</strong>g<br />
solid fuel<br />
ash bunker<br />
chimney<br />
controller<br />
fossil burn<strong>in</strong>g boiler for peak load<br />
wood recovery<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 32
Efficiency …<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 33
Energie yield of different renewable energy sources<br />
short-crop-rotation burn<strong>in</strong>g<br />
biogas comb<strong>in</strong>ad <strong>heat</strong> and pow er<br />
biogas fuel<br />
short-crop-rotation fuel (BtL)<br />
biogas pow er w ithout <strong>heat</strong><br />
rapeseed fuel (biodiesel)<br />
gra<strong>in</strong> fuel (ethanol)<br />
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000<br />
[kWh/ha]<br />
Quelle: SRU 2007<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 34
Greenhouse gas sav<strong>in</strong>g Potential<br />
BtL Diesel (w ood gasification)<br />
Biodiesel (Glycer<strong>in</strong> utilized)<br />
Ethanol (Lignocellulosen)<br />
Ethanol (w <strong>heat</strong>, residual animal<br />
food)<br />
Ethanol (w <strong>heat</strong>, residual <strong>heat</strong> and<br />
pow er)<br />
Ethanol (sugarbeet, residual animal<br />
food)<br />
Pow er generation (coal is be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
replaced by w ood <strong>in</strong> steam plant)<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16<br />
[t CO 2 /ha*a]<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 35
Primary- and f<strong>in</strong>al energy consumption <strong>in</strong> germany<br />
16000<br />
14000<br />
Primary energy<br />
consumption; PJ; 14464<br />
12000<br />
10000<br />
F<strong>in</strong>al energy consumption<br />
PJ; 9173<br />
[PJ]<br />
8000<br />
6000<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
PJ<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 36
Thank you …<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 37
Primary energy consumption <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> <strong>in</strong> 2007<br />
Total: 13,878 PJ<br />
Oil<br />
34%<br />
Gas<br />
22%<br />
share RE<br />
Hydropower: 0.5%<br />
W<strong>in</strong>d energy: 1.0%<br />
Biomass: 4.9% 2)<br />
6.7% 1) Other RE: 0.3%<br />
Hard Coal<br />
14%<br />
Nuclear<br />
11%<br />
Lignite<br />
12%<br />
1)<br />
Acc. to the substitution method: Renewable Energies Accounted for 9.1% of Primary Energy Consumption ; 2) solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of<br />
waste, landfill and sewage gas; RE - renewable energies; Version: M arch 2008; all figures provisional Source: BM U accord<strong>in</strong>g to Work<strong>in</strong>g Group on Renewable<br />
Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat); us<strong>in</strong>g data from Work<strong>in</strong>g Group on Energy Balances (AGEB); physical energy content method.<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 38
Contribution of renewable energy sourced electricity generation<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> 1990 - 2007<br />
100,000<br />
90,000<br />
80,000<br />
70,000<br />
60,000<br />
Hydropower<br />
Biomass*<br />
W<strong>in</strong>d energy<br />
Photovoltaics<br />
[GWh]<br />
50,000<br />
40,000<br />
30,000<br />
20,000<br />
10,000<br />
0<br />
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007<br />
* solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of waste, landfill and sewage gas;<br />
Electricity from geothermal energy is not presented due to the low volumes of electricity<br />
Source: Source: BM U accord<strong>in</strong>g to Work<strong>in</strong>g Group on Renewable Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat)<br />
Ref. 24 Energie,Bauen,Technik Dr. Waldemar Gruber 39
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